The Level 1 Certificate in Motor Vehicle Studies is designed to encourage and enable learners who have an interest in this area of study to acquire knowledge and skills to aid progression to further study or employment.
About this Training Course Well interventions have a large opportunity to enhance well production if correctly designed and implemented. Conversely, they can have a large negative impact on production if they're not. The Well Intervention & Productivity School (WIPS) is designed to help well intervention specialists, well service supervisors, and petroleum engineers become more aware of the problems that can arise in the planning and execution of well interventions. This 5 full-day course is designed to make those that attend aware of how their job can directly impact the productivity. Early identification of problems in wells and effective interventions to fix problems can have a significant impact by minimising lost oil through formation damage and non productive time. As well as discussing best practice, time will be made available for discussion relating to specific problems that may be affecting fields operated by members of the class. The course is a mixture of informal teaching and lectures. In addition, group exercises are used to reinforce the subjects covered during the lectures. This encourages cross discipline awareness, communication and motivates team building. The course has recently been updated in the areas of Subsea and HPHT interventions. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives Upon completion of this course, the participants will be able to: Identify the main reasons for performing well interventions. Identify the main formation damage mechanisms and understand how to prevent them. Improve your knowledge and understanding of well barriers. Improve your knowledge of pumping and stimulation operations. Improve your knowledge of wireline, coiled tubing and hydraulic workover operations. Target Audience The course is aimed at all engineers and contractors involved in the planning and execution of well interventions. This is a school where engineers and supervisors can hone their skills, especially at a time when increased production is a high priority. In the past, course attendees have been a mix of Petroleum engineers, Well Intervention engineers, Reservoir and Drilling engineers, Production Operators, Wellsite supervisors, as well as Geologists. In recent years, delegates have come from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds. Experience before coming on the course has varied from no field experience and no experience of planning and programming well interventions through to many years working in well interventions. In order to be able to best adapt the course to the delegates expectations, you will be required to submit a pre-course questionnaire upon submission of your registration. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader has over 40 years in the oil industry. During that time, he has worked exclusively in well intervention and completions. After a number of years working for intervention service companies (mostly slickline), he joined BP as an offshore well service supervisor. He was responsible for the day-to-day supervision of well intervention work on many of BP's North Sea platforms and subsea wells. This included coil tubing, e-line, slickline, stimulation and well test operations. An office-based role as a well operations engineer followed. He was responsible for planning, programming and organising of all the well intervention work on the Bruce and later the Magnus fields. In 1995, he moved into completion design. Since then, he has designed many platform and sub-sea completions, often travelling to the rig site to oversee the installation. In addition to his day-to-day work as a completion engineer, he regularly teaches completion and well intervention courses all over the world. He is also the author of the book, Well Control for Completions and Interventions, Gulf Publishing - April 2018. He has also appeared as an expert witness ant the International Court of Arbitration. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations
Providing evidence-based knowledge across five major areas, NASM’s revolutionary Certified Wellness Coach course dives into unique systematic processes to guide, support, and motivate clients to make lasting lifestyle changes. Through movement (fitness), nutrition, mental and emotional wellbeing, recovery and regeneration, and coaching, NASM’s Certified Wellness Coach course teaches you to help clients achieve positive behavior change with long-term values. This immersive health and wellness coach experience empowers you to apply a holistic approach to wellness in a variety of real-world scenarios. With actionable guidance from experts, this innovative platform creates an instructional environment that’s fun, engaging, and unique for your future as a health and wellness coach. From podcast-style interviews to a coaching simulation that helps you visualize potential client hurdles, you’ll get a thorough understanding of what’s needed to meet your clients’ goals alongside them. Guide your clients through whole-body practices as you work to create that wellness experience they are looking for.
Has the Computer System Validation Engineer left and you’ve been handed their responsibilities? Do the thoughts of your next audit fill you with dread? CSV can be frustrating but this program will show you how to manage electronic data in a regulated manufacturing/laboratory/clinical environment using the GAMP framework and ensure compliance with FDA’s 21 CFR Part 11, EU Annex 11 or other regulatory guidelines.
The Level 1 Award in Motor Vehicle Studies is designed to encourage and enable learners who have an interest in this area of study to acquire knowledge and skills to aid progression to further study or employment.
Enhance your drilling skills with our Directional, Horizontal, and Multilateral Drilling Simulator Assisted course. Join EnergyEdge for comprehensive training.
About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) Conducted in an interactive manner, Exploration Project Management will include presentations by the course leader, syndicate and plenary exercises, and (optional) assessment of selected participants' projects. Industry case studies will be integrated into all the presentations. The course material will include a course manual (handout) and a course workbook (for exercises). Participants are requested to bring a mini-poster (two PowerPoint slides) as background material for discussion during the course. Training Objectives By the end of this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT), participants will be able to: Improve the evaluation, execution and delivery of exploration projects, measured in terms of successful bids for new acreage, increased success rate and volume delivery from exploration drilling, and more rapid progress in appraisal of discoveries. Describe concepts, simple processes, workflows and analysis tools for project execution. Tools include the expert course leader's proprietary project management framework, including project framing and after-action review methodologies, templates for strategy development, decision trees, decision quality frameworks. They also include customised Excel spreadsheets for portfolio modelling, project risk assessment (in new ventures and prospect maturation) and business planning. Understand their role in (a) delivering the company's strategy, (b) contributing data and assessments to key exploration decision makers, and (c) communicating project progress and results to senior management. Target Audience The Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) is aimed at exploration professionals with more than 5 to 10 years of experience in the business, who would like to develop their skills for managing exploration projects and presenting the goals and results of their project work to senior management. Exploration and engineering professionals who work in exploration project teams, across the spectrum from new ventures (exploration business development), prospect identification and maturation, and appraisal of discoveries Exploration project leaders Exploration managers The VILT will also benefit professionals from well engineering, petroleum engineering, finance and planning who support exploration activities. Participants are requested to bring a mini-poster (two PowerPoint slides, each printed on A3 paper) as background material for discussion during the course. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader draws on more than 35 years of experience managing, reviewing and directing projects in all aspects of the exploration business: from exploration business development (new ventures), through prospect maturation and drilling, to the appraisal of discoveries. He has more than 30 years' experience with Shell International, followed by 10 years consulting to NOCs in Asia Pacific, Africa and South America and independent oil companies in the United Kingdom, continental Europe and North America. Other than delivering industry training, he has worked on projects for oil & gas companies of all sizes, including independents, national oil companies and (super)-majors, private equity firms, hedge funds and investment banks, and leading management consulting firms. He is an alumnus of Cambridge University. He has M.A and Ph.D. degrees in geology and is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London as well as a respected speaker on management panels at international conferences. Professional Experience Management consultancy & executive education: Advice to investment banks, businesses and major consulting firms. Specialist expertise in upstream oil & gas, with in depth experience in exploration strategy, portfolio valuation and risk assessment. Leadership: Managed and led teams and departments ranging from 3 - 60 in size. Provided technical leadership to a cadre of 800 explorationists in Shell worldwide. Member of the 12-person VP team leading global exploration in Shell, a $3 bln p.a. business and recognised as the most effective and successful among its industry peers. Accountability & decision-making: Accountable for bottom-line results: in a range of successful exploration ventures with budgets ranging from $10's million to $100's million. Made, or contributed to, complex business decisions / investments, taking into account strategic, technical, commercial, organisational and political considerations. Corporate governance: Served as non-executive director on the Boards of the South Rub al Khali Company (oversight of gas exploration studies and drilling in Saudi Arabia) and SEAPOS B.V. (exploration deep-water drilling and facilities management). Technical & operations: Skilled in exploration opportunity evaluation, the technical de risking of prospects, portfolio analysis and managing the interface between exploration and well engineering activities. Unparalleled knowledge of the oil and gas basins of the world, and of different operating regimes and contractual structures, ranging from Alaska, Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, through to the Middle East, former Soviet Union, Far East and Australia. Safety: Following an unsatisfactory audit, became accountable for safety performance in Shell's exploration new ventures. Through personal advocacy and leadership of a small team, delivered pragmatic and effective HSE systems, tools and staff training / engagement and a dramatically improved safety record. R&D: Experience in the 3 key roles in R&D: scientific researcher, research manager, and 'customer' for R&D products. After re-defining Shell's exploration R&D strategy, led the re-structuring of the R&D organization, its interface with 'the business' and approaches to deployment and commercialization. Strategy: Accomplished at formulating competitive strategies in business, R&D and technology deployment, translating them into actionable tactics and results. Defined the exploration strategy of PDO (a Shell subsidiary in Oman) and latterly of Shell's global exploration programme. Professional education, behavioural/motivational coaching: Experienced in organisational re-design, change management, leadership education and talent development. Commercial skills: Personally negotiated drilling compensation claims, educational contracts and E&P contracts, with values of $5 million to $100+ million. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations
About this Training Course This 5 full-day course provides a comprehensive understanding of all the maintenance, inspection, diagnostics, testing, troubleshooting, refurbishment, and protective systems of all key electrical equipment including: transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries. It will cover in detail all the inspection methods and tests required to identify faults and deficiencies in electrical equipment, as well as, the repair techniques and available refurbishment methods. The course will also cover the activities required to commission this equipment and it will also cover all protective systems associated with this equipment. The objective of the seminar is to maximize the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of this type of equipment by providing an understanding of the common problems and repair techniques, preventive and predictive maintenance. Training Objectives Electrical Equipment Testing and Maintenance: Gain a thorough understanding of all the testing and maintenance required for all key electrical equipment including transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Electrical Equipment Inspection and Diagnostics: Learn about the inspection and diagnostics required for all the components of transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Electrical Equipment Troubleshooting: Determine all the troubleshooting activities required to minimize the downtime and operating cost of transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Electrical Equipment Online Condition Monitoring: Learn about online condition monitoring of transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Electrical Equipment Repair and Refurbishment: Obtain a detailed understanding of the various methods used to repair and refurbish transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Efficiency, Reliability, and Longevity: Learn the various methods used to maximize the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Rotating Equipment Vibration Analysis and Balancing Methods: Learn about vibration analysis and balancing methods of motors and generators. Electrical Equipment Codes and Standards: Learn all the codes and standards applicable for transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Equipment Causes and Modes of Failure: Understand the causes and modes of failure of transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Generator Upgrades and Rewinds: Learn the various methods used to upgrade and rewind a generator Protective Systems: Obtain a detailed understanding of all protective systems required for transformers, inverters, rectifiers, switchgear and circuit breakers, relays and protective devices, cables and accessories, motors, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power systems, generators, fuses, and industrial batteries Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals (this course is suitable for individuals who do not have an electrical background) Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: The relevant material of the 'ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK' published by McGraw-Hill in 2003 (600 pages) Electrical Equipment Maintenance, inspection, diagnostics, testing, troubleshooting, refurbishment, and protective systems Manual (500 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations
Simply speaking, Life Coaching is about raising awareness of how we can move from A to B. Sometimes we don't know what place B is, and we can use Coaching to gain clarity on what B looks and feels like. Life Coaching is non-directive, which means as a Coach, I help you to unlock your potential rather than tell you what to do. The experience creates a space for accountability and motivation to take positive action. My role as your Holistic Coach is to provide you with a safe space for you to ground, explore & embrace your emotions, claim your personal power to design & live your dream life.
About this training course This 5 full-day course provides a comprehensive understanding of all the commissioning and start-up activities of all electrical equipment including transformers, switchgear, induction and synchronous motors, generators and auxiliaries. All commissioning activities are covered in detail in this course. This includes all the commissioning procedures and documents, purpose of commissioning, responsibilities, system description, documentation, testing and commissioning schedules, test reports, safety, certification, and plant completion report. The course provides also a thorough understanding of all the commissioning requirements for transformers, switchgear, induction and synchronous motors and, generator and auxiliaries including its switchgear equipment, switchgear, and transformers. All the stages of the commissioning procedure are covered in-depth in this course. This includes preparation - planning various activities, pre-commissioning checks and tests, typical commissioning schedule, detailed tests and commissioning procedures for every type of transformers, switchgear, induction and synchronous motors, and generators and auxiliary systems, instrumentation, trial run of the equipment, safety and precautions, commissioning of electrical systems, Safety Rules Clearance Certificates, procedure for the control and handling of defects, Commissioning Reports. This course is a MUST for anyone who is involved in the pre-commissioning or commissioning of any electrical equipment because it provides detailed pre-commissioning checks and tests and detailed tests and commissioning procedures for every electrical equipment. In addition, the course provides in-depth coverage of all preparation, planning activities, commissioning schedules, trial run of each electrical equipment, safety and precautions, Safety Rules Clearance Certificates, Procedures for handling defects, and Commissioning Reports. Training Objectives Pre-Commissioning Checks and Tests, Detailed Tests and Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for all Electrical Equipment: Gain a thorough understanding of all pre-commissioning checks and tests, and all commissioning procedures and instructions for all electrical equipment Commissioning Procedures, Documents, and Certification of Electrical Equipment: Discover the benefits of the Commissioning Management System of electrical equipment including all commissioning procedures and documents, purpose of commissioning, responsibilities, system description, documentation, testing and commissioning schedules, test reports, safety, equipment certification, and commissioning completion report Commissioning Procedures for Transformers: Learn about the commissioning procedures for transformers including functional checks, pre-commissioning tests, commissioning tests, and records. Commissioning Procedures for Switchgear Assemblies: Gain a thorough understanding of all the commissioning procedures for switchgear assemblies including substation commissioning, electrical testing, code requirements, safety rules, grounding and shorting, high power testing, NETA acceptance testing procedures, test values analysis, and commissioning forms Commissioning Procedures for Generator and Auxiliaries: Discover all the commissioning procedures for generator and auxiliaries including generator, seal oil system, hydrogen gas system, stator water system, rolling and payment of generator Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Generator Electrical Equipment: Learn about all the commissioning procedures and instructions for generator electrical equipment including switchyard equipment, switchgear, transformers, and motors Code Requirements for Commissioning Electrical Equipment and Systems: Learn about the code requirements for commissioning transformers, switchgear, inductions and synchronous motors, and generators and auxiliaries Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: 'ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK' published by McGraw-Hill in 2003 (600 pages) ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT COMMISSIONING MANUAL (includes practical information about all pre-commissioning checks and tests, typical commissioning schedule, detailed tests and commissioning procedures and instructions for all electrical equipment - 500 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations