Gain advanced knowledge and practical skills in instructing buccal midazolam administration for epilepsy with our Level 4 Award course.
About this Training Course Reservoir engineering methods, data and models are used in the E&P business to describe and optimise hydrocarbon recovery. This 5 full-day course addresses reservoir engineering concepts and methods to enable cross-disciplinary team work and the smooth exchange of ideas and experience. In this course, participants will gain an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and a broad range of modern reservoir engineering principles and practices for reservoir development and production, including the estimation of oil and gas reserves. The topics covered in this course will be illustrated with practical and actual field cases. Some self-study or reading will be required from participants. Training Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Describe use of permeability and fluid saturation in reservoir engineering. Explain the assessment of hydrocarbon resources and recoverable reserves estimation. Understand analysis and modelling of fluid behaviour. Explain oil and gas reservoir performance. Describe material balance methods in oil and gas reservoirs. Understand design and analysis of well tests. Understand analysis and production of producing wells and forecasting methods. Describe fluid displacement at the pore and reservoir scale. Explain reservoir simulation approaches. Describe tools for handling the uncertainty in reservoir analysis. Describe various recovery methods from primary to enhanced recovery. Target Audience This course is intended for professionals with prior technical or engineering exposure to exploration and production activities. Targeted participants include geoscientists, production engineers, petrophysicists and petroleum engineers involved with exploration and development of oil & gas reservoirs. The course will also benefit petroleum engineering team leaders as well as IT staff and support staff who work with reservoir engineering, development and production departments. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader is an independent Reservoir Engineering Consultant, providing project consultancy and reservoir engineering training for global customers. He retired from Shell in 2012 and during the last years of his Shell career, he held the Senior Reserves Consultant for the Middle East and Reservoir Engineering Discipline Lead positions. He is a seasoned Petroleum Engineering professional, with global experience in Shell companies and joint ventures (NAM, SSB, SCL, PDO, SKDBV). His technical expertise is in reserves and resource management, reservoir engineering quality assurance, and staff development as well as carbonate reservoirs, modelling and reservoir simulation. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2012 to date Independent Reservoir Engineering Consultant Petroleum and reservoir engineering advice, training and services. Reservoir engineering training for major oil companies, engineering firms and other global customers. Assurance of SPE and SEC reserves compliance. Participation in SPE reserves and resources estimation Advanced Technology Workshops both as an organising committee member and as session speaker. 2008 - 2012 Shell International E&P, the Hague, the Netherlands Senior Reserves Consultant for Shell business units and joint ventures in the Middle East Region Assurance of SEC and SPE compliance of reserves and resources. Industry publications and conference contributions a.o. SPE guidelines on probabilistic reserves estimation. 2006 - 2008 Shell E&P Technology Solutions, Rijswijk, the Netherlands Reservoir Engineering Discipline Lead Responsible for Reservoir Engineering in global projects and for staff planning and development (over 60 international Reservoir Engineers). 2001 - 2005 Centre for Carbonate Studies, SQU, Oman / Shell International E&P Applications and Research / Shell Representative Office Oman Petroleum Engineering Manager PE Manager in the Carbonate Research Centre, a joint venture between Sultan Qaboos University in Oman and Shell International. Industrial research projects and teaching on recovery aspects of carbonate reservoir development. 1997 - 2000 Shell International E&P, Rijswijk, the Netherlands Principal Reservoir Engineer Coordination of the NOV subsurface team in Shell Kazakhstan Development BV in 2000. Leading role in Shell Gamechanger project on natural gas hydrates. Acting Shell Group Reserves Co-ordinator in 1997-1998. Facilitation of workshops with government shareholders, including discussions on sensitive reserves issues (BSP Petroleum Unit Brunei, PDO Oman, SPDC government Nigeria). 1992 - 1996 Shell Training Centre, Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands Reservoir Engineering Programme Training Director Advanced PE training events, QA/QC, design and delivery of courses to Shell staff. 1985 - 1992 Shell International, SIPM, the Hague, The Netherlands Senior Reservoir Engineer Reservoir simulation, integrated reservoir modelling and gas field development and major contributor to the Shell internal Gas Field Planning Tool development. Full field reservoir simulation projects supporting Field Development Plans, operational strategies and unitisation negotiations for Shell Group Operating Companies in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Egypt. 1984 - 1985 Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Ministry of Economic Affairs Reservoir Engineering Section Head Responsible for Petroleum Engineering advice on oil and gas licences to the Ministry of Economic Affairs. First-hand experience with a government view on resource management. 1976 - 1984 NAM, Assen, The Netherlands and SSB/SSPC, Miri, Malaysia Wellsite Operations Engineer / Operational Reservoir Engineer POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations
About this Training Course Geomechanical evaluations are about the assessment of deformations and failure in the subsurface due to oil & gas production, geothermal operations, CO2 storage and other operations. All geomechanical evaluations include four types of modelling assumptions, which will be systematically addressed in this training, namely: 1. Geometrical modelling assumption: Impact of structural styles on initial stress and stress redistribution due to operations 2. Formation (or constitutive) behaviour: Linear elastic and non-linear behaviour, associated models and their parameters, and methods how to constrain these using 3. Initial stress: Relation with structural setting and methods to quantify the in-situ stress condition 4. Loading conditions: Changes in pore pressure and temperature on wellbore and field scale This 5 full-day course starts with the determination of the stresses in the earth, the impact of different structural styles, salt bodies, faulting and folding on the orientation of the three main principal stress components. Different (field) data sources will be discussed to constrain their magnitude, while exercises will be made to gain hands-on experience. Subsequently, the concepts of stress and strain will be discussed, linear elasticity, total and effective stress and poro-elasticity in 1D, 2D and 3D, as well as thermal expansion. Participants will be able to construct and interpret a Mohr-circles. Also, different failure mechanisms and associated models (plastic, viscous) will be discussed. All these concepts apply on a material point level. Next, geomechanics on the wellbore scale is addressed, starting with the stress distribution around the wellbore (Kirsch equations). The impact of mudweight on shear and tensile failure (fracturing) will be calculated, and participants will be able to determine the mudweight window stable drilling operations, while considering well deviation and the use of oil-based and water-based muds (pore pressure penetration). Fracturing conditions and fracture propagation will be addressed. Field-scale geomechanics is addressed on the fourth day, focussing on building a 3D geomechanical model that is fit-for-purpose (focussing on the risks that need evaluation). Here, geological interpretation (layering), initial stress and formation property estimation (from petrophysical logs and lab experiments) as well as determining the loading conditions come together. The course is concluded with interpretation of the field-wide geomechanical response to reservoir depletion with special attention to reservoir compaction & subsidence, well failure and fault reactivation & induced seismicity. Special attention is paid to uncertainties and formulating advice that impacts decision-making during development and production stages of a project. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives Upon completing of this course, the participants will be able to: Identify potential project risks that may need a geomechanical evaluation Construct a pressure-depth plot based on available field data (density logs, (X)LOT, FIT, RFT) Employ log-based correlation function to estimate mechanical properties Produce a simplified, but appropriate geometrical (layered, upscaled) model that honours contrasts in initial stress, formation properties and loading conditions, including Construct and interpret a Mohr-circle for shear and tensile failure Calculate the mud weight that leads to shear and tensile failure (fracturing conditions) Identify potential lab experiments to measure required formation properties Describe the workflow and data to develop a field-wide fit-for-purpose geomechanical model Discuss the qualitative impact of pressure and temperature change on the risk related to compaction, well failure, top-seal integrity and fault reactivation Target Audience This course is intended for Drilling Engineers, Well Engineers, Production Technologists, Completion Engineers, Well Superintendents, Directional Drillers, Wellsite Supervisors and others, who wish to further their understanding of rock mechanics and its application to drilling and completion. There is no specific formal pre-requisite for this course. However, the participants are requested to have been exposed to drilling, completions and production operations in their positions and to have a recommended minimum of 3 years of field experience. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader has over 30 years of experience in the Oil & Gas industry, covering all geomechanical issues in the petroleum industry for Shell. Some of his projects included doing research and providing operational advice in wellbore stability, sand failure prediction, and oil-shale retortion among others. He guided multi-disciplinary teams in compaction & subsidence, top-seal integrity, fault reactivation, induced-seismicity and containment. He was also involved in projects related to Carbon Capture Storage (CCS). He is the founding father of various innovations and assessment tools, and developed new insights into the root causes seismicity induced by Oil & Gas production. Furthermore, he was the regional coordinator for technology deployment in Africa, and Smart Fields (DOFF, iField) design advisor for Shell globally. He was responsible for the Geomechanical competence framework, and associated virtual and classroom training programme in Shell for the last 10 years. He served as one of the Subject Matter Expert (SME) on geomechanics, provided Technical Assurance to many risk assessments, and is a co-author of Shell's global minimun standard on top-seal integry and containment. He has a MSc and PhD in Civil Engineering and computational mechanics from Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. Training experience: Developed and delivered the following (between 2010 and 2020): The competence framework for the global geomechanical discipline in Shell Online Geomechanical training programs for petroleum engineers (post-doc level) The global minimum standard for top-seal integrity assessment in Shell Over 50 learning nuggets with Subject Matter Experts Various Shell virtual Geomechanical training courses covering all subjects Developed Advanced Geomechanical training program for experienced staff in Shell Coaching of KPC staff on Geomechanics and containment issues on an internship at Shell in The Netherlands, Q4 2014 Lectured at the Utrecht University summer school (The Netherlands, 2020) on induced seismicity among renowned earthquake experts (Prof. Mark Zoback, Prof. Jean-Philippe Avouac, Prof. Jean-Pierre Ampuero and Prof. Torsten Dahm) (https://www.nwo.nl/onderzoeksprogrammas/deepnl/bijeenkomsten/6-10-juli-2020-deepnl-webinar-series-induced-seismicity) Lectured at the Danish Technical University summer school (Copenhagen, 2021) summer school on Carbon Capture and Storage (https://www.oilgas.dtu.dk/english/Events/DHRTC-Summer-School) Virtual Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Project Risks & How to Manage Them training course (October and November 2021) POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations
Enhance your clinical expertise with our "Extended Clinical Skills Training" course. Designed for healthcare professionals, this course provides practical skills and knowledge for extended clinical procedures and interventions.
We supply Fire Marshal, Warden, Awareness training at your location and tailor it to your work sector, as such your staff will have no travelling or subsistence expenses minimising disruption for your organisation. Our trainer will bring all materials so you only need to provide a room with a plug socket. There is a practical element with extinguishers outside using our propane burners, which are fully insured and environmentally friendly. We require approximately 4 car parking spaces for this, if you do not have enough space we provide extinguisher discharge only. The training is accredited by the Institute of Fire Safety Managers, all attendees will receive individual Electronic Certificates and our Fire Warden Quick Guide, in addition a Group Certificate will be sent with all names on for audit purposes and your central records.
MASTERCLASS ONE-2-ONE 8 CPD POINTS 1 DAY INTENSIVE COURSE ONLINE or IN-CLINIC NOTE! After booking we will contact you for scheduling the exact course date! Courses dates are subject to change due to mentors availability. We will inform you via email if a date becomes available! This course is intended for delegates who are now doing dermal fillers or whom are advanced injectors. The Brazilian Butt Lift training includes improving shape, volumizing and sculpting the area with dermal filler. We use Hyacorp MFL 2 or Genefill Products During the training day you will learn the following: Anatomy and Physiology Consultation for patients Consent forms Treatment information After care Dezinfection & Safety Indications and Contra-indications Risks, side effects Dealing with complications Marketing tips Certificate upon completion CPD All under the supervision of our fully trained aesthetics practitioners, with Medical background .You will practice on real models and optional extra Mentoring date can be provided if required! BBL is the newest of the body augmentation treatments in the cosmetic/aesthetic industry Masterclass. BBL TRAINING COURSE IN LONDON Practice in 1-day Course ONE-TO-ONE Training Non-Surgical Liquid Brazilian Butt Lift with Hyaluronic Acid ( difference Fillers )Hayacorp MFL 2 ,Genefill contour using cannulas. Brazilian Butt lift with Fillers also called Liquid BBL has become one of the most popular non-surgical cosmetic procedures. Client’s are more than ever looking for non-surgical alternatives to the most popular cosmetic procedures. Take advantage of this ever-growing market with our one-day intensive course, extend you level of injectable procedure. Our Buttock Augmentation training course you will learn how to safely administrate the HA and effectively carry out these procedures to help your clients achieve a firmer, rounder buttock whilst saving your clients thousands on undergoing invasive surgery. The Brazilian Buttock Lift, training course consists in learning Master class injection techniques and application for the most frequently requested areas of the body under professional supervise with some of the best experts of Academy on central London. You can extend the training with Legs, Arms and Calves. With Harley Elite Academy you can learn to practice in cosmetic medicine what the most celebrities want! We will cover pertinent information including mechanism of action technique of safety, dealing with complications, dilution guidelines, and more., providing injectable protocol for the products. Contraindications Complications Management Post treatment advice You need to be medically qualified as a doctor, dentist, nurse, pharmacist or paramedic with full governing body registration and have completed a Foundation Filler Course and to have administered a number of cases. Additional information ATTENDANCE ONLINE (theory), IN-CLINIC (Practice) BBL AREA BBL | Filler, BBL | Sculpture, BBL | PDO Cogs Threads COURSE LEVEL EXPERT | Masterclass Course
4G & 5G Roaming Scenarios & Procedures course description This course is designed to explain the roaming procedures of modern mobile networks, based on the GSMA roaming specification the course explains all scenarios where a mobile subscriber may find themselves whilst visiting a preferred mobile network partner. Interconnection between MNOs and the use of GRX & IPX as an interworking process. The course will work through the registration & authentication procedure, download of the user profile, the APN configuration & DIAMETER process to verify user authenticity. VoLTE roaming and IMS registration procedures for voice support & SMS delivery will be discussed and explained. What will you learn Architecture Models Technical requirements for interfaces - 4G Roaming Scenarios Technical requirements & recommendations for services Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations Technical Requirements for QoS support Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interfaces - 5G Scenarios Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interworking & Coexistence with E-UTRAN & EPC Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Services Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations 4G & 5G Roaming Scenarios & Procedures course details Who will benefit: Those working in mobile networks. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days 4G & 5G Roaming Scenarios & Procedures course contents Architecture Models 4G Evolved Packet System 5G Core Network SGs Interface for CSFB& SMS over SGs Technical Requirements for Interfaces - 4G Roaming Scenarios General requirements for inter-PLMN interfaces Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) IAMETER S8 Interface SGW selection PGW selection GTP Transport Layer engineering S9 interface Implementation requirements Guidelines for DIAMETER over S9 S6a & S6d interface Gy interface Guidelines for DIAMETER over Gy Legacy interworking scenarios VPLMN has not implemented LTE HPLMN has not implemented LTE Co-existence scenarios Possible scenarios 2G/3G roaming agreement only 2G/3G LTE roaming agreement LTE roaming registrations Consequences of different APN approaches when roaming Guidance regarding the APN approach when roaming Inter-RAT handover Handover & access restrictions to/from 2G/3G & LTE (Active mode) Access restriction for 2G/3G and/or LTE (Idle mode) Handover of PDN Connections between GERAN/UTRAN & LTE Handover to/from non-3GPP accesses & LTE Bandwidth considerations ARP considerations at handover from LTE to 2G/3G Tech requirements & recommendations for Services SMS SMS over SGs Voice CSFB Roaming retry for CSFB Roaming Forwarding for CSFB Coexistence of Roaming Forwarding & Roaming Retry Recommended procedures IMS Voice Roaming Architecture Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations Access Control Addressing APN for IMS based services IMS Well Known APN APN for Home Operator Services Gateway Selection Inter-PLMN roaming handover Data off related functionality Emergency Services Emergency PDN connectivity Emergency Call indicator Security GTP Security DIAMETER Security DIAMTER Roaming hubbing Default APN E-UTRA NR Dual Connectivity with EPC GW Selection for E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity TAC/LAC Restriction Guidelines Technical Requirements for QoS support QoS parameters definition QoS Management in the Home Routed architecture QoS control for IMS APN in the S8HR architecture Support of QoS in GRX/IPX QoS Control in Local Breakout architecture Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interfaces - 5G Scenarios General requirements for inter-PLMN interfaces Transport protocol - TCP/IP Serialisation protocol - JSON Interface Definition language - OpenAPI Application Protocol - HTTP2 Inter-PLMN (N32) Interface N32c N32f ALS & IPX HTTP Proxy SMF & UPF in HPLMN & VPLMN Requirements related to Service Based Architecture Naming, addressing & routing for 5G SA roaming SEPP load distribution SEPP administration, naming convention & routing SEPP HTTP redirections Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interworking & Coexistence with E-UTRAN & EPC Interworking scenarios Coexistence scenarios Inter-RAT Handover Handover & Access restriction between 5GC & EPC Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Services Network slicing Voice, Video & Messaging Location support UE Route Selection Policy Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations Access control IP Addressing DNN for IMS based services Emergency PDU Session Emergency Services Fallback Security Steering of Roaming in 5GS Technical Requirements for QoS support 5G QoS model 5G QoS profile QoS Control
ISO 3834:2021 (Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials) Lead Auditor” course provides comprehensive training for participants to be able to understand and audit each and every ISO 3834:2021 guidelines in ensuring orgnaisation compliance and continual improvement in the welding industry
Yes, you can do it. Take the 7-day challenge. Alternatively, consider hypnotherapy. Evidence shows hypnosis is far and away the most effective technique of all for stopping smoking and quitting for good - as summarised in New Scientistin 2010 (Lynn, Green, Accardi, & Cleere). Especially when it is carried out with an element of counselling. That is the therapy part of the word hypnotherapy, and why Richard talks about hypnotherapy for stopping smoking and not just hypnosis to quit. Take away a seven-step guide to quitting and, more importantly, the commitment to quit. During the session you will have the opportunity to: Explore why we find it difficult to quit Learn the seven key steps that can help you quit on your own Discover why some people prefer hypnotherapy
About this Training Course Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has provided intercontinental mobility to natural gas, which now provides about 25% of the global primary energy. Being the cleanest fossil fuel, natural gas/LNG consumption is forecasted to grow in all future scenarios. With the entry of various players, including Trading companies, the LNG value chain is becoming increasingly complex, and a solid understanding of its economics and management of its interfaces have become crucial to identify and assess investment opportunities and risks. Recent market disturbances caused by COVID-19, Oil & Gas price instabilities - coupled with the political (Ukraine/Russia) challenges - make a deep understanding of LNG Value Chain Logistics and Economics even more essential to ensure the security of energy supplies sustainably and profitably. This intermediate level 3 full-day course starts with a concise introduction to the LNG business. Thereafter, the elements of the LNG value chain are described, and their individual economics analysed. A Business Activity Model along the value chain will be developed and discussed in depth, covering the following key processes: 'Buy Gas - Transport Gas - Liquefy Gas - Sell LNG/Products - Ship LNG - Regasify LNG' The integrated chain economics will then be developed and quantified. A hands-on group workshop/exercise developing the economic case of a full-sized Liquefaction project will be carried out, considering the forecasted cash flows throughout the project life, the location of the plant, its markets, project sensitivities and profitability assessment. Participants will be provided with Excel based tools/models (LNG Liquefaction project development Net Present Value (NPV) analyses, Shipping Freight Calculations and Economics) to work through the exercises and also for their future personal use. Training Objectives After the completion of this course, participants will be able to: Understand how the LNG Value Chain operates, bound by the relevant Contracts and Agreements. Learn the basic economic parameters (operating, capital costs, financing, profitability) of each major element of the value chain. Appreciate the complexity of the value chain, and the associated opportunities and risks. Develop quantitative project evaluation skills. Explore options to maximise profitability in a given LNG value chain. Discuss best practices on how to manage, steer and govern these activities. Target Audience Technical, Operational, Shipping, Commercial, Project and Governance professionals who are already active in a specific section of the LNG Value Chain will directly benefit in developing a wider and deeper perspective on how the LNG Value Chain operations and can be optimised. Managers (Technical, Financial, Legal and Governance) less familiar with the specifics of the LNG Industry will also benefit from attending this VILT course, as they will obtain the required background to be able to set sharper targets, suitable performance indicators, and governance and performance assessment guidelines for units engaged in the chain. The course is most relevant for professionals engaged in the LNG industry at: National and International Oil & Gas/Energy Companies LNG Importers/Exporters/Traders/Shippers Government & Regulatory Agencies Finance Institutions It will also apply to the following audience: Business Development Managers Corporate Planning Professionals Project Developers Supply Planners & Scheduling Professionals Regulators Tax & Finance Advisors Compliance Officers Equity Analyst and Bankers Joint Venture Representatives, Board Directors Negotiators and Contracting Staff Trading Professionals Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader is an Oil & Gas/LNG professional with more than 35 years of international experience, majority of which was gained at Shell International Joint Ventures engaged in Oil Refining, Supply / Trading, Gas Supply and LNG Businesses in the Netherlands, France, Thailand, Dominican Republic and Nigeria. Since 2004, he has had several roles in the management of the LNG Value Chain including the Commercial Operational Management of Nigeria LNG (NLNG). He played an active role in the start-up and integration of LNG trains 4, 5 and 6 with NLNG becoming the 3rd largest LNG producer in the world in 2007. Commercial operations spanned 4 Gas Supply, 11 LNG Sales & Purchase Agreements, ad-hoc LPG and Condensate Sales and LNG Ship Chartering contracts. Under his supervision, more than 2,000 LNG cargoes were exported. He was part of the organizational transformation of the company from a Project-based set-up to a Production / Commercial based structure and implemented an 'Integrated Planning and Scheduling Department' in which he optimized the value chain (Buy-Gas - Liquify Gas to LNG - Sell - Ship LNG). Staff competence management was one of his focus areas during this period. He was also the NLNG representative on JV Technical, Commercial, Shipping Committees where he interfaced with Government & Regulatory authorities. In 2014, he was appointed as Shell Shareholder representative to NLNG and became a Non-Executive Board member to NLNG companies, including Bonny Gas Transport (BGT) managing 24 LNG Ships. During this period, he was involved in the Economic and Technical steering of the Shipping Fleet and Liquefaction Plant Rejuvenation projects and a further capacity expansion of liquefaction plant which resulted in the achievement of NLNG train 7 project FID in 2019. Since 2016, he has been active as an independent consultant. He co-authored 2 patents and more than 30 published papers/presentations. He holds a PhD from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and a MSc and BSc in Chemical Engineering from the University of Birmingham, UK. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations