3545 Edge courses in Cardiff delivered Online

The B2B Business Development Course is designed to equip you with the essential knowledge and skills required to excel in business-to-business sales and strategy. In today’s competitive environment, understanding how to navigate complex sales processes and build lasting relationships with other businesses is critical. This course dives deep into the nuances of B2B business development, from understanding market dynamics to mastering negotiation techniques. Whether you are new to the field or looking to refine your approach, this course will give you the insights needed to boost your success rate and expand your professional reach. Throughout the course, you will explore key aspects such as identifying potential clients, building effective communication strategies, and crafting proposals that stand out. The course also touches on the art of networking, offering practical advice on how to leverage your connections to grow your business. By the end of your studies, you will be prepared to take on business development challenges with confidence, making informed decisions that contribute to the long-term success of your organisation. It’s a course for those serious about mastering the strategies behind B2B growth and ensuring lasting business partnerships. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Business Development Module 02: Fundamentals of B2B Sales and Marketing Module 03: The B2B Buyer Module 04: B2B Marketing Strategy Module 05: Sales and Marketing Alignment Module 06: Forming a B2B Sales Team Module 07: Generating B2B Leads Module 08: B2B Sales Techniques Module 09: B2B Sales Management Module 10: B2B Business Development Strategies Learning Outcomes: Understand B2B buyer psychology. Craft a strategic B2B marketing plan. Align sales and marketing for synergy. Create and manage an efficient sales team. Master lead generation techniques. Develop effective B2B sales and business growth strategies. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Sales professionals seeking B2B expertise. Marketing experts exploring B2B marketing. Business owners and entrepreneurs. Aspiring B2B sales managers. Individuals in product or service sales. Those aiming to excel in B2B roles. Career changers to B2B domains. Anyone eager to thrive in B2B business. Career path B2B Sales Representative. B2B Marketing Manager. B2B Account Executive. Business Development Manager. Sales Team Leader. B2B Marketing Specialist. Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Food isn’t just about taste — it’s a fine balance of science, safety, and smart processes. This course offers a deep dive into the essentials of food technology and the methods used to turn raw ingredients into the products found on supermarket shelves. You’ll explore how technology supports preservation, packaging, and processing — all while ensuring quality, hygiene, and industry standards are met. From microbial considerations to shelf-life strategies, every module is designed to sharpen your understanding of the sector’s inner workings. Ideal for those curious about what goes on behind the scenes in food manufacturing, this learning journey covers both traditional and contemporary techniques — without the fluff or fancy jargon. Whether you're aiming to enrich your knowledge for professional growth or simply fascinated by the mechanics of food production, this online course brings you the theory, terminology, and insights needed to confidently navigate the field. No apron required — just a good internet connection and a hunger for knowledge. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum of Food Technology and Food Processing Techniques Module 01 : Introduction to Food Technology Module 02 : Food Chemistry Module 03 : Food Biotechnology Module 04 : Food Microbiology Module 05 : Food Processing Techniques Part-1 Module 06 : Food Processing Techniques Part-2 Module 07 : Food Packaging and Sustainability Learning Outcomes: Analyze food compositions for optimal processing efficiency. Apply biotechnological methods for food production enhancement. Evaluate microbial impacts on food safety and preservation techniques. Demonstrate proficiency in various food processing techniques. Implement sustainable packaging solutions in food industry practices. Comprehend the broader implications of food technology on environmental sustainability. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Professionals transitioning to remote work. Individuals seeking to enhance virtual collaboration skills. Remote employees looking to boost productivity. Freelancers and independent contractors. Managers overseeing remote teams. Students preparing for a virtual work landscape. Entrepreneurs building virtual businesses. Anyone eager to excel in remote work scenarios. Career path Remote Team Manager Virtual Project Coordinator Freelance Consultant Online Business Owner Virtual Communication Specialist Remote Productivity Coach Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Looking to sharpen your ears and fine-tune your fingers? Our Basic Transcription Skills Training Course is your ideal online learning companion, tailored for those keen to master the core techniques of professional transcription. Whether you’re eyeing a freelance role, remote support job, or simply adding a useful skill to your digital toolkit, this course guides you step-by-step through the essentials of accurate and efficient audio-to-text work — all from the comfort of your own screen. Expect a no-fluff approach: clear lessons, expert tips, and audio examples that help you build a sharp ear for detail and a keen eye for punctuation. You’ll gain confidence in handling different accents, formatting transcripts cleanly, and working with common transcription tools. No jargon. No filler. Just a smart, focused course built to make your fingers fly and your transcripts shine — all while keeping things refreshingly human. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Transcription Module 02: Basic Transcription Techniques Module 03: Advanced Transcription Techniques Module 04: Grammar and Punctuation in Transcription Module 05: Transcription Specializations Module 06: Building a Successful Transcription Career Learning Outcomes: Acquire foundational knowledge and techniques. Implement basic transcription skills effectively. Apply advanced techniques for accurate transcription. Demonstrate proficiency in grammar and punctuation. Identify and excel in transcription specializations. Strategize and embark on a successful transcription career. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Aspiring Transcriptionists looking to build a solid foundation. Language Enthusiasts keen on honing their transcription skills. Students seeking a lucrative career in transcription. Professionals aiming to diversify their skillset. Writers and Editors interested in transcription as an additional skill. Anyone desiring to work from home or on a freelance basis. Individuals seeking a flexible and in-demand job opportunity. Career-changers looking for a promising path. Career path Medical Transcriptionist in Hospitals or Clinics Legal Transcriptionist in Law Firms or Courts Media Transcriptionist in Broadcasting Companies Academic Transcriptionist in Educational Institutions Conference Transcriptionist for Events and Conferences Captioning and Subtitling Specialist for Media Companies Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Supporting the mental health of children requires sensitivity, knowledge, and a genuine understanding of young minds. This course is designed to equip aspiring Child Mental Health Support Workers with essential insights into recognising emotional and behavioural challenges in children. You will explore key theories, communication techniques, and strategies to support children experiencing a range of mental health difficulties, all delivered through flexible online learning. Whether you aim to work in education, healthcare, or community settings, this course offers a solid foundation to understand the complexities of child mental wellbeing. Through clear, accessible modules, you will delve into topics such as developmental psychology, common childhood disorders, and effective support approaches. Alongside developing a confident understanding of how to respond appropriately, you will also learn about safeguarding principles and the importance of sensitive engagement. Perfect for those looking to make a meaningful difference, this course balances professionalism with approachability, making it a valuable addition to your career toolkit. Key Features of Child Mental Health Support Worker Course Accredited by CPD Instant e-certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Child Mental Health Support Worker Curriculum Module 01: Factors That Influence Development Module 02: Cognitive Development Module 03: Social and Emotional Development Module 04: Personality and Intellectual Development in Children Module 05: Attachment and Relationship Building in Childhood Module 06: Keeping Children Healthy & Safe Module 07: Child Abuse Module 08: Risks and Risk Assessment Module 09: Child Nutrition Requirements Module 10: Children with Special Needs Course Assessment You will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test upon completing an online module. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Certificate Once you've successfully completed your Child Mental Health Support Worker course, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? The Child Mental Health Support Worker training is ideal for highly motivated individuals or teams who want to enhance their skills and efficiently skilled employees. Note: This course doesn't provide professional qualifications. To get professional qualification you can take: RQF Mental Health Awareness NVQ Level 3 Mental Health Level 2 Certificate in Mental Health Awareness (RQF) Level 3 Certificate in Understanding Mental Health (RQF) NCFE CACHE Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Mental Health First Aid and Mental Health Advocacy in the Workplace CMI Level 7 Award in Strategic Approaches to Mental Health and Wellbeing Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path Mental Health Support Worker Social Work Assistant Mental Health Nurse Clinical Psychologist Certificates Certificate of completion (Hardcopy) Hard copy certificate - Included Certificate of completion (PDF) Digital certificate - Included

From managing staff disputes to keeping hiring processes sharp and fair, Human Resources isn’t just about paperwork — it’s the engine room of every organisation. Our Human Resources Courses - CPD Certified are designed for those who want to sharpen their knowledge and confidently handle everything from recruitment to staff wellbeing, employment law to performance reviews — all without fluff or filler. It’s HR knowledge with purpose, delivered in plain English and without the corporate waffle. Whether you're already working in HR or simply curious about how modern workplaces really function behind the scenes, this course covers what matters. It's straightforward, flexible and built to give you confidence in HR policies, systems and strategies — all online, all at your pace. You’ll walk away understanding what makes HR effective, respected, and essential — no buzzwords, no nonsense. This bundle includes the following courses: Course 01: HR (Human Resource) Course 02: UK Employment Law Course 03: Pension Course 04: Leadership and Management Diploma Course 05: GDPR Training Course Course 06: Strategic Planning and Analysis for Marketing Course 07: People Management Skills For Supervisor Course 08: Life Coaching Key Features of the HR Course : Instant e-certificate Fully online, interactive course with audio voiceover Developed by qualified professionals in the field Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases *** (Offer Ends Soon) *** Course Curriculum 01 The detailed curriculum outline of our HR (Human Resource) course is as follows: Module 01: Introduction to Human Resources Module 02: An Overview of the Recruitment Industry Module 03: The UK Recruitment Legislation Module 04: The Recruitment Process Module 05: Negotiation Techniques Module 06: Key Performance Indicators for the Recruitment Industry Module 07: Employee Training and Development Process Module 08: Candidate Management Module 09: Candidate Interview Processes Module 10: Managing Meetings and Giving Feedback Module 11: Performance Appraisal Management Module 12: Employee Relations Module 13: Motivation and Counselling Module 14: Ensuring Health and Safety at the Workplace Module 15: Employer Records and Statistics Module 16: Conflict Management Module 17: Employee Termination Module 18: Organisational Skills Module 19: Communication Skills Module 20: Stress Management Module 21: Time Management Course Curriculum 02 The detailed curriculum outline of our UK Employment Law course is as follows: Module 01: Basics of Employment Law Module 02: Legal Recruitment Process Module 03: Employment Contracts Module 04: Employee Handbook Module 05: Disciplinary Procedure Module 06: National Minimum Wage & National Living Wage Module 07: Parental Right, Sick Pay & Pension Scheme Module 08: Discrimination in the Workplace Module 09: Health & Safety at Work Module 10: Dismissal, Grievances and Employment Tribunals Module 11: Workplace Monitoring & Data Protection Course Curriculum 03 The detailed curriculum outline of our Pension course is as follows: Module 01: Overview of the UK Pension system Module 02: Type of Pension Schemes Module 03: Pension Regulation Module 04: Pension Fund Governance Module 05: Law and Regulation of Pensions in the UK Module 06: Key Challenges in UK Pension System Course Curriculum 04 The detailed curriculum outline of our Leadership and Management Diploma course is as follows: Module 01: Understanding Management and Leadership Module 02: Leadership Theories Module 03: Improving Management and Leadership Performance Module 04: High Performance Teams Module 05: Motivating Employees Module 06: Organisational Skills Module 07: Talent Management Module 08: Succession Planning Module 09: Business Process Management Module 10: Communication Skills Module 11: Negotiation Techniques Module 12: Managing Meetings and Giving Feedback Module 13: Managing Change Module 14: Time Management Module 15: Stress Management Module 16: Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Module 17: Managing Conflict Module 18: Dealing with Office Politics Module 19: Risk Management Module 20: Corporate Responsibility and Ethics Module 21:Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint Course Curriculum 05 The detailed curriculum outline of our GDPR Training course is as follows: Module 01: GDPR Basics Module 02: GDPR Explained Module 03: Lawful Basis for Preparation Module 04: Rights and Breaches Module 05: Responsibilities and Obligations Module 06: Ethical and Social Issues and Data Protection Course Curriculum 06 The detailed curriculum outline of our Strategic Planning and Analysis for Marketing course is as follows: Module 01: An Introduction to Strategic Planning Module 02: Development of a Strategic Plan Module 03: Strategic Planning for Marketing Module 04: Strategic and Marketing Analysis Module 05: Internal Analysis Module 06: External Analysis Module 07: Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Module 08: Approaches to Customer Analysis Module 09: Approaches to Competitor Analysis Course Curriculum 07 The detailed curriculum outline of our People Management Skills For Supervisor course is as follows: Module 01: Introduction to Leadership Module 02: Inspiration and Leadership Module 03: Setting Goals and Time Management Module 04: Body Language and Effective Communication Module 05: Self Esteem and Assertiveness Skills Module 06: Business Management Corporate Behaviour Module 07: Meeting Management Module 08: Project Management Module 09: Risk Management Module 10: Team Work Team Building Module 11: Performance Management Module 12: Critical Thinking Implications for Leadership Course Curriculum 08 The detailed curriculum outline of our Life Coaching course is as follows: Module 01: Life Coaching: The Purpose and Fundamentals Module 02: Develop Your Self-Awareness Module 03: The Development of Core Beliefs and Managing Fears Module 04: Life Coaching Types and Key Attributes of a Life Coach Module 05: Understanding Emotional Intelligence Module 06: Body Language and Communication Techniques Module 07: A Structure for Client Work and Goal Setting Module 08: Basic Principles for Business Development and Growth Module 09: The Ethical Coach: Protect Yourself and Your Clients Learning Outcomes: Understand the role and responsibilities of HR human resources in an organisation Apply UK employment law principles to various HR human resource scenarios Manage pension schemes and benefits for employees Develop leadership and management skills to motivate and inspire teams Comply with GDPR regulations and protect personal data Plan and analyse marketing strategies to achieve organisational goals Accreditation All of our courses, including this (HR) human resources, are fully accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certification Once you've successfully completed your (HR) human resources, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months. Assessment At the end of the course, there will be an online assessment, which you will need to pass to complete the course. Answers are marked instantly and automatically, allowing you to know straight away whether you have passed. If you haven't, there's no limit on the number of times you can take the final exam. All this is included in the one-time fee you paid for the course itself. Who is this course for? This (HR) Human Resources Course can be taken by anyone who wants to understand more about the topic. With the aid of this course, you will be able to grasp the fundamental knowledge and ideas. Additionally, this (HR) Human Resources Course is ideal for: Aspiring or current HR human resource professionals Managers or supervisors who deal with HR human resource issues Business owners or entrepreneurs who want to improve HR human resource practices Anyone interested in learning about UK employment law and GDPR Anyone who wants to enhance their leadership and management skills Anyone who wants to learn about strategic marketing and planning Requirements Learners do not require any prior qualifications to enrol on this (HR) Human Resources Course. You just need to have an interest in (HR) Human Resources. Career path After completing this (HR) Human Resources Course you will have a variety of careers to choose from. The following job sectors of (HR) Human Resources are: HR Manager HR Advisor HR Officer Employment Law Consultant Marketing Manager Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Join us for an enlightening webinar featuring distinguished experts from UCLH NHS Foundation Trust’s National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square London, and Sheffield Thornbury Radiosurgery Centre, Sheffield. This webinar is your gateway to invaluable insights into the world of Vestibular Schwannomas management, equipped with an introduction to cutting-edge Gamma Knife Radiological techniques, planning, and applications.

If data is the new oil, then coding is your refinery. Whether you're exploring the depths of machine learning or navigating databases with ease, this course sharpens your edge in the competitive world of data science. With a sharp focus on three industry-leading languages—Python, JavaScript, and Microsoft SQL—you’ll build the solid foundations needed to analyse, automate, and query data confidently. From writing clean scripts to crafting smart SQL queries, you’ll develop the mindset to speak fluently in the language of data. Delivered entirely online, the course keeps your learning agile and accessible. Python lays the groundwork for analysis and automation, JavaScript helps in data visualisation and interaction, and SQL ensures you can command databases without blinking. It's not about ticking boxes—it’s about building fluency in what matters. Whether you're upskilling or aiming for a sharper digital edge, this course speaks directly to future-focused learners ready to code with purpose. Expert Support Dedicated tutor support and 24/7 customer support are available to all students with this premium quality course. Key Benefits Learning materials of the Design course contain engaging voiceover and visual elements for your comfort. Get 24/7 access to all content for a full year. Each of our students gets full tutor support on weekdays (Monday to Friday) Course Curriculum: JavaScript Section 01: Introduction Section 02: Basics Section 03: Operators Section 04: Conditional Statements Section 05: Control Flow Statements Section 06: Functions Section 07: Error Handling Section 08: Client-Side Validations Python Section 09: Introduction Section 10: Basic Section 11: Strings Section 12: Operators Section 13: Data Structures Section 14: Conditional Statements Section 15: control flow statements Section 16: core games Section 17: functions Section 18: args, KW args for Data Science Section 19: project Section 20: Object oriented programming [OOPs] Section 21: Methods Section 22: Class and Objects Section 23: Inheritance and Polymorphism Section 24: Encapsulation and Abstraction Section 25: OOPs Games Section 26: Modules and Packages Section 27: Error Handling Microsoft SQL Section 28: Introduction Section 29: Statements Section 30: Filtering Data Section 31: Functions Section 32: Joins Section 33: Advanced commands Section 34: Structure and Keys Section 35: Queries Section 36: Structure queries Section 37: Constraints Section 38: Backup and Restore Course Assessment To simplify the procedure of evaluation and accreditation for learners, we provide an automated assessment system. Upon completion of an online module, you will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test. The results will be evaluated instantly, and the score will be displayed for your perusal. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. When all tests have been successfully passed, you will be able to order a certificate endorsed by the Quality Licence Scheme. Exam & Retakes: It is to inform our learners that the initial exam for this online course is provided at no additional cost. In the event of needing a retake, a nominal fee of £9.99 will be applicable. Certification Upon successful completion of the assessment procedure, learners can obtain their certification by placing an order and remitting a fee of £9 for PDF Certificate and £15 for the Hardcopy Certificate within the UK ( An additional £10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery). Who is this course for? This Learn Python, JavaScript, and Microsoft SQL for Data science course is designed to enhance your expertise and boost your CV. Learn key skills and gain a certificate of achievement to prove your newly-acquired knowledge. Requirements This Learn Python, JavaScript, and Microsoft SQL for Data science course is open to all, with no formal entry requirements. Career path Upon successful completion of the Learn Python, JavaScript, and Microsoft SQL for Data science Course, learners will be equipped with many indispensable skills and have the opportunity to grab.

Embark on an AI image generation journey with a comprehensive course on Midjourney, DALL-E, Leonardo, Stable Diffusion, Automatic1111, RunwayML, Adobe Firefly, BlueWillow, and more. Requirements: Computer with internet access, and a Discord account for tools like Midjourney.

This comprehensive course unlocks the boundless potential of LangChain, Pinecone, OpenAI, and LLAMA 2 LLM, guiding you from AI novice to expert. Dive into 15 different practical projects, from dynamic chatbots to data analysis tools, and cultivate a profound understanding of AI, empowering your journey into the future of language-based applications.

The Translation: Translator Mini Bundle is made for individuals ready to turn language into career currency. Whether you're planning to work in education, corporate training, content localisation, or language therapy, this bundle speaks the hiring manager’s language. With English Grammar, ESOL, TEFL, Phonics, and Speech and Language Therapy at the core, it’s a complete toolkit for language-driven professions. Translation is more than word swapping—it’s precision, fluency, and understanding. Don’t let language job listings pass you by. This bundle gives you the edge to stand out in translation agencies, online teaching platforms, NGOs, and education systems worldwide. Description English Grammar is still the foundation of professional communication. Employers in publishing, e-learning, and education all value team members with strong grammar fundamentals. Combine that with ESOL and TEFL, and you’re instantly relevant to global teaching roles, remote learning hubs, and content localisation firms. Phonics adds another dimension—particularly valuable for child-focused roles and pronunciation coaching. It’s a skill highly valued by ESOL and TEFL recruiters alike. Speech and Language Therapy broadens your employability even more. It signals that you can work not only with fluent learners but also with those who have challenges in language acquisition or pronunciation. Together, English Grammar, ESOL, TEFL, Phonics, and Speech and Language Therapy create a versatile skill stack that works across borders, industries, and demographics. If you're aiming for translator, language coach, TEFL teacher, or ESL support jobs—this bundle puts you in prime hiring territory. FAQ Q: Will this help me get a job as a translator or language coach? A: Absolutely. English Grammar, TEFL, and ESOL are key for such roles. Q: What industries value these skills? A: Education, language services, publishing, NGOs, and healthcare all need these skills. Q: Why is Speech and Language Therapy included? A: It makes you more employable in special education and speech development fields. Q: Is Phonics useful outside of school settings? A: Yes. Phonics is crucial for ESOL, TEFL, and speech improvement in adult education too. Q: Do TEFL and ESOL overlap? A: They complement each other—one covers teaching methodology, the other learner orientation. Q: Why buy this bundle? A: You get five employment-critical language skills in one cost-efficient purchase.