942 Business courses in Manchester

About this Training Course In turbulent times for the entire Energy Sector, Oil & Gas E & P segments are coming under tremendous pressure to reinvigorate. Oil Majors like Shell Plc are no longer termed as Oil & Gas Company but also branded as SHELL Energy, with technology at its forefront. The Risks, Scope and Context of Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Installation and Commissioning (EPCIC) Projects is evolving rapidly. Thus, the success of a project is dependent on the practical 'know how' in scoping, contract drafting, negotiation and execution competencies. Understanding the essential ingredients of contracts and mastering the international contracting principles will equip the participants to identify vague and ambiguous clauses, avoid dangerous and often hidden terms, and better understand the controlling position in a project. In this 3 full-day course, the participants will find out how to negotiate legacy contracts where parties are not allowed to edit any clauses during the bidding process. The participants will learn from the Case Law Reports and analysis to take home lessons learned from bitter experiences of their peers in the industry. It is designed to help those who need a solution to manage current contractual issues or those who execute contracts regularly and want to be more proficient in managing their contracts and projects, with changing contexts. The course is developed with the underlying objectives for the participants to: Enhance their current knowledge of the legal principles governing international Contracts from formation, execution to breaches, redresses and dispute resolution either as a party or as a consortium member or as a coverture. Manage Consortium and Joint Venture Partners inter-relationship and contractual responsibilities. Identify dangerous exposures due to joint and severally liable requirements of consortium-based contracts. Effectively Manage Risks of Projects, with Enforceable Contract Documents, by learning the purpose and potential benefits of maintaining evidence in compliance to the contract clauses. Learn the Contract Enforcement Nuggets of Owners and the Variation Claims Strategies of the Contractors. Allocation of contract management related roles / assignments and WBS within consortium partners for effective project management and profitable results. Use of Contract Terms & Conditions for enhancing project performance, monitoring, reporting, and achieving timely completion, thereby avoiding delays and disputes. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives Upon completion of the course, the participants will have learnt: Project management strictly in accordance with the contract and the corporate strategies. How to ensure that Variations Order claims are appropriately managed in turnkey and lump-sum contracts. Manage contemporary challenges and market factors with direct or indirect impact on the contracts. Managing all members of the Supply Chain from vendors to logistics services providers. Cost Engineering and Performance Management. How to manage Consortium Partners, Contractors, and Owner's representatives. When and how to obtain / grant extension of time (EOT) and costs. Ability to identify rights and obligations of each party to a contract instead of making subjective decisions. Ability to be firm in negotiations without violating terms of the agreements. Ability to spot different legal systems, contract laws and arbitration rules. Ability to negotiate and avoidance of disputes and resolution in amicable manner, in accordance with the provisions of the contract. Competency in developing and maintaining documentary evidence and traceability for all works executed during the project. Target Audience This course is specially curated for professionals from International Oil & Gas Industries including Offshore & Marine Sectors. They include the heads of strategic business units, contracts managers, project directors, project managers, general managers, corporate legal counsels, procurements and supply chain managers, lawyers and legal professionals engaged in the EPCIC Segments of the Oil & Gas Industry.   Course Level Intermediate Trainer Principal Management Consultant Chartered Valuer and Appraiser (CVA) FACICA | FAMTAC | FAIADR | M.S.I.D | Member, AIEN LL.M. (IP Law), M. Sc. (Maritime Studies), M. Tech (Knowledge Engineering), MBA, First Class CoC (MCA, UK), B. E. (Elect) Your expert course leader, during the last 47 year period, has worked and consulted in the industry verticals encompassing: Technology, Oil & Gas Exploration & Production, Petrochemical Process Plants and Power Plant Construction Projects, Logistics & Warehousing, Marine, Offshore, Oil & Gas Pipelines, Infrastructure Development Projects (Ports, Offshore Supply Bases, Oil & Gas Terminals and Airports etc), EPCIC Contracts, and Shipyards, in South East Asia, Africa, Middle East, Americas and Europe. He serves as the Principal Management Consultant with a management consultancy in Hong Kong and Singapore, specialising in the fields of corporate management consultancy, international contracts reviews and alternative dispute resolutions services. He undertakes special assignments for conducting audits and valuation of intangible properties involving proprietary processes for licensed production, and licensing of intellectual property rights (IP Rights) in