324 Courses

GPON and FTTx networks training course description Designed to benefit those requiring an in depth knowledge of the principles and applications of Ten Gigabit and Gigabit Passive Optical Networking and Fibre to the X in NG Networks applications and their associated equipment, its flexibility and function within a modern transmission network. Using an effective mix of 'hands on' equipment instruction and correlation to theory based learning the delegate will gain a complete understanding of the equipment and the tasks to be undertaken in a real life situation. What will you learn Compare PON/FTTx systems. Explain network elements and designs. Support applications and network interfaces. List circuit provisioning and bandwidth requirements. Understand upstream & downstream issues. Describe headend & network elements/OLT-ONT. Perform network testing with OTDR test sets. GPON and FTTx networks training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with GPON and FTTx. Prerequisites: Introduction to data communications and networking. Duration 5 days GPON and FTTx training course contents FTTN, FTTC, FTTH SMF, MMF, Fibre safety and properties (dispersion/attenuation), Fibre reel cables and types, Fibre installation and air blown fibre, Transmitters and receivers - power budget/laser classes. Fibre to the home (FTTH), FTTC (Fibre to the Cabinet), FTTN (Fibre to the node) , FTTD (Fibre to the desk), FFTH topologies and wavelengths, Active or passive optical network. WDM equipment and GPON OSP design Wavelength considerations, WDM/DWDM/CWDM, EDFA optical amplification, AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) splitters , Couplers (splitters) and losses, Optical splitters 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, 1x32, 1x64, 2x64. PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play. GEPON design GPON OSP centralized and distributed design, GPON PON splitters x4 x8 x32, Fibre splice trays /cassette trays & enclosures, GPON field testing and installation verification, GPON physical layer testing, Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), Optical power source & meter, Optical return loss (ORL), APON/BPON/GPON/EPON comparisons. GPON ITU-T G.984.1 Reference model, terminology & architecture, Access network system management functions. ONT & OLT functional block examples. FTTx scenarios, 4 switching arrangements for external access network backup. GPON ITU-T G.984.2 Physical layer, Enhancement band, Bit rate and wavelengths, FEC and RAMAN. GPON ITU-T G.984.3 Frame structure, GPON encapsulation method (GEM), GTC adaptation and framing sublayer protocol stack, Status reporting & traffic monitoring DBA (SR-DBA & TM-DBA), Transmission container (T-CONT) types, Downstream & upstream multiplexing, GEM port identifier, Media access control and ONU registration, Extended bandwidth assignment model scheduling architecture, PLOAM & alarm messages, Downstream & Upstream FEC, Process order in a GTC transmit flow. GPON ITU-T G.984.4 and G.988 ONT management and control interface (OMCI) Management interface, Reference model, Typical ONT with SCTE 55-1 or SCTE 55-2 compliancy. GPON ITU-T G.984.5 enhancement band Band options, GPON NGA, Wavelength allocation. GPON ITU-T G.984.6 optical reach extension (G.984.re) Reach extension (RE), OA-based and OEO-based reach extenders, Protection, Reach extender with OTDR blocking filters (BF) and bypass (BYP) filters. GPON ITU-T G.984.7 long reach Quiet Window. 10-GPON ITU-T G.987.1 (XG-PON) Scenarios, reference access network architecture, XG-PON with G-PON through WDM1r, G-PON and XG-PON wavelength allocation, G-PON and XG-PON co-existence with video overlay option, RE migration scenarios. G.989 40Gbps XG-PON2 Functional reference architecture, NG-PON2 system coexistence with legacy systems, Definitions of legacy compatibility terminology. GPON issues and standards GPON components GPON OLT / GPON ONT, GPON management, Operational support systems (OSS), Network management systems (NMS), OMCI (ONT Management control interface), RG (Residential gateway), Data and prioritised voice channel product, GPON broadband-forum standards, Broadband-forum , TR-069 and TR-156, HPNA (home phone network alliance), Powerline carrier (PLC), GPON DLNI G.hn or G.9960, MOCA, FTTH council certification standard for network certification. Fibre-connected home badge, Ethernet in the first mile (EFM), GPON frame synchronization to network timing, Direct clock synchronization interface (BITS), Multiservice access platform (MSAP), Software planning tool, Superconnected cities / voucher scheme. Hands on practical assignments Single and multimode fibre recognition, Fibre Cleaning methods, Checking cleaning with an optical microscope, Optical light source and optical power meter referencing, PON splitter and fibre drum testing with an optical power meter, 6km classroom passive optical network testing with an OTDR at 1310/1550nm, Using decibels (dB's) and decibel milliwats (dBm's), Designing networks up to 20km long using vendor specifications (power budget), Fault finding with a visible fault locator.

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) A large amount of geological data is acquired at a substantial cost when carrying out a drilling operation. Ensuring optimal quality of this information and effective reporting plays a key role during well design and drilling operations. In addition, there is much to benefit from the later usage of the data in field studies. A critical component that ensures favourable and positive results is the close co-operation between geological, drilling and well engineering departments. Comprising 5 half-day sessions, this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course aims to provide the required knowledge in order for the collaboration to be most effective and successful. This VILT course will comprise lectures interspersed with practical and interactive exercises and quizzes to promote better understanding. Training Objectives At the end of this VILT course, participants will be able to: Understand the techniques used by wellsite geologists in formation evaluation via: Quick-look analysis to assess reservoir and hydrocarbons Mudlog data (lithology/cutting description, gas readings) Grasp the application of wellsite data in exploration and development Be able to read, assess and use drilling reports Acquire an understanding of drilling problems caused by subsurface conditions Understand the role and contributions of the geologist to the well maturation process Target Audience This VILT course is intended for geologists and other subsurface staff involved in drilling operations who would like to work and communicate more effectively with wellsite staff.  Please note that this VILT course is not a preparation course for a wellsite assignment. To be able to work independently on the wellsite, a more hands-on or on-site training would be required. Training Methods This VILT course will be delivered online in 5 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day. Course Duration: 5 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (20 hours in total). Trainer Your expert course leader has close to 20 years of experience as a geologist in the Oil & Gas industry. Her main interest and passion is in well planning and operations. She had previously worked as a production geologist and technical authority in NAM (Netherlands), and as a discipline advisor tasked to coach young staff in Bangalore. She has been active in internal training sessions on drilling hazards, mudwindow assessment and project management. She obtained an MSc in hard rock structural geology from the University in Utrecht, a PhD at Brown University (RI, USA) and a post-doctoral at the RWTH Aachen. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Level 3 SIA Trainer Course is combined of Level 3 Award in Education and Training (former PTLLS) Course, Level 3: Conflict Management Course and Level 3 Award for Physical Intervention Trainers in the Private Security Industry Course. These courses are specifically designed for individuals wishing to become trainers for SIA compliant courses such as: SIA Door Supervision, Security Guarding, CCTV (Public space surveillance), Conflict Management, Vehicle Immobilisation etc courses.  ABOUT THIS COURSE: This course consists of following aspects: Introduction to Adult Learning Lesson planning Delivering a lesson Teaching adults Practical teaching sessions How to vary teaching techniques How to recognise and deal with potential problems Assessing how well pupils are learning Teaching equipment and aids Conflict management Physical Intervention COURSE DURATION: It has been designed to be completed by 6 days and assignment afterwards. COURSE ASSESSMENT: For AET / PTLLS, No formal examination is required for this course, but at the end of the course you need to submit portfolio. For level 3 Conflict Management Course; showcase 2 scenario based role in the class, end of the course you need to submit portfolio and they will get assessed. For Level 3 Award for Physical Intervention Trainers in the Private Security Industry Course; demonstrate the PI techniques, they will be recorded, short MCQ Test and end of the course you need to submit portfolio and they will get assessed. If you have a busy life style, you also can spread out this course in two weeks or more to meet your personal commitment. HOW MUCH THIS COURSE COST? Online Course: (AET Online) is £1100.00 (All inclusive no hidden charges). This includes AET Online course, 1 Day CM and 2 days PI training. After successful completion you will receive 3 certificates and PI Licence Agreement which is called PI Master Trainer Licence. Zoom course: (AET Zoom class) is £1150.00 (All inclusive no hidden charges). This includes 3 days AET Zoom course, 1 Day CM and 2 days PI training. After successful completion you will receive 3 certificates and PI Licence Agreement which is called PI Master Trainer Licence. Face to Face Class: (AET Face to Face) is £1200.00 (All inclusive no hidden charges). This includes 3 days AET Class, 1 Day CM and 2 days PI training. After successful completion you will receive 3 certificates and PI Licence Agreement which is called PI Master Trainer Licence.

