Hysteria’s history, rooted in Greek myth, evolved into a Victorian belief of a “wandering uterus” leading to disturbing medical practices. We aim to explore the lived experiences on irregular perceptions of reality with an open mind. Each Saturday includes: a live dialogue between Prof. Ernesto Spinelli and an International Existential Therapist; a moment to share your thoughts and feelings with the teachers; and a final integration facilitated by Bárbara Godoy. This series of ten dialogues set out to explore the multifaceted dimentions and complexities associated with Existential Therapies. It attempts to engage with various interpretations of insanity through the lens of patients often painful, confounding, and deeply unsettling life experiences. Hysteria- between Prof. Ernesto Spinelli and Bárbara Godoy “In this talk, I will compare the Histerical patient to the ancient Greek myth of Persephone, the goddess who traversed the boundaries between the world of the living and the underworld. Just as Persephone’s cyclical descent and return mirrored the changing seasons, hysteria was seen as a condition where emotions and experiences defied easy classification. This notion of transgressing boundaries became a cornerstone of early psychoanalysis. In Victorian times, hysteria took a decidedly bizarre turn. Here, the culprit was believed to be a mobile womb, an organ capable of throwing into disorder and confusion. This “wandering womb” was blamed for a variety of ailments and behaviours, particularly any expression of female desire out-of-wedlock. In a truly disturbing reflection of these beliefs, legal rulings based on this theory emerged. In some cases, women diagnosed with hysteria could be forced to undergo a hysterectomy.” Bárbara Godoy. Bárbara Godoy M.A., Adv. Dip. Exi. Psy, UKCP accredited Psychotherapist and Supervisor, MBACP and SEA – Director of Therapy Harley Street. Bárbara’s academic experience in London since 2008 includes lecturing and researching on the theory and practice of Phenomenological Existential Therapy on Doctorate, MA and professional courses at the School of Psychotherapy and Counselling Psychology, Regent’s University and the New School of Psychotherapy and Counselling directed by Emmy van Deurzen. Bárbara has facilitated therapeutic Group Work internationally since 1997. The question about the meaning of Being-Woman was the topic of her thesis completed in 2005 and evolved into two main Women’s Groups: “Nine muses” and “Four Seasons” which she leads in addition to her individual private practice. Currently, as the clinical director of THS, Bárbara leads a team of over 20 professional practitioners in the area of Psychological services and Wellbeing consultancy. Bárbara is also the founder-director of THS’s Personal Development and CPD Programmes. Prof. Ernesto Spinelli was Chair of the Society for Existential Analysis between 1993 and 1999 and is a Life Member of the Society. His writings, lectures and seminars focus on the application of existential phenomenology to the arenas of therapy, supervision, psychology, and executive coaching. He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society (BPS) as well as an APECS accredited executive coach and coaching supervisor. In 2000, he was the Recipient of BPS Division of Counselling Psychology Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Profession. And in 2019, Ernesto received the BPS Award for Distinguished Contribution to Practice. His most recent book, Practising Existential Therapy: The Relational World 2nd edition (Sage, 2015) has been widely praised as a major contribution to the advancement of existential theory and practice. Living up to the existential dictum that life is absurd, Ernesto is also the author of an on-going series of Private Eye novels. Date and Time: Saturday 13 December from 2 pm to 3 pm – (UK time) Individual Dialogue Fee: £70 Venue: Online Zoom FULL PROGRAMME 2025: 25 January “Knots” with Prof. Ernesto Spinelli and Bárbara Godoy 22 February “Healing” with Dr. Michael Guy Thompson and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 22 March “Difference” with Prof. Tod DuBose and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 12 April “Polarisation” with Prof. Kirk Schneider and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 3 May “Character” with Prof. Robert Romanyshyn and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 21 June “Opening” with Dr. Yaqui Martinez and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 19 July “Meaning” with Dr. Jan Resnick and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 25 October “Invention” with Dr. Betty Cannon and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 15 November “Hallucination” with Prof. Simon du Plock and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 13 December “Hysteria” with Bárbara Godoy and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli Read the full programme here > Course Organised by:
Course Introduction Covers B12 deficiency, pernicious anaemia, diagnosis, treatment and management. It also covers signs and symptoms Please note: this course is for health care professionals and nurses only. About this event Course Introduction This course concentrates on B12 deficiency, symptoms, treatments and management. The course covers B12 deficiency, pernicious anaemia, diagnosis, treatment and management. It also covers signs and symptoms of pernicious anaemia. This course is interactive and we include case studies and discuss issues regarding diagnostic testing. We review inclusion and exclusion criteria and identification of appropriate clients. Delegates will get the opportunity to review practice with hands on practical demonstrations of how to give injections correctly. We will cover administration techniques, where to give the injections and record keeping / documentation. We will discuss role and responsibilities and contraindications and precautions. The delegates will leave this course with an example of an individual protocol of Patient Specific Direction (PSD) and a competence based framework document to be used in practice. This course is very interactive. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Understand the need for accountability and responsibility in relation to role development Demonstrate an understanding of safe practice Describe the signs and symptoms of pernicious anaemia Describe pernicious anaemia and its impact on patients Fully understand the principles, and practice B12 deficiency and B12 injections Understand the importance of safety issues related to giving injections Understand the law relating to role and function of the HCA and prescribing. Describe why patients require B12 injectionsBe able to correctly identify anatomical sites for injections Demonstrate correct administration techniquesDemonstrate how to correctly dispose of waste Demonstrate correct infection control procedures and use of PPE Describe when patients require referral and understand the importance of referral using correct clinical pathways Demonstrate an understanding of anaphylaxis and emergency procedures Understand the need for correct prescribing procedures Be able to document consultations following your organisations procedures COURSE CONTENTS Role and responsibilities Accountability guidelines and requirements Pernicious anaemia Blood- function B12 Deficiency Risk factors/groups Causes of B12 deficiency Diagnosis and reference ranges, testing Protocols and guidelines Factors affecting B12 diagnosis and treatment Factors affecting absorption B12 injections and common side effects Could it be B12 Deficiency Supplements Side effects and management including ADR’s Anaphylaxis Contraindications and Precautions Correct Administration and techniques including practical session Injection sites Legal Issues including consent Prescribing and Patient Specific Directions What to record Storage Disposal of injections/waste Infection control Needle stick injuries Competence and supervised practice Policies and procedures Facts and Figures Setting up and running a clinic Insurance/indemnity Research/evidence base and resources WHO SHOULD ATTEND? HCAs Nurses Doctors Pharmacists Anyone interested in Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia and those working with clients with B12 deficiency AB Health Group awards CPD points / certificate of attendance for each course. If you would prefer an accredited certificate by our accrediting body Aim Qualifications we can organise this. The charge for the certificate including postage is £30.
When there is a shooting, stabbing or bomb explosion the initial priority will be public safety. This can delay the time before the emergency services are able to reach the injured. Our 3 hour citizenAID course enables the general public to be effective in these situations before the emergency services are available to provide professional medical support. This course can be delivered on-site or at our training centre in Poole, Dorset. Qualification Information This qualification and learning outcomes are based on the blended recommendations of: European Resuscitation Council, Section 9. First Aid British Army, Battlefield Casualty Drills Course Content Following this course students will: Be able to use the citizenAID app/pocket guide in an emergency situation. Be able to provide immediate first aid to an unresponsive casualty who is breathing. Be able to provide first aid to a casualty with severe external bleeding. Who should attend? This qualification is for all members of the public who wish to learn lifesaving skills and techniques in the event of a deliberate multiple casualty incident. Pre-requisites Students must be at least 14 years old on the first day of training. Assessment and Certifications Assessment of this course is continuous and will take place through knowledge and skills observations. Successful students will receive an Immerse Training Certificate, which is valid for three years. This certificate will be issued by Qualsafe, the awarding body for Immerse Training. Additional Information Course fees include a copy of the citizenAID pocket guide. What makes us different? Fun & Engaging – Gone are the days of boring first aid training. Although professional, our trainers teach in an informal way that encourages student interaction and retention of knowledge. Technology Enhanced Learning – We utilise a range of technologies to make our courses memorable fun and effective. Bespoke Courses – Our on-site courses are designed with the specific risks of your business in mind. Training by doctors, nurses and paramedics – We have years of experience working on the front line of emergency medicine; giving us real world knowledge and skills in managing injured or unwell people.
LEARN HOW TO BECOME A WEIGHT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT WITH THE CLIENT'S HEALTH & WELLBEING AT THE CORE. A MESSAGE FROM THE AUTHOR As you enter into this study, I want you to be fully aware of what lies before you. If you save people from overweight, you will also increase life-expectancy and/or prevent the onset of serious debilitating diseases. There will also be those clients whose life has been long limited in a psychological sense and you will be able to help them to restore their sense of verve and vitality so they can again live life to the fullest extent. This will be done through learning special expertise both technically and in person-to-person relations. With these words of encouragement, I warmly welcome you to this course of study where the amount of potential job satisfaction is incalculable. DR. LAWRENCE PLASKETT Course Duration 12 months Study Hours 200 hours Course Content 13 sections Course Fee £475 Course Overview The Plaskett Weight Management Consultancy course will provide you with a detailed, systematic and scientifically-based training, fuller than any other we know of in the field. It will enable you to practise as a well-informed Weight Management Consultant and most importantly, you will be able to help and support individuals in their quest to lose weight whilst maintaining health and well-being. Learn the Basic Elements of Nutrition You will gain an understanding of the basic elements of nutrition with a focus on the key nutrients in order to avoid deficiencies when working with weight loss clients. Create Individualised Weight Loss Programmes You will develop the confidence to be able to make informed choices from a wide span of weight loss options and avoid the use of rigidly fixed methods, thereby delivering programmes best suited to individual needs. Become a Skilled Adviser You will learn the skills to be able to counsel on a one-to-one basis, we believe that this favours the resolution of individual circumstances and problems. You will receive the training to see your clients through every stage of the process, thereby maximising their chances of success. Expand Practice of Current Health Professionals In addition to those wanting to set up practice as a Weight Management Consultant, this course is ideally suited to current health & fitness professionals looking to enhance their practice. BREAKDOWN OF THE COURSE SECTIONS The Weight Management Consultancy Diploma includes the following 13 sections: SECTION 1 BASIC SCIENCE SUPPORT Whilst our main concern will be with weight loss, we need to understand some of the basic aspects of nutrition. These deal with the key nutrients that we have to control to reduce weight. They will also help us to understand how to lose weight without developing deficiencies. In Section 1, we begin the study of nutrients and foods by looking at the main bulk nutrients that our diets contain: protein, carbohydrate and fat. Before one can consider individual vitamins and minerals, one has to know about the nutrients that make up most of our diets, namely the bulk nutrients. These are the suppliers of food energy and ultimately help to decide an individual's size. You will need to understand these so as to manipulate them with skill. Areas Covered What are the bulk nutrients? Chemical elements contained in the bulk nutrients Proteins Carbohydrates Fibre Fats The energy reserve role of fat The lipoproteins of the blood SECTION 2 UNDERSTANDING THE FIELD & NATURE OF THE PROBLEM This section introduces the basic ideas of the training. The purpose of this course of training is to enable the student to help others who are overweight or obese to lose weight, and to do so in a professional manner. At the same time, it aims to motivate you and empower you to set up a practice as a ‘Weight Management Consultant’ that will lead to your gaining a good reputation in this field, developing a panel of satisfied clients and bringing you both status and income. Since losing weight is not easy, one has to be aware of all the different methods and ramifications that are a part of this intriguing subject. The professionalism comes from knowing a number of different “ways in” to help the clients and also from being able to develop awareness of the individuality of each client. This will put you in a position to find the best and most successful route to weight loss for each person who consults you. This will mean giving individual advice, not just the same advice to everyone. By recognising individuality we earn the client’s trust and appreciation and we also increase the chances of achieving the fullest possible success by being in a position to find individual solutions to each client’s problem. Areas Covered The aims of the work The clients’ motives The clients themselves The clients’ knowledge of nutrition The place of psychology The arithmetical equation of body weight Ways of working Getting fat is all too easy – we review how it happens Definition and classification: criteria for weight normality SECTION 3 THE THEORY OF THE CAUSES OF OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY In this section we explore 'The Theory of what Causes Overweight and Obesity'. We look at the underlying reasons for this current epidemic scale of the problem in developed societies throughout the world. Understanding this will give you an insight into what needs to be done. The Weight Management Consultant clearly needs to understand as fully as possible the causes of obesity in order to be able to formulate good advice. It is necessary to understand that, although the ultimate cause is always eating more than the body requires, that factor is modified by many subsidiary factors. One, that always interests clients, is whether or not one may be predisposed by one’s inheritance to put on and retain weight, so we deal with this question. Areas covered Relative effect of genetics and environment Hormonal disturbance in obesity Slower than normal rates of energy expenditure The role of fat cells Role of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase SECTION 4 THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF EXCESS WEIGHT It is well known that being overweight or obese increases the chances of contracting chronic illnesses. This section examines the types of illnesses involved and the way that their incidence is affected by body weight. From the standpoint of a Weight Management Consultant, the use of this information is to present clearly the vital benefits that your work can bring to your clients in terms of freedom from illness. This knowledge can augment your job satisfaction, especially when you can see the client’s health condition improving as weight comes down. That can be expected to happen sometimes, but of course not always. So, potentially this information can serve to inform your clients about the degree to which slimming down from an overweight or obese condition can help them to avoid very negative health consequences. By passing on parts of this data to some carefully selected clients, you may perhaps either improve their flagging motivation, or increase their satisfaction level with their early results or with the efforts they are making. Areas covered The connection between overweight and ill health The risk of early death Illness and death from cardiovascular disease Illness and death from diabetes mellitus Illness and death from hypertension Illness and death from respiratory problems Illness and death from gallbladder disease Illness and immobility from arthritis Illness from gout Illness and death from cancer SECTION 5 FIRST PRINCIPLES OF CORRECTING EXCESS WEIGHT In this section we approach the practical side of the Weight Management Consultant’s job. The greatest skill required of the Consultant is that of formulating the advice in a way that combines efficacy with client acceptability. The mistake most often made in the approach to weight reduction is to employ only one method yet in pursuing reduction in a person’s weight, it is best to come at the problem from multiple angles simultaneously. The person’s diet may well have to be the first and foremost approach however, the main alternative approaches involve several different ways of preventing excess food materials from being stored, leading to overweight. If control of the diet is the only method one employs, then so much depends upon strict dietary control that the will and the motivation of the client may be too severely tested. However, an approach in which dietary control takes pride of place, but is supported by a number of other approaches, is more likely to find client acceptability and is therefore more likely, ultimately, to be successful. In this section we list these “prevention of storage” approaches before dealing more fully with the diet. Areas covered Strategy of weight control Reduction of food intake The use of balanced hypocaloric diets Strategies for reducing food intake in practice Using foods intended to increase metabolic rate Mixtures of the various strategies SECTION 6 REDUCING WEIGHT THROUGH DIET & DIETARY COMPOSITION The principal purpose of this section is to understand the scope that we have to reduce food calories in the diet without necessarily reducing the total weight of food consumed. It looks closely at understanding and measuring food energy. Working in this way with diet is kindest to the clients and makes fewer demands upon their efforts and their will to succeed. Areas covered Understanding food energy The make-up of daily diets What does the body have to do with tis energy? Water content of foods The differing energy contents of food dry matter Substituting low-calorie for high-calorie foods The first stage of calorie reduction Combining diet with exercise A further stage of calorie reduction SECTION 7 SELECTING INDIVIDUAL FOODS The previous section talks mainly about the first principles of reducing calorie intake while keeping the weight of daily food dry matter level. This is done mainly by varying the extent to which each food class contributes to the overall diet; we simply reduce the proportions of those food classes with the higher calorie content. This section now looks within food classes to pick out those foods that, individually, have lower calorie content than the average for foods within the class concerned and make the best contribution to an individual client’s diet. This is a further step to calorie reduction without loss of food bulk. Areas covered Different foods within any given class have different calorific values Choosing foods within food classes for calorie reduction Specific recommendations for individual foods within each class Care needed in using the information Calorie contents of the “more suitable foods” Dietary results from substituting individual foods The necessary provision of dietary fat The quality of dietary protein The quantity of dietary protein Choosing foods for overall dietary suitability SECTION 8 BUILDING YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF FOODS INTO DIETS In the Sections that have gone before, we have noted several key strategies aimed at reducing the client’s intake of calories. This section gets down to the key job of building and structuring a diet to help each particular client - the aim now is to address the actual prescribing of diets to enable you to build upon the principles already learned and to give the client a workable diet that can achieve his or her aims. Areas Covered The adjusting and re-balancing of the food classes Calculating the food replacements Targeting individual foods SECTION 9 FIRST LOOK AT CONDUCTING CONSULTATIONS This section takes you through managing the consultation, helping you to structure the activity to provide a satisfactory experience for your clients. This is the basis for a good approach to weight reduction. The section culminates in the provision of example diet sheets with guidelines according to food classes and guidelines according to mealtimes and considers the benefits of both. Areas Covered The consultant’s surroundings and manner Direction of the early conversation Collection of the dietary data Weight-loss ideas come to you during the data collection Identifying the largest food contributions to overweight Balancing the food classes Writing down the guidelines Substitution of individual foods Reduction in the food bulk eaten Integrating the entire diet Example diet sheets SECTION 10 COUNTING CALORIES. BENEFITS OF EXERCISE. THE KETO DIET. In section 10 we cover the method of calculating the calories in everyday life. We look at the benefits of exercise for suitable clients and discuss more specific diets such as the ketogenic diet. Areas Covered Calculating the calories The benefits of exercise The ketogenic diet SECTION 11 PROMOTING GOOD HEALTH. UNDERSTANDING DRUG TREATMENTS. FOLLOW-UP GUIDELINES. Brings us to the section where we set about designing slimming programmes that are not only effective at weight loss, but also promote good health. To give you an insight into the potential problems, we also look at the drug treatments given for overweight by doctors. We also take you through the guidelines for follow-ups after the first consultation. Areas Covered Slimming programmes to promote good health Understanding drug treatments for overweight Follow-up guidelines SECTION 12 USE OF SUPPLEMENTS TO PROMOTE LOSS OF WEIGHT This section deals with non-food substances, or supplements that with help with weight loss. It looks at how they actually achieve this and discuss their effectiveness and safety implications for the individual. These include some micronutrients, herbs, enzyme inhibitors and sequestering agents. Areas Covered Inhibition of fat absorption Changing body composition Substances encouraging increased thermogenesis Appetite suppressants Enzyme inhibition Prevention of fat synthesis Nutrients that may accelerate metabolism Appendix 1 – some abstracts of key articles Appendix 2 – summary of modes of action SECTION 13 MANAGING This rather substantial last section deals with a fuller and final part on “Managing the Consultations”. This further develops your consultation skills and objective setting in weight management practice. It also addresses the tricky question of compliance and weight regain and how to avoid it. Finally, it looks at “Running your Practice as a Business” to ensure that you have a grasp of the business principles that you will need. Areas Covered Managing the consultations – basic methodology Note on progressive reduction in energy needs Construction of the overall prescription – different components Running your practice as a business Appendix (more about why the slimming process slows down) TESTIMONIALS Here's what students have to say about the course Mrs E. Marriott UK “The Plaskett course in Weight Management Consultancy has been a really good introduction into the importance of nutrition and balancing food groups to make up a healthy diet plan for those who are obese and wishing to lose weight. It would be good if you want to do it for your own understanding or if you are looking for a step into a professional qualification or practicing yourself. The tutors communicate with you and give you detailed feedback on assignments and the work is achievable within a year, quicker if your apply yourself. There is a lot of information in the course surrounding basic nutrients, composition of foods and on how to set up and run your own practice”.
Target Audience Lorem Ipsum Duration 1 Day Course Overview This course is designed by highly qualified learning design experts, assisted and guided by a Doctoral & Masters level leadership team. Working closely with subject matter leaders with extensive domain experience, this course is built on sound academic rigour and applied real world experience. Run in a cohort-based, activity-led format, it goes beyond theory to provide practical methods and frameworks that you can immediately apply in your workplace. Key Outcomes Lorum Ipsum
Course Overview outline updating. please contact us in the meantime to discuss your requirement. This course is designed by highly qualified learning design experts, assisted and guided by a Doctoral & Masters level leadership team. Working closely with subject matter leaders with extensive domain experience, this course is built on sound academic rigour and applied real world experience. Run in a cohort-based, activity-led format, it goes beyond theory to provide practical methods and frameworks that you can immediately apply in your workplace. Key Outcomes outline updating. please contact us in the meantime to discuss your requirement. Format F2F or Virtual Delivery Mode Closed Cohort or Occasional Limited Public Schedule Duration 1 Day Target Audience Business professionals, leaders & executives intending to drive and embed change.
Target Audience Mentors of business professionals, leaders & executives who are undertaking personal and professional development. Duration 3hrs Course Overview This course is designed to equip mentors to effectively guide their mentees through their development program. It provides mentors with insights into the mentoring program structure, expectations of mentors and mentees, and techniques for fostering a constructive and development-focused relationship. This course is designed by highly qualified learning design experts, assisted and guided by a Doctoral & Masters level leadership team. Working closely with subject matter leaders with extensive domain experience, this course is built on sound academic rigour and applied real world experience. Run in a cohort-based, activity-led format, it goes beyond theory to provide practical methods and frameworks that you can immediately apply in your workplace. Key Outcomes Follow the structure and meet the objectives of the organisation’s mentoring program. Apply effective strategies for building a productive mentoring relationship. Confidently facilitate development-focused conversations and activities. Support mentees in creating and implementing action plans.
Course Overview Effective use of technology in adaptive organisations is critical for innovation, collaboration and efficiency. By reflectively examining the patterns and pitfalls of technology usage, individuals can identify how they can best harness the latest tools and platforms to increase the quality and effectiveness of their effort. This course is designed by highly qualified learning design experts, assisted and guided by a Doctoral & Masters level leadership team. Working closely with subject matter leaders with extensive domain experience, this course is built on sound academic rigour and applied real world experience. Run in a cohort-based, activity-led format, it goes beyond theory to provide practical methods and frameworks that you can immediately apply in your workplace. Key Outcomes -Examine the current technology landscape -Identify bottlenecks and issues with current tools & processes -Collectively explore new tools and platforms -Prioritise & plan adoption of new technology Format F2F or Virtual Delivery Mode Closed Cohort Duration 4 Hrs Target Audience Business professionals, leaders & executives looking to drive innovation through creative use of technology in complex or ambiguous contexts.
Course Overview The adaptive communication course provides individuals with the ability to modify their communication style within volatile or ambiguous situations in order to effectively convey complex information and ideas. This involves understanding the perception and context of the audience and adapting language, tone, and delivery to drive evolving business outcomes. This course is designed by highly qualified learning design experts, assisted and guided by a Doctoral & Masters level leadership team. Working closely with subject matter leaders with extensive domain experience, this course is built on sound academic rigour and applied real world experience. Run in a cohort-based, activity-led format, it goes beyond theory to provide practical methods and frameworks that you can immediately apply in your workplace. Key Outcomes -Empathise with the perspectives and objectives of your audience -Apply active listening techniques -Adjust tone and language to suit the communication preference of your audience -Use assertive communication methods to deliver for impact Format F2F or Virtual Delivery Mode Closed Cohort Duration 4 Hrs Target Audience Business professionals, leaders & executives looking to effectively communicate in highly volatile or ambiguous environments.
Course Overview The adaptive leadership course focuses on helping leaders within organisations to navigate complex and uncertain situations, often involving significant change, by effectively applying and mobilising the disciplines, competencies and skills within the Adaptive Organisation Framework. This course is designed by highly qualified learning design experts, assisted and guided by a Doctoral & Masters level leadership team. Working closely with subject matter leaders with extensive domain experience, this course is built on sound academic rigour and applied real world experience. Run in a cohort-based, activity-led format, it goes beyond theory to provide practical methods and frameworks that you can immediately apply in your workplace. Key Outcomes -Explain the current organizational challenges that require adaptability -Describe the core disciplines, competencies and skills of the adaptive organization framework -Identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of their team in terms of adaptability -Build a roadmap to uplift adaptability within a department or team Format F2F or Virtual Delivery Mode Closed Cohort Duration 4 Hrs Target Audience Leaders & executives aiming to uplift adaptability as a capability within their departments or teams.