patents, trademarks, and industrial designs. He is frequently engaged for assignments like due diligence, acquisitions, mergers, resolving various operational issues, technology transfer and agency services contracts reviews, cost controls, and enhancement of Supply Chain Management. He has been conferred the credentials of Chartered Valuer & Appraiser (CVA) by SAC and IVAS, in accordance with the international valuation standards setting body IVSC. His consulting experience includes Charterparty Management, Business Process Re-engineering, Diversifications, Corporate Development, Marketing, Complex Project Management, Feasibility Studies, Dispute Resolutions and Market Research. He has successfully assisted Marine and offshore E & P clients in managing contractual disputes arising from various international contracts for upgrading & conversion projects. He continues to be actively engaged in claims reviews, mediation, arbitration, litigation, and expert witness related assignments, arising from international contracts and Charterparty Agreements. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering, MBA in General Management, Master of Technology in Knowledge Engineering, Master of Science in Maritime Studies, and LL.M. (IP Law). He also holds professional qualifications in Business Valuations and Appraisers for CVA, arbitration, law, and marine engineering, including the Chief Engineer's First-Class Certificate of Competency (MCA, UK). He is further qualified and accredited as Certified International Arbitrator, Chartered Arbitrator, Sports arbitrator under CAS Rules, WIPO Neutral, Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) Bargaining Code Arbitrator, Accredited Adjudicator and Accredited Mediator (Malaysia). He is admitted to the international panels of arbitrators and neutrals with WIPO, Geneva; ACICA, AMTAC and ACMA, Australia; BVIAC (British Virgin Islands); JIAC (Jamaica); HKIAC Hong Kong; AIAC, Malaysia; AIADR, Malaysia; KCAB, Seoul, South Korea; ICA, Delhi, India; ICC (Singapore); SISV, Singapore; SCMA, Singapore; SCCA, Saudi Arabia; VIAC Vienna, Austria; Thailand Arbitration Centre (THAC), and Mediator with AIAC Malaysia, CMC, and SIMI Singapore. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Every organisation needs leaders who can think and act strategically. This program will help you clarify: Why you exist (strategic purpose) Where you are now (strategic assessment) Where you want to go (strategic development) How to get there (strategic execution)

AgileSHIFT®: In-House Training AgileSHIFT® is the change your organization needs: the business landscape is changing and transformation is necessary. But it is also hard. This program is aimed to drive transformational change throughout an organization. This new enterprise agility guidance empowers individuals to use a lightweight tailorable framework to understand, engage with, and champion change by embracing agile and lean ways of working. Taking a holistic view of an organization, AgileSHIFT® will create and support the champions of change your business needs in order to thrive in an increasingly competitive and disruptive workplace. What You Will Learn At the end of this program you will be able to: Identify why organizations need to create a culture of enterprise agility in response to a changing context Recognize how to think and work differently to enable change Explore agile and lean thinking concepts and how they relate to running and changing your organization Utilize key concepts of the AgileSHIFT® framework Describe the AgileSHIFT® delivery approach Getting Started A changing context Enterprise agility The Purpose of AgileSHIFT® The AgileSHIFT® Framework AgileSHIFT® principles AgileSHIFT® practices AgileSHIFT® roles AgileSHIFT® workflow Benefits of AXELOS.com Summary and Next Steps

About this training course This 3-day introductory-level course provides a comprehensive overview of Auditing in the Exploration & Production (E&P) industry. It is suitable for anyone who wants to gain a broader understanding of Upstream Oil & Gas Auditing - including joint venture, financial and contractual audits by government and regulatory authorities in the various granting regimes (Production Sharing Contracts, Risk Service Contracts, Concessionary). Training Objectives After the completion of this training course, participants will be able to: Gain knowledge of the unique features or key phases of the E&P Business Understand the general principles and objectives of the various different types of Upstream Oil & Gas audits Add value to your organisation by improving your audit techniques and auditing skills Review the importance of following process in order to avoid costly audit related findings. Utilize industry specific examples and exercises, develop your understanding of the most common E&P industry audit issues Target Audience This training course is suitable and will greatly benefit the following specific groups: Audit staff who are new or relatively new to the industry and who require a grounding in the various aspects of E&P Audit Finance or Accounting personnel involved in supporting audits Staff from a wide range of other business functions who are connected to / impacted by audit, such as, Supply Chain, Operations, Contracts Holders, IT, Tax and Treasury Topics will be covered from both the perspective of being part of an audit team plus that of the team being audited. Therefore, the course will appeal to staff from IOC's, NOC's and those from Government and/or Regulatory Authorities. Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The training instructor relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all the topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught in their own organization. Course Duration: 3 days in total (21 hours). Training Schedule 0830 - Registration 0900 - Start of training 1030 - Morning Break 1045 - Training recommences 1230 - Lunch Break 1330 - Training recommences 1515 - Evening break 1530 - Training recommences 1700 - End of Training The maximum number of participants allowed for this training course is 25. This course is also available through our Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Trainer Your expert course leader has more than 30 years of experience in the international oil and gas industry, covering all areas of Finance and Audit, including involvement in Commercial roles. During her 19 years with ENI she worked in Italy, Netherlands, Egypt and UK and was CFO for 2 major ENI subsidiaries. She has delivered training courses in Accounting, Audit, Economics and Commercial topics in many Countries. She has a Degree in Economics & Accounting and is a Certified Chartered Accountant. She is also a Chartered Auditor and an International Petroleum Negotiator. Outside of work, she is inspired by the beauty of nature and art, helping disadvantaged people, sports (football, golf) and her cat. Courses Delivered Internationally: E&P Accounting, Auditing in the Oil & Gas Industry Cost Control & Budgeting Introduction to the Oil & Gas Industry Petroleum Project Economics Contracts Strategy International O&G Exploitation Contracts POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Get to grips with what drives large-scale occupiers Who Could Benefit?   Corporate occupiers can be much more powerful than the landlords or investors they deal with. As long as they have a Corporate Real Estate department fighting their corner and coordinating and controlling the estate of space they occupy, whether leased or owned. Corporate Real Estate Managers keep an eye on productivity and performance of the entire ‘estate’. Business plans take in short term tactical allocations and long-term structural plans. Corporate Real Estate Managers are essential in enabling a large corporate or governmental occupier to get the most out of the space they occupy. This on-line course gives a solid grounding to those who work in Corporate Real Estate departments for occupiers and service / data / software providers, as well as those who work for investors and want to understand the considerations from the occupiers’ point of view (as occupiers are in fact their tenant, and their main source of income). Modules Understanding Corporate Real Estate The course “Understanding Corporate Real Estate” offers a foundation knowledge course. Perfect for those working in the real estate departments of large corporate and government-related occupiers, or those working with/for Corporate Real Estate occupiers. We explain the main drivers in the property market seen from an occupier perspective. Have you always been keen to understand better what a Corporate Property Managers does? How does this fit into the bigger picture? What factors are most important in deciding whether to Lease or Buy? Where to locate and for how long? What factors ought to drive disposal decisions, and what drives it in reality? Are you curious to understand what the main lease considerations are for a corporate occupier? How do various processes work, how do you factor in strategic and tactical objectives, changes to the business plan, the economy and the business environment? Along the way we explain lots and lots of jargon and how it all fits together. Taught by Cléo Folkes, CEO of Property Overview. See contentNext Date Available: Enquire for a date | Location: UK, abroad or in-line Pricing Find the best price.   Property Overview offers competitively priced training courses with unique practitioner-led content, which means we can tailor our in-house courses around your requirements. Applied, relevant content leads to greater impact and value-for-money. Pricing below is shown for on-line public courses for individual bookings (left), and for on-line in-house courses (right). For bookings of 4 or more staff an on-line in-house course is recommended, also as the content can be tailored around your needs and your products or services. To book one or two individual places please fill in our booking form, otherwise please email kaushik@propertyoverview.co.uk Understanding Corporate Real Estate £3,025/day in-house – incl. 6 attendees • 1-day training course, can be split over 2 half days• 6 hours of CPD in total• UK VAT @ 20% applies• In-house course includes up to 6 attendees(£60pp + VAT surcharge applies thereafter)

Overview In today's competitive business world firms are under unprecedented pressure to deliver value to their shareholders and other key stakeholders. Senior executives in all parts of the organisation are finding that they need some degree of financial know-how to cope with the responsibility placed on them as business managers and key decision-makers; monitoring and improving business performance, investing in capital projects, mergers and acquisitions and budgets. All require some degree of financial knowledge. 

Project Accounting and Finance Skills: In-House Training Do you manage both project schedules and budgets, but do not have insight into how actual results relate to the approved budget? Do you desire to have more clarity about the relationship between your project's performance with the accounting and financial systems in your organization? Do you need to understand financial and accounting terminology to bridge the gap between the 'world of finance' and the 'world of project management? Organizations have a need to manage-by-projects, because projects are the means to deliver on strategic goals and objectives. Therefore, the project manager must have an understanding of the financial world of investments to ensure the organization will realize expected business value. This requires a foundation in the principles of accounting and finance to comprehend how the project's contribution provides an organization with a competitive advantage. Learn what you must do to give your organization the assurance it needs that its investment in your project will realize business value. Learn what you must do to give your organization the assurance it needs to know that its investment in your project will realize business value. What You Will Learn At the end of this program, you will be able to: Explain the aspects of classical corporate accounting and finance effects on managing projects Determine how your project fits into the corporate income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement Analyze the financial aspects of managing projects Use earned value management as the basis for decision making throughout the project life Recognize the importance of the project manager's financial responsibilities Focus on what PMs do and should be doing, in support of accounting and finance Use financial information within a project environment to meet financial results Track and analyze the project's financial status and forecast with the goal of realizing benefits Generate work performance data to ensure a project's outcome aligns with financial metrics Foundation Concepts Accounting and Finance Terms and Concepts Accounting and Finance Essentials Financial Terms and Concepts Projects as Financial Investments Overview of 'Two Worlds' Project as Investments Accounting and Finance World: Standards, Principles and Practices Accounting and Finance Standards and Principles Accounting and Finance Practices Capital Budgeting Corporate Budgeting Accounting and Finance World: Economic Project Selection Methods Economic Project Selection Methods Economic Project Selection and the Business Case Project Management World Project Management and Financial Controls Project Management and Work Performance Data Project Management and Earned Value Management Project Management and Work Performance Reporting

About this Training Course  Exploration and production technology, equipment specification and processes have a unique language that must be conquered by executives such as you. A confident understanding of the technical jargon and a visual appreciation of the various pieces of equipment used provides for an overall 'big picture' of industry value chain. This serves as an excellent foundation for smooth communication and increased efficiency in inter-department project team efforts. Gain a comprehensive overview of the entire value chain and process of oil & gas upstream operations and business in this 3 full-day training course. Training Objectives By attending this industry fundamentals training course, participants will be better able to: Appreciate the dynamics of world energy demand & supply and its impact on pricing Understand the formation of petroleum reservoirs and basic geological considerations Examine the exploration process to gain an overview of the technical processes involved Gain a comprehensive overview of drilling activities - from pre-drilling preparation, through to well drilling, well evaluations and post drilling activities Get familiarised with the common production methods and the different stages of its processes Integrate your understanding of asset maintenance and downstream supply chain activities Better visualise through video presentations the various exploration equipment/ technologies and understand the major cost components Target Audience This course will be useful and applicable, but not limited to: Accounting Administration Business Development Commercial Construction E & P IT / Data Finance Finance & Treasury Health & Safety Human Resource Joint Venture Co-ordinators Legal Logistics Materials Planning Procurement Sales & Marketing Senior Management Sourcing Strategic Planning Supply Chain Tender Contract Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods Multi-media presentation methodology to enable better understanding and appreciation technical jargon and equipment applied in the field A pre-course questionnaire to help us focus on your key learning objectives Detailed reference manual for continuous learning and sharing Limited class size to ensure one to one interactivity Trainer Your expert course leader worked for BP for 28 years as a Research Associate and Team Leader, working on Feasibility Studies and acting as a trouble shooter covering all aspects of BPs businesses. These covered field Development Project in the North Sea and several novel resource recovery techniques which were taken from Concept to Field Pilot trials in Canada. His specific work in the offshore area covered Subsea Robotics / Automation, Seabed Production Concepts, Seabed Excavation Methods, Underwater Repair Techniques, Flexible Riser Studies and Maintenance Cost Reductions. After leaving BP in 1992, he continued working in the offshore oil industry through Azur Offshore Ltd, including activities in the assessment of Emerging and Novel Technologies, Technical and Economic Audits, Studies, Production Sharing Agreement Evaluations, Safety and Environmental issues. Clients have included Chevron UK, BP Exploration, British Gas, Technomare, Trident Consultants, Fina UK and Cameron France. He is a regular University lecturer at Crandfield School of Industrial Sciences (UK) and is a course Group Project external examiner for Crandfield. He also lectures on offshore oil industry activities at ENSIETA (France), the Technical University of Delft (Holland) and the Northern Territories University in Darwin (Australia). He is an active member of the UK Society for Underwater Technology (SUT) and serves on their Subsea Engineering and Operations Committee. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) Preventive and Predictive maintenance are not new concepts. Both have been used across industry all over the world and when done properly, can yield impressive results (cost reductions of 20% or greater and a leap forward in equipment reliability and performance are very achievable). However, for every company using these concepts effectively, there are many others who are not. This 8 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course has been derived from the Plant Performance Improvement Road Map developed by practitioners that guarantee the reliability of your operations. The VILT training focuses on how to improve profitability of any business by identifying the right maintenance strategy for any equipment. The aim of the VILT training is to help practitioners run programmes that will deliver real benefits as fast as possible with minimum zero wasted effort. The VILT training will also cover the core principles of Reliability Centred Maintenance, Total Productive Maintenance and Six Sigma and the increasingly important role of operations in achieving optimised asset performance. This is a certified course with the option of sitting for a short exam on the final day of the course to give participants the opportunity to gain a Certificate from petroEDGE and the Carcharodon Maintenance Academy. Training Objectives Master the critical skills by acquiring the following: An understanding of how maintenance can add profit The ability to develop improvement programmes that deliver maximum benefit in the shortest time A fundamental understanding of the principles of Preventive, Predictive and other maintenance types A practical understanding of the latest methods of solving problems at root cause level An appreciation of maintenance methodologies such as Reliability Centred Maintenance Strategies for ensuring your company gets value for money from your Contractors How to use the Maintenance Model of Excellence and Plant Performance Improvement Road Map Target Audience This VILT course has been designed for maintenance managers and engineers, reliability professionals, planners, project engineers, operations team members, and functional specialists. Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 8 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day. Course Duration: 8 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (32 hours in total). Trainer Your expert course leader is an award-winning consultant and trainer with 30 years' experience in maintenance and reliability improvement. He has worked across five continents, in a wide variety of environments from the world's largest oil refinery to a small drinks production line. He has 10 years of maintenance management experience in the process industry, so he brings a very practical approach to training. He moved into consulting with ABB Eutech as their global maintenance specialist where he led maintenance and reliability best practice panels, delivered a wide range of maintenance improvement projects and trained other consultants. He is a fully qualified CMRP professional, an approved SMRP* Proctor, authorised to conduct CMRP exams and a globally respected maintenance consultant and best practice trainer. He founded his consultancy and training business in 2002 to focus on maintenance and reliability improvement. As part of this, he developed a range of maintenance 'models of excellence' with inputs from authors, international lecturers and some of the world's leading consultants and operators. His work has been recognised as being at the leading edge of industry best practice, winning independent awards such as the UK Chemical Industries Association 'Excellence in Engineering' award. He remains close to the industry as a respected specialist helping operating companies to achieve changes in performance. This ongoing field work enables him to continue to refine and extend best practice and the learning from this is continually fed into his training. His unique experience of facilitating two major turnarounds when the Coronavirus escalated into lockdown have given him a unique insight into how events of this type can disrupt maintenance. Moreover, his involvement in developing management processes and leading a Coronavirus response on a major industrial asset means he can talk with direct experience about how to cope and innovate in this global pandemic. *SMRP refers to Society of Maintenance and Reliability Professionals. PetroEdge is not affiliated with SMRP POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

PRINCE2® Practitioner : In-House Training Projects fail for a variety of reasons including poor planning, lack of defined quality criteria, poor understanding of the business drivers, inadequate control, and lack of senior management involvement in other words, lack of a structured best practice approach to project delivery. PRINCE2® (6th Edition is the current version) is a structured, process-based approach for project management providing a methodology which can be easily tailored and scaled to suit all types of projects. It is the de facto standard for project management in the UK Government and is also used extensively in more than 150 countries worldwide with in excess of 20,000 organizations already benefitting from its powerful approach. It can be used easily in combination with PMI®'s PMBOK® Guide to provide a robust project methodology, or to augment an existing PMBOK®-based methodology with additional rigor around areas such as Quality, Organization, and Benefits Realization. The goals of this course are to take participants to the next level of understanding and application of the PRINCE2® methodology and to prepare them to sit the Practitioner exam. Using APMG provided sample exam papers and additional project case studies, participants will learn how to apply what they learned during the Foundation course and how to approach the OTE Practitioner exam, which is aimed at testing their ability to apply PRINCE2® in an actual project environment simulated via a case study provided as part of the exam. What you will Learn You'll learn how to: Tailor and apply the principles, themes, process structure, techniques, and management products of PRINCE2® within a work environment, via carefully selected case studies Define the PRINCE2® 6th Edition method at the Practitioner level Prepare for and take the Practitioner exam Getting Started Introductions Course structure Course goals and objectives Tailoring PRINCE2® Tailoring PRINCE2® Adopting PRINCE2® Tailoring PRINCE2® to suit different projects Adopting PRINCE2® in an organizational environment Controlled Start Recap management products Study business case and risk Study activities and responsibilities in: Starting up a project Initiating a project Controlled Progress Study management products and risk Study activities and responsibilities in: Getting work done Monitoring and reporting Issues and escalation Controlled Close Study Activities and Responsibilities in Closing a Project Activities and roles Roles and Responsibilities Principles Exercise Product-basedPlanning Producing a product breakdown structure (PBS) Producing a product flow diagram (PFD) Linking product breakdown structures and product flow diagrams to product descriptions