6624 Courses

Transform your career with UK Ready Waiter Training! Master HACCP, UK food safety laws, allergen handling, and more. Ideal for waiters in the UK. Sign up now!

Enhance your healthcare communication skills with the British Sign Language (BSL) - Health and Medical Signs course. Gain comprehensive BSL knowledge and master medical terminology through interactive videos and quizzes. Ideal for healthcare professionals and anyone interested in bridging communication gaps in medical contexts. Enroll now for a globally recognized CPD certification.

In today’s fast-paced business environment, efficiency and effective workflow are essential to maintaining a competitive edge. This course is designed to enhance your ability to manage time, communication, and workplace challenges with confidence. You will explore practical strategies to boost productivity by refining organisational skills and improving how you interact with colleagues. Understanding the dynamics of productive communication helps to create a smoother working atmosphere that supports success. Additionally, the course addresses important aspects of wellbeing in the workplace, recognising how stress, anxiety, and health directly influence performance. By learning techniques to manage conflict and maintain wellness, you can foster a balanced work life that promotes sustained output and personal satisfaction. Whether you are seeking to develop your management abilities or simply improve day-to-day efficiency, this course offers valuable insights to support your professional growth. Additionally, you get: Free exam Free assessment Free certificate Free Tutor support Hurry up and enrol, before the offer expires! Course Curriculum: Module 01: Ways to Improve Workplace Productivity Module 02: Organisational Skills to Improve Productivity Module 03: Productive Communication Skills in the Workplace Module 04: Time Management Module 05: Conflict Management Module 06: Health, Safety and Wellness in the Workplace Module 07: Managing Stress and Coping Anxiety in the Workplace Course Assessment You will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test upon completing an online module. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Accredited Certificate After successfully completing this Workplace Productivity - CPD Accredited course, you will qualify for the CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) certified certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by The CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) Who is this course for? The Workplace Productivity - CPD Accredited training is ideal for highly motivated individuals or teams who want to enhance their skills and efficiently skilled employees. Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path Learn the essential skills and knowledge you need to excel in your professional life with the help & guidance from our Workplace Productivity - CPD Accredited training.

Gas Engineer | Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Technician | Electrical Technician | Pipe Fitting | Understand Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams P&IDs | Electrical and Fire Safety Training | PUWER and much more The UK oil and gas industry is in its sixth decade of offshore production. Between 2014 and 2020, production increased by almost 20%. The sector is directly responsible for approaching 40,000 jobs. An estimation showed in 2018, around 260,000 jobs were supported by the UK upstream oil and gas industry. If you are looking for a new role as a gas heating installation or service engineer or just considering your options, then this Gas Engineer bundle is a total gem for you. From car fuel to electricity, to petrochemicals and plastics, Oil & Gas as an energy source plays a vital role in our current energy mix. If you're new to the industry or have ever wondered how it all works and how you can gain the necessary skill to break into this oil and gas industry, this is the course for you! Throughout the programme, it stresses how to improve your competency as a person in your profession while at the same time it outlines essential career insights in this job sector. Consequently, you'll strengthen your knowledge and skills; on the other hand, see a clearer picture of your career growth in future. By the end of the Gas Engineer, you can equip yourself with the essentials to keep you afloat in the competition. This Bundle Consists of the following Premium courses: Course 01: Gas Engineer Course 02: Level 3 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) Technician Course 03: Electrical Technician Course 04: Pipe Fitting Course Course 05: Understand Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams P&IDs Course 06: Electrical and Fire Safety Training - Level 2 Course 07: PUWER Course 08: Manual Handling Level 2 Course 09: Ladder Safety Course 10: Working in Confined Spaces Course 11: COSHH Awareness Level 3 Course 12: DSEAR Training Course 13: RIDDOR Training Course 14: First Aid Training Benefits you'll get choosing Apex Learning for this Gas Engineer: Pay once and get lifetime access to 14 CPD courses Free e-Learning App for engaging reading materials & helpful assistance Certificates, student ID for the title course included in a one-time fee Free up your time - don't waste time and money travelling for classes Accessible, informative modules designed by expert instructors Learn at your ease - anytime, from anywhere Study the course from your computer, tablet or mobile device CPD accredited course - improve the chance of gaining professional skills How will I get my Certificate? After successfully completing the course you will be able to order your CPD Accredited Certificates (PDF + Hard Copy) as proof of your achievement. PDF Certificate: Free (For The Title Course) Hard Copy Certificate: Free (For The Title Course) Curriculum of Gas Engineer Bundle You'll discover how to master the Gas Engineer skill while exploring relevant and essential topics like: Introduction to Gas Engineering Combustion Transmission System: Pipes and Flues Ventilation Tightness Testing Meter Regulator Check Appliance Pressures and Gas Rates Emergency Isolation Controls and Valves Gas Safety Devices and Controls Gas Warning Labelling Emergency and Evacuation Procedures Chimney Standards, Inspection and Testing Gas Appliances and Safety Course 02: Level 3 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) Technician Introduction to Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) Heating Fundamentals and Psychrometrics HVAC Systems Heating and Ventilation Air Conditioning Systems for HVAC Technicians Compressors, Water Chillers, and Fans Piping for HVAC Technician Duct System in HVAC Refrigeration and Refrigerants Special Applications HVAC System Selection Safety in the HVAC Industry Course 03: Electrical Technician Introduction and Basics Communication Skills Electrical Units and ohm's Laws Safety Precautions Direct Current Alternating Current Voltage and Resistance Capacitance and Capacitors Combined Inspection and Testing Course 04: Pipe Fitting Course Layout of Piping System Types of Pipes and Pipe Materials Types of Pipe Joints Types of Valves Types of Fittings Piping Nipples, Flanges and Gaskets UK Standard of Plumbing Course 05: Understand Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams P&IDs INTRODUCTION ABOUT P&ID's INTRODUCTION TO P&ID READING BASIC P&ID SYMBOLS LET'S GET SOME PRACTICE : BASIC P&ID SYMBOLS P&ID DESIGNATION CODES THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCESS CONTROL CONTROL THEORY BASICS P&ID EXAMPLES : LET'S GET SOME PRACTICE Course 06: Electrical and Fire Safety Training - Level 2 Introduction and Basics Introduction to Fire Safety Voltage and Resistance Capacitance and Capacitors Safety Precautions Fire Safety Legislation Measures of Fire Safety Fire Emergency: Evacuation Procedures Course 07: PUWER Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations Selection and Conformity of Work Equipment Safe Functionality of Work Equipment Monitoring and Evaluation of Work Equipment Maintenance of Work Equipment Course 08: Manual Handling Level 2 Introduction, Legislation and Guidance Manual Handling Hazards and Injuries Manual Handling Risk Assessments Controlling and Reducing the Risks Safe Lifting Techniques Course 09: Ladder Safety Introduction to Ladder Safety Ladder Classifications and Uses Pre-use Safety Inspections and Risk Assessment Setting Up and Safe Use of Ladders Placement Considerations and Securing a Ladder Course 10: Working in Confined Spaces Working in Confined Spaces and the Laws Risk Assessment Control Measures Emergency Procedures Course 11: COSHH Awareness Level 3 COSHH Explained COSHH Regulations Identifying Hazardous Substances COSHH Risk Assessments Control Measures and Monitoring Implementing Control Measures Course 12: DSEAR Training Introduction to DSEAR ATEX and Explosive Atmospheres General Safety Safe Working with Flammable Substances Equipment and Protection System Risk Assessment Course 13: RIDDOR Training Health and Safety at Work and the Laws Managing for Health and Safety Risk Assessment and Common Risks RIDDOR Course 14: First Aid Training Introduction to Workplace First Aid Legal Framework for Workplace First Aid Incident Management at Work Primary Survey Secondary Survey Basic First-Aid Techniques Call for an Emergency CPD 140 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this bundle. Requirements This course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones. Career path With lucrative professions and attractive starting salaries, there are many options for career progression by taking this Gas Engineer course . Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included You will get the PDF Certificate for the title course (Gas Engineer Training) absolutely Free! Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the Hard Copy certificate for the title course (Gas Engineer Training) absolutely Free! Other Hard Copy certificates are available for £10 each. Please Note: The delivery charge inside the UK is £3.99, and the international students must pay a £9.99 shipping cost.

