About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This course will provide a comprehensive, foundational content for a wide range of topics in power system operation and control. With the growing importance of grid integration of renewables and the interest in smart grid technologies, it is more important than ever to understand the fundamentals that underpin electrical power systems. This course provides a thorough understanding of all basic terminology and concepts of electrical systems, structure of a power system, transmission line parameters, insulators, high-voltage direct current transmission, substation and neutral grounding, distribution system, circuit breakers, relaying and protection, power system stability, economic operation of power systems, load frequency control, voltage and reactive power control, renewable energy sources, restructuring of electrical power systems, and smart grids. This course is a MUST for practitioners, consultants, engineers of all disciplines, managers, technicians and all technical personnel who need to learn about electrical power systems. Training Objectives Basic Terminology and Concepts of Electrical Systems: Gain an understanding of the basic terminology and concepts of electrical systems and the structure of a power system Transmission Line Parameters: Learn in detail all the transmission line parameters including line resistance, line inductance, transposition of transmission lines, and capacitance of transmission lines Insulators: Understand thoroughly all the various types of insulators, pin type insulators, suspension type or disc insulators, strain insulators, and testing of insulators High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Determine the advantages and disadvantages of high voltage direct current transmission, and gain an understanding of all the features of high-voltage direct current transmission Substations and Neutral Grounding: Gain a detailed understanding of all substation equipment, factors governing the layout of substations, station transformers, elements to be earthed in a substation, power system earthing, earthing transformers, bus bar arrangements and gas-insulated substations Distribution System: Learn about the effects of voltage on the conductor volume, distributor fed from one end, distributors fed from both ends at the same voltage, distributors fed from both ends at different voltages, and alternating current distribution Circuit Breakers: Learn about the classification of circuit breakers, plain-break oil circuit breakers, air break circuit breaker, air blast circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breakers, rating and testing of circuit breakers Relaying and Protection: Learn all the requirements of relaying, zones of protection, primary and backup protection, classification of relays, electromagnetic relays, induction relays, feeder protection, phase fault protection, reactance relay, static overcurrent relay, differential protection, transformer protection, Buchholz relays, alternator protection restricted earth fault protection, rotor earth fault protection, and negative-sequence protection Economic Operation of Power Systems: Gain an understanding of steam power plants, heat rate characteristics and characteristics of hydro plants Load Frequency Control: Learn about speed governing mechanism, speed governor, steady state speed regulations and adjustment of governor characteristics Voltage and Reactive Power Control: Gain an understanding of impedance and reactive power, system voltage and reactive power, voltage regulation and power transfer Renewable Energy Sources: Learn about solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and tidal power Restructuring of Electrical Power Systems: Gain an understanding of smart grids, smart grid components, smart grid benefits, and open smart grid protocol Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 5 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 x 10 minutes break per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Additionally, some self-study will be requested. Participants are invited but not obliged to bring a short presentation (10 mins max) on a practical problem they encountered in their work. This will then be explained and discussed during the VILT. A short test or quiz will be held at the end the course. The instructor relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all the delegates gain a complete understanding of all the topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: 'ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK' published by McGraw-Hill in 2003 (600 pages) Introduction to Power Systems Manual (500 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations
Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for For those seeing to prepare for CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure certification Overview This course will help prepare for CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure certification The new CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure certification program prepares you for today?s expert-level job roles in enterprise infrastructure technologies. CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure now includes automation and programmability to help you scale your enterprise infrastructure. VTP VTP and different versions Pruning EtherChannel LACP Layer 2 and Layer 3 Spanning Protocol 1d, 802.1w, and 802.1s SPAN, RSPAN, and ERSPAN DMVPN All Phases Redundancy: Two Clouds One Hub Two Hubs one Cloud Two hubs two Clouds Running Routing Protocols DMVPN over MPLS EIGRP RD, CD, S, FC, FS, and FD Configuration, and hidden debugging Authentications: MD5, and SHA, Summarization Load Balancing:Equal Cost, Unequal Cost, Add-Path, Filtering, Default Route Injection Optimization: Query Propagation Boundary, IP FRR, STUB routing (All Options) Metric: Classic, Wide Metric Route Tags: Decimal and Dotted-Decimal Notations, OTP OSPFv2 Overview and special cases GRE or Virtual-Links LSAs, FA, and RFCs (1583, 1587, 2328, 3101, 5185 and many more) Best Path Selection Network Types Area Types Optimization: GTSM, LFA, Default Route Injection Authentication: RFC 2328, RFC 5709, Summarization, Filtering BGP States Establishing a Peer Session: Regular method,Peer-Groups,Templates,Best Path Selection Attributes: Weight, AS-Path, Origin, Next-Hop, Local-Preference, Atomic-Aggregate Communities, Aggregator, and MED Load Balancing: Equal Cost,Unequal Cost,Conditional Advertisement,Out/In Bound Route Filtering and the order,ORF,Multihoming Scenarios AS-Path Manipulation: Regexp,Local-as,Allow-as,Remove-Private-as Convergence and Scalability: Route Reflectors,Confederation,Aggregation (All Options) Other BGP Features: MultiPath,Add-Path,Route-Refresh,Soft Reconfiguration IPv6 Acquiring an IPv6 Address: IPv6 General Prefix SLAAC DHCPv6 Rapid-Commit Relay Prefix Delegation IPv6 and DMVPN EIGRPv6 OSPFv3: Both flavors, LSAs, RFCs BGP for IPv6: IPv6 transport, and IPv4 route exchange Transitional Solutions: NAT-PT,6VPE,Multicast,MLD,Static RP,BSR,Embedded RP,IPv6 Traffic Filters,RA Guard,ND Inspection MPLS LDP, VRFs, RD, and RT L3VPNs Route Leaking PE to CE Routing Security Control Plane Policing VACLs Storm Control DHCP Snooping IP Source Guard DAI Private VLANs Port Security Access-lists uRPF Device Tracking IPsec Identity Use Case For FlexVPN: Site-to-Site, IKEv1, and IKEv2 Using Preshared Keys 1x Port Base Authentication : Device Roles,Port States,Authentication Process,Host Modes Network Services FHRP: HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP NAT: Static NAT, and PAT,Dynamic NAT,Policy-Base NAT,VRF-Aware NAT,VASI NAT Software Defined Infrastructure Cisco SD Access: Design a Cisco SD Access solution Underlay network (IS-IS, manual/PnP) Overlay fabric design (LISP, VXLAN, Cisco TrustSec) Fabric domains (single-site and multi-site using SD-WAN transit) Cisco SD Access deployment: Cisco DNA Center device discovery and device management Add fabric node devices to an existing fabric Host onboarding (wired endpoints only) Fabric border handoff Segmentation Macro-level segmentation using VNs Micro-level segmentation using SGTs (using Cisco ISE) Assurance Network and client health (360) Monitoring and troubleshooting Cisco SD-WAN: Design a Cisco SD-WAN solution Orchestration plane (vBond, NAT) Management Plane (vManage) Control Plane (vSmart, OMP) Data Plane (vEdge/cEdge) WAN edge deployment Onboarding new edge routers Orchestration with zero-touch provisioning/PnP OMP TLOC Configuration templates Localized policies (only QoS) Centralized policies Application aware Routing Topologies
This course not only comprises core theoretical concepts but also several interesting hands-on demonstrations that will help you build practical experience on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform; you will gain confidence in architecting, designing, and implementing solutions on AWS.
This comprehensive course on AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C01) empowers you to fast-track your IT career. Gain in-depth knowledge of cloud computing, AWS services, and architectural concepts. With hands-on labs, quizzes, and real practice exams, you will confidently build cost-effective, fault-tolerant IT solutions on the AWS Cloud.
This course is a complete course on Microsoft Azure storage service. The course is intended to help people learn Azure concepts quickly and give enough practice exercises to get them started with their cloud journey with a specific focus on Microsoft Azure.
Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for Ideal candidates are IT Professionals who deploy small-to-medium scale enterprise network solutions based on Aruba products and technologies. Overview Network Fundamentals Review Aruba Switching portfolio ArubaOS-CX Network Operating System VLANs Spanning Tree Protocol VRRP Link Aggregation IP Routing Subnetting OSPFv2 - Single Area Stacking using VSF Secure Management and Maintenance Aruba NetEdit Teaches you the fundamental skills necessary to configure and manage modern, open standards-based networking solutions using Aruba's OS-CX routing & switching technologies. This course consists of approximately 60% lecture and 40% hands-on lab exercises Network Fundamentals What is a network? What is a Protocol? OSI Reference Model Encapsulation, frames, packets, segments Layer 2 to Layer 7 headers Media, cabling, Ethernet/wifi headers Binary/Hex/Decimal theory and conversion TCP/IP Stack (IP addressing & Transport Protocols TCP/UDP) Types of traffic: Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast TCP/IP Stack Overview Ethernet frames IPv4 Header TCP Header ? Three-way Handshake TCP Header ? Sequence Numbers TCP Header ? Port Numbers TCP Header UPD Header Basic Networking with Aruba Solutions Networking devices: Switches, Routers, Multilayer Switches, APs, Mobility Controllers, Firewalls, Servers (HTTP, DHCP, DNS, Telnet, FTP) 2-Tier vs 3-Tier hierarchy Switching Portfolio (AOS switches & AOS-CX switches) is this introducing both portfolio on a couple of slide and few slides on AOS-CX hardware architecture, software architecture and intro to NAE high level. Introduction to AOS-CX and feature set Port numbering Accessing Aruba OS-CX CLI Prompt modes/levels and navigation Context sensitive help Show logs, configuration, interfaces, transceivers, flash, version Hostname/interface name, enabling interfaces Link Layer Discovery Protocol ICMP and reachability testing tools: Ping and Traceroute PoE (standards one slide and what we support and one or two slide on configuration VLANs Broadcast/collision domains VLAN benefits VLAN creation DHCP server configuration in switches (optional) 802.1Q tagging Switchports vs. Routed ports MAC address table ARP table Packet Delivery part 1 Spanning Tree Protocol Redundant network L2 loops 802.1D Common Spanning Tree 802.1s 802.1w overview 802.1w load balancing 802.1w region configuration Link Aggregation Static Aggregation LACP Load Balancing IP Routing - Part 1 Default Gateway DHCP IP Helper Address IP Routing Service Inter-VLAN routing Packet Delivery Part 2 Need for layer 3 redundancy Introduction to VRF VRRP VRRP overview VRRP basic operation VRRP failover and preempt VRRP and MSTP coordination IP Routing - Part 2 Subnetting CIDR Static routes Administrative Distance Floating routes Scalability issues IP Routing - Part 3 IGP vs EGP Distance Vector vs Link State OSPF Router-ID and Hello Messages Passive interfaces States DR and BDR LSDB: LSA 1 and 2 Path selection and convergence Using cost to manipulate routes Stacking Control Plane, Management Plane, and Data Plane Introduction to Stacking technologies Stacking Benefits Centralized control and management plane Distributed Data Plane and Distributed Link Aggregation VSF VSF requirements VSF Link and member roles VSF member IDs and port numbers VSF Configuration VSF Provisioning use cases Tracing Layer 2 traffic: Unicast Tracing Layer 2 traffic: Broadcast, Multicast, and Unknown Unicast VSF Failover and OSFP Graceful-Restart VSF Link failure without MAD MAD VSX Introduction Secure Management and Maintenance OOBM port Management VRF Secure Management Protocols: AAA, SSH, HTTPS, RBAC Radius-based management auth (VSA) SNMP Web interface Configuration file management (Backup, restore, checkpoint and roll back) Operating System image management (backup and restore) Factory default/password recovery AOS-CX Management tools Intro to NetEdit NetEdit installation Basic monitoring with NetEdit AOS-CX Mobile App
We'll build a cool Stock Market Portfolio app that lets you search stock ticker symbols by connecting to a third-party API to collect stock market information about your stocks!
Computer Networking Online Virtual Classroom course is designed to enable participants to install, configure and test a fundamental computer network. The opportunities for employment within the area of network support are enormous as businesses continue to grow and utilise the new technology available to them. This is a vital role to ensure the smooth running of businesses reliant on their network and IT systems. This course provides learners with both the practical and theoretical knowledge of networks. During the course, participants will learn about the different components used to create a network including hardware, software and topologie
Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for Operators of Juniper Networks security solutions, including network engineers, administrators, support personnel, and resellers. Overview Identify high-level security challenges in today's networks. Identify products that are incorporated into the Juniper Connected Security solution. Explain the value of implementing security solutions. Explain how Juniper Connected Security solves the cyber security challenges of the future. Explain the SRX Series devices and the added capabilities that next-generation firewalls provide. Explain traffic flows through the SRX Series devices. List the different security objects and how to create them. Describe interface types and perform basic interface configuration tasks. Describe the initial configuration for an SRX Series device. Explain security zones. Describe screens and their use. Explain address objects. Describe services and their use. Describe the purpose for security policies on an SRX Series device. Describe zone-based policies. Describe global policies and their use. Explain unified security policies. Configure unified security policies with the J-Web user interface. Describe IDP signatures. Configure an IDP policy using predefined templates with the J-Web user interface. Describe the use and configuration of the integrated user firewall feature. Describe the UTM security services List the available UTM services on the SRX Series device. Configure UTM filtering on a security policy with the J-Web user interface. Explain Sky ATP's use in security. Describe how Sky ATP and SRX Series devices operate together in blocking threats. Describe NAT and why it is used. Explain source NAT and when to use it. Explain destination NAT and when to use it. Explain static NAT and its uses. Describe the operation and configuration the different types of NAT. Identify various types of VPNs. Describe IPsec VPNs and their functionality. Describe how IPsec VPNs are established. Describe IPsec traffic processing. Configure IPsec VPNs with the J-Web user interface. Describe and configure proxy IDs and traffic selectors with the J-Web user interface. Monitor IPsec VPNs with the J-Web user interface. Describe the J-Web monitoring features. Explain the J-Web reporting features. Describe the Sky Enterprise service and how it can save resources. Explain the functionality of Junos Space Security Director. This course is designed to provide students with the foundational knowledge required to work with SRX Series devices. This course will use the J-Web user interface to introduce students to the Junos operating system. Module 1: COURSE INTRODUCTION COURSE INTRODUCTION Module 2: Juniper Security Concept Security Challenges Security Design Overview Juniper Connected Security Module 3: Juniper Connected Security ? SRX Series Devices Connected Security Interfaces Initial Configuration LAB 1: Initial Configuration Module 4: Security Objects Security Zone Objects Security Screen Objects Security Address Objects Security Services Objects LAB 2: Creating Security Objects with J-Web Module 5: Security Policies Security Policy Overview Zone-Based Policies Global Security Policies Application Firewall with Unified Security Policies LAB 3: Creating Security Policies with J-Web Module 6: Security Services ? IDP and User Firewall IDP Security Services Integrated User Firewall LAB 4: Adding IDP and User Firewall Security Services to Security Policies Module 7: Security Services ? UTM Content Filtering Web Filtering Antivirus Antispam LAB 5: Adding UTM Security Services to Security Policies Module 8: Juniper Connected Security ? Sky AT Sky ATP Overview Blocking Threats Lab 6: Demonstrating Sky ATP Module 9: Network Address Translation NAT Overview Source NAT Destination NAT Static NAT Lab 7: Implementing Network Address Translation Module 10: IPsec VPN Concepts VPN Types Secure VPN Requirements IPsec Tunnel Establishment IPsec Traffic Processing Module 11: Site-to-Site VPNs IPsec Configuration IPsec Site-to-Site Tunne Lab 8: Implementing Site-to-Site IPsec VPNs Module 12: Monitoring and Reporting J-Web monitoring options J-Web Reporting options Lab 9: Using Monitoring and Reporting Appendix A: SRX Series Hardware Appendix D: Sky Enterprise Services Appendix B: Virtual SRX Appendix EJunos Space Security Director Appendix CCLI Prime
Register on the Advance System Security & Digital Forensics Practitioner today and build the experience, skills and knowledge you need to enhance your professional development and work towards your dream job. Study this course through online learning and take the first steps towards a long-term career. The course consists of a number of easy to digest, in-depth modules, designed to provide you with a detailed, expert level of knowledge. Learn through a mixture of instructional video lessons and online study materials. Receive online tutor support as you study the course, to ensure you are supported every step of the way. Get a digital certificate as a proof of your course completion. The Advance System Security & Digital Forensics Practitioner is incredibly great value and allows you to study at your own pace. Access the course modules from any internet-enabled device, including computers, tablet, and smartphones. The course is designed to increase your employability and equip you with everything you need to be a success. Enrol on the now and start learning instantly! What You Get With The Advance System Security & Digital Forensics Practitioner Receive a e-certificate upon successful completion of the course Get taught by experienced, professional instructors Study at a time and pace that suits your learning style Get instant feedback on assessments 24/7 help and advice via email or live chat Get full tutor support on weekdays (Monday to Friday) Course Design The course is delivered through our online learning platform, accessible through any internet-connected device. There are no formal deadlines or teaching schedules, meaning you are free to study the course at your own pace. You are taught through a combination of Video lessons Online study materials Certification After the successful completion of the final assessment, you will receive a CPD-accredited certificate of achievement. The PDF certificate is for £9.99, and it will be sent to you immediately after through e-mail. You can get the hard copy for £15.99, which will reach your doorