18433 Improv courses in Cardiff delivered Online

Course Duration: Half-day or full-day program (with virtual delivery options) Target Audience: Mid-to-senior level leaders, executives, managers, HR professionals, and leadership development coaches looking to enhance their leadership capabilities and create high-performing teams. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the role of coaching in leadership development and high-impact performance. Learn effective coaching strategies to inspire and elevate team performance. Develop skills in active listening, providing feedback, and fostering accountability. Enhance their ability to set clear goals, motivate teams, and create a culture of continuous improvement. Build an action plan for coaching their teams towards high-impact performance. Course Outline Module 1: The Role of Leadership in High-Impact Performance What defines high-impact leadership and performance? The difference between managing and coaching: leadership approaches that drive results The impact of leadership on organisational culture, productivity, and morale Essential leadership competencies for driving high performance Module 2: The Coaching Mindset Understanding the coaching mindset: shifting from directive leadership to empowering leadership Coaching as a tool for leadership development and team performance The benefits of a growth mindset in leadership and performance Key attributes of an effective coach: empathy, active listening, emotional intelligence Module 3: Key Coaching Skills for Leaders Active listening: asking the right questions, listening beyond the words Giving and receiving feedback: providing constructive feedback to motivate and improve performance Building rapport and trust with team members Coaching for growth: helping individuals unlock their potential and build confidence Challenging and supporting: knowing when to push for growth and when to provide support Module 4: Setting Clear, Achievable Goals The importance of goal-setting in coaching for high-performance Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) Aligning team goals with organisational objectives and strategy Techniques for holding team members accountable to their goals Creating a culture of continuous feedback and improvement Module 5: Motivating and Inspiring Teams The psychology of motivation: intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation Leveraging strengths: identifying and utilising team members’ core strengths for high impact Building team ownership: fostering a sense of responsibility and autonomy Using recognition and reward systems to motivate performance Building resilience: coaching through setbacks and challenges Module 6: Coaching for Performance and Development Balancing short-term performance goals with long-term development needs Identifying potential and growth opportunities in your team Conducting effective one-on-one coaching sessions: structure and frameworks Using assessments and data to drive coaching decisions (e.g., 360-degree feedback, performance metrics) Encouraging self-reflection and self-coaching in team members Module 7: Leading through Change and Uncertainty Coaching leaders to navigate change: resilience in times of uncertainty The role of leadership in creating clarity and stability during change Helping teams embrace change and uncertainty with a growth mindset Leading with emotional intelligence during periods of transition Module 8: Action Planning for High-Impact Leadership Coaching Reflecting on your coaching style and leadership strengths Developing an action plan for coaching individual team members and leading high-performing teams Defining key coaching strategies and techniques for ongoing leadership development Creating a culture of feedback and continuous growth within your team Setting up regular check-ins and performance reviews to monitor progress Delivery Style Highly interactive with coaching demonstrations, role-playing, and peer-to-peer coaching exercises Real-world case studies and leadership scenarios to apply key concepts Practical tools, templates, and frameworks for implementing coaching in the workplace Personal action planning for leadership development and team performance Group discussions and reflection activities Course Materials Provided Leadership Coaching Framework and Templates SMART Goals Worksheet and Coaching Conversation Guide Feedback and Accountability Tools Leadership Development Action Plan Resource list: Books, podcasts, and articles on leadership coaching Optional Add-ons One-on-one leadership coaching sessions for personalised development Post-course check-ins and follow-up coaching to track progress Group coaching sessions for team leaders to share best practices and support one another Tailored modules focused on specific leadership challenges (e.g., change management, team dynamics)

Course Duration: Half-day or full-day program (with virtual delivery options) Target Audience: Mid-to-senior level leaders, executives, managers, HR professionals, and leadership development coaches looking to enhance their leadership capabilities and create high-performing teams. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the role of coaching in leadership development and high-impact performance. Learn effective coaching strategies to inspire and elevate team performance. Develop skills in active listening, providing feedback, and fostering accountability. Enhance their ability to set clear goals, motivate teams, and create a culture of continuous improvement. Build an action plan for coaching their teams towards high-impact performance. Course Outline Module 1: The Role of Leadership in High-Impact Performance What defines high-impact leadership and performance? The difference between managing and coaching: leadership approaches that drive results The impact of leadership on organisational culture, productivity, and morale Essential leadership competencies for driving high performance Module 2: The Coaching Mindset Understanding the coaching mindset: shifting from directive leadership to empowering leadership Coaching as a tool for leadership development and team performance The benefits of a growth mindset in leadership and performance Key attributes of an effective coach: empathy, active listening, emotional intelligence Module 3: Key Coaching Skills for Leaders Active listening: asking the right questions, listening beyond the words Giving and receiving feedback: providing constructive feedback to motivate and improve performance Building rapport and trust with team members Coaching for growth: helping individuals unlock their potential and build confidence Challenging and supporting: knowing when to push for growth and when to provide support Module 4: Setting Clear, Achievable Goals The importance of goal-setting in coaching for high-performance Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) Aligning team goals with organisational objectives and strategy Techniques for holding team members accountable to their goals Creating a culture of continuous feedback and improvement Module 5: Motivating and Inspiring Teams The psychology of motivation: intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation Leveraging strengths: identifying and utilising team members’ core strengths for high impact Building team ownership: fostering a sense of responsibility and autonomy Using recognition and reward systems to motivate performance Building resilience: coaching through setbacks and challenges Module 6: Coaching for Performance and Development Balancing short-term performance goals with long-term development needs Identifying potential and growth opportunities in your team Conducting effective one-on-one coaching sessions: structure and frameworks Using assessments and data to drive coaching decisions (e.g., 360-degree feedback, performance metrics) Encouraging self-reflection and self-coaching in team members Module 7: Leading through Change and Uncertainty Coaching leaders to navigate change: resilience in times of uncertainty The role of leadership in creating clarity and stability during change Helping teams embrace change and uncertainty with a growth mindset Leading with emotional intelligence during periods of transition Module 8: Action Planning for High-Impact Leadership Coaching Reflecting on your coaching style and leadership strengths Developing an action plan for coaching individual team members and leading high-performing teams Defining key coaching strategies and techniques for ongoing leadership development Creating a culture of feedback and continuous growth within your team Setting up regular check-ins and performance reviews to monitor progress Delivery Style Highly interactive with coaching demonstrations, role-playing, and peer-to-peer coaching exercises Real-world case studies and leadership scenarios to apply key concepts Practical tools, templates, and frameworks for implementing coaching in the workplace Personal action planning for leadership development and team performance Group discussions and reflection activities Course Materials Provided Leadership Coaching Framework and Templates SMART Goals Worksheet and Coaching Conversation Guide Feedback and Accountability Tools Leadership Development Action Plan Resource list: Books, podcasts, and articles on leadership coaching Optional Add-ons One-on-one leadership coaching sessions for personalised development Post-course check-ins and follow-up coaching to track progress Group coaching sessions for team leaders to share best practices and support one another Tailored modules focused on specific leadership challenges (e.g., change management, team dynamics)

Course Duration: Half-day or full-day program (with virtual delivery options) Target Audience: Mid-to-senior level leaders, executives, managers, HR professionals, and leadership development coaches looking to enhance their leadership capabilities and create high-performing teams. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the role of coaching in leadership development and high-impact performance. Learn effective coaching strategies to inspire and elevate team performance. Develop skills in active listening, providing feedback, and fostering accountability. Enhance their ability to set clear goals, motivate teams, and create a culture of continuous improvement. Build an action plan for coaching their teams towards high-impact performance. Course Outline Module 1: The Role of Leadership in High-Impact Performance What defines high-impact leadership and performance? The difference between managing and coaching: leadership approaches that drive results The impact of leadership on organisational culture, productivity, and morale Essential leadership competencies for driving high performance Module 2: The Coaching Mindset Understanding the coaching mindset: shifting from directive leadership to empowering