197 Sing courses in Bristol

About this Training The expanding human population and industrialisation are increasing the demand for energy worldwide. This has resulted in numerous challenges such as environmental pollution, reliable supply of fossil fuels, and increased demand of electricity supply, which must be overcome. To fulfil the energy demands and overcome these challenges, numerous projects and funds are involved in finding an adequate solution. Transport accounts for around one-fifth of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and road travel accounts for three-quarters of transport emissions. Most of this comes from passenger vehicles. Emission limits are increasingly stringent, and the fuel industry must change its approach to product formulation to meet the challenge. Training Objectives Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to: Get a clear overview of the different types of bio and alternative fuels Understand how different bio and alternative fuels are produced Have an overview of feedstock utilised for biofuels production Realize how the biofuels production could be integrated in modern refinery Understand how bio and alternative fuels function as single and blended fuels Understand what impact bio and alternative fuels have on car engine Get an overview of the environmental impact of bio and alternative fuels Get the overview of regulation related to bio and alternative fuel Target Audience The course is intended for individuals who are interested in or developing in the field of bio and alternative fuels. The following personnel will benefit from the knowledge shared in this course: Refinery Technical Personnel Trading and blending personnel Sales, marketing, and product trading personnel Laboratory supervisors and technical personnel Policymakers Professionals who are interested in or developing in the field of bio and alternative fuels Process, project, and consultant engineers involved in bioenergy, petrochemical and chemical industries Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader is an experienced manager with more than 25 years of operational experience in the downstream Oil & Gas industry. She is a recognised expert in conventional, biofuels and alternative fuels with extensive experience in the crude selection process and formulation of finished products including product portfolio strategy, product quality road mapping and benchmarking. She is a long-time laboratory manager with comprehensive experience in laboratory processes, including financing, benchmarking, efficiency improvement and total quality management processes. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

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About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This course will provide a comprehensive, foundational content for a wide range of topics in power system operation and control. With the growing importance of grid integration of renewables and the interest in smart grid technologies, it is more important than ever to understand the fundamentals that underpin electrical power systems. This course provides a thorough understanding of all basic terminology and concepts of electrical systems, structure of a power system, transmission line parameters, insulators, high-voltage direct current transmission, substation and neutral grounding, distribution system, circuit breakers, relaying and protection, power system stability, economic operation of power systems, load frequency control, voltage and reactive power control, renewable energy sources, restructuring of electrical power systems, and smart grids. This course is a MUST for practitioners, consultants, engineers of all disciplines, managers, technicians and all technical personnel who need to learn about electrical power systems. Training Objectives Basic Terminology and Concepts of Electrical Systems: Gain an understanding of the basic terminology and concepts of electrical systems and the structure of a power system Transmission Line Parameters: Learn in detail all the transmission line parameters including line resistance, line inductance, transposition of transmission lines, and capacitance of transmission lines Insulators: Understand thoroughly all the various types of insulators, pin type insulators, suspension type or disc insulators, strain insulators, and testing of insulators High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Determine the advantages and disadvantages of high voltage direct current transmission, and gain an understanding of all the features of high-voltage direct current transmission Substations and Neutral Grounding: Gain a detailed understanding of all substation equipment, factors governing the layout of substations, station transformers, elements to be earthed in a substation, power system earthing, earthing transformers, bus bar arrangements and gas-insulated substations Distribution System: Learn about the effects of voltage on the conductor volume, distributor fed from one end, distributors fed from both ends at the same voltage, distributors fed from both ends at different voltages, and alternating current distribution Circuit Breakers: Learn about the classification of circuit breakers, plain-break oil circuit breakers, air break circuit breaker, air blast circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breakers, rating and testing of circuit breakers Relaying and Protection: Learn all the requirements of relaying, zones of protection, primary and backup protection, classification of relays, electromagnetic relays, induction relays, feeder protection, phase fault protection, reactance relay, static overcurrent relay, differential protection, transformer protection, Buchholz relays, alternator protection restricted earth fault protection, rotor earth fault protection, and negative-sequence protection Economic Operation of Power Systems: Gain an understanding of steam power plants, heat rate characteristics and characteristics of hydro plants Load Frequency Control: Learn about speed governing mechanism, speed governor, steady state speed regulations and adjustment of governor characteristics Voltage and Reactive Power Control: Gain an understanding of impedance and reactive power, system voltage and reactive power, voltage regulation and power transfer Renewable Energy Sources: Learn about solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and tidal power Restructuring of Electrical Power Systems: Gain an understanding of smart grids, smart grid components, smart grid benefits, and open smart grid protocol Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 5 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 x 10 minutes break per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Additionally, some self-study will be requested. Participants are invited but not obliged to bring a short presentation (10 mins max) on a practical problem they encountered in their work. This will then be explained and discussed during the VILT. A short test or quiz will be held at the end the course. The instructor relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all the delegates gain a complete understanding of all the topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: 'ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK' published by McGraw-Hill in 2003 (600 pages) Introduction to Power Systems Manual (500 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course This 3 full-day course will provide a comprehensive understanding of the various types of transformer maintenance including breakdown maintenance, preventive maintenance, total productive maintenance, condition-based maintenance, proactive maintenance, and reliability-centered maintenance. All the expected problems in dry and oil-filled transformers will be discussed in detail. All the diagnostics, troubleshooting and maintenance required to ensure adequate operation of transformers will be covered thoroughly. This course will focus on maximizing the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of all types of transformers by providing an understanding of all commissioning requirements, repair and refurbishment methods of transformers. Training Objectives Equipment Diagnostics and Inspection: Learn in detail all the diagnostic techniques and inspections required of critical components of transformers Equipment Testing: Understand thoroughly all the routine tests, type tests, and special tests required for the various types of transformers Equipment Maintenance and Troubleshooting: Determine all the maintenance and troubleshooting activities required to minimize transformer downtime and operating cost Equipment Repair and Refurbishment: Gain a detailed understanding of the various methods used to repair and refurbish transformers Efficiency, Reliability, and Longevity: Learn the various methods used to maximize the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of transformers Equipment Sizing: Gain a detailed understanding of all the calculations and sizing techniques used for transformers Design Features: Understand all the design features that improve the efficiency and reliability of transformers Equipment Selection: Learn how to select all types of transformers by using the performance characteristics and selection criteria that you will learn in this course Equipment Commissioning: Understand all the commissioning requirements for transformers Equipment Codes and Standards: Learn all the codes and standards applicable for transformers Equipment Causes and Modes of Failure: Understand the causes and modes of failure in transformers System Design: Learn all the requirements for designing different types of transformer systems Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals (this course is suitable for individuals who do not have an electrical background) Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: Excerpt of the relevant chapters from the 'ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK' published by McGraw-Hill in 2003 (600 pages) Transformer Testing, Maintenance and Commissioning Manual (covering all the tests, maintenance activities, protective systems and all commissioning procedures for all types of transformers - 350 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

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Microsoft Active Directory course description A thorough understanding of this system is essential for anyone managing enterprise MS networks. Essential theory is complimented with a high level of hands on practice allowing delegates to observe the idiosyncrasies of Active Directory and Group Policy at first hand. Delegates learn the fundamental theory of AD and progress onto building a multi-domain network in the classroom. The course includes troubleshooting methods, and essential maintenance procedures. This course is designed to teach you the skills needed for day to day management of these technologies. What will you learn Install AD on multiple PCs. Use the tools to create and manage objects. Create appropriate group policies to restrict selected user's desktops and network access. Install DNS to support Active Directory without loosing Internet Connectivity. Maintain and troubleshoot AD problems Backup Active Directory. Microsoft Active Directory course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with AD based networks. Prerequisites: Supporting Windows server. Duration 3 days Microsoft Active Directory course contents Introduction to Active Directory Network authentication methods, Active Directory defined, AD naming conventions, network management with AD, AD structures: Domains, Organisational Units, Forests & Trees, Sites, The Global Catalogue. Windows 2003 new features, installing AD. Hands on Installing an AD network. Windows overview Management methods Server management tools, installing the additional tools, Terminal Server: Administration mode, Administrator accounts in AD, Local Security Policy. Hands on Install the management tools, Management using Terminal Services. Creating & Managing Objects (a quick look) AD management tools, AD users and computers, Creating & managing OUs, User Accounts and groups, controlling access to AD objects, moving objects, Publishing resources, locating objects in AD, delegating authority. Hands on Creating a control OU structure and delegating authority. Introduction to Group Policies What are Group Policies? Where Group Policy data is stored, security, Group Policy flow. Hands on Implementing Group Policies Working with Group Policies Local security templates, administrative templates, scripts, folder redirection, software deployment. Hands on Scripts, redirecting the start menu, creating a secure, robust desktop environment. Implementing DNS DNS basics, troubleshooting, implementing DNS zones. Hands on Building a unified DNS solution. Maintaining and managing the AD database AD support tools, database internal structure, replication, replication tools, Single Operations Masters, tools for maintenance, maintenance techniques, Backing up AD, Directory Services restore mode, NTDSUtil, Authoritative & non-authoritative restoration, rebuilding. Hands on NTDSUtil.

Network virtualization training course description This course covers network virtualization. It has been designed to enable network engineers to recognise and handle the requirements of networking Virtual Machines. Both internal and external network virtualization is covered along with the technologies used to map overlay networks on to the physical infrastructure. Hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer implementations. What will you learn Evaluate network virtualization implementations and technologies. Connect Virtual Machines with virtual switches. Explain how overlay networks operate. Describe the technologies in overlay networks. Network virtualization training course details Who will benefit: Engineers networking virtual machines. Prerequisites: Introduction to virtualization. Duration 2 days Network virtualization training course contents Virtualization review Hypervisors, VMs, containers, migration issues, Data Centre network design. TOR and spine switches. VM IP addressing and MAC addresses. Hands on VM network configuration Network virtualization What is network virtualization, internal virtual networks, external virtual networks. Wireless network virtualization: spectrum, infrastructure, air interface. Implementations: Open vSwitch, NSX, Cisco, others. Hands on VM communication over the network. Single host network virtualization NICs, vNICs, resource allocation, vSwitches, tables, packet walks. vRouters. Hands on vSwitch configuration, MAC and ARP tables. Container networks Single host, network modes: Bridge, host, container, none. Hands on Docker networking. Multi host network virtualization Access control, path isolation, controllers, overlay networks. L2 extensions. NSX manager. OpenStack neutron. Packet walks. Distributed logical firewalls. Load balancing. Hands on Creating, configuring and using a distributed vSwitch. Mapping virtual to physical networks VXLAN, VTEP, VXLAN encapsulation, controllers, multicasts and VXLAN. VRF lite, GRE, MPLS VPN, 802.1x. Hands on VXLAN configuration. Orchestration vCenter, vagrant, OpenStack, Kubernetes, scheduling, service discovery, load balancing, plugins, CNI, Kubernetes architecture. Hands on Kubernetes networking. Summary Performance, NFV, automation. Monitoring in virtual networks.

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This 3 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course will help participants grasp the idea of real-world risk management and how this relates to the cyber world. The VILT course will cover topics surrounding identifying cyber risks and vulnerabilities, guidance on applying administrative actions, and comprehensive solutions to ensure your organization is adequately secure and protected. The VILT course will guide participants on how to conduct a security risk assessment for their organization, and equip them with the skills to develop a risk compliance assessment plan as well as methods to develop risk management strategies which can improve their organization's security posture. The VILT course has at least a 30% hands-on approach through the use of Table Top Exercises. The VILT course will cover the following modules: Introduction to Risk Assessments (RA) Threat Actors and Their Motivations Threat and Risk Assessment Critical Controls Identification Maturity Assessment Treated Cyber Risk Profile Target Cyber Risk Profile and Strategy Target Audience The VILT course is intended for professionals responsible for organizational information and security system and those involved in operating and maintenance of critical information and IT network & sotware systems. Professionals who are designated as the Single Point of Accountability (SPoA) as well as system auditors will find this course useful. Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 3 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 x 10 minutes break per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Course Duration: 3 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (12 hours in total). This VILT course is delivered in partnership with ENGIE Laborelec. Trainer Your expert course leader is a is specialized in cybersecurity risk management. Before joining ENGIE, she worked for The National Cybersecurity Agency of France (ANSSI) based in Paris (France) and for Deloitte Belgium located in Zaventem (Belgium). She has been involved in cybersecurity projects focusing on the principle of protecting critical infrastructures. Her different experiences in Cyber Security, Anti-Money Laundering and Global Trade Compliance (including Export Control and Customs) gave her the opportunity to use methodologies tackling strategic, operational and financial control issues at all levels of an organization: people, business processes, IT applications and infrastructure, legal and regulatory compliance. She was an EBIOS Risk Manager (RM) trainer while she worked for the French government; EBIOS RM is the French method for assessing and treating digital risks. She also had the opportunity to represent France towards European institutions and other relevant stakeholders for topics related to cybersecurity risk management. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Transmission demystified training course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for both telecommunications and data communications with a particular focus on Microwave, SDH, DWDM transmission. The course aims to demystify these technologies by explaining all the buzzwords used in transmission. What will you learn Describe various transmission technologies such as multiplexing and demultiplexing. Explain how Microwave works. Explain how SDH works. Explain how DWDM works. Transmission demystified training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Transmission demystified training course contents Transmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. RF Frequency, wavelength. Distance / range issues, interference, Antenna, power, dB, RF propagation, testing. Microwave transmission What is microwave transmission, point to point communications, line of sight, parabolic antenna, relays, planning considerations, rain and other issues Wired transmissions Copper, Fibre, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. Introduction to SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. SDH6 Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM.tructure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. IP transmission Telecommunications versus data communications, IP transmission, VoIP, MPLS.

Essential optical transmission course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for fibre networks. The course aims to demystify the technologies involved by explaining all the buzzwords used in optical transmission. What will you learn Describe various optical transmission technologies. Explain how SDH and OTN work. Explain how WDM, CWDM and DWDM work. Explain PON, GPON and GEPON. Essential optical transmission course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Essential optical transmission course contents Transmission basics nsmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. Fibre transmission Fibre vs copper, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. OTN G.709, OTN interface structure, Optical transport modules, ONNI, OCh, OUT, ODU, OPU. G.709 amendments. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. FTTx Fibre installation and air blown fibre, FTTH, FTTC, FTTN, FTTD, FFTH topologies and wavelengths, active or passive optical network. PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), XG-PON, Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play.