Level 3 PI course has been developed for providing a trainer with related knowledge to be able to safely deliver physical intervention techniques. Learn More Academy has been delivering Level 3 : Award for the Delivery of Physical Intervention Course which is a SIA approved qualification that is a mandatory qualification in order to deliver SIA security related courses and also safely and competently deliver a range of physical intervention techniques and associated factors. ABOUT THIS COURSE: Level 3 Award for Physical Intervention Trainers in the Private Security Industry SIA Trainer PI Course is an OFQUAL accredited qualification and approved by SIA Home Office which has been developed for those wishing to teach physical intervention skills to people working in the private security industry. Trainers wishing to deliver the popular SIA Door Supervision / Security Guarding or Security related courses need this qualification to deliver the PI unit of the Door Supervisor course. WHAT IS THE ENTRY REQUIREMENT:  Candidates must be 18 years old and should have teaching qualifications such as Level 3 AET or Level 3 PTLLS qualification and Level 3 Conflict Management Award or equivalent. COURSE ASSESSMENT: Demonstrating Physical intervention techniques, MCQ exam and submission of the portfolio assignment at the end of the course. HOW MUCH THIS COURSE COST? Level 3 Physical Intervention PI course will cost £630.00. After successful completion you will receive a certificate and PI Licence Agreement.

About this Training Course There are various kinds of geophysical data available. They are separated into seismic and non-seismic (multi-physics) data. Non-seismic or multi-physics data (which includes gravity, magnetics, electrical, electromagnetics, spectral etc - apart from providing complimentary information to seismic) is the main source of information for very shallow subsurface applications such as engineering, mapping pollution, archaeology, geothermal energy, and related areas. This 5 full-day blended course will focus specifically on seismic data which is the main method used in the Oil & Gas industry. In this blended course, participants will be equipped to understand that seismic data represents the movement of the surface, resulting from waves generated by a source, dynamite or vibrator which are reflected by changes in the subsurface rocks. The basic principles of acquisition and processing will be explained and insights into advanced methods, allowing a much more accurate interpretation of seismic data than previously considered possible, will also be provided. This blended course contains an introduction to Machine Learning and its important role in all aspects of seismic acquisition, processing, and interpretation. There is no need to know in detail how the algorithms work internally but it is necessary to know how to use them correctly to achieve optimum results. Training Objectives By attending this course, participants will be able to acquire the following: Obtain an understanding of the strengths and limitations of geophysical methods, specifically seismic, and the costs and risks involved, and how to reduce these. Be able to communicate more effectively with staff in other disciplines. Understand the potential applications of seismic data and know how to formulate the requirements needed for prospect and field evaluation. Gain an awareness of modern seismic technology. Apply the learning in a series of practical, illustrative exercises. Know what types of questions to ask to assess the necessary quality of a seismic project in its role in a sequence of E&P activities Target Audience The blended course is intended for non-geophysicists who have intensive interaction with geophysicists. But it may be of interest to those who want to know about the recent progress made in geophysics, leading to amazing imaging results, which could not be imagined a decade ago. The blended course will bring to the attention of the geologists, petrophysicists and reservoir/petroleum engineers an awareness of how the data they will work with is acquired and processed by the geophysicist. It will introduce the concepts that are of importance in geophysics and thus relevant for non-geophysicists to know and be able to communicate with geophysicists as well as formulate their requests. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader has degree in Geology (University of Leiden), a Master's degree in Theoretical Geophysics (University of Utrecht) and a PhD in Utrecht on 'Full wave theory and the structure of the lower mantle'. This involved forward modelling of P- and S-waves diffracted around the core-mantle boundary and comparison of the frequency-dependent attenuation of the signal with those obtained from major earthquakes observed at long offsets in the 'shadow zone' of the core. These observations were then translated into rock properties of the D' transition zone. After his PhD, he joined Shell Research in The Netherlands to develop methods to predict lithology and pore-fluid based on seismic, petrophysical and geological data. He subsequently worked for Shell in London to interpret seismic data from the Central North Sea Graben. As part of the Quantitative Interpretation assignment, he was also actively involved in managing, processing and interpreting Offshore Seismic Profiling experiments. After his return to The Netherlands, he headed a team for the development of 3D interpretation methods using multi-attribute statistical and pattern recognition analysis on workstations. After a period of Quality Assurance of 'Contractor' software for seismic processing, he became responsible for Geophysics in the Shell Learning Centre. During that period, he was also a part-time professor in Applied Geophysics at the University of Utrecht. From 2001 to 2005, he worked on the development of Potential Field Methods (Gravity, Magnetics) for detecting oil and gas. Finally, he became a champion on the use of EM methods and became involved in designing acquisition, processing and interpretation methods for Marine Controlled Source EM (CSEM) methods. After his retirement from Shell, he founded his own company, specialising in courses on acquisition, processing and interpretation of geophysical data (seismic, gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic data), providing courses to International and National energy companies. In the last couple of years, he became keenly interested in the use of Machine Learning in Geophysics. Apart from incorporating 'Artificial Intelligence' in his courses, he also developed a dedicated Machine Learning course for geophysics. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Work Breakdown Structures It's amazing how often project managers begin the project planning process by making an outlined list of every task they believe will be required to complete a project and then proclaim they have created the work breakdown structure (WBS) for the project. The result is a list of hundreds, or even thousands of tasks, many of them having durations of a few days or a few hours. Essentially, what they have done is create a 'to do' list, which they then use as a 'checklist' to measure progress. This approach leads to, and even encourages, micromanagement of the resources working on the project without consideration of more critical aspects of project management such as: requirements management, risk management, procurement management, estimating, scheduling, executing, and controlling. Further, it makes it impossible to see the big picture, at levels of detail, in keeping with the needs of sponsors, clients, project and functional managers, team leaders, and project performers. Join us for this exciting program and learn how to use the WBS to make better-informed business decisions. What You Will Learn You will learn how to: Describe the need for a project WBS Describe the WBS role in the project Gain practical experience in the development, decomposition, and use of the WBS Determine the appropriate level of detail in the WBS. Explain how the WBS integrates with project requirements, risk, procurement, estimating, scheduling, and overall project execution. Provide the basic tools to enhance efficient re-use of key information in your future projects Foundation Concepts Key definitions History of the WBS Importance of the WBS Overall structure Terminology Other breakdown structures WBS tools WBS & Scope Project scope management processes Specification of the project objectives WBS design based on project deliverable WBS decomposition process and 'The 100% rule' Work Packages and Control Accounts WBS & Risk Risk management planning and WBS Risk identification to enhance the WBS Risk analysis and the WBS Risk responses and updating the WBS Implementing risk response and Monitoring risks and the WBS WBS & Estimating Use of WBS in the estimating process Components and work packages Sizing and algorithmic estimates WBS & Scheduling Component Scheduling - High-Level Milestones WBS activity decomposition WBS elements dependencies Work Package Level Schedules Responsibility assignment matrix WBS & Execution and Control Earned Value Management and tracking of work performance Progress reports, forecasts, and corrective and preventive actions used to manage work performance Necessary information to close out a project

Microsoft Project Blue Belt® 2013 This course introduces Project Server 2013 features that expedite scheduling projects and simplify managing tasks within an enterprise environment. Learn different aspects of Project Server and their benefits to varying roles in the enterprise, and gain hands-on experience and insights on best practices from SMEs around the world. This course introduces Project Server 2013 features that expedite scheduling projects and simplify managing tasks within an enterprise environment. Learn different aspects of Project Server and their benefits to varying roles in the enterprise, and gain hands-on experience and insights on best practices from SMEs around the world. What you Will Learn You'll learn how to: Identify the project's life cycle Understand the Enterprise Project Management (EPM) environment Apply the basic project management principles to selecting, initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing your Project 2013 schedules Take advantage of new features Explain Project Server 2013 views and project sites Meet deadlines and budget restrictions Keep the workloads of your resources within their available limits Efficiently update your schedule Take advantage of the standard reports, custom views, and visual reports for your projects Take a brief look at the Business Intelligence potential Efficiently and effectively manage your project(s) and programs Work comfortably within Project Server 2013 or Project Online Getting Started with Microsoft® Project Server 2013 Describing the EPM context Discovering Project Server 2013 and Project Online Differentiating the users of Project Server 2013 Working with Project Professional 2013 and Project Server 2013 Recognizing the Life Cycle within EPM Projects and Portfolio Management Portfolio management and governance Originating new initiatives within EPTs and workflows Prioritizing initiatives, analyzing scenarios, optimizing, and selecting the portfolio Initiating Projects Initiating processes with Project Professional, SharePoint lists, Enterprise Projects, and Resource Plans Importing projects and managing project owner and permissions Planning Projects - Scope and Schedule Management Planning context and framework Scheduling in PWA Using the Deliverables feature Planning Projects - Staffing Management Plan Building a project team Managing resource availability Reviewing the assignment cycle Resolving resource overallocation Planning Projects - Cost Components, Baseline, and Consolidated Schedules Developing components of the Cost Management Planning processes Working with the baseline in projects and programs or master schedules Improving the Collaboration in the Project Sites Creating the Project Sites Developing components of the Risk Management Plan and Issues Tracking Linking planning documents Additional apps and customization Executing Projects Understanding executing processes Managing resources using Build Team and other features Working with timesheets Reporting administrative time Configuring personal settings Monitoring and Controlling Projects - Tracking Task and Project Progress Understanding the Monitoring and Controlling processes Task progress and updates in PWA including considerations for different tracking methods Task progress and updates in Project Professional 2013 Monitor and Control Projects - Measuring Performance and Reporting Progress Understanding status reports Reviewing performance metrics and progress reports Taking advantage of preloaded reports at the Business Intelligence Center Considerations for defining custom reports Closing Projects Reviewing the closing processes and closing tasks to updates Supporting the closing process

Microsoft Project Blue Belt® 2013: In-House Training This course introduces Project Server 2013 features that expedite scheduling projects and simplify managing tasks within an enterprise environment. Learn different aspects of Project Server and their benefits to varying roles in the enterprise, and gain hands-on experience and insights on best practices from SMEs around the world. This course introduces Project Server 2013 features that expedite scheduling projects and simplify managing tasks within an enterprise environment. Learn different aspects of Project Server and their benefits to varying roles in the enterprise, and gain hands-on experience and insights on best practices from SMEs around the world. What you Will Learn You'll learn how to: Identify the project's life cycle Understand the Enterprise Project Management (EPM) environment Apply the basic project management principles to selecting, initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing your Project 2013 schedules Take advantage of new features Explain Project Server 2013 views and project sites Meet deadlines and budget restrictions Keep the workloads of your resources within their available limits Efficiently update your schedule Take advantage of the standard reports, custom views, and visual reports for your projects Take a brief look at the Business Intelligence potential Efficiently and effectively manage your project(s) and programs Work comfortably within Project Server 2013 or Project Online Getting Started with Microsoft® Project Server 2013 Describing the EPM context Discovering Project Server 2013 and Project Online Differentiating the users of Project Server 2013 Working with Project Professional 2013 and Project Server 2013 Recognizing the Life Cycle within EPM Projects and Portfolio Management Portfolio management and governance Originating new initiatives within EPTs and workflows Prioritizing initiatives, analyzing scenarios, optimizing, and selecting the portfolio Initiating Projects Initiating processes with Project Professional, SharePoint lists, Enterprise Projects, and Resource Plans Importing projects and managing project owner and permissions Planning Projects - Scope and Schedule Management Planning context and framework Scheduling in PWA Using the Deliverables feature Planning Projects - Staffing Management Plan Building a project team Managing resource availability Reviewing the assignment cycle Resolving resource overallocation Planning Projects - Cost Components, Baseline, and Consolidated Schedules Developing components of the Cost Management Planning processes Working with the baseline in projects and programs or master schedules Improving the Collaboration in the Project Sites Creating the Project Sites Developing components of the Risk Management Plan and Issues Tracking Linking planning documents Additional apps and customization Executing Projects Understanding executing processes Managing resources using Build Team and other features Working with timesheets Reporting administrative time Configuring personal settings Monitoring and Controlling Projects - Tracking Task and Project Progress Understanding the Monitoring and Controlling processes Task progress and updates in PWA including considerations for different tracking methods Task progress and updates in Project Professional 2013 Monitor and Control Projects - Measuring Performance and Reporting Progress Understanding status reports Reviewing performance metrics and progress reports Taking advantage of preloaded reports at the Business Intelligence Center Considerations for defining custom reports Closing Projects Reviewing the closing processes and closing tasks to updates Supporting the closing process

Work Breakdown Structures: In-House Training It's amazing how often project managers begin the project planning process by making an outlined list of every task they believe will be required to complete a project and then proclaim they have created the work breakdown structure (WBS) for the project. The result is a list of hundreds, or even thousands of tasks, many of them having durations of a few days or a few hours. Essentially, what they have done is create a 'to do' list, which they then use as a 'checklist' to measure progress. This approach leads to, and even encourages, micromanagement of the resources working on the project without consideration of more critical aspects of project management such as: requirements management, risk management, procurement management, estimating, scheduling, executing, and controlling. Further, it makes it impossible to see the big picture, at levels of detail, in keeping with the needs of sponsors, clients, project and functional managers, team leaders, and project performers. Join us for this exciting program and learn how to use the WBS to make better-informed business decisions. What You Will Learn You will learn how to: Describe the need for a project WBS Describe the WBS role in the project Gain practical experience in the development, decomposition, and use of the WBS Determine the appropriate level of detail in the WBS. Explain how the WBS integrates with project requirements, risk, procurement, estimating, scheduling, and overall project execution. Provide the basic tools to enhance efficient re-use of key information in your future projects Foundation Concepts Key definitions History of the WBS Importance of the WBS Overall structure Terminology Other breakdown structures WBS tools WBS & Scope Project scope management processes Specification of the project objectives WBS design based on project deliverable WBS decomposition process and 'The 100% rule' Work Packages and Control Accounts WBS & Risk Risk management planning and WBS Risk identification to enhance the WBS Risk analysis and the WBS Risk responses and updating the WBS Implementing risk response and Monitoring risks and the WBS WBS & Estimating Use of WBS in the estimating process Components and work packages Sizing and algorithmic estimates WBS & Scheduling Component Scheduling - High-Level Milestones WBS activity decomposition WBS elements dependencies Work Package Level Schedules Responsibility assignment matrix WBS & Execution and Control Earned Value Management and tracking of work performance Progress reports, forecasts, and corrective and preventive actions used to manage work performance Necessary information to close out a project

This one-day Suicide First Aid training course gives learners the knowledge and tools to understand that suicide is one of the most preventable deaths and some basic skills can help someone with thoughts of suicide stay safe from their thoughts and stay alive.