leadership Coaching as a tool for leadership development and team performance The benefits of a growth mindset in leadership and performance Key attributes of an effective coach: empathy, active listening, emotional intelligence Module 3: Key Coaching Skills for Leaders Active listening: asking the right questions, listening beyond the words Giving and receiving feedback: providing constructive feedback to motivate and improve performance Building rapport and trust with team members Coaching for growth: helping individuals unlock their potential and build confidence Challenging and supporting: knowing when to push for growth and when to provide support Module 4: Setting Clear, Achievable Goals The importance of goal-setting in coaching for high-performance Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) Aligning team goals with organisational objectives and strategy Techniques for holding team members accountable to their goals Creating a culture of continuous feedback and improvement Module 5: Motivating and Inspiring Teams The psychology of motivation: intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation Leveraging strengths: identifying and utilising team members’ core strengths for high impact Building team ownership: fostering a sense of responsibility and autonomy Using recognition and reward systems to motivate performance Building resilience: coaching through setbacks and challenges Module 6: Coaching for Performance and Development Balancing short-term performance goals with long-term development needs Identifying potential and growth opportunities in your team Conducting effective one-on-one coaching sessions: structure and frameworks Using assessments and data to drive coaching decisions (e.g., 360-degree feedback, performance metrics) Encouraging self-reflection and self-coaching in team members Module 7: Leading through Change and Uncertainty Coaching leaders to navigate change: resilience in times of uncertainty The role of leadership in creating clarity and stability during change Helping teams embrace change and uncertainty with a growth mindset Leading with emotional intelligence during periods of transition Module 8: Action Planning for High-Impact Leadership Coaching Reflecting on your coaching style and leadership strengths Developing an action plan for coaching individual team members and leading high-performing teams Defining key coaching strategies and techniques for ongoing leadership development Creating a culture of feedback and continuous growth within your team Setting up regular check-ins and performance reviews to monitor progress Delivery Style Highly interactive with coaching demonstrations, role-playing, and peer-to-peer coaching exercises Real-world case studies and leadership scenarios to apply key concepts Practical tools, templates, and frameworks for implementing coaching in the workplace Personal action planning for leadership development and team performance Group discussions and reflection activities Course Materials Provided Leadership Coaching Framework and Templates SMART Goals Worksheet and Coaching Conversation Guide Feedback and Accountability Tools Leadership Development Action Plan Resource list: Books, podcasts, and articles on leadership coaching Optional Add-ons One-on-one leadership coaching sessions for personalised development Post-course check-ins and follow-up coaching to track progress Group coaching sessions for team leaders to share best practices and support one another Tailored modules focused on specific leadership challenges (e.g., change management, team dynamics)

Course Duration: 1 day (or 2 half-day sessions) Target Audience: Anyone who delivers presentations in a professional setting – including team members, managers, project leads, or executives – who want to improve confidence, clarity, and impact when speaking. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Prepare and structure engaging presentations for different audiences. Deliver content with confidence, clarity, and professionalism. Use body language, voice, and visual aids effectively. Manage nerves and build a strong connection with the audience. Handle questions and unexpected situations with poise. Course Outline Module 1: Understanding Effective Presentations What makes a presentation effective? Common mistakes and how to avoid them Aligning your message with the audience’s needs Module 2: Planning and Structuring Your Message Setting clear objectives The “power of three” and other storytelling structures Openings and closings that stick Making content memorable and persuasive Module 3: Delivering with Confidence Managing nerves and performance anxiety Using your voice: tone, pace, and projection Body language and posture Eye contact and engagement strategies Module 4: Visual Aids and Presentation Tools Designing slides that support (not distract) Tips for using PowerPoint or Canva effectively Alternatives to slides (e.g. props, whiteboards, storytelling) Module 5: Engaging Your Audience Reading the room and adjusting your delivery Encouraging interaction and participation Handling difficult questions or interruptions Time management and staying on message Module 6: Practice and Feedback Participants deliver a short presentation (2–5 minutes) Peer and facilitator feedback Self-reflection and improvement planning Delivery Style Interactive, supportive environment Role-playing, practical exercises, and real-time coaching Optional video recordings for feedback Course Materials Provided Participant workbook and slide templates Presentation preparation checklist Self-assessment and feedback forms Tips for virtual presentations (Zoom, Teams) Optional Add-ons (for 2-day version) Extended practice time with filming and playback Advanced storytelling and persuasive techniques Coaching for high-stakes presentations (e.g. board meetings, conferences)

Course Duration: 1 day (or 2 half-day sessions) Target Audience: Anyone who delivers presentations in a professional setting – including team members, managers, project leads, or executives – who want to improve confidence, clarity, and impact when speaking. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Prepare and structure engaging presentations for different audiences. Deliver content with confidence, clarity, and professionalism. Use body language, voice, and visual aids effectively. Manage nerves and build a strong connection with the audience. Handle questions and unexpected situations with poise. Course Outline Module 1: Understanding Effective Presentations What makes a presentation effective? Common mistakes and how to avoid them Aligning your message with the audience’s needs Module 2: Planning and Structuring Your Message Setting clear objectives The “power of three” and other storytelling structures Openings and closings that stick Making content memorable and persuasive Module 3: Delivering with Confidence Managing nerves and performance anxiety Using your voice: tone, pace, and projection Body language and posture Eye contact and engagement strategies Module 4: Visual Aids and Presentation Tools Designing slides that support (not distract) Tips for using PowerPoint or Canva effectively Alternatives to slides (e.g. props, whiteboards, storytelling) Module 5: Engaging Your Audience Reading the room and adjusting your delivery Encouraging interaction and participation Handling difficult questions or interruptions Time management and staying on message Module 6: Practice and Feedback Participants deliver a short presentation (2–5 minutes) Peer and facilitator feedback Self-reflection and improvement planning Delivery Style Interactive, supportive environment Role-playing, practical exercises, and real-time coaching Optional video recordings for feedback Course Materials Provided Participant workbook and slide templates Presentation preparation checklist Self-assessment and feedback forms Tips for virtual presentations (Zoom, Teams) Optional Add-ons (for 2-day version) Extended practice time with filming and playback Advanced storytelling and persuasive techniques Coaching for high-stakes presentations (e.g. board meetings, conferences)

Course Duration: 1 day (or 2 half-day sessions) Target Audience: Anyone who delivers presentations in a professional setting – including team members, managers, project leads, or executives – who want to improve confidence, clarity, and impact when speaking. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Prepare and structure engaging presentations for different audiences. Deliver content with confidence, clarity, and professionalism. Use body language, voice, and visual aids effectively. Manage nerves and build a strong connection with the audience. Handle questions and unexpected situations with poise. Course Outline Module 1: Understanding Effective Presentations What makes a presentation effective? Common mistakes and how to avoid them Aligning your message with the audience’s needs Module 2: Planning and Structuring Your Message Setting clear objectives The “power of three” and other storytelling structures Openings and closings that stick Making content memorable and persuasive Module 3: Delivering with Confidence Managing nerves and performance anxiety Using your voice: tone, pace, and projection Body language and posture Eye contact and engagement strategies Module 4: Visual Aids and Presentation Tools Designing slides that support (not distract) Tips for using PowerPoint or Canva effectively Alternatives to slides (e.g. props, whiteboards, storytelling) Module 5: Engaging Your Audience Reading the room and adjusting your delivery Encouraging interaction and participation Handling difficult questions or interruptions Time management and staying on message Module 6: Practice and Feedback Participants deliver a short presentation (2–5 minutes) Peer and facilitator feedback Self-reflection and improvement planning Delivery Style Interactive, supportive environment Role-playing, practical exercises, and real-time coaching Optional video recordings for feedback Course Materials Provided Participant workbook and slide templates Presentation preparation checklist Self-assessment and feedback forms Tips for virtual presentations (Zoom, Teams) Optional Add-ons (for 2-day version) Extended practice time with filming and playback Advanced storytelling and persuasive techniques Coaching for high-stakes presentations (e.g. board meetings, conferences)

Course Duration: 1–2 days (or modular format across 3–4 sessions) Target Audience: Professionals at all levels seeking to improve workplace communication, strengthen relationships, and increase collaboration and influence. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Communicate clearly and confidently in a range of professional situations. Adapt communication styles to suit different audiences and contexts. Build strong interpersonal relationships using emotional intelligence. Navigate difficult conversations and resolve conflict effectively. Enhance active listening, feedback, and assertiveness skills. Course Outline Module 1: Foundations of Communication The communication process: sender, receiver, and barriers Verbal, non-verbal, and written communication The impact of tone, body language, and intent Common communication pitfalls in the workplace Module 2: Developing Interpersonal Awareness Self-awareness and emotional intelligence (EQ) Understanding personal communication styles (DISC, MBTI or similar tools) Building rapport and trust The importance of empathy in professional relationships Module 3: Active Listening and Feedback Skills Listening to understand vs listening to respond Techniques for active listening Giving feedback constructively Receiving and acting on feedback Module 4: Assertive Communication Passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive vs assertive styles Setting boundaries and expressing needs clearly Using “I” statements and confident body language Role-playing assertiveness scenarios Module 5: Adapting Communication to Context Communicating with different personality types Navigating workplace hierarchy and power dynamics Cultural sensitivity and inclusive language Tailoring communication for emails, meetings, and presentations Module 6: Managing Difficult Conversations and Conflict Identifying sources of conflict Conflict resolution strategies (e.g. Interest-Based Relational Approach) Staying calm under pressure Structuring difficult conversations using frameworks (e.g. SBI – Situation, Behaviour, Impact) Module 7: Collaborative Communication in Teams The role of communication in high-performing teams Group dynamics and psychological safety Facilitating discussions and encouraging contribution Virtual communication best practices Delivery Style Engaging facilitation with practical exercises Role-plays, group discussions, and real-life scenarios Self-reflection activities and personal action planning Assessment and Outcomes Participation in interactive activities Completion of a communication skills self-assessment Development of a personalised communication improvement plan Course Materials Provided Participant workbook and slides Communication style diagnostic tool (optional) Templates for feedback and conversation planning Follow-up resources and reading list

Course Duration: 1–2 days (or modular format across 3–4 sessions) Target Audience: Professionals at all levels seeking to improve workplace communication, strengthen relationships, and increase collaboration and influence. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Communicate clearly and confidently in a range of professional situations. Adapt communication styles to suit different audiences and contexts. Build strong interpersonal relationships using emotional intelligence. Navigate difficult conversations and resolve conflict effectively. Enhance active listening, feedback, and assertiveness skills. Course Outline Module 1: Foundations of Communication The communication process: sender, receiver, and barriers Verbal, non-verbal, and written communication The impact of tone, body language, and intent Common communication pitfalls in the workplace Module 2: Developing Interpersonal Awareness Self-awareness and emotional intelligence (EQ) Understanding personal communication styles (DISC, MBTI or similar tools) Building rapport and trust The importance of empathy in professional relationships Module 3: Active Listening and Feedback Skills Listening to understand vs listening to respond Techniques for active listening Giving feedback constructively Receiving and acting on feedback Module 4: Assertive Communication Passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive vs assertive styles Setting boundaries and expressing needs clearly Using “I” statements and confident body language Role-playing assertiveness scenarios Module 5: Adapting Communication to Context Communicating with different personality types Navigating workplace hierarchy and power dynamics Cultural sensitivity and inclusive language Tailoring communication for emails, meetings, and presentations Module 6: Managing Difficult Conversations and Conflict Identifying sources of conflict Conflict resolution strategies (e.g. Interest-Based Relational Approach) Staying calm under pressure Structuring difficult conversations using frameworks (e.g. SBI – Situation, Behaviour, Impact) Module 7: Collaborative Communication in Teams The role of communication in high-performing teams Group dynamics and psychological safety Facilitating discussions and encouraging contribution Virtual communication best practices Delivery Style Engaging facilitation with practical exercises Role-plays, group discussions, and real-life scenarios Self-reflection activities and personal action planning Assessment and Outcomes Participation in interactive activities Completion of a communication skills self-assessment Development of a personalised communication improvement plan Course Materials Provided Participant workbook and slides Communication style diagnostic tool (optional) Templates for feedback and conversation planning Follow-up resources and reading list

Course Duration: 1–2 days (or modular format across 3–4 sessions) Target Audience: Professionals at all levels seeking to improve workplace communication, strengthen relationships, and increase collaboration and influence. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Communicate clearly and confidently in a range of professional situations. Adapt communication styles to suit different audiences and contexts. Build strong interpersonal relationships using emotional intelligence. Navigate difficult conversations and resolve conflict effectively. Enhance active listening, feedback, and assertiveness skills. Course Outline Module 1: Foundations of Communication The communication process: sender, receiver, and barriers Verbal, non-verbal, and written communication The impact of tone, body language, and intent Common communication pitfalls in the workplace Module 2: Developing Interpersonal Awareness Self-awareness and emotional intelligence (EQ) Understanding personal communication styles (DISC, MBTI or similar tools) Building rapport and trust The importance of empathy in professional relationships Module 3: Active Listening and Feedback Skills Listening to understand vs listening to respond Techniques for active listening Giving feedback constructively Receiving and acting on feedback Module 4: Assertive Communication Passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive vs assertive styles Setting boundaries and expressing needs clearly Using “I” statements and confident body language Role-playing assertiveness scenarios Module 5: Adapting Communication to Context Communicating with different personality types Navigating workplace hierarchy and power dynamics Cultural sensitivity and inclusive language Tailoring communication for emails, meetings, and presentations Module 6: Managing Difficult Conversations and Conflict Identifying sources of conflict Conflict resolution strategies (e.g. Interest-Based Relational Approach) Staying calm under pressure Structuring difficult conversations using frameworks (e.g. SBI – Situation, Behaviour, Impact) Module 7: Collaborative Communication in Teams The role of communication in high-performing teams Group dynamics and psychological safety Facilitating discussions and encouraging contribution Virtual communication best practices Delivery Style Engaging facilitation with practical exercises Role-plays, group discussions, and real-life scenarios Self-reflection activities and personal action planning Assessment and Outcomes Participation in interactive activities Completion of a communication skills self-assessment Development of a personalised communication improvement plan Course Materials Provided Participant workbook and slides Communication style diagnostic tool (optional) Templates for feedback and conversation planning Follow-up resources and reading list

Course Duration: 2 days (or modular format over 3–4 half-day sessions) Target Audience: New or aspiring trainers, facilitators, team leads, or subject-matter experts who deliver training or knowledge-sharing sessions. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the principles of adult learning and training design. Confidently plan and structure engaging training sessions. Deliver content clearly using effective facilitation techniques. Manage group dynamics and encourage learner participation. Evaluate training effectiveness and improve performance. Course Outline Day 1: Designing Training for Adult Learners Module 1: Understanding the Trainer’s Role Role and responsibilities of an effective trainer Differences between training, presenting, and facilitating Characteristics of great trainers Module 2: Adult Learning Principles How adults learn: motivation, barriers, and learning preferences Learning styles and engagement strategies Applying adult learning theory to real training contexts Module 3: Training Needs Analysis Identifying learning needs and performance gaps Defining clear learning objectives Aligning training outcomes with organisational goals Module 4: Structuring a Training Session Designing training using ADDIE or the 4MAT model Creating session plans and timelines Balancing content delivery with interaction Day 2: Delivering and Evaluating Engaging Training Module 5: Facilitation Skills and Training Delivery Verbal and non-verbal communication Creating a safe and inclusive learning environment Encouraging participation and managing learner resistance Techniques for in-person and online delivery Module 6: Using Training Tools and Technology Using visuals and presentation aids effectively Incorporating activities, case studies, and role plays Facilitating discussions, group work, and Q&A Tips for hybrid and online delivery (Zoom, Teams, etc.) Module 7: Handling Group Dynamics and Challenges Managing difficult participants or situations Reading the room and adjusting on the fly Building confidence as a trainer Module 8: Evaluating Training Effectiveness Gathering and using learner feedback (Kirkpatrick Model) Self-reflection and peer observation Continual improvement of training materials and delivery Delivery Style Practical, hands-on workshops with active participation Peer feedback, group work, and presentation practice Real-time coaching and confidence building Assessment and Certification (Optional) Mini training delivery by each participant with peer and trainer feedback Completion of a training session plan Certificate of completion (customisable to organisation) Course Materials Provided Participant workbook and templates Sample training session plans and evaluation forms Trainer’s checklist and facilitation guide Resource list for further development