Course Overview The Dog Behaviour and Training course offers a comprehensive insight into canine psychology, behaviour management, and effective training techniques. Designed to build confidence and understanding, this course equips learners with the knowledge needed to address common dog behaviours and establish positive habits. Through focused modules, participants will develop skills in interpreting dog body language, managing feeding behaviours, addressing separation anxiety, and conducting training consultations. Whether supporting pet owners or advancing towards a professional role, learners will emerge with the ability to apply behavioural theories and strategies in real-world settings. By the end of the course, participants will understand how to create positive environments for dogs and promote lasting behavioural change, making them valuable assets in both domestic and professional contexts. Course Description The Dog Behaviour and Training course delves into the fascinating world of canine behaviour, offering learners a structured exploration of topics such as food aggression, appropriate greeting methods, and separation anxiety management. Learners will gain insights into interpreting dog communication signals, answering common client questions, and guiding puppy development. The course also covers consultation practices, preparing participants to engage confidently with dog owners seeking advice. Designed to foster a deep understanding of behavioural patterns, the curriculum blends theoretical frameworks with real-world applications, ensuring that learners develop a well-rounded skill set. By completing this course, individuals will strengthen their ability to assess behavioural issues, recommend appropriate training strategies, and support the welfare and development of dogs across various settings. Course Modules Module 01: Introduction Module 02: Feeding Time - Aggression and Stealing Food Module 03: The Right Way to Greet a Dog Module 04: Separation Anxiety Module 05: Dog Language - What They're Really Saying! Module 06: The Answers To 10 Popular Dog Questions You Are Likely To Be Asked Module 07: The Answers To 10 Common Puppy Training Questions That You'll Likely To Be Asked Module 08: Dog Training Consultations With Clients (See full curriculum) Who is this course for? Individuals seeking to build a deeper understanding of dog behaviour and training techniques. Professionals aiming to expand their expertise in animal behaviour consultancy or dog training services. Beginners with an interest in canine psychology and behaviour management. Dog owners wishing to enhance their relationships and communication with their pets. Animal care workers looking to broaden their knowledge for career development. Career Path Dog Behaviour Specialist Dog Trainer Animal Welfare Officer Veterinary Assistant (Behaviour Support Role) Pet Care Consultant Animal Shelter Worker Behavioural Advisor in Animal Charities
Course Overview The Positive Psychology Masterclass is designed to empower individuals with the mindset and techniques needed to cultivate a more positive, resilient, and thriving life. This engaging course introduces learners to key concepts such as building optimism, developing resilience, enhancing emotional intelligence, and fostering genuine authenticity. Through a carefully structured learning journey, participants will explore how to transform negativity, anxiety, and adversity into opportunities for growth and flourishing. Whether for personal enrichment or professional development, this course offers valuable insights that can be applied across various life domains. Upon completion, learners will be better equipped to lead more fulfilling lives, establish healthier interpersonal boundaries, and inspire positivity within their personal and professional environments. By mastering essential positivity traits and techniques, students will gain the confidence to shift from merely surviving to actively thriving, setting a strong foundation for lifelong well-being and achievement. Course Description The Positive Psychology Masterclass offers an in-depth exploration of the principles and strategies that drive positive emotional and mental well-being. Covering a wide range of transformative topics — from cultivating resilience and mastering grit to setting positive boundaries and fostering authenticity — this course encourages learners to build a robust mental framework for success. Participants will discover how to turn challenges such as negativity, frustration, and adversity into growth opportunities by applying evidence-based psychological techniques. Each section provides clear, accessible guidance, enabling learners to strengthen their positive traits and embrace a thriving mindset. Alongside conceptual understanding, students will also explore real-world applications, such as enhancing leadership effectiveness and building supportive relationships. By the end of the course, learners will have acquired a comprehensive toolkit of strategies to improve both personal satisfaction and professional achievement, making this masterclass a valuable resource for anyone seeking to lead a more positive and purpose-driven life. Course Modules Module 01: Turn Negativity Into Positivity Module 02: Turn Anxiety & Frustrations Into Positivity Module 03: Turn Surviving Into Thriving Module 04: Create A Positive Mental Aptitude Module 05: Master The Top Six Positivity Traits Module 06: Turn Adversity Into Resilience Module 07: Master Your Grit Scale Module 08: Turn Physical Dexterity Into Positive Psychology Module 09: Set Positive Boundaries Module 10: Become More Genuine And Authentic Module 11: Live Out Giving First Module 12: Detach Yourself From The End Result (See full curriculum) Who is this course for? Individuals seeking to build resilience and cultivate a positive mindset. Professionals aiming to enhance leadership and emotional intelligence skills. Beginners with an interest in psychology, self-development, or mental well-being. Life coaches, HR specialists, educators, and counsellors looking to expand their expertise. Anyone aspiring to lead a more fulfilling and authentic life. Career Path Life Coach Positive Psychology Practitioner Mental Health Support Worker Human Resources Specialist Career Development Advisor Wellness Programme Coordinator Motivational Speaker Personal Development Consultant
Javascript for Data Structures Course Overview This course, JavaScript for Data Structures, offers a comprehensive introduction to fundamental data structures using JavaScript. Learners will explore core concepts such as lists, stacks, queues, and sets, gaining a solid understanding of how data is organised and managed in programming. The course emphasises clear, logical thinking and problem-solving skills applicable to software development, data analysis, and computer science. By the end, participants will be able to implement key data structures effectively, enhancing their coding proficiency and preparing them for more advanced programming challenges or career opportunities in technology-related fields. Course Description This course delves into essential data structures within JavaScript, providing detailed coverage of lists, stacks, queues, and sets. Learners will study how these structures operate, their use cases, and how to manipulate them efficiently in code. The curriculum is designed to develop both theoretical understanding and coding ability through structured explanations and examples. Throughout the course, students will develop skills in data organisation, algorithmic thinking, and memory management principles. This knowledge is critical for writing optimised code and tackling complex computational problems in software development and data science domains. Javascript for Data Structures Curriculum Module 01: Introduction Module 02: Essential Concepts Module 03: List Data Structure Module 04: Stack Data Structure Module 05: Queue Data Structure Module 06: Set Data Structure Module 07: Final Thought (See full curriculum) Who Is This Course For? Individuals seeking to build strong foundations in data structures using JavaScript. Professionals aiming to enhance their software development skills. Beginners with an interest in programming and computer science. Students preparing for technical roles in coding or data analysis. Career Path Software Developer Front-End Developer Data Analyst Junior Programmer Computer Science Student
Home Based Childcare Course Course Overview The Home-Based Childcare Course is designed for individuals who wish to work with children in a home environment, offering key insights into child development and the responsibilities of providing care in a domestic setting. This course covers essential topics such as safeguarding, communication, behaviour management, and health and safety, all tailored to ensure learners are fully equipped to provide safe and nurturing care. By the end of the course, learners will understand the requirements for setting up and maintaining a child-focused environment, making this an ideal foundation for anyone looking to start a career in home-based childcare or enhance their current skills. Course Description This course explores the important aspects of home-based childcare, from understanding child development to managing the day-to-day tasks involved in running a childcare business from home. Topics include child protection, the importance of creating a safe and stimulating environment, and effective communication strategies with both children and parents. Learners will also gain insights into legal and ethical considerations, including key legislation and best practices for ensuring the health and safety of children under their care. Through structured modules, learners will develop a comprehensive understanding of the childcare industry, enabling them to confidently support children's growth and well-being. The course materials, including engaging content and assessments, ensure a thorough and rewarding learning experience. Home Based Childcare Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Home-Based Childcare Module 02: Understanding Child Development Module 03: Safeguarding and Protection Procedures Module 04: Creating a Safe and Stimulating Environment Module 05: Behaviour Management Strategies Module 06: Health, Safety, and First Aid Module 07: Legal and Ethical Considerations Module 08: Working with Parents and Families Module 09: Setting Up a Home-Based Childcare Business (See full curriculum) Who is this course for? Individuals seeking to pursue a career in home-based childcare. Professionals aiming to expand their skills in early years care. Beginners with an interest in child development and care. Parents or caregivers wanting to enhance their understanding of childcare. Career Path Home-Based Childcare Provider Early Years Educator Childcare Business Owner Child Protection Officer Family Support Worker
Diploma in Python Programming Course Overview The Diploma in Python Programming offers an in-depth exploration of Python, one of the most versatile and in-demand programming languages. This course is designed to provide learners with a strong foundation in Python, covering essential concepts such as data structures, functions, libraries, and file handling. Learners will gain the skills necessary to write Python code to solve real-world problems, enabling them to create applications, automate tasks, and perform data analysis. By the end of the course, learners will have the practical knowledge to use Python effectively for various programming tasks in both professional and personal settings. Course Description This comprehensive course begins with the basics of Python programming, guiding learners through essential concepts such as syntax, data types, and conditional statements. Learners will progress to more advanced topics, including file handling, data storage structures, and error handling. Key modules like the creation of user functions, working with external libraries, and implementing Python in database management provide valuable skills that can be directly applied in the workplace. This course also covers essential tools such as command prompt usage, Jupyter notebooks, and package management in Python. By the end of the course, learners will have developed the confidence and competence to apply Python across various domains, including software development, data analysis, and system automation. Diploma in Python Programming Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Python Programming Module 02: Getting Started with Python Module 03: Conditional Branching with Python Module 04: Importing External/Internal Library in Python Module 05: Project Rock Paper and Scissors Module 06: Strings Operation in Python Module 07: Date and Time in Python Module 08: File Handling, Read and Write Using Python Module 09: Data Storage Structures: Tuple, List, and Dictionary Module 10: Writing User Functions in Python Module 11: Sending Mail Module 12: Import Tricks in Python Module 13: Import Operating System and Platform Module 14: Exceptions Handling in Python Module 15: Installing Packages and Scheduling in Python Module 16: Database in Python Using SQLite Module 17: Running Programs from Command Prompt and Jupyter Notebook Module 18: Conclusion (See full curriculum) Who is this course for? Individuals seeking to develop a foundational understanding of Python programming. Professionals aiming to enhance their programming skills for career advancement. Beginners with an interest in software development, data analysis, or automation. Anyone looking to pursue a career in programming or technology. Career Path Software Developer Data Analyst Automation Engineer Python Programmer Database Administrator IT Specialist
Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is recommended for technical professionals who need to install, configure, and manage multiple security domains within their network security environment. Overview Discuss challenges associated with securing large-scale business organizations with distributed network environments. Describe the Check Point Multi-Domain Security Management solution and its benefits. Understand the components of MDSM and how they work together to help administrators manage multiple network security environments within a single management framework. Understand how to install and configure the Multi-Domain Security Management environment. Describe how to implement Management High Availability within the MDSM environment. Discuss the two types of log server options used to store logs in the Multi-Domain Security Management environment, and how they differ. Understand how to manage and view Multi-Domain activity logs in SmartConsole. Understand how to configure and implement Global Policy to manage rules for multiple domains. Identify various MDSM command line tools commonly used to retrieve information and perform configuration changes on a MDSM Server. Describe troubleshooting tools to use for addressing MDSM Server issues. Understand how VSX works and how to integrate the technology within the MDSM environment. This course provides a comprehensive understanding of the Check Point Multi-Domain Security Management solution and describes how to deploy it within the corporate network environment. Course Outline Multi-Domain Security Management MDSM Installation and Configuration MDSM Log Management Global Policy Management MDSM Troubleshooting Incorporating VSX
Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is intended for system and network administrators responsible for installation, setup, configuration, and administration of BIG-IP DNS systems. This course gives networking professionals a functional understanding of the BIG-IP DNS system as it is commonly used. The course covers configuration and ongoing management of the BIG-IP DNS system, and includes a combination of lecture, discussion, and hands-on labs. Module 1: Setting Up the BIG-IP System Introducing the BIG-IP System Initially Setting Up the BIG-IP System Archiving the BIG-IP Configuration Leveraging F5 Support Resources and Tools Provision the BIG-IP System and Confirm Network Configuration Module 2: Introducing the Domain Name System (DNS) and BIG-IP DNS Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) Reviewing the Name Resolution Process Implementing BIG-IP DNS Using DNS Resolution Diagnostic Tools Module 3: Accelerating DNS Resolution Introducing DNS Resolution with BIG-IP DNS BIG-IP DNS Resolution Decision Flow Configuring BIG-IP DNS Listeners Resolving DNS Queries in the Labs (Lab Zone Records) Load Balancing Queries to a DNS Server Pool Accelerating DNS Resolution with DNS Cache Accelerating DNS Resolution with DNS Express Introducing Wide IPs Using Other Resolution Methods with BIG-IP DNS Integrating BIG-IP DNS into Existing DNS Environments Module 4: Implementing Intelligent DNS Resolutions Introducing Intelligent DNS Resolution Identifying Physical Network Components Identifying Logical Network Components Collecting Metrics for Intelligent Resolution Configuring Data Centers Configuring a BIG-IP DNS System as a Server Configuring a BIG-IP LTM System as a Server Establishing iQuery Communication between BIG-IP Systems Configuring a Non-F5 Server Defining Links and Routers Configuring Wide IP Pools Configuring Wide IPs Managing Object Status Using the Traffic Management Shell (TMSH) Module 5: Using LDNS Probes and Metrics Introducing LDNS Probes and Metrics Types of LDNS Probes Excluding an LDNS from Probing Configuring Probe Metrics Collection Module 6: Load Balancing Intelligent DNS Resolution Introducing Load Balancing on BIG-IP DNS Using Static Load Balancing Methods Round Robin Ratio Global Availability Static Persist Other Static Load Balancing Methods Using Dynamic Load Balancing Methods Round Trip Time Completion Rate CPU Hops Least Connections Packet Rate Kilobytes per Second Other Dynamic Load Balancing Methods Virtual Server Capacity Virtual Server Score Using Quality of Service Load Balancing Persisting DNS Query Responses Configuring GSLB Load Balancing Decision Logs Using Manual Resume Using Topology Load Balancing Module 7: Monitoring Intelligent DNS Resources Exploring Monitors Configuring Monitors Assigning Monitors to Resources Monitoring Best Practices Module 8: Advanced BIG-IP DNS Topics Implementing DNSSEC Setting Limits for Resource Availability Using iRules with Wide IPs Introducing Other Wide IP Types Implementing BIG-IP DNS Sync Groups Module 9: Final Configuration Projects Final Configuration Projects
Creating safer, more aware workplaces through expert-led training covering domestic abuse, stalking, sexual harassment and safeguarding. Silver Package - CPD Accredited Our Silver Package offers a comprehensive, full-day training programme designed to equip your team with the essential knowledge and tools to address domestic abuse in the workplace. This package includes: Whole-Day Training 4 Seminars delivered in one full day or in flexible segments - comprising four expert-led seminars Topics covered: Understanding Domestic Abuse in the Workplace Understand the definitions, forms, and prevalence of domestic abuse and its direct and indirect impact on the workplace. Developing and Implementing Domestic Abuse Policies & Procedures Guidance on developing and embedding clear, effective domestic abuse policies aligned with best practice and legal responsibilities. Recognising the Signs of Abuse Guidance on developing and embedding clear, effective domestic abuse policies aligned with best practice and legal responsibilities. How to Support an Employee Build skills in approaching sensitive conversations, offering support without judgement, and connecting individuals to appropriate help. Ongoing Support – Up to 6 hours of tailored support spread over a 6-month period to help with policy implementation, staff queries, or further guidance. There are 5 CPD Credits awarded with this course. Certificates will be issued upon completion. This package is ideal for organisations seeking to build a safer, more supportive workplace culture. Please contact julie@safespaceconsultancy.org for further information or to access a FREE 30 Minute Consultation
Creating safer, more aware workplaces through expert-led training covering domestic abuse, stalking, sexual harassment and safeguarding. Delivery Format: 2 full days OR modular segments Support Included: 9 hours of consultancy over 9 months Target Audience: HR Professionals, Line Managers, Senior Leaders, Wellbeing & DEI Leads Course Overview: This comprehensive training package equips organisations with the knowledge, tools, and confidence to recognise, respond to, and reduce the impact of domestic abuse within the workplace. Designed for HR professionals, line managers, and leadership teams, the course ensures your organisation is prepared to create a safe, supportive, and legally compliant work environment. With practical tools and follow-up support, this course empowers organisations to manage risk, comply with best practice, and make a meaningful difference in the lives of their employees. Course Modules: Introduction to Domestic Abuse Understand the definitions, forms, and prevalence of domestic abuse and its direct and indirect impact on the workplace. Implementing Domestic Abuse Policy and Procedures Guidance on developing and embedding clear, effective domestic abuse policies aligned with best practice and legal responsibilities. Spotting the Signs of Domestic Abuse Learn how to identify physical, behavioural, and performance-related indicators that an employee may be experiencing abuse. How to Support an Employee Build skills in approaching sensitive conversations, offering support without judgement, and connecting individuals to appropriate help. Understanding & Reducing Risk (to Employee and Business) Assess risks to the employee and the organisation, and implement safeguarding and protective strategies. Creating a Safe and Supportive Workplace Foster a culture of openness and safety through proactive measures, workplace adjustments, and employee engagement. Reporting, Confidentiality & Safety Planning Learn best practices for safe disclosures, confidentiality, and developing workplace safety plans. Digital Resources Access a curated collection of templates, checklists, signposting tools, and further reading to support long-term implementation. Ongoing Support: Participants receive 9 hours of consultancy or coaching over 9 months to assist with implementation, case discussions, or policy refinement. Please email julie@safespaceconsultancy.org for further information and to book a FREE 30 Consultation.
Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for Experienced system administrators, system integrators, and consultants responsible for implementing and managing VMware Cloud Foundation Overview By the end of the course, you should be able to meet the following objectives: Describe design implications of VMware Cloud Foundation standard or consolidated architecture List requirements for VMware Cloud Foundation deployment Describe the VMware Cloud Foundation bring-up process and the VMware Cloud Foundation architecture Perform VMware Cloud Foundation bring-up Describe physical and virtual networking considerations Outline VMware Cloud Foundation storage options Use the VMware Imaging Appliance to image ESXi hosts Describe VMware Cloud Foundation multi-instance federation Use VMware Cloud Foundation⢠SDDC Manager⢠to perform operational tasks Describe user roles in VMware Cloud Foundation and VMware vSphere Manage users and passwords using VMware Cloud Foundation Manage certificate rotation for VMware Cloud Foundation components Use Active Directory integration to automate certificate generation and rotation Describe workload domains Manage workload domains in VMware Cloud Foundation Manage VMware NSX-T⢠for VMware Cloud Foundation Describe use cases for Application Virtual Networks (AVNs) Meet vSphere with VMware Tanzu⢠requirements Deploy a vSphere with Tanzu enabled workload domain Manage VMware vSAN⢠storage in a workload domain Create vSAN storage policies Describe Cloud Native storage Describe the importance of business continuity measures in VMware Cloud Foundation Plan appropriate backup and restore workflows for VMware Cloud Foundation components Implement stretched clusters in VMware Cloud Foundation workload domains This five-day course includes instruction on the capabilities of VMware Cloud Foundation? and how to successfully plan, deploy, manage, and operate hybrid and cloud infrastructures, including customization. The course explains the architecture of VMware Cloud Foundation and explains licensing, certificates, and storage and network management. The course also covers workload domains, availability, life cycle management, and troubleshooting. Course Introduction Introductions and course logistics Course objectives VMware Cloud Foundation Overview Describe the VMware Cloud Foundation solution Describe VMware Cloud Foundation architecture Identify VMware Cloud Foundation components Describe VMware Cloud Foundation topology Define VMware Cloud Foundation terminology Day Zero Tasks Identify the requirements for deploying VMware Cloud Foundation Identify management domain sizing considerations Identify workload domain sizing considerations Detail design considerations for ESXi in management and VI workload domains Detail design considerations for vCenter in management and VI workload domains Detail the VMware Cloud Foundation bring-up process Identify information required for the Planning and Preparation Workbook Identify information required for the Deployment Parameter Workbook Describe how VMware Cloud Builder automates the deployment process Explain how the Deployment Parameter Workbook is imported into VMware Cloud Builder Recognize the configuration validation process performed by VMware Cloud Builder Detail the deployment of the management domain Recognize the options to image a host Identify the key capabilities of VIA Recognize how to use VIA for imaging the ESXi Nodes Post Deployment Operations Understand VMware Cloud Foundation integration with VMware Single Sign-On Configure user access to VMware Cloud Foundation Describe the importance of user roles in vSphere Configure identity sources in vSphere to use with VMware Cloud Foundation Manage passwords in VMware Cloud Foundation Explain the importance of using VMware Cloud Foundation to manage passwords for vSphere components Detail the best practices for password management for VMware Cloud Foundation Retrieve and secure the password list Describe the process for rotating passwords not managed by VMware Cloud Foundation VMware Cloud Foundation License Management Describe how to add license keys to the VMware Cloud Foundation inventory Describe how to view license keys in SDDC Manager Describe how to assign license keys Describe how to remove license keys Describe how to replace expiring licenses VMware Cloud Foundation Networking with NSX-T Describe NSX Management plane and Control planes Detail design considerations for workload domains with shared NSX Manager instances Detail design considerations for workload domains with dedicated NSX Manager instances Describe the spine-and-leaf design Describe the addressing scheme for the underlay Recognize possible variations of the spine-and-leaf design Describe the multi-NIC design Describe NSX Edge node design and BGP peering with the physical network Describe cluster design and rack design Explain dynamic routing with BGP Explain virtual IP addressing Describe logical switching Detail NSX Edge functions Define application virtual networks Describe management domain rack options List NSX Edge cluster requirements for vSphere with Tanzu Discuss NSX Edge cluster placement considerations Describe NSX-T Data Center deployment in VMware Cloud Foundation Explain how logical routing works in NSX-T Data Center Identify NSX Edge functions Describe data plane preparation for NSX-T Data Center Edge nodes in a workload domain Recognize Tier-0 and Tier-1 gateway topologies Recognize features of NSX distributed firewalls Describe the benefits of NSX Federation in VMware Cloud Foundation Identify NSX Federation Use Cases Explain NSX Federation Components and Architecture Discuss NSX Federation configuration basics Managing Workload Domains Define workload domains Detail design considerations for vSphere networking in management and VI workload domains Detail design considerations for storage in management and VI workload domains Recognize design choices for a consolidated design or standard design List the types of workload domains State scale limits for workload domains Identify use cases for multiple clusters in a workload domain List workload domain prerequisites Explain how to create a workload domain Describe how to scale a workload domain Explain how to delete a workload domain Describe host decommissioning vSphere with Tanzu in VMware Could Foundation Discuss the vSphere with Tanzu solution Define the role of Spherelet Describe the supervisor cluster control plane Define vSphere with Tanzu namespaces Describe the role of NSX-T networking components Discuss vSphere with Tanzu networking topology Describe VMware Container Networking with Antrea Describe control plane VM management networking requirements Plan appropriate IP address CIDR ranges for pod, ingress, and egress networking Describe prerequisites for vSphere with Tanzu cluster compatibility Deploy vSphere with Kubernetes Create a vSphere namespace Configure limits and permissions for a vSphere namespace Enabling Harbor Image Registry VMware Cloud Foundation Storage Management Identify vSAN architecture and components Recognize storage options for VMware Cloud Foundation Recognize the connectivity options for supplemental storage Explain why vSAN is the best option for VMware Cloud Foundation storage Recognize vSAN design considerations Identify sizing and performance considerations that impact the storage design Describe vSAN requirements for the management and workload domains Define deduplication and compression Discuss how to scale vSAN clusters in VMware Cloud Foundation Explain how storage policies work with VMware Cloud Foundation vSAN clusters Explain storage policy failure tolerance rules Identify a VM storage policy compliance status Relate storage policies to Kubernetes storage classes Describe persistent volumes Monitor Cloud Native Storage in the vSphere Client Availability and Business Continuity Identify steps in the SDDC Manager backup and restore process Recognize the importance of external service availability Describe native vSphere availability options Identify steps in the NSX backup and restore process Identify stretched cluster use cases Identify stretched cluster components Recognize stretched cluster requirements in VMware Cloud Foundation Prepare and deploy a vSAN stretched cluster using APIs VMware Cloud Foundation Certificate Management Describe public key infrastructure (PKI) Explain the purpose of certificate signing requests (CSRs) List the available CA options in SDDC Manager Describe how to view certificates Explain how to generate a CSR Describe how to replace and install certificates for VMware Cloud Foundation components List the available CA options in SDDC Manager Explain how to configure the Microsoft CA server Describe how to install certificates issued by the Microsoft CA server Explain how to add OpenSSL CA in SDDC Manager Describe how to install certificates issued by OpenSSL CA Explain how to install certificates issued by third-party CAs