Don't Compromise on Quality to Save Few Bucks Get Hard Copy + PDF Certificates + Transcript + Student ID Card + e-Learning App as a Gift - Enrol Now Tired of browsing and searching for a Paediatrics and Child Health course you are looking for? Can't find the complete package that fulfils all your needs? Then don't worry as you have just found the solution. Take a minute and look through this extensive bundle that has everything you need to succeed. After surveying thousands of learners just like you and considering their valuable feedback, this all-in-one Paediatrics and Child Health bundle has been designed by industry experts. We prioritised what learners were looking for in a complete package and developed this in-demand Paediatrics course that will enhance your skills and prepare you for the competitive job market. Also, our experts are available for answering your queries on Paediatrics and Child Health and help you along your learning journey. Advanced audio-visual learning modules of these Paediatrics courses are broken down into little chunks so that you can learn at your own pace without being overwhelmed by too much material at once. Furthermore, to help you showcase your expertise in Paediatrics and Child Health, we have prepared a special gift of 1 hardcopy certificate and 1 PDF certificate for the title course completely free of cost. These certificates will enhance your credibility and encourage possible employers to pick you over the rest. This Paediatrics and Child Health Bundle Consists of the following Premium courses: Course 01: Paediatrician Course 02: Paediatric Care Course Course 03: Understanding Autism Awareness and Diagnosis Course 04: Child Language Disorder (CLD) Course 05: Safeguarding Children Level 3 Course 06: Counselling Children & Supporting Their Wellbeing Course 07: Care Planning and Record-Keeping Course 08: Medical Terminology Training Course 09: Infection Prevention Training Course 10: Understanding Nutrition and Health Level 4 Course 11: Medical Law Course 12: Paediatric First Aid Level 3 Course 13: English for Healthcare Course 14: Personal Hygiene Enrol now in Paediatrics and Child Health to advance your career, and use the premium study materials from Apex Learning. How will I get my Certificate? After successfully completing the course, you will be able to order your CPD Accredited Certificates (PDF + Hard Copy) as proof of your achievement. PDF Certificate: Free (For The Title Course) Hard Copy Certificate: Free (For The Title Course) The bundle incorporates basic to advanced level skills to shed some light on your way and boost your career. Hence, you can strengthen your Paediatrics and Child Health expertise and essential knowledge, which will assist you in reaching your goal. Curriculum of Paediatrics and Child Health Bundle Course 01: Paediatrician Module 01: Introduction to Paediatrician Module 02: Paediatric Nutrition and Nutritional Disorder Module 03: Neonatology Module 04: Gastroenterology Module 05: Haematology Module 06: Neurology Module 07: Immunology and Allergy Module 08: Oncology Module 09: Paediatrics, ethics, and the law Course 02: Paediatric Care Course Module 01: Baby Care: Conception and Significance Module 02: Necessary Care for Newborn Module 03: Baby's Cleanliness and Hygiene Module 04: Essential Diet for the Baby Module 05: Nursery and Feeding Equipment Module 06: Baby's Activities Module 07: Growth and Development Module 08: Physical Problems and Injuries in Babies Module 09: Different Diseases of a Newborn Module 10: Prevention and Care Management Module 11: Safety for the Baby Course 03: Understanding Autism Awareness and Diagnosis Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Learning Difficulties Related to Autism Autism Diagnosis Cognitive Approaches in Autism Dealing with Autistic Individuals Other Considerations for Dealing with Autistic Individuals Engagement in Autism Awareness Course 04: Child Language Disorder (CLD) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Learning Difficulties Related to Autism Autism Diagnosis Cognitive Approaches in Autism Dealing with Autistic Individuals Other Considerations for Dealing with Autistic Individuals Engagement in Autism Awareness Course 05: Safeguarding Children Level 3 Module 01: Laws and Guidance Module 02: Social and Emotional Development Module 03: Personality and Intellectual Development of Children Module 04: Child Abuse Module 05: Sexual Abuse Course 06: Counselling Children & Supporting Their Wellbeing Section 01: Introduction Section 02: Prevalence Section 03: Definition of Mental Health Section 04: Recognizing Mental Health Problems among Children Section 05: Signs and symptoms of Mental Health Difficulties among Children Course 07: Care Planning and Record-Keeping Module 01: Introduction to the Care Planning Process Module 02: Planning Care With the Individual in Need Module 03: Concept Care Mapping Module 04: Implementing and Evaluating the Care Plan Course 08: Medical Terminology Training Module 1 : Human Body Vocabulary with Pictures Module 2 : Equipment, Instruments and Lab Tests Module 3 : Acronyms and Abbreviation Module 4 : Digestive System Course 09: Infection Prevention Training Module 01: Infection Prevention and Control Policy in the UK Module 02: Principles of Prevention and Control of Infection Module 03: Immunization Module 04: Infections Spread by Food and Water Course 10: Understanding Nutrition and Health Level 4 Module 01: Introduction to Nutrition Module 02: Nutrients for Life - Nutrients for Life Macronutrients Module 03: Nutrients for Life - Micronutrients Module 04: Nutrition Requirements from Pregnancy to Teenage Course 11: Medical Law Module 01- An Introduction to Medical Law Module 02- Legislation on Access to Health, Medical Report, Treatment Module 03- Legislation on Adult Support Module 04- Legislation on Public Health and Health Service Course 12: Paediatric First Aid Level 3 Module 01: Aim of First Aid and the First Steps Module 02: Resuscitation (CPR) Module 03: Secondary Assessment, The Recovery Position And Shock Module 04: Head and Eye Injuries, Fractures, and Amputation Module 05: Choking, Wounds, Bleeding & Burns Module 06: Secondary Conditions and Reactions I Module 07: Secondary Conditions and Reactions II Module 08: Chronic Conditions Module 09: Medical Emergencies - Poisoning, Smoke inhalation, Hypothermia, Elect Course 13: English for Healthcare Part-1: Basic Vocabulary Part 2- Medical Terminology Part 3- Medical Communication Skills and Strategies Course 14: Personal Hygiene Module 01: Introduction to Personal Hygiene and a Brief History Module 02: Looking Clean, Smelling Clean Module 03: Improving and Maintaining Oral Health Module 04: Care of the Eyes Module 05: Ear Care Secrets Module 06: Foot & Nail Care in Personal Hygiene Module 07: Hair Care Hygienic Ways Module 08: Hygienic Approach to Skin Care Module 09: Maintain Good Toilet Hygiene Module 10: Potential Hygiene Guidelines Module 11: Personal Hygiene During Coronavirus Pandemic CPD 145 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this Paediatrics and Child Health bundle. Requirements Our Paediatrics and Child Health course is fully compatible with PCs, Macs, laptops, tablets and Smartphone devices. Career path Having this Paediatrics and Child Health expertise will increase the value of your CV and open you up to multiple job sectors. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - Included

24 Hours Left! Don't Let the Winter Deals Slip Away - Enrol Now! Strong leaders are the foundation of any successful business. A Leader can make or break a team, so enhancing or solidifying your leadership skills is crucial to being the best leader you can be. Around 49% of all employees in the UK at some point quit their jobs because of their lack of Leadership and management. With step-by-step instructions from our Leadership & Management Level 7 Advance Diploma, you will avoid all the mistakes that most managers/ leaders make and become an ideal leader who inspires, motivates & achieves goals by properly managing employees. This Advanced Diploma in Leadership & Management at QLS Level 7 course is endorsed by The Quality Licence Scheme & Accredited by CPD (with 250 CPD points) to make your skill development & career progression more accessible than ever! The Leadership & Management Level 7 Advanced Diploma Offers the Following Courses with Free Certificate: Course 01: Strategic Business Management Course 02: Financial Management Course 03: Diploma in Performance Analysis Course 04: Unconscious Bias Training Course 05: Decision-Making in High-Stress Situations In this Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma Training Programme, you learn about different Leadership Management styles & which one will suit you best. You find