2 Musculoskeletal Ultrasound courses in Edinburgh

CPD Accredited, Interactive Short Course - 1.5 hr session - Learn from the comfort of your own home or workplace - Learn how to deal with wounds, burns, sprains & strains, and other injuries Course Contents: What is classed as Display Screen Equipment (DSE) Who is a DSE user Illnesses and Injuries caused by the incorrect use of DSE How to set up your workstation so as to avoid injuries and musculoskeletal disorders DSE Assessment Checklist Work routine and the importance of taking breaks Eyes and eyesight testing Identifying training needs Working from home and home working assessments Benefits of this Short Course: In 2018/2019, nearly half a million people suffered from work-related musculoskeletal disorders, most of them having suffered from this for a while Though 138,000 of them only started having problems this year These conditions can significantly affect a person's life, and limit their mobility and dexterity This leads to being forced to retire early from work, earn less and have less of a social life I enjoyed the minor injuries webinar as it refreshed my memory in these areas and gave me the confidence to deal with any of these now. The training was delivered with practical demonstrations and I enjoyed the chance to use my brain during the lockdown.DEBBIE GROSCH-SQUANCE

CPD Accredited, Interactive Short Course 1½ hr session We will look at what manual handling is, and why it is so important And how we can apply proper manual handling techniques in our daily lives Course Contents: What is Manual Handling Illnesses and Injures arising from incorrect manual handling Manual techniques How to adapt those to our daily lives Benefits of this Short Course: Boys are around 4 x as likely to have ADHD Manual Handling is one of the main causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders But manual handling illnesses and injuries do not happen in the workplace alone This means that every single classroom in the UK will have at least one child or young people with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Learn more about the condition and how you can help them cope and take part in 'normal' life.

a full induction into the Speciality of Trauma & Orthopaedics. Suitable to GPS , doctors , students , physiotherapoists , Advanced Nure Practitioners , Osteopaths , Chiropractors and all healthcare professional interesed in musculoskeletal medicine

The Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt does exactly what it says Course curriculum 1 Welcome to the course! Welcome from Simon Lee Maryan, Course Creator What is the Somato-Limbic Metacognitive Process (SLM Process)? CPD Accreditation About the Course Creator How to Navigate this course What Are Your Initial Outcomes SLM Process Course Learning Outcomes Individual Change Readiness Assessment 2 Part 1 - Theory Part 1 - Introduction Video 3 Bonus Module 1: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Stress Lesson BM1.1: Stress and Work Lesson BM1.2: Types of Stress and Causes Lesson BM1.3: Physical Effects of Stress - Musculoskeletal Lesson BM1.4: Physical Effects of Stress - Respiratory Lesson BM 1.5: Physical Effects of Stress - Cardiovascular Lesson BM 1.6: Physical Effects of Stress - Endocrine Lesson BM 1.7: Physical Effects of Stress - Gastrointestinal Lesson BM 1.8: Physical Effects of Stress - Nervous Lesson BM1.9 - Psychological Effects of Stress 4 Bonus Module 2: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Fatigue Lesson BM2.1: Definition of Fatigue Lesson BM2.2: Types of fatigue and Causes Lesson BM2.3: Psychological Effects of Fatigue Lesson BM2.4: Methods to Manage Stress and Fatigue 5 Module 1: Foundation Theory Lesson 1.1: The Principles for SuccessFREE PREVIEW Lesson 1.2: Creating Outcomes with Positive Effect Lesson 1.3: Setting an Intervention Up For Success Lesson 1.4: Cause and Effect Lesson 1.5: The Mind-Body Connection Lesson 1.6: Neurological Connections Lesson 1.7: The Presuppositions for Life Module 1 Assessment 6 Module 2: Communication Principles and Skills Module 2: Introduction Video Lesson 2.1: A Communication Model Lesson 2.2: Observing Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication Lesson 2.2.1: Behavioural Profiling Aide Memoire Lesson 2.2.2: Basic Behavioural Profiling Exercises Lesson 2.3: Rapport - What is it, how do we build and maintain it? Lesson 2.4: Our Senses and Language Lesson 2.4.1: Exercise - Sensory Preference Lesson 2.4.1 - Exercise Worksheet Lesson 2.5: Predicate Language Module 2 Assessment 7 Module 3: Eye Movement Patterns Module 3 Introduction Video Lesson 3.1: Eye Movement Pattern Cues Lesson 3.2: How to Elicit Eye Patterns Lesson 3.3: Eye Tracking Exercise Lesson 3.3.1 Eye Tracking Exercise Sheet - PDF Lesson 3.4: Synesthesia Module 3 Assessment 8 Module 4: Submodalities Module 4 Introduction Video Lesson 4.1: Modalities and Submodalities Lesson 4.2: Possible uses for Changing Submodalities and How to Elicit Them Lesson 4.3: Using Submodalities for Change Lesson 4.3.1: Exercise - Submodality Change Video: How to use the Submodality Checklist Lesson 4.3.2: Submodality Checklist PDF Module 4 Assessment 9 Module 5: The Limbic System, Memory and Brain Activity Module 5: Introduction Video Lesson 5.1: How the Limbic System Affects Memory Lesson 5.1.1: Memory Graphics - Downloads Lesson 5.2: Perceptual Blindness and Conscious Overload Lesson 5.3: Brain Activity and Brain Waves Lesson 5.4: Circadian Rhythm Lesson 5.4.1: Exercise Worksheet - Sleep Diary Lesson 5.5:Ultradian Rhythm Module 5 Assessment 10 Module 6: Influences on Your State of Mind, Emotions, Beliefs and Decisions Module 6: Introduction Video Lesson 6.1: Influences on Your State of Mind Lesson 6.2: Emotional Response vs Decisions Lesson 6.3: Beliefs Lesson 6.4: Identifying Limiting Beliefs Lesson 6.4.1: Exercise Worksheet - Identify Your Limiting Beliefs Lesson 6.5: Limiting Beliefs - Framing Principle, Frame of Reference Lesson 6.5.1: Reframing, Schemas, Meaning Lesson 6.5.2 - Exercise Worksheet - Identify Your Frames of Reference, Schemas and Meaning Lesson 6.6: Values Lesson 6.6.1: Values Exercise Video Explanation Lesson 6.6.1 - Values Exercise WorkSheet Lesson 6.6.2: Beliefs Behind Your Values Video Explanation Lesson 6.6.2 - Exercise Worksheet 2 - Beliefs Behind Your Values Module 6 Assessment 11 Module 7:The Logical Levels Model for Personal Change Module 7: Introduction Video Lesson 7.1: An Introduction to the Logical Levels Model Lesson 7.2: Logical Levels - Environment Lesson 7.3: The logical Levels - Behaviour Lesson 7.4: The Logical Levels - Capability Lesson 7.5: The Logical Levels Model - Beliefs and Values Lesson 7.6: The Logical Levels Model - Identity Lesson 7.7: The Logical Levels Model - Purpose Video Explanation of Personal Exploration Exercise Lesson 7.8: Personal Exploration Exercise - PDF Module 7 Assessment 12 Module 8: Behavioural Change Module 8: Introduction Video Lesson 8.1: The Behavioural Change Learning Cycle Behavioural Change Learning Cycle - Video Explanation Behavioural Change Learning Cycle PDF Lesson 8.2: The Intentional Change Model Lesson 8.2.1: Reflective Exercise - Who Helped Me and Who Tried Lesson 8.3: The Intentional Change Model Cont. Module 8 Assessment 13 Part 2 - Techniques Part 2 - Techniques Introduction 14 Module 9: Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt Lesson 9.1: Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt - What Is It? Lesson 9.2: NTPI - The Process Overview Lesson 9.3: NTPI - The Process in Detail Lesson 9.4: NTPI - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 9.5: NTPI Assignment 15 Module 10: The Whole Brain State Lesson 10.1: The Whole Brain State (WBS) - Description Lesson 10.2: WBS - The Process Lesson 10.3: The Whole Brain State - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 10.4: Whole Brain State Assignment 16 Module 11: Anchoring Lesson 11.1: Brief History of Anchoring Lesson 11.2: Uses of Anchoring Lesson 11.3: 5 Keys to Anchoring - ITURN Lesson 11.4: The Anchoring Process Lesson 11.4.1: Icarus Anchoring Process - PDF Download Lesson 11.5: Anchoring - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 11.6: Anchoring Assignment Lesson 11.7: How to Bring all Three Techniques Together 17 Module 12: Eye Patterning and Re-imprinting Lesson 12.1: What Is Eye Patterning and Re-Imprinting Lesson 12.2: What Are Memories & Imprints & How Are They Created? Lesson 12.3: Brick Walls and Feeling Stuck Lesson 12.4: Eye Patterning and Re-imprinting Process Lesson 12.5: EPRI - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 12.6: Eye Patterning and Re-imprinting Assignment 18 Module 13: Swish Pattern Lesson 13.1: The Swish Pattern Lesson 13.2: Keys To Successful SWISH Patterns Lesson 13.3: SWISH Pattern Guide Script 19 Module 14: Purpose Lesson 14.1: Purpose Lesson 14.2: Your Purpose Statement - Exercise Worksheet 20 Module 15: Case Studies Assignment Lesson 15.1 - Case Study Assignment Lesson 15.2: Sample Case Studies and Informed Consent Form 21 Bonus Module 3: Personal Needs Lesson B3.1: How are Your Personal Needs Being Fulfilled? Lesson B3.1 - Exercise Worksheet - Hierarchy of Needs 22 Next steps More resources for you Before you go...Please leave us your thoughts on your experience of this course. This is invaluable to us as it means you are helping us to continuously improve our courses as we learn from you.

The First Aid and 6 hours verifiable CPD for musculoskeletal therapists course consists of illustrated step by step directions, flow charts, diagrams, videos and short test yourself sections fully compatible with all computers and mobile devices. You will be able to stop and start as often as you like and on completion you will be able to print your certificate. This course covers the full Emergency First Aid at Work syllabus, including CPR and the recovery position. Plus the addition of heart attack, stroke, anaphylaxis, asthma and many more relevant topics, tailored to the needs of massage, manual and musculoskeletal therapists. It also covers baby and child CPR, Choking and Recovery position. Equivalent to 6 hours of verifiable CPD. This course has been specifically designed for musculoskeletal therapists to equip you with vital skills and confidence to help an adult or child experiencing a medical emergency in your clinic, or in the community. This training does not seek to replace a practical first aid course. This course is an excellent first aid training package for people to gain invaluable knowledge at their own time and pace and a great first aid training package for those with English as a second language to prepare themselves to pass a practical first aid course. The content also serves as an ideal annual refresher covering the full HSE syllabus plus head injuries, heart attack, asthma and much more. This course fulfils all the criteria for Appointed Person first aid training, however a practical course is required in order to be a full First Aider. It is impossible to cover all eventualities within this course, or to equip you with the knowledge and skills to appropriately diagnose and treat in unpredictable real life situations. If you suspect serious illness or injury, you should always seek immediate professional medical advice. The author has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within the course, however this course is merely a guide and the author does not accept any liability or responsibility for any inaccuracies or for any mistreatment or misdiagnosis of any person, however caused. The First Aid and 6 hours verifiable CPD for musculoskeletal therapists course material has been written by Emma Hammett, qualified nurse, first aid trainer and founder of First Aid for Life in conjunction with other medical and first aid professionals. If you have any queries concerning this course, please contact emma@firstaidforlife.org.uk Course contents: Action in an emergency and keeping yourself safe Priorities of treatment and preparing for an emergency What to put in your first aid kit Information to give the emergency services The primary survey – how to help in an emergency How to put someone into the recovery position Resuscitation Resuscitating an adult or child Heart attacks Angina Choking How to help in an asthma attack Panic attacks and hyperventilation Anaphylactic shock How to use an adrenaline auto-injector Wounds and bleeding Embedded objects Shock Internal bleeding Amputated parts Fainting Burns Breaks, sprains and dislocations Head injuries Spinal injuries Log rolling someone into recovery position Fitting/seizures/convulsions Accident forms Final lesson, quiz and certificate

Premium Bundle of all Time | Ofqual Regulation + ATHE Awards + QLS Endorsement | Assessment & Tutor Support Included

The Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt does exactly what it says Course curriculum Welcome to the course! Welcome from Simon Lee Maryan, Course Creator What is the Somato-Limbic Metacognitive Process (SLM Process)? CPD Accreditation About the Course Creator How to Navigate this course What Are Your Initial Outcomes SLM Process Course Learning Outcomes Individual Change Readiness Assessment 2 Part 1 - Theory Part 1 - Introduction Video 3 Bonus Module 1: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Stress Lesson BM1.1: Stress and Work Lesson BM1.2: Types of Stress and Causes Lesson BM1.3: Physical Effects of Stress - Musculoskeletal Lesson BM1.4: Physical Effects of Stress - Respiratory Lesson BM 1.5: Physical Effects of Stress - Cardiovascular Lesson BM 1.6: Physical Effects of Stress - Endocrine Lesson BM 1.7: Physical Effects of Stress - Gastrointestinal Lesson BM 1.8: Physical Effects of Stress - Nervous Lesson BM1.9 - Psychological Effects of Stress 4 Bonus Module 2: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Fatigue Lesson BM2.1: Definition of Fatigue Lesson BM2.2: Types of fatigue and Causes Lesson BM2.3: Psychological Effects of Fatigue Lesson BM2.4: Methods to Manage Stress and Fatigue 5 Module 1: Foundation Theory Lesson 1.1: The Principles for Success Lesson 1.2: Creating Outcomes with Positive Effect Lesson 1.3: Setting a Coaching Intervention Up For Success Lesson 1.4: Cause and Effect Lesson 1.5: The Mind-Body Connection Lesson 1.6: Neurological Connections Lesson 1.7: The Presuppositions for Life Module 1 Assessment 6 Module 2: Communication Principles and Skills Module 2: Introduction Video Lesson 2.1: A Communication Model Lesson 2.2: Observing Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication Lesson 2.2.1: Behavioural Profiling Aide Memoire Lesson 2.2.2: Basic Behavioural Profiling Exercises Lesson 2.3: Rapport - What is it, how do we build and maintain it? Lesson 2.4: Our Senses and Language Lesson 2.4.1: Exercise - Sensory Preference Lesson 2.4.1 - Exercise Worksheet Lesson 2.5: Predicate Language Module 2 Assessment 7 Module 3: Eye Movement Patterns Module 3 Introduction Video Lesson 3.1: Eye Movement Pattern Cues Lesson 3.2: How to Elicit Eye Patterns Lesson 3.3: Eye Tracking Exercise Lesson 3.3.1 Eye Tracking Exercise Sheet - PDF Lesson 3.4: Synesthesia Module 3 Assessment 8 Module 4: Submodalities Module 4 Introduction Video Lesson 4.1: Modalities and Submodalities Lesson 4.2: Possible uses for Changing Submodalities and How to Elicit Them Lesson 4.3: Using Submodalities for Change Lesson 4.3.1: Exercise - Submodality Change Video: How to use the Submodality Checklist Lesson 4.3.2: Submodality Checklist PDF Module 4 Assessment 9 Module 5: The Limbic System, Memory and Brain Activity Module 5: Introduction Video Lesson 5.1: How the Limbic System Affects Memory Lesson 5.1.1: Memory Graphics - Downloads Lesson 5.2: Perceptual Blindness and Conscious Overload Lesson 5.3: Brain Activity and Brain Waves Lesson 5.4: Circadian Rhythm Lesson 5.4.1: Exercise Worksheet - Sleep Diary Lesson 5.5:Ultradian Rhythm Module 5 Assessment 10 Module 6: Influences on Your State of Mind, Emotions, Beliefs and Decisions Module 6: Introduction Video Lesson 6.1: Influences on Your State of Mind Lesson 6.2: Emotional Response vs Decisions Lesson 6.3: Beliefs Lesson 6.4: Identifying Limiting Beliefs Lesson 6.4.1: Exercise Worksheet - Identify Your Limiting Beliefs Lesson 6.5: Limiting Beliefs - Framing Principle, Frame of Reference Lesson 6.5.1: Reframing, Schemas, Meaning Lesson 6.5.2 - Exercise Worksheet - Identify Your Frames of Reference, Schemas and Meaning Lesson 6.6: Values Lesson 6.6.1: Values Exercise Video Explanation Lesson 6.6.1 - Values Exercise WorkSheet Lesson 6.6.2: Beliefs Behind Your Values Video Explanation Lesson 6.6.2 - Exercise Worksheet 2 - Beliefs Behind Your Values Module 6 Assessment 11 Module 7:The Logical Levels Model for Personal Change Module 7: Introduction Video Lesson 7.1: An Introduction to the Logical Levels Model Lesson 7.2: Logical Levels - Environment Lesson 7.3: The logical Levels - Behaviour Lesson 7.4: The Logical Levels - Capability Lesson 7.5: The Logical Levels Model - Beliefs and Values Lesson 7.6: The Logical Levels Model - Identity Lesson 7.7: The Logical Levels Model - Purpose Video Explanation of Personal Exploration Exercise Lesson 7.8: Personal Exploration Exercise - PDF Module 7 Assessment 12 Module 8: Behavioural Change Module 8: Introduction Video Lesson 8.1: The Behavioural Change Learning Cycle Behavioural Change Learning Cycle - Video Explanation Behavioural Change Learning Cycle PDF Lesson 8.2: The Intentional Change Model Lesson 8.2.1: Reflective Exercise - Who Helped Me and Who Tried Lesson 8.3: The Intentional Change Model Cont. Module 8 Assessment 13 Part 2 - Techniques Part 2 - Techniques Introduction 14 Module 9: Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt Lesson 9.1: Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt - What Is It? Lesson 9.2: NTPI - The Process Overview Lesson 9.3: NTPI - The Process in Detail Lesson 9.4: NTPI - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 9.5: NTPI Assignment 15 Module 10: The Whole Brain State Lesson 10.1: The Whole Brain State (WBS) - Description Lesson 10.2: WBS - The Process Lesson 10.3: The Whole Brain State - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 10.4: Whole Brain State Assignment 16 Module 11: Anchoring Lesson 11.1: Brief History of Anchoring Lesson 11.2: Uses of Anchoring Lesson 11.3: 5 Keys to Anchoring - ITURN Lesson 11.4: The Anchoring Process Lesson 11.4.1: Icarus Anchoring Process - PDF Download Lesson 11.5: Anchoring - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 11.6: Anchoring Assignment Lesson 11.7: How to Bring all Three Techniques Together 17 Bonus Module 3: Personal Needs Lesson B3.1: How are Your Personal Needs Being Fulfilled? Lesson B3.2 - Exercise Worksheet - Hierarchy of Needs 18 Module 12: Purpose Lesson 12.1: Purpose Lesson 12.2: Your Purpose Statement - Exercise Worksheet 19 Module 13: Case Studies Assignment Lesson 13.1 - Case Study Assignment Sample Case Studies and Informed Consent Form 20 Next steps Congratulations, you're Almost Done!! Here's What's Next Before you go...Please leave us your thoughts on your experience of this course.

The Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt does exactly what it says Course curriculum 1 Welcome to the course! Welcome from Simon Lee Maryan, Course Creator What is the Immediate Care Process? CPD Accreditation About the Course Creator How to Navigate this course What Are Your Initial Outcomes Individual Change Readiness Assess 2 Part 1 - Theory Part 1 - Introduction Video 3 Bonus Module 1: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Stress Lesson BM1.1: Stress and Work Lesson BM1.2: Types of Stress and Causes Lesson BM1.3: Physical Effects of Stress - Musculoskeletal Lesson BM1.4: Physical Effects of Stress - Respiratory Lesson BM 1.5: Physical Effects of Stress - Cardiovascular Lesson BM 1.6: Physical Effects of Stress - Endocrine Lesson BM 1.7: Physical Effects of Stress - Gastrointestinal Lesson BM 1.8: Physical Effects of Stress - Nervous Lesson BM 1.9 - Psychological Effects of Stress 4 Bonus Module 2: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Fatigue Lesson BM 2.1: Definition of Fatigue Lesson BM 2.2: Types of fatigue and Causes Lesson BM 2.3: Psychological Effects of Fatigue Lesson BM 2.4: Methods to Manage Stress and Fatigue 5 Module 1: Foundation Theory Lesson 1.1: The Principles for Success Lesson 1.2: Creating Outcomes with Positive Effect Lesson 1.3: Cause and Effect Lesson 1.4: The Mind-Body Connection Lesson 1.5: Neurological Connections Lesson 1.6: The Presuppositions for Life 6 Module 2: Communication Principles and Skills Module 2: Introduction Video Lesson 2.1: A Communication Model Lesson 2.2: Observing Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication Lesson 2.2.1: Behavioural Profiling Aide Memoire Lesson 2.2.2: Basic Behavioural Profiling Exercises Lesson 2.3: Rapport - What is it, how do we build and maintain it? Lesson 2.4: Our Senses and Language Lesson 2.4.1: Exercise - Sensory Preference Lesson 2.4.1 - Exercise Worksheet Lesson 2.5: Predicate Language Module 2 Assessment 7 Module 3: The Limbic System, Memory and Brain Activity Lesson 3.1: How the Limbic System Affects Memory Lesson 3.1.1: Memory Graphics - Downloads Lesson 3.2: Perceptual Blindness and Conscious Overload Lesson 3.3: Brain Activity and Brain Waves Lesson 3.4: Circadian Rhythm Lesson 3.4.1: Exercise Worksheet - Sleep Diary Lesson 3.5:Ultradian Rhythm Module 3 Assessment 8 Module 4: Influences on Your State of Mind, Emotions, Beliefs and Decisions Lesson 4.1: Influences on Your State of Mind Lesson 4.2: Emotional Response vs Decisions Lesson 4.3: Beliefs Lesson 4.4: Identifying Limiting Beliefs Lesson 4.4.1: Exercise Worksheet - Identify Your Limiting Beliefs Lesson 4.5: Limiting Beliefs - Framing Principle, Frame of Reference Lesson 4.5.1: Reframing, Schemas, Meaning Lesson 4.5.2 - Exercise Worksheet - Identify Your Frames of Reference, Schemas and Meaning Lesson 4.6: Values Lesson 4.6.1: Values Exercise Video Explanation Lesson 4.6.1 - Values Exercise WorkSheet Lesson 4.6.2: Beliefs Behind Your Values Video Explanation Lesson 4.6.2 - Exercise Worksheet 2 - Beliefs Behind Your Values Module 4 Assessment 9 Module 5: Behavioural Change Module 5: Introduction Video Lesson 5.1: The Behavioural Change Learning Cycle Behavioural Change Learning Cycle - Video Explanation Behavioural Change Learning Cycle PDF Lesson 5.2: The Intentional Change Model Lesson 5.2.1: Reflective Exercise - Who Helped Me and Who Tried Lesson 5.3: The Intentional Change Model Cont. Module 5 Assessment 10 Part 2 - Techniques Part 2 - Techniques Introduction 11 Module 6: Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt Lesson 6.1: Negative Thought Pattern Interrupt - What Is It? Lesson 6.2: NTPI - The Process Overview Lesson 6.3: NTPI - The Process in Detail Lesson 6.4: NTPI - Live Video Demo with Client 12 Module 7: The Whole Brain State Lesson 7.1: The Whole Brain State (WBS) - Description Lesson 7.2: WBS - The Process Lesson 7.3: The Whole Brain State - Live Video Demo with Client 13 Module 8: Anchoring Lesson 8.1: Brief History of Anchoring Lesson 8.2: Uses of Anchoring Lesson 8.4.1: Icarus Anchoring Process - PDF Download Lesson 8.4: The Anchoring Process Lesson 8.5: Anchoring - Live Video Demo with Client Lesson 8.6: Hot to Bring All Three Techniques Together 14 Bonus Module 3: Personal Needs Lesson B3.1: How are Your Personal Needs Being Fulfilled? Lesson B 3.2 - Exercise Worksheet - Hierarchy of Needs 15 Next steps More resources for you Before you go...

Small Animal Abdominal Ultrasound An online, on demand course

An infant massage course designed by health care professionals for health care professional. Our online, on demand course takes an evidence based approach to infant massage that you can complete at your own pace.