Essential optical transmission course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for fibre networks. The course aims to demystify the technologies involved by explaining all the buzzwords used in optical transmission. What will you learn Describe various optical transmission technologies. Explain how SDH and OTN work. Explain how WDM, CWDM and DWDM work. Explain PON, GPON and GEPON. Essential optical transmission course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Essential optical transmission course contents Transmission basics nsmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. Fibre transmission Fibre vs copper, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. OTN G.709, OTN interface structure, Optical transport modules, ONNI, OCh, OUT, ODU, OPU. G.709 amendments. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. FTTx Fibre installation and air blown fibre, FTTH, FTTC, FTTN, FTTD, FFTH topologies and wavelengths, active or passive optical network. PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), XG-PON, Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play.
Essential OTN training course description An In-depth introduction to the terminology and technology that will comprise tomorrow's Optical Transport Networks. What will you learn Describe the problems with old technologies. Identify the purpose of new technologies. Describe the functionality of the various transmission mediums available Identify OTN features and functionality. Define the issues involved in equipment and application rollout. Essential OTN training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to learn OTN. Prerequisites: SDH foundation or Essential DWDM Duration 2 days Essential OTN training course contents Scope, References Terms and definitions, Abbreviations and Conventions Optical transport network interface structure Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates Optical transport module (OTM-n.m, OTM-nr.m, OTM-0.m and OTN 0.mvn) Physical specification of the ONNI Optical channel (OCh) Optical channel transport unit (OTU) Optical channel data unit (ODU) Optical channel payload unit (OPU) OTM overhead signal (OOS) Overhead description and maintenance signals Mapping of client signals and concatenation Mapping ODUk signals into the ODTUjk signal Forward error correction using 16-byte interleaved RS (255,239) codecs ODUk tandem connection monitoring (TCM) overhead OPUk Multiplex Overhead Amendment 2 including: OTN Multiplexing and Mapping, Basic signal structure, ODTU12, ODTU13, ODTU23, OPUk Multiplex Overhead, OPUk Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI). OPU2 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI), OPU3 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI), OPUk Payload Structure Identifier Reserved overhead (RES), ODU1 into ODU2 multiplexing, ODU2 into ODU3 multiplexing, ODU1 into ODU3 multiplexing Amendment 3 including: 40 Gbit/s ODU3/OTU3 and 100 Gbit/s ODU4/OTU4, Support of gigabit Ethernet services via ODU0, ODU2e, ODU3 and ODU4, ODU0 and ODUFlex, Multi-lane OTU3 and OTU4 interfaces, Support for InfiniBand Amendment 4 including: OTSn OTN synchronization messaging channel (OSMC) overhead, FC-1600 Amendment 5 Including: ODUk.ts, OTU0LL (OTU0 low latency), OTSiA (optical tributary signal assembly). OTSiG (optical tributary signal group), OTSiG-O (optical tributary signal overhead), CMEP (connection monitoring end- point), CMOH (connection monitoring overhead), MOTU (Multi-OUT), MOTUm (Multi-OTU with management), OTUCn-M (Optical Transport Unit-Cn, with n OxUC overhead instances and 5G tributary slots). SOTU (Single-OUT). SOTUm (Single-OTU with management). Modified bit rates and capacity for OTU1/2/3/4 OTM.nr.m, OTM.n.m, OTM.0.3v4, OTM 0.4v4 Mapping of CBR2G5, CBR10G, CBR10G3 and CBR40G signals into OPUk 64B/66B and 513B block code format PCS lane alignment marker for 40GBASE-R and 100GBASE-R PT=20/PT=21 and AMP/GMP options OTL 4.10 to OTL 4.4 gearbox ODU switching and Line protection Schemes 10 x 10 MSA Overview of current and future coherent and noncoherent technologies 40Gbit and 100Gbit compliant ROADM's Implementers Guide including replacement terms. Differing vendor's equipment and their implementations Individual and group planning exercises: Upgrade a customer STM-64/10G network to a 40G/ OTN network. Upgrade a customer old 16 Wavelength WDM network to be OTN compliant. Implement a new customer 40 wavelength OTU3 OTN compliant MSPP (DWDM) network. Design a cost-effective solution where we can hand over circuits using 'Optical Transport Lanes'.
About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This course will provide a comprehensive, foundational content for a wide range of topics in power system operation and control. With the growing importance of grid integration of renewables and the interest in smart grid technologies, it is more important than ever to understand the fundamentals that underpin electrical power systems. This course provides a thorough understanding of all basic terminology and concepts of electrical systems, structure of a power system, transmission line parameters, insulators, high-voltage direct current transmission, substation and neutral grounding, distribution system, circuit breakers, relaying and protection, power system stability, economic operation of power systems, load frequency control, voltage and reactive power control, renewable energy sources, restructuring of electrical power systems, and smart grids. This course is a MUST for practitioners, consultants, engineers of all disciplines, managers, technicians and all technical personnel who need to learn about electrical power systems. Training Objectives Basic Terminology and Concepts of Electrical Systems: Gain an understanding of the basic terminology and concepts of electrical systems and the structure of a power system Transmission Line Parameters: Learn in detail all the transmission line parameters including line resistance, line inductance, transposition of transmission lines, and capacitance of transmission lines Insulators: Understand thoroughly all the various types of insulators, pin type insulators, suspension type or disc insulators, strain insulators, and testing of insulators High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Determine the advantages and disadvantages of high voltage direct current transmission, and gain an understanding of all the features of high-voltage direct current transmission Substations and Neutral Grounding: Gain a detailed understanding of all substation equipment, factors governing the layout of substations, station transformers, elements to be earthed in a substation, power system earthing, earthing transformers, bus bar arrangements and gas-insulated substations Distribution System: Learn about the effects of voltage on the conductor volume, distributor fed from one end, distributors fed from both ends at the same voltage, distributors fed from both ends at different voltages, and alternating current distribution Circuit Breakers: Learn about the classification of circuit breakers, plain-break oil circuit breakers, air break circuit breaker, air blast circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breakers, rating and testing of circuit breakers Relaying and Protection: Learn all the requirements of relaying, zones of protection, primary and backup protection, classification of relays, electromagnetic relays, induction relays, feeder protection, phase fault protection, reactance relay, static overcurrent relay, differential protection, transformer protection, Buchholz relays, alternator protection restricted earth fault protection, rotor earth fault protection, and negative-sequence protection Economic Operation of Power Systems: Gain an understanding of steam power plants, heat rate characteristics and characteristics of hydro plants Load Frequency Control: Learn about speed governing mechanism, speed governor, steady state speed regulations and adjustment of governor characteristics Voltage and Reactive Power Control: Gain an understanding of impedance and reactive power, system voltage and reactive power, voltage regulation and power transfer Renewable Energy Sources: Learn about solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and tidal power Restructuring of Electrical Power Systems: Gain an understanding of smart grids, smart grid components, smart grid benefits, and open smart grid protocol Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 5 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 x 10 minutes break per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Additionally, some self-study will be requested. Participants are invited but not obliged to bring a short presentation (10 mins max) on a practical problem they encountered in their work. This will then be explained and discussed during the VILT. A short test or quiz will be held at the end the course. The instructor relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all the delegates gain a complete understanding of all the topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: 'ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK' published by McGraw-Hill in 2003 (600 pages) Introduction to Power Systems Manual (500 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations
About this Training Course This 3 full-day course will provide a comprehensive understanding of the various types of transformer maintenance including breakdown maintenance, preventive maintenance, total productive maintenance, condition-based maintenance, proactive maintenance, and reliability-centered maintenance. All the expected problems in dry and oil-filled transformers will be discussed in detail. All the diagnostics, troubleshooting and maintenance required to ensure adequate operation of transformers will be covered thoroughly. This course will focus on maximizing the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of all types of transformers by providing an understanding of all commissioning requirements, repair and refurbishment methods of transformers. Training Objectives Equipment Diagnostics and Inspection: Learn in detail all the diagnostic techniques and