Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course Online This Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course aims to provide practical guidance and specialist knowledge on topics such as housekeeping, catering, front office operations, quality of service, and staff training requirements. This Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course is an in-depth training program for new managers and aspiring professionals in the hospitality and tourism industries. This Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course will give you a solid understanding of the hospitality industry and its key areas, with a focus on different types of hotels and hospitality roles. This Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course will teach you how to manage all hotel operations as well as develop an effective service management program that incorporates safety, security, quality, and cutting-edge technology. By the end of this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course, you will gain all of the necessary skills and knowledge to become a successful Hotel Manager and advance your career in the Hospitality sector. Main Course: Level 5 Hospitality Management Course Free courses included with Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course: Along with Level 5 Hospitality Management Course you will get free Level 7 Diploma in Event Management Along with Level 5 Hospitality Management Course you will get free Food Allergen Awareness Training Special Offers of this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course: This Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course Instant access to this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course 24/7 Support Available to this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course Online Are you ready to develop your talents and have an enthusiasm for the hospitality sector? Look nowhere else! With a thorough curriculum, our Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course covers all facets of hospitality management: hospitality management, from travel and tourism to food safety. You will acquire all the skills and information required to succeed as a hotel manager and enhance your career in the hospitality industry through this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course . Open your key to success with Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course if you want to be a professional specialist. Who is this course for? Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course Online This Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course is ideal for anyone who works in or aspires to work in the hospitality industry, which includes the following professions: - Hospitality Manager, Hotel Manager, Housekeeping Manager, Catering Manager. Requirements Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course Online To enrol in this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course, students must fulfil the following requirements: Good Command over English language is mandatory to enrol in our Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course. Be energetic and self-motivated to complete our Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course. Basic computer Skill is required to complete our Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course. If you want to enrol in our Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course, you must be at least 15 years old. Career path Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course Online Candidates who successfully complete our Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course may pursue a wide range of careers, including: Manager of Maintenance Manager of Marketing Manager of Operations Manager of Sales Event Planner
In the UK, there's a strong demand for Restaurant Supervisors, boasting over 4,000 open positions. While the average annual salary stands at £23,379, it can stretch from £21,450 to £30,000. This presents an excellent prospect for hospitality professionals seeking a rewarding career move. The Restaurant Supervisor course is for those who want to be successful. In the Restaurant Supervisor course, you will learn the essential knowledge needed to become well versed in Restaurant Supervisor. Our Restaurant Supervisor course starts with the basics of Restaurant Supervisor and gradually progresses towards advanced topics. Therefore, each lesson of this Restaurant Supervisor course is intuitive and easy to understand. Why would you choose the Restaurant Supervisor course from Compliance Central: Lifetime access to Restaurant Supervisor course materials Full tutor support is available from Monday to Friday with the Restaurant Supervisor course Learn Restaurant Supervisor skills at your own pace from the comfort of your home Gain a complete understanding of Restaurant Supervisor course Accessible, informative Restaurant Supervisor learning modules designed by experts Get 24/7 help or advice from our email and live chat teams with the Restaurant Supervisor Study Restaurant Supervisor in your own time through your computer, tablet or mobile device A 100% learning satisfaction guarantee with your Restaurant Supervisor course Restaurant Supervisor Curriculum Breakdown of the Restaurant Supervisor Course Module 01: Introduction to Hospitality Management Module 02: An Overview of Hotel Industry Module 03: Restaurant Industry Module 04: Restaurant Leadership and Management Module 05: The Process of Selection and Recruitment in Hospitality Industry Module 06: The Process of Development and Training in Hospitality Industry Module 07: Management of Front Office Operations Module 08: Management of Food and Beverage Operations Module 09: Food Safety - An Introduction Module 10: Supervision of Food Safety Module 11: Food Safety Legislation Module 12: Food Safety Management System Module 13: Food Safety Management Tools Module 14: Contamination Hazards Module 15: Controlling Contamination Module 16: Food Poisoning (Bacterial) and Food-Borne Illness Module 17: Food Poisoning (Non-Bacterial) Module 18: Personal Hygiene Module 19: Food Premises and Equipment: The Design and Construction Module 20: Pest Management Module 21: Food Safety Training for the Staff CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? The Restaurant Supervisor course helps aspiring professionals who want to obtain the knowledge and familiarise themselves with the skillsets to pursue a career in Restaurant Supervisor. It is also great for professionals who are already working in Restaurant Supervisor and want to get promoted at work. Requirements To enrol in this Restaurant Supervisor course, all you need is a basic understanding of the English Language and an internet connection. Career path The Restaurant Supervisor course will enhance your knowledge and improve your confidence in exploring opportunities in various sectors related to Restaurant Supervisor. Restaurant Supervisor: £20,000 to £30,000 per year Food and Beverage Manager: £25,000 to £40,000 per year Hospitality Manager: £30,000 to £50,000 per year Catering Manager: £25,000 to £40,000 per year Certificates CPD Accredited PDF Certificate Digital certificate - Included CPD Accredited PDF Certificate CPD Accredited Hard Copy Certificate Hard copy certificate - £10.79 CPD Accredited Hard Copy Certificate Delivery Charge: Inside the UK: Free Outside of the UK: £9.99 each
Are you looking to improve your current abilities or make a career move? Our unique Hotel Management & Administrative Skills Course might help you get there! Expand your expertise with high-quality training - study and get an expertly designed, great-value training experience. Learn from industry professionals and quickly equip yourself with the specific knowledge and skills you need to excel in your chosen career through the Hotel online training course. Students can expect to complete this Hotel Management & Administrative Skills training course in around 7 hours. You'll also get dedicated expert assistance from us to answer any queries you may have while studying our course. This course is broken down into several in-depth modules to provide you with the most convenient and rich learning experience possible. Upon successful completion of this course, you will receive an instant e-certificate as proof of comprehensive skill development and competency. Add these amazing new skills to your resume and boost your employability by simply enrolling on this course. With this comprehensive course, you can achieve your dreams and train for your ideal career. The provides students with an in-depth learning experience that they can work through at their own pace to enhance their professional development. The covers everything you need in order to progress in your chosen career. Enrolling on this course will ensure that you land your dream career faster than you thought possible. Stand out from the crowd and train for the job you want with the program. The Hotel Management & Administrative Skills course has been designed by experts, to create a rich and in-depth training experience for all the students who enrol on it. Enrol on the course now and get instant access to all course materials. Then, enjoy the course materials online from any internet-enabled device and learn when it suits you. Start your learning journey with this course straight away and take a step forward in securing a better future! Why should you choose this course with Academy for Health & Fitness? Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by CPD after completing this course Student ID card with amazing discounts - completely for FREE! (£10 postal charges will be applicable for international delivery) Globally accepted standard structured lesson planning Innovative and engaging contents and activities Assessments that measure higher-level thinking and skills Complete this program in your own time, at your own pace Each of our students gets full 24/7 tutor support Curriculum of this Course: Our course consists of the following learning modules: Introduction to the Course Course Objectives Module 01: An Overview of Hotel Reception Customer Service Duties Financial Duties Overlap with Concierge Required Skills Promotion Potential Essential Skills for a Receptionist Hotel Receptionist Training Basic Training Technology Training Other Duties Length of Training Become a Successful Hotel Receptionist Learning About the Role Gaining Experience Finding a Job Career Path Ideal Skills Working Hours, Patterns and Environment Career Path and Progression Module 02: Hotel Reception Standard Procedures Standard Operating Procedures Most Common Tasks in The Hotel Reception Guest Registration and Check in Process Email Bookings Pre-Arrival Checks Module 03: Customer Service in Hotel Reception Customer Service High Quality Customer Service Module 04: Communication Skills Required for Hotel Reception The Importance of Effective Communication Verbal Communication Visual Communication Benefits of Effective Communication in the Hotel Industry Conduct Staff Training Results of Great Communication Skills Importance of Front Office Communication Interdepartmental Communication Switchboard Operators Do's and Don'ts of Hotel Communication Essential Attributes of Front Office Staff Effective Speaking The Effect of Breath on Voice and Speech Vocal Production Module 05: Telephone Handling in a Hotel Call Handling Greeting the Call Blind Transfer Reservation Enquiries Ending the Call For Reservations For General Enquiries Build Telephone Skills for Telephone Operators Telephone Systems for Hotels An Intelligent, Affordable Phone System for Your Hotel Enhancing Your Guests' Experience Supporting Different Users Drive Down Voice and Data Costs Increasing Your Revenue Module 06: How to Handle Difficult Hotel Guests Dealing with Stressful Situations Dealing with the Noise Issue Patience Is the Key How to Deal with An Angry Hotel Customer Follow Up The Bottom Line Module 07: Administrative Skills as a Hotel Receptionist Skills Why Organizational Skills Are Important Module 08: Computer Skills and Programs Top Computer Skills Module 09: Brand Standards in the Hospitality World Introduction to Branding in the Hospitality Industry The Importance of Branding to Your Hospitality Business Building Your Brand Target Whom You Want to Serve Give Customers a Great Experience at Every Point of Contact Module 10: Being a Team Player: Working with Other Hotel Departments Important Aspects to Encourage Teamwork in Hospitality Qualities that Make a Good Team Player Great Characteristics of a Great Team Player Module 11: Safety and Security in the Hotel Use Intelligent Access Control Systems Move to Mobile Keys Install Advanced Surveillance Technology Train Employees to Know Safety Procedures Keep Your Guests Informed Tighten Cyber Security Some Ways to Help Boost Hotel Security for Guests and Employees Safety and Security of Guests, Employees and Assets Bomb Threat Security Safety and Security Measures for Women Hotel Guests Safety Issues Fire in Hotel Module 12: Sales and Marketing as a Hotel Receptionist Selling Techniques Brainstorming areas for promotion Sales Skills Tools for Marketing Your Hospitality Business Module 13: Dressing the Part: Creating the Professional Look in Hospitality Dressing for a Hospitality Job What to Wear for a Restaurant Job What to Wear for a Hotel Job What to Wear for a Resort or Spa Job What to Wear to a Hospitality Interview Module 14: Keeping Stress Under Control on the Job Stress in the Workplace When is Workplace Stress Too Much? How Managers or Employers Can Reduce Stress at Work Module 15: Legal Issues in Hospitality Hotels Laws UK Importance of Knowledge of Laws in The Hospitality Industry How OSHA Regulations Affect the Hotel Business Module 16: The Future for Hotel Receptionists The Role of the Hotel Receptionist Skills of a Good Receptionist Assessment Process Once you have completed all the modules in the course, your skills and knowledge will be tested with an automated multiple-choice assessment. You will then receive instant results to let you know if you have successfully passed the course. Show off Your New Skills With a Certification of Completion The learners have to successfully complete the assessment of this course to achieve the CPD accredited certificate. Digital certificates can be ordered for only £10. The learner can purchase printed hard copies inside the UK for £29, and international students can purchase printed hard copies for £39. Who is this course for? Is This Hotel Management & Administrative Skills Course Right for You? This course is ideal for anyone interested in this topic and who wants to learn more about it. This course will help you gain a strong understanding of the core concepts and will allow you to gain in-depth knowledge of the subject matter. This course is suitable for everyone. There are no specific entry requirements, and you can access the course materials from anywhere in the world. Requirements There are no previous knowledge requirements for the Hotel Management & Administrative Skills program; this is open to anyone! Any learning enthusiast from anywhere in the world can enrol on this course without any hesitation. All students must have a passion for learning and literacy, as well as being over the age of 16. Browse this 100% online course from any internet device, including your computer, tablet or smartphone. Study at your own pace and earn an industry Skillset with this course. Career path This Hotel Management & Administrative Skills course will help you to kickstart or take your career in the relevant sector to the next level. This course will help you achieve a position of respect and dignity, and you will be able to get ahead of the competition. The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will help you in procuring jobs in the relevant industry.
Level 3, 4 & 7 QLS Endorsed Diploma | QLS Hard Copy Certificate Included | Plus 10 CPD Courses | Lifetime Access
Hotel Management : Hotel Management This comprehensive Diploma in Hotel Management Course course has been designed to provide you with a thorough understanding of the hospitality industry and equip you with the skills needed to manage and operate a successful hotel. This Diploma in Hotel Management course will help you to learn about the different departments of hotel management, including reception, housekeeping, hiring and training in hotel management, catering system, marketing and advertising, and hospitality quality assurance systems. With this Diploma in Hotel Management course you will also gain an understanding of revenue management, customer service, and the importance of maintaining a positive reputation. At the end of the Diploma in Hotel Management course, you will have the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in a variety of roles within the hospitality industry, from hotel management to event planning to tourism and travel. Enroll in this Diploma in Hotel Management course now and start your journey towards a rewarding career in Hotel Management! Special Offers of this Hotel Management Course This Hotel Management Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this Hotel Management Course Instant access to this Hotel Management Course Get FREE Tutor Support from Monday to Friday in this Hotel Management Course Free Courses including Hotel Management Course 01: Hotel Management Course 02: Hospitality Management Course 03: Customer Service [ Note: Free PDF certificate will provide as soon as completing the Hotel Management: Hotel Management course ] Hotel Management: Hotel Management Industry Experts Designed this Hotel Management: Hotel Management course into 11 detailed modules. Assessment Method of Diploma in Hotel Management After completing each module of the Hotel Management: Diploma in Hotel Management Course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Certification of Diploma in Hotel Management After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Hotel Management: Diploma in Hotel Management course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. Who is this course for? Hotel Management The online Diploma in hotel management course is intended for students who want to pursue professions in hotel management. A Diploma in hotel management course is particularly beneficial for learners who currently have a position in the hotel business and wish to advance their career in hotel management : hotel management. This Hotel Management Course is suitable for students, recent grads, and job seekers. The Hotel Management course is also appropriate for anybody interested in hotel management : hotel management, as well as those who are already working in this industry and want to improve their knowledge and skills. Requirements Hotel Management Students who intend to enrol in this Hotel Management : Hotel Management Course must meet the following requirements: hotel management: Good command of the English language hotel management: Must be vivacious and self-driven hotel management: Basic computer knowledge hotel management: A minimum of 16 years of age is required Career path Hotel Management : Hotel Management
Hospitality: Hospitality Course Online Our Level 5 Hospitality Management programme might help you discover your passion for a career in a service-based sector. Are you ready to develop your talents and have an enthusiasm for the hospitality sector? Look nowhere else! With a thorough curriculum, our Level 5 Hospitality Management covers all facets of hospitality management, from travel and tourism to food safety. With its nine specific modules, this Level 5 Hospitality Management the course will provide you with a strong grasp. This Level 5 Hospitality Management explains the fundamentals of the hospitality sector and its main divisions. By the help of Level 5 Hospitality Management You will examine the industry overview with an emphasis on various hotel kings and hospitality roles, changes, growth, and operations. With Level 5 Hospitality Management You will also learn how to manage marketing campaigns. Take the first step towards a lucrative career in the hospitality business by enrolling right away in our Level 5 Hospitality Management. Main Course: Level 5 Hospitality Management Course Free Courses are including with this Hospitality: Hospitality Course Along with The Hospitality: Hospitality Course, We Offer a free Level 5 Travel & Tourism Course Along with Hospitality: Hospitality Course, We Offer a free Level 2 Customer Service Course Special Offers of this Hospitality: Hospitality Course This Hospitality: Hospitality Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this Hospitality: Hospitality Course Instant access to this Hospitality: Hospitality Course Get FREE Tutor Support to this Hospitality: Hospitality Course Hospitality: Hospitality Course Online With an emphasis on various hotel kinds and hospitality positions, this course on hospitality management will provide you with a strong understanding of the hospitality sector and its important areas. This course on hospitality management will teach you how to create a service management program that integrates cutting-edge technology, safety, security, and quality, as well as how to manage all hotel operations. Who is this course for? Hospitality: Hospitality Course Online For people who are enthusiastic about the hotel sector and want to thrive in a variety of professions within it, this Level 5 Hospitality Management programme is perfect. It is appropriate for: Job seekers Event planners Culinary enthusiastics Hospitality professionals seeking advancement Hospitality business owners Entrepreneurs seeking to expand their knowledge. Receptionists or customer service representatives working in the hospitality industry. Requirements Hospitality: Hospitality Course Online To enrol in this Hospitality: Hospitality Course, students must fulfil the following requirements. To join in our Hospitality: Hospitality Course, you must have a strong command of the English language. To successfully complete our Hospitality: Hospitality Course, you must be vivacious and self driven. To complete our Hospitality: Hospitality Course, you must have a basic understanding of computers. A minimum age limit of 15 is required to enrol in this Hospitality: Hospitality Course. Career path Hospitality: Hospitality Course Online Candidates who successfully completed our Level 5 Hospitality Management programme can choose from a variety of careers, such as director of maintenance, marketing, operations, sales, and event planner, all of which provide handsome salaries in the UK between £30,000 and £60,000 annually.
Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course The purpose of this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course qualification is to provide practical guidance and specialist knowledge on topics such as housekeeping, catering, front office operations, quality of service, and staff training needs. This Hospitality Management is a comprehensive training course for new managers and aspiring professionals in the hospitality and tourism sector. Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course The purpose of this Hospitality Management: Hospitality Management Course qualification is to provide practical guidance and specialist knowledge on topics such as housekeeping, catering, front office operations, quality of service, and staff training needs. This Hospitality Management is a comprehensive training course for new managers and aspiring professionals in the hospitality and tourism sector. Who is this course for? Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course Anyone who works in or wants to work in the hospitality business should take this course on Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course. Requirements Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course To enrol in this Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course, students must fulfil the following requirements. To join in ourTourism and Hospitality Management Course, you must have a strong command of the English language. To successfully complete our Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course, you must be vivacious and self driven. To complete our Tourism and Hospitality Management Course, you must have a basic understanding of computers. A minimum age limit of 15 is required to enrol in this Tourism and Hospitality Management Course Career path Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course You will be able to find employment in a variety of industries after finishing this Level 4 Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management Course, including restaurant management, hospitality assistant manager, and hospitality manager.
24 Hour Flash Deal **25-in-1 Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Mega Bundle** Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Enrolment Gifts **FREE PDF Certificate**FREE PDF Transcript ** FREE Exam** FREE Student ID ** Lifetime Access **FREE Enrolment Letter ** Take the initial steps toward a successful long-term career by studying the Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma package online with Studyhub through our online learning platform. The Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma bundle can help you improve your CV, wow potential employers, and differentiate yourself from the mass. This Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma course provides complete 360-degree training on Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma. You'll get not one, not two, not three, but twenty-five Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma courses included in this course. Plus Studyhub's signature Forever Access is given as always, meaning these Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma courses are yours for as long as you want them once you enrol in this course This Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Bundle consists the following career oriented courses: Course 01: Travel and Tourism Course 02: Hospitality Management Course 03: Travel Blogger Course 04: Travel Writing Workshop: Crafting Inspiring Travel Narratives Course 05: Exploring Sustainable Ecotourism Practices Around the World Course 06: Recreation and Leisure Management Diploma Course 07: Transport Manager Course 08: Hotel Concierge Certification Course 09: Hospitality Compliance Management Course Course 10: Event Planning and Management Training Course 11: Catering Management Course 12: Hotel Management with Hotel Receptionist and Hospitality Management Course 13: Smartphone Photography Online Course Course 14: Street Photography Training Course Course 15: Food Hygiene and Safety - Standards & Practices Course 16: Business Management Course 17: Customer Relationship Management Course 18: Leadership & Management Training Course 19: Effective Communication Skills Diploma Course 20: Business Networking Skills Course 21: Influencing and Negotiation Skills Course 22: Delegation Skills Training Course 23: Time Management Course 24: International Law Certificate Course 25: Decision Making and Critical Thinking Online Course The Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma course has been prepared by focusing largely on Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma career readiness. It has been designed by our Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma specialists in a manner that you will be likely to find yourself head and shoulders above the others. For better learning, one to one assistance will also be provided if it's required by any learners. The Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Bundle is one of the most prestigious training offered at StudyHub and is highly valued by employers for good reason. This Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma bundle course has been created with twenty-five premium courses to provide our learners with the best learning experience possible to increase their understanding of their chosen field. This Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Course, like every one of Study Hub's courses, is meticulously developed and well researched. Every one of the topics is divided into Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Elementary modules, allowing our students to grasp each lesson quickly. The Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma course is self-paced and can be taken from the comfort of your home, office, or on the go! With our Student ID card you will get discounts on things like music, food, travel and clothes etc. In this exclusive Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma bundle, you really hit the jackpot. Here's what you get: Step by step Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma lessons One to one assistance from Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma professionals if you need it Innovative exams to test your knowledge after the Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Course 24/7 customer support should you encounter any hiccups Top-class learning portal Unlimited lifetime access to all twenty-five Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma courses Digital Certificate, Transcript and student ID are all included in the price PDF certificate immediately after passing Original copies of your Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma certificate and transcript on the next working day Easily learn the Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma skills and knowledge you want from the comfort of your home CPD 250 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma training is suitable for - Students Recent graduates Job Seekers Individuals who are already employed in the relevant sectors and wish to enhance their knowledge and expertise in Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Also, for those who are interested to enrol in further - Travel agent, IGCSE Travel & Tourism, Level 2 Certificate in Travel and Tourism, Level 2 Diploma in Travel and Tourism, Level 3 Diploma in Travel and Tourism, Level 5 Diploma in Management for Travel and Tourism, Level 1/Level 2 First Certificate in Travel and Tourism etc. Requirements To participate in this Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma course, all you need is - A smart device A secure internet connection And a keen interest in Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma Career path You will be able to kickstart your Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma career because this course includes various courses as a bonus. This Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma is an excellent opportunity for you to learn multiple skills from the convenience of your own home and explore Advanced Travel & Tourism Diploma career opportunities. Certificates CPD Accredited Certificate Digital certificate - Included CPD Accredited e-Certificate - Free CPD Accredited Hardcopy Certificate - Free Enrolment Letter - Free Student ID Card - Free
If you want to improve your or your team ability to resolve and reduce conflicts, feel free to check out my Training course focusing on conflict resolution.