out how to create a high-performance team that can always get things done, along with detailed lessons on managing office politics, negotiating, communicating, succession planning & much more. Learning Outcomes of This Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma Course: The learning objectives for this Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma Training course are broken down in detail below. After finishing the course, you will: Understand the fundamental concepts and significance of leadership management. Explore key leadership theories and their applicability in organizational settings. Enhance leadership performance through evaluation and actionable strategies. Build, nurture, and sustain high-performing team dynamics. Master strategies to motivate employees and boost morale. Develop organizational skills crucial for effective leadership management. Learn to identify, acquire, and integrate top talent effectively. Design and implement strategic succession planning initiatives. Optimize business processes for efficiency and productivity. Enhance communication skills tailored for leadership roles. Acquire effective negotiation techniques for leadership scenarios. Utilize Microsoft Office tools for effective leadership management tasks. Optimize time management for leadership effectiveness and efficiency. Navigate office politics while maintaining professional integrity and much more Why Prefer Our Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma Course? Level 7 Quality Licence Scheme Endorsed 30 DAYS UNCONDITIONAL MONEY BACK GUARANTEE CPD Certified Course Free e-Certificates and Student ID Card Innovative and engaging content Free Assessments 24/7 Exper Tutor Support Student Testimonials - What Our Students Say! ''An excellent and insightful course on Leadership and Management. The course is well-structured and engaging. Two thumbs up :)'' Reviewed by LOUIS BOBB ''Lots of good in-depth knowledge, easily accessible, well structured and clearly set out. A joy to work with.'' Reviewed by Kevin Reid ''Great contents. I will highly recommend it.'' Reviewed by Stephen Oparah So enrol now in this Leadership Management & Team Leader course today to Advance your career! Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma Course Curriculum of Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma Leadership Management Module 01: Introduction to Leadership Management Leadership Management Module 02: Leadership Management Theories Leadership Management Module 03: Improving Leadership Performance Leadership Management Module 04: High-Performance Teams Leadership Management Module 05: Motivating Employees Leadership Management Module 06: Organisational Skills Leadership Management Module 07: Talent Acquisation Leadership Management Module 08: Succession Planning Leadership Management Module 09: Business Process Optimisation Leadership Management Module 10: Communication Skills Leadership Management Module 11: Negotiation Techniques Leadership Management Module 12: Managing Meetings and Giving Feedback Leadership Management Module 13: Managing Change Leadership Management Module 14: Time Management Leadership Management Module 15: Dealing with Stress Situations Leadership Management Module 16: Emotional Intelligence Leadership Management Module 17: Managing Conflict Leadership Management Module 18: Dealing with Office Politics Leadership Management Module 19: Risk Assessment Leadership Management Module 20: Corporate Responsibility and Ethics Leadership Management Module 21: Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint CPD 320 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma For leaders and high potential managers to upgrade their capacity to deal with competence and lead for individual and organisational achievement. Entrepreneurs. Business owners. Anyone who wants to be a great leader. Requirements Our Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma course is open to all. Career path Our Leadership Management & Team Leader Level 7 Advanced Diploma course will open the door to opportunities. General Manager Director Human Resources Managers Operation Manager Supervisor Administrative Services Manager

We communicate daily in many ways, including email, phone, text, Zoom, Teams, Google Meets, Slack, and even that old-fashioned thing, what was it now... oh yes, talking face-to-face. But, when we look at communication closely and really drill down into what we are doing in conjunction with how our brain works (neuroscience), how internal, organisational, and social politics control what we believe we can say, how hierarchical positioning impacts our honesty and how the lack of psychological safety means we say what we know others want to hear rather than what they need to hear…. It is oh so complicated! This workshop not only explores the concept of excellent communication, but we also want to hear what you believe it is too. We also delve into how organisational culture influences our perception of speaking up. Factors that hinder open and honest communication, and we work collaboratively towards removing these barriers to achieve a communication style that fosters trust and transparency, creating psychological safety. This workshop is particularly relevant to our Emotional Intelligence workshop (EI and Me). We firmly believe that developing emotional intelligence is the key to unlocking Clean Communication, a skill that is crucial for all of us, regardless of our roles and responsibilities, so that we thrive in our professional environment. If you want to see if we are correct, why not have us facilitate a workshop for you and see what you get by the end of it?  LENGTH - Normally, one day. But please contact us to discuss your specific needs, or we can offer advice. NEXT WORKSHOP START - Please ask for more information as we deliver bespoke closed events for your people at your location or a mutually suitable location. WORKSHOP DELIVERY - The best environment for this workshop is face-to-face, but we can facilitate this workshop online. Suitability - Who should attend? Who Should Attend and Why? Who? - Perhaps think of this another way… who shouldn’t attend to ensure we can attain Clean Communication? There’s your answer. Why? - Every person needs to understand what we are saying above about how we get trapped in this organisational formatting which changes how we communicate and how it prevents us from communicating cleanly. EVERY organisation has this, despite what our values profess. And 'Values', that’s a whole other story. Workshop Content Using the 'Moccasin Approach'® to clean our personal and organisational communication LaPD’s Communication Cycle and what we must consider. (Can you work out what the ? represent above? Accountability and Responsibility raises its head in Communication. It has to. Bias, unconscious bias and its impacts on our communication. The conundrum of communicating with others and their styles (The TRAP). How would my perfect Manager/Leader communicate with me? Nonverbal communication (body language), rapport, Clean Communication. Negative communication can go viral (Self-Fulfilling Prophecy). Reflections, findings and goals (individual and team). Meeting our workshop objectives by listing five areas for development. Workshop delivery and venue This workshop is usually one day in duration, and it focuses solely on how we communicate with each other. It can also be a two-day event incorporating aspects of Emotional Intelligence (EI) with group, and individual activities to allow discussions about the various communication we need in your organisation. When you consider the content we deliver, we are sure you will understand why we always prefer to deliver our workshops, courses and programmes face-to-face. Face-to-face workshops and courses can be held at a location of your choice or, if you wish, a central UK location, such as the Macdonald Burlington Hotel in Birmingham, located directly across from the Birmingham New Street train station. We can deliver our workshops, courses and programmes online, although this will mean splitting elements into manageable learning events to suit the online environment.

Join our SEN Teacher course to gain the skills needed to make a real difference in special education. Learn effective strategies and inspire every student.

Explore the dynamic world of adult care management with our comprehensive introductory course designed for care workers. Gain essential skills in communication, team collaboration, and service development planning. Navigate the complexities of adult care settings, address safeguarding challenges, and promote well-being. Elevate your career in healthcare with our #AdultCareManagement course – where compassionate care meets professional excellence.

CWAP training course description This WiFi analysis course consists of hands-on learning using the latest enterprise wireless LAN analysis and troubleshooting tools. The course takes an in-depth look at the functionality of WLANs, intended operation of the 802.11 protocol and Wi-Fi Alliance specifications, WLAN frame formatting and structure, troubleshooting methodology, and protocol analysis. It also includes extensive training in modern spectrum analysis with a focus on advanced RF behaviour analysis, data collection methods, interpreting spectrum plots and charts, and understanding advanced features of WLAN spectrum analysers. What will you learn Analyse WiFi frames using Wireshark. Explain 802.11 protocol operation. Troubleshoot WiFi networks using Wireshark. Troubleshoot WiFi networks using spectrum analysers. CWAP training course details Who will benefit: Technical Network Staff Anyone looking to become a CWAP Prerequisites: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Duration 4 days CWAP training course contents Principles of WLAN Communication 802.11 Working Group, OSI reference model and the 802.11 PHY and MAC, Communication sublayers and data units, WLAN architecture components, Organization of station forwarding Addressing and internetworking operation, Modern WLAN product architectures. Physical (PHY) and MAC Layer Formats and Technologies Physical layer functions, Preamble function and format, Header purpose and structure, Analysis of PHY problems, Physical PPDU formats, 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, MAC frame components, MAC encapsulation, Fields and subfields of the MAC header, Frame Control, Frame types and subtypes and their uses, Addressing, Frame body, Data frame format, Control frame format, Management frame format, Information elements and fields. Beaconing and synchronization Scanning, Client state machine, 802.11 contention, QoS, Admission control, Band steering and airtime fairness mechanisms Fragmentation, Acknowledgments and Block acknowledgments, Protection mechanisms and backward compatibility, Power management, Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC), Security components, methods, and exchanges, Roaming procedures exchanges, Future protocol enhancements. 802.11n Transmit beamforming, Spatial multiplexing, Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC), Space-Time Block Coding, 40 MHz channels, Frame aggregation, HT-OFDM format, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS), HT frame formatting and more. Protocol Analysis Tools and Methodology Troubleshooting methodology, Protocol analyser types, Analysis NIC/adapter selection and constraints, Interpreting results based on location, Analyzer settings and features, Filtering and channel scanning, Interpreting decodes, Using advanced analysis features, Assessing WLAN health and behaviour factors, Evaluating network statistics, Troubleshooting common problems, Wired analysis to support wireless network issues. Spectrum Analysis Tools and Methodology Radio frequency behaviour review, Visualizing RF domains using spectrum measurement tools, Spectrum analyser types and operation, Analyser specifications and characteristics, Understanding spectrum data presentation, Interpreting plots and charts, Common WLAN spectrum analyser features, Identifying transmit patterns, Device classification and network impact, Recognizing transmit signatures. Hands on lab exercises Wireshark Setup, Use, and In-Depth Analysis Wireshark is fundamental to troubleshooting. Labs include: - Capabilities, configuration, and data display - Opening, collecting, saving, and modifying capture files. - Filtering traffic, and using colouring rules as analysis aides. - Live captures based on a set of desired collection criteria. - Identify and isolate network problems. - Conversation analysis. - Remote packet capture with an AP. Understanding Frame Components Familiarity with the frame structure and contents is essential in real -world troubleshooting efforts. Labs include: - Understanding the MAC header - Comparing the three major frame types and their subtypes - Analysing frame formats of individual frame types - Analysing 802.11n frame components - Additional information is reported by protocol analysers - Information not visible in protocol analysers Frame Exchanges Understanding frame exchange rules and behaviors is critical to identifying expected and unexpected. It is also necessary to understand what is normal so that aberrations can be properly troubleshot. Labs include: - Connectivity exchanges and sequences - Legacy and modern security exchanges - ERP and HT protection mechanisms - Power save behaviour - Acknowledgments, block acknowledgments, and supporting action frames - Dynamic rate switching - Band steering Troubleshooting Common Problems This lab exposes students to hands-on troubleshooting skills by setting up common problems in WLANs and allowing students to attempt to solve them. - Trouleshooting connectivity exchanges - Troubleshooting 802.1X and EAP exchanges - Troubleshooting roaming Spectrum Analyzer Setup, Use, and In-Depth Analysis Specifically, it will explore the plots and charts used to display spectrum data and how to interpret this data to define a transmitter's impact on the network. The following are covered: - Installing the analyser and using display and navigation - The 'RF perspective' provided by each plot and chart - Using built-in features and automated device identification - Characterizing the behaviours of an interference source - Assessing the impact of an interference source - Determining the impact of transmitter proximity on interference. - Identifying signatures of common transmitters - Remote spectrum analysis with an AP