inspections required of critical components of transformers Equipment Testing: Understand thoroughly all the routine tests, type tests, and special tests required for the various types of transformers Equipment Maintenance and Troubleshooting: Determine all the maintenance and troubleshooting activities required to minimize transformer downtime and operating cost Equipment Repair and Refurbishment: Gain a detailed understanding of the various methods used to repair and refurbish transformers Efficiency, Reliability, and Longevity: Learn the various methods used to maximize the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of transformers Equipment Sizing: Gain a detailed understanding of all the calculations and sizing techniques used for transformers Design Features: Understand all the design features that improve the efficiency and reliability of transformers Equipment Selection: Learn how to select all types of transformers by using the performance characteristics and selection criteria that you will learn in this course Equipment Commissioning: Understand all the commissioning requirements for transformers Equipment Codes and Standards: Learn all the codes and standards applicable for transformers Equipment Causes and Modes of Failure: Understand the causes and modes of failure in transformers System Design: Learn all the requirements for designing different types of transformer systems Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals (this course is suitable for individuals who do not have an electrical background) Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: Excerpt of the relevant chapters from the 'ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK' published by McGraw-Hill in 2003 (600 pages) Transformer Testing, Maintenance and Commissioning Manual (covering all the tests, maintenance activities, protective systems and all commissioning procedures for all types of transformers - 350 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations
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Total STP training course description The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) dates from 1985. This course explores in depth how the protocol works and the implications this has on network performance. We also study STP variants including 802.1w (RSTP) and 802.1s (MSTP). What will you learn Explain how STP works. Explain how RSTP works. Explain how MSTP works. Troubleshoot STP and variants. Total STP training course details Who will benefit: Technical network staff. Prerequisites: Definitive Ethernet switching for engineers Duration 1 day Total STP training course contents STP What is 802.1D, what is STP, resilience, broadcast storms, forwarding and blocking, single path. Hands on Impact of broadcast storms, enabling disabling STP. Operation STP frames, BPDUs, root bridge election, blocked ports, root ports, designated ports. STP path costs. Hands on Analysing STP, troubleshooting implications. Topology changes Hello timer, Forward delay timer, max age timer, Topology Change Notification (TCN) BPDU. Hands on STP convergence. STP enhancements and tuning Bridge ID, Bridge priority, port priority, 30 second delay, Edge ports, PortFast, root guard, loop guard, BPDU guard. Hands on Root bridge positioning, improving STP convergence. RSTP 802.1w, Improvements, convergence times. RSTP bridge port roles, RSTP switch port states. Edge ports, link ports. Hands on RSTP configuration and convergence. VLANs and STP Access/untagged ports, trunk/tagged ports, PVST, PVST+, RPVST, MISTP, MSTP and 802.1s. MSTP BPDUs. Instances, Load balancing, impact on CPU. Hands on MSTP load balancing. Interoperability Regions, Virtual bridges, domains. Hands on STP, RSTP and MSTP interoperation.
Server Load Balancing course description This two-day Server Load Balancing course introduces the concepts of SLB from the reasons to implement, through the basics and then onto details studies of load distribution, health checks, layer 7 switching and Global SLB. What will you learn Explain packet paths when implementing SLB. Recognise the impact of different topologies. Evaluate SLB load distribution methods. Describe how load balancers can improve security. Explain how GSLB works. Server Load Balancing course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with SLB. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Server Load Balancing course contents Introduction Concept, reasons, benefits, alternatives. Other features: Security, Caching. SLB concepts Architectures, Virtual servers, real servers, Virtual IP address, health checks. DNS load balancing. Packet walk using SLB. Load balancing 6 modes of bonding and load balancing without SLB. ISP load balancing. Health. Distribution policies: Round Robin, least connections, weighted distributions, response time, other variations. Persistent versus concurrent. Layer 4 switching L2 SLB, L3 SLB, single arm SLB, DSR, more packet walking, TCP versus UDP, Port numbers. Layer 7 switching Persistence. Cookie switching, Cookie hashing, Cookie insertion, URL switching, URL Hashing, SSL. Health checks Layer 3: ARP, ping. Layer 4: SYN, UDP. Layer 7: HTTP GET, Status codes, HTTP keepalives, content verification, SSL. Other application keepalives. What to do after failure and recovery. Security DOS attack protection, SYN attack protection, Rate limiting: connections, transactions. SSL offload. Redundancy Hot standby, Active standby, Active active. Stateful, stateless. VRRP, STP. GSLB Anycasting. DNS, TTL, DNS load balancing, problems with DNS load balancing,. HTTP redirect, health, thresholds, round trip times, location.