124 Transport courses in Belfast

SMPTE 2022 training course description SMPTE 2022 is the standard for IP video transport in the broadcast industry. This course covers the seven section of the standard in detail. Particular attention is given to FEC and seamless protection switching areas of the standard. What will you learn Use Wireshark to analyse. SMPTE 2022 streams. Explain the role of FEC in SMPTE 2022. Explain how SMPTE 2022 provides resilience. SMPTE 2022 training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with TV distribution. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 1 day SMPTE 2022 training course contents Introduction What is SMPTE 2022, SMPTE 2022 parts. SDI over IP. Contribution and distribution versus delivery. The SMPTE 2022 protocol stack SMPTE 2022-2 (mapping of MPEG TS into IP) and SMPTE 2022-6 mapping uncompressed video into IP. IP: Best effort, connectionless, DF flag, routers, Diffserv, RSVP. IPv6. UDP: Unreliable, connectionless, broadcasts, multicasts and unicasts. RTP RTP, ports, payloads types, sequence numbers, timestamps. RTP header extensions. RTCP. MPEG2-TS: Elementary streams, transport over IP. FEC Forward Error Correction. SMPTE 2022-1, SMPTE 2022-5. Logical rows and columns. 1D and 2D parity. FEC header format. FEC configuration and choosing dimensions. FEC traffic shaping. Overheads and delays. Seamless protection switching IP failover. SMPTE 2022-7: Sending two matching streams over different paths. Stream synchronization. The HBRMT header. Calculating the packet to switch over. Summary Summary of the 7 sections of the SMPTE 2022 standard. Clock recovery.

NPORS Plant Loader and Securer (N120)

Definitive SRv6 course description This one day SRv6 training course is a condensed, intensive program designed to provide network professionals with a fast-track introduction to SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6). SRv6 is a revolutionary networking technology that combines the power of IPv6 with the flexibility of Segment Routing, enabling efficient and scalable network operations. In just one day, participants will gain essential knowledge and practical skills to understand, configure, and work with SRv6 in modern network environments. Hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer equipment. What will you learn Explain packet paths when implementing SLB. Explain how SRv6 works. Explain the difference between SR and SRv6. Implement SRv6. Troubleshoot SRv6. Definitive SRv6 course details Who will benefit: Network engineers, architects, and administrators who want to quickly grasp the fundamentals of SRv6 and its practical applications in their network. Prerequisites: Definitive Segment Routing for engineers Duration 1 day Definitive SRv6 course contents Introduction to SRv6 What is SRv6? Source based routing, difference between SR-MPLS and SRv6. IPv6 headers review, routing headers. SRv6 simplified solution. Hands on Enabling IPv6 in the legacy network. SRv6 transport Segment Routing Extension Header. SRv6 segment identifiers. End SID, End.X SID. ISIS distribution of SIDs. Header processing in a SRv6 topology. Locators. Hands on Configuring SRv6 transport. Analysing SRv6 operation. SRv6 services End.DT4 SID, End.DT6 SID. SRH encapsulation modes: Insert and Encap modes. SRv6 TE policy. Hands on Migrating to SRv6, TI-LFA protection. Micro loop avoidance. SRv6 integration with 'older' technologies MPLS. The role of iBGP and eBGP v6 sessions. Hands on Integration with legacy network. Troubleshooting SRv6 SRv6 ping and traceroute. Hands on: Used throughout the course during exercises.

Application delivery training course description A concise hands on course covering section 1 of the F5 networks AD fundamentals exam. The course focuses on the technology and not any one manufacturers product. This will enable delegates to work with devices from any manufacturer. Practical hands on with Cisco and Microsoft systems follow the major sessions to reinforce the theory. What will you learn Explain, compare and contrast the OSI layers. Explain protocols and technologies specific to the data link layer. Explain protocols and apply technologies specific to the network layer. Explain the features and functionality of protocols and technologies specific to the Transport layer. Explain the features and functionality of protocols and technologies specific to the Application layer Application delivery training course details Who will benefit: Anyone taking the F5 networks AD fundamentals exam. Technical staff working in Application delivery. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Application delivery training course contents What is TCP/IP? Protocols, services. The Internet, RFCs, The OSI 7 layer model. Layer 1 cables. Ping and addressing Host configuration of IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, ipconfig, ping. Hands on Configuring TCP/IP, ping. Ethernet and the data link layer 802.3, evolution, choosing cables, topologies, CSMA/CD, hubs, NICs, MAC addresses. Hands on Analysing MAC addresses. IP and Ethernet Relationship. Hands on ARP. What is a switch? Switches connect multiple devices, switches versus hubs, simultaneous conversations, switches work at layer 2, the forwarding database, how the forwarding database is built, broadcast and collision domains. Hands on Difference between hubs and switches. Link aggregation Loops, broadcast storms, STP, Architectures, modes, link aggregation, load sharing, resilience. Hands on fail over times. VLANs Virtual versus physical LANs, Why have VLANs? Broadcast domains. Hands on VLANs effect on traffic. IP IP datagram format, ICMP datagram format. Hands on Analysing IP and ICMP packets. IP addressing Format of addresses, registering, dotted decimal notation, choosing addresses, DHCP. Hands on impact of addressing errors. Routing What is a router? Reason for routing, network addressing, default gateways, how routing works, routing and addresses, routing tables, traceroute. Hands on Using a routed network. Routing protocols IGPs, EGPs, RIP & OSPF. Hands on Configuring routers for RIP and OSPF. Subnetting When to subnet, subnet masks, working with subnetting, CIDR notation. Hands on Changing the routed network to use subnetting. The transport layer UDP, Ports, TCP, acknowledgements, sliding windows. Hands on Analysing packets. Applications Clients, servers, web, Email SMTP, resource sharing, IM, VoIP, Video over IP, terminal emulation, FTP. Hands on FTP, SIP. Web pages URLs, DNS, names to IP addresses. HTTP, versions and status codes. Keepalives, cookies. Hands on Analysing HTTP headers.

LTE Architecture and Protocols course description This course provides a comprehensive tour of the LTE architecture along with services provided and the protocols used. What will you learn Describe the overall architecture of LTE. Explain the information flows through LTE. Describe the LTE security. Describe LTE mobility management. Recognise the next steps for LTE. LTE Architecture and Protocols course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Duration 3 days LTE Architecture and Protocols course contents Introduction History, LTE key features. The 4G ITU process. The LTE 3GPP specifications. Specifications. System Architecture LTE hardware architecture. UE architecture and capabilities. E-UTRAN and eNB. EPC, MME functions, SGW, PGW and PCRF. System interfaces and protocol stacks. Example information flows. Dedicated and default bearers. EMM, ECM, RRC state diagrams. Radio transmission and reception OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO antennas. Air interface protocol stack. Logical, transport and physical channels. Frame and slot structure, the resource grid. Resource element mapping of the physical channels and signals. Cell acquisition, data transmission and random access. MAC, RLC, PDCP protocols. LTE spectrum allocation. Power-on procedures Network and cell selection. RRC connection establishment. Attach procedure, including IP address allocation and default bearer activation. LTE detach procedure. Security in LTE networks LTE security features, identity confidentiality, ciphering and integrity protection. Architecture of network access security in LTE. Secure key hierarchy. Authentication and key agreement procedure. Security mode command procedure. Network domain security architecture. Security associations using IKE and IPSec. Mobility management RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED. Cell reselection, tracking area updates. Measurement reporting. X2 and S1 based handovers. Interoperation with UMTS, GSM and non-3GPP technologies such as cdma2000. QoS, policy control and charging QoS in LTE, EPS bearers, service data flows and packet flows. The architecture and signalling procedures for policy and charging control. Data transport using GPRS, differentiated services and MPLS. Offline and online charging in LTE. Delivery of voice and text messages over LTE Difficulties and solutions for Voice over LTE. Architecture and call setup procedures for circuit switched fallback. Architecture, protocols and call setup procedures in IP multimedia subsystem. Enhancements in release 9 LTE location services. Multimedia broadcast / multicast service and MBSFN. Cell selection, commercial mobile alert service. LTE Advanced and release 10 Impact of carrier aggregation on LTE air interface. Enhanced MIMO processing on uplink and downlink. Relaying. Release 11 and beyond. OAM and self organising networks Operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning for LTE. Self-configuration of base station parameters. Fractional frequency re-use, inter-cell interference co-ordination. Self-optimisation of base station procedures. Self-healing to detect and recover from faults.

Telecomms training course description A comprehensive tour of the telecommunications technologies and terminology currently in use, and under development. What will you learn List and describe components of the PSTN. Explain how calls are made over the PSTN Compare analog and digital transmission methods. Describe the technologies within the transport plane. Recognise the benefits of extra features available in today's telephone networks. Telecomms training course details Who will benefit: Anyone new to the Telecommunications industry. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Telecomms training course contents Telephone network architecture Handsets, local loop, distribution points, Local exchanges, main telephone switches, PBXs. Making a call - some basics Telephone call components, how a telephone call works, accessing the local exchange, loop disconnect, DTMF, standards, E.164, PSTN routing, Intelligent Networks, Special Rate Services. Analogue vs Digital Voice characteristics, PSTN bandwidth, analogue signalling, Digital encoding, PCM and the 64k, ADPCM and other voice compression methods. PBXs PABX, Call processing, networking PBXs, PBX facilities, bandwidth, blocking probability and Erlangs, Erlang models, using Erlang tables. Transmission methods Two wire transmission, 64k circuits, Nx64, E1, 2 wire to 4 wire conversion, echo, echo suppression, echo cancellers, twisted pair, coax, fibre optic, power lines, satellite systems, microwave. Signalling Analogue signalling, loop start, earth calling, E&M, AC15. Digital signalling -CAS, robbed bits and E1 slot 16 signalling. Digital signalling CCS, Q.931, SS7, Q.SIG, DPNSS, DASS2. Transport planes PDH, PDH issues, SDH, SDH architecture, SDH standards, SDH bit rates, SDH mulitplexors, DWDM. Networks Circuit Switched Networks, TDM, Packet Switched Networks, Frame Relay, Message Switching, Circuit Switching, STDM, Cell Switching, ATM, ATM cells, ATM traffic parameters, ATM QoS, MPLS. Other network access Modems, modulation, speeds, ISDN, BRI, PRI, xDSL, SDSL, ADSL. Other Services Centrex, VPNs, FeatureNet, CTI, Call Processing Systems, Voice Mail, Automated Attendant Systems, Interactive Voice Response, Call Management Systems, Call Conferencing, Star Services. Mobile communications 3 types of wireless telephone, mobile generations, base stations, cells, GSM, GPRS, 3G, UMTS, WCDMA, 4G, LTE. VoIP overview What is VoIP, VoIP benefits, What is IP? The IP header, Packetising voice, VoIP addressing, H.323, SIP, RTP. Bandwidth requirements.

DWDM training course description A concise overview of Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) with both Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) being covered. The course starts with a review of the relevant elements of fibre transmission and multiplexing before then studying WDM components and architectures. Reliability, resilience and management are then followed by WDM services and futures. What will you learn Explain the benefits of WDM. Describe Dispersion and four way mixing. Describe the different WDM equipment components. Describe different WDM architectures. Explain How DWDM works. DWDM training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with CWDM/DWDM. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days DWDM training course contents Fibre communications review Optical transmission, Fibre characteristics, Fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. CWDM ITU G.694.2, channels, channel spacing. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channels, channel spacing. WDM Equipment Components Equipment components and building blocks. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. WDM/DWDM Hubs. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Types of Cross Connects (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. WDM Architectures WDM network sections. Point-to-Point, Optical switches, mesh, ring and star topology. Example of combined WDM and other technology network. Wavelength converting transponders, 1R, 2R, 3R. Protection for WDM Sub 50ms failover. Equipment protection. Card protection. Y cable, Splitter protection. Far end laser control. Line protection. OMSP 1+1, OMSP 1:1, OMSP 1: N. Self healing optical ring. Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP). Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON). WDM Management Options In band management. Out of band management. The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC). OSC capabilities. WDM services WDM Access. Bit rates, Transparent Networks. Modulation, DQPSK. SDH over WDM. Migrating from SDH to DWDM. Ethernet over WDM, IP over WDM. Optical Transport Networks G.709, 'digital wrapper', Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU), Optical Channel Transport Unit ( OTU), Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU). OTU1, OTU2, OTU3, OTU4. WDM Futures All optical amplification, Raman amplification, distributed, lumped. Bit rates. Solitons. Coherent technologies.

About this Training The expanding human population and industrialisation are increasing the demand for energy worldwide. This has resulted in numerous challenges such as environmental pollution, reliable supply of fossil fuels, and increased demand of electricity supply, which must be overcome. To fulfil the energy demands and overcome these challenges, numerous projects and funds are involved in finding an adequate solution. Transport accounts for around one-fifth of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and road travel accounts for three-quarters of transport emissions. Most of this comes from passenger vehicles. Emission limits are increasingly stringent, and the fuel industry must change its approach to product formulation to meet the challenge. Training Objectives Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to: Get a clear overview of the different types of bio and alternative fuels Understand how different bio and alternative fuels are produced Have an overview of feedstock utilised for biofuels production Realize how the biofuels production could be integrated in modern refinery Understand how bio and alternative fuels function as single and blended fuels Understand what impact bio and alternative fuels have on car engine Get an overview of the environmental impact of bio and alternative fuels Get the overview of regulation related to bio and alternative fuel Target Audience The course is intended for individuals who are interested in or developing in the field of bio and alternative fuels. The following personnel will benefit from the knowledge shared in this course: Refinery Technical Personnel Trading and blending personnel Sales, marketing, and product trading personnel Laboratory supervisors and technical personnel Policymakers Professionals who are interested in or developing in the field of bio and alternative fuels Process, project, and consultant engineers involved in bioenergy, petrochemical and chemical industries Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader is an experienced manager with more than 25 years of operational experience in the downstream Oil & Gas industry. She is a recognised expert in conventional, biofuels and alternative fuels with extensive experience in the crude selection process and formulation of finished products including product portfolio strategy, product quality road mapping and benchmarking. She is a long-time laboratory manager with comprehensive experience in laboratory processes, including financing, benchmarking, efficiency improvement and total quality management processes. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

CCNA training course description The Implementing and Administering Cisco Solutions (CCNA) course gives you a broad range of fundamental knowledge for all IT careers. Through a combination of lecture, hands-on labs, and self-study, you will learn how to install, operate, configure, and verify basic IPv4 and IPv6 networks. The course covers configuring network components such as switches, routers, and wireless LAN controllers; managing network devices; and identifying basic security threats. It also gives a foundation in network programmability, and software-defined networking What will you learn Install, configure, and operate a small to medium sized network Gain a foundation in the essentials of networking, security, and automation Prepare for the 200-301 CCNA exam, which earns CCNA certification CCNA training course details Who will benefit: Network support help desk technicians involved in the basic installation, operation, and verification of Cisco networks. Anyone seeking CCNA certification. Prerequisites: Introduction to Data communications & networking Duration 5 days CCNA training course content After taking this course, you should be able to: Identify the components of a computer network and describe their basic characteristics. Understand the model of host-to-host communication. Describe the Cisco IOS software. Describe LANs and the role of switches within LANs. Describe Ethernet and describe the operation of switches. Install a switch and perform the initial configuration. Describe the TCP/IP Internet layer, IPv4, its addressing scheme, and subnetting. Describe the TCP/IP Transport and Application layers Explore functions of routing. Implement basic configuration on a Cisco router. Explain host-to-host comms across switches and routers. Identify and resolve common switched network issues and common problems associated with IPv4 addressing. Describe IPv6 main features and addresses, and configure and verify basic IPv6 connectivity. Describe static routing. Describe, implement, and verify VLANs and trunks. Describe inter VLAN routing. Explain the basics of dynamic routing protocols and describe components and terms of OSPF. Explain how STP and RSTP work. Configure link aggregation using EtherChannel. Describe the purpose of Layer 3 redundancy protocols. Describe basic WAN and VPN concepts. Describe the operation of access control lists (ACLs) and their applications in the network. Configure Internet access using DHCP clients and explain and configure NAT on Cisco routers. Describe basic QoS concepts. Describe the concepts of wireless networks, which types of wireless networks can be built, and how to use Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs). Describe network and device architectures, introduce virtualization, network programmability and SDN and describe smart network management solutions such as Cisco DNA Center™, SD-Access, and SD-WAN. Configure basic IOS system monitoring tools. Describe the management of Cisco devices. Describe the current security threat landscape. Describe threat defence technologies. Implement a basic security configuration of the device management plane. Implement basic steps to harden network devices. Detailed course outline Exploring the Functions of Networking. The Host-to-Host Communications Model. Operating Cisco IOS Software. Introducing LANs. Exploring the TCP/IP Link Layer. Starting a Switch. The TCP/IP IP layer, IPv4 Addressing, and Subnets. The TCP/IP Transport Layer and Application Layer. Exploring the Functions of Routing. Configuring a Cisco Router. Exploring the Packet Delivery Process. Troubleshooting a Simple Network. Introducing Basic IPv6. Configuring Static Routing. Implementing VLANs and Trunks. Routing Between VLANs. Introducing OSPF. Redundant Switched Topologies with EtherChannel. Explaining Basics of ACL. Enabling Internet Connectivity. Explaining the Evolution of Intelligent Networks. Introducing System Monitoring. Managing Cisco Devices. Securing Administrative Access. Implementing Device Hardening. Self-Study: Building Redundant Switched Topologies. Exploring Layer 3 Redundancy. Introducing WAN Technologies. Introducing QoS. Explaining Wireless Fundamentals. Introducing Architectures and Virtualization. Examining the Security Threat Landscape. Threat Defense Technologies.

MEF Carrier Ethernet training course description The course progresses from a overview of the Carrier Ethernet service and how it works onto looking at the concepts in depth. Service attributes and management follow with the course finishing with studies of practical Carrier Ethernet. What will you learn Discuss and understand key Carrier Ethernet Concepts. Understand tasks related to designing, deploying and maintaining a Carrier Ethernet network. Offer effective solutions to implementing a Carrier Ethernet enterprise network given available customer resources and requirements. Carry out informed discussions using industry Carrier Ethernet 'vocabulary. Pass the MEF CECP 2.0 professional accreditation exam. MEF Carrier Ethernet training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with Carrier Ethernet Prerequisites: The course attendees need to be conversant with data networks, as well as Ethernet and IP technologies. Duration 5 days MEF Carrier Ethernet training course contents Section One: Introduction to Carrier Ethernet Introduction to Carrier Ethernet: What is Carrier Ethernet? Evolution, advantages, The MEF, MEF specifications; UNI, EVC, OVC, EPL/EVPL, EP-LAN/ EVP-LAN, EP-Tree/EVP-Tree, etc, overview. How Carrier Ethernet Works: Service Frame Handling. Carrier Ethernet at Customer Premises, metro and core. Carrier Ethernet Workings, UNI attributes, Service Attributes (EVC and EVC per UNI attributes), Bandwidth Profiles, service multiplexing, L2 protocol processing; Carrier Ethernet equipment, CPE, aggregation and homing nodes, core equipment; management systems. The Setting Up of a Carrier Ethernet Service: Step 1: Choose service type, EPL/EVPL, EP-LAN/EVP-LAN, EPTree/EVP-Tree, EVLine...; Step 2: CPE tasks, UNI-C tasks (UNI attributes, service attributes (EVC and EVC per UNI) and bandwidth profiles), UNI-N tasks (L2 protocol handling). Step 3: Non-CPE tasks, Access, metro and core connections set up. Section Two: Carrier Ethernet Concepts in depth Carrier Ethernet Definitions in Depth: UNI, UNI I & II, UNI-N and UNI-C, etc.; NNI/ENNI; EVC; OVC, OVC type (P2P, M2M, Rooted MP), OVC end point (root, leaf, trunk), OVC end point map, OVC end point bundling; Service types in detail, EPL/EVPL, EP-LAN/EVP-LAN, EP-Tree/EVP-Tree, EVLine, Access EPL, Access EVPL . Carrier Ethernet Service Frame Handling: Unicast, multicast and broadcast frame delivery, Tagged, untagged and priority; Tagging, C and S-Tags, 802.3, 802.1d, 802.1q, 802.1ad, 802.1ah evolution, VLAN ID translation/preservation. CoS preservation. Other Key Carrier Ethernet Concepts: MTU, MTU at UNI, MTU at ENNI; Physical Layer Attributes, FE, GbE and 10GbE, Service Multiplexing and Bundling Concept and detail, rules and implications; Hairpin Switching Managing Bandwidth in a Carrier Ethernet Network: Token Bucket Algorithm, EIR, CIR, CBS, EBS, Coupling Flag; Frame Colors, recoloring, Color Awareness attribute, Color Forwarding; Bandwidth Profiles, rules and concepts. MEF CoS identifiers, DEI bit (in S-Tag), PCP bit (in C-Tag or S-Tag), or DSCP (in IP header), Multiflow bandwidth concepts; CoS Label/Color Identification. Section Three: Carrier Ethernet Service Attributes Overview: Carrier Ethernet 2.0; Blueprint C Service Attributes: Per UNI, Physical interfaces, Frame format, Ingress/egress Bandwidth Profiles, CEVLAN ID/EVC Map, UNI protection. EVC per UNI, Ingress/egress Bandwidth Profiles, etc.; Per EVC, CEVLAN ID Preservation, CoS ID Preservation, Relationship between SLA and SLP, Class of Service, etc. OVC, ENNI, OVC End Point per UNI and OVC End Point per ENNI, Ingress/egress bandwidth profiles, etc. Section Four: Managing Carrier Ethernet Networks Overview: MEF Service Lifecycle.Carrier Ethernet maintenance: Port, Link & NE failure, Service Protection Technologies, Fault Identification and Recovery, LAG, Active/Standby EVC, Single EVC with transport protection, G.8031, G.8032, MPLS FRR. SOAMs: Connectivity fault management, connectivity Monitoring, Loopback, Linktrace; Performance Management, Frame Delay, Inter Frame Delay Variation, Availability, Frame Loss Ratio, Resiliency, HLI, DMM, DMR, SLM, SLR; Key Concepts, Single vs dual ended, ordered UNI pair calculations. LOAMs: Link discovery, link monitoring, etc. Terminology and Concepts: MEG levels, MIPs. Section Five: Practical Carrier Ethernet Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies:Layer 1: SDH. Layer 2: Bridging, provider bridging, PBB, PBBTE. Layer 2.5: MPLS VPWS, MPLS VPLS, MPLS-TP. Carrier Ethernet Access Technologies: fiber, SDH, active fiber, PON, GPON, 10G PON, OTN, WDM; copper, PDH, G-SDSL, 10Pass-TS, HFC; packet radio. Optimising mobile backhaul with Carrier Ethernet Key challenges solutions: Market pressure, LTE evolution, elements and architecture (RAN BS, NC, GWIF.), synchronization, bandwidth management. Circuit Emulation over Ethernet: Purpose, needs and applications. Synchronization: Phased, ToD, External Reference source, SynchE ,NTP, IEEE-1588 v2/ PTP, ACR; MEF Service Definitions for emulated circuits. Applying what you know: Practical examples and scenarios, Carrier Ethernet solutions; Practice Scenarios, Given a scenario, determine appropriate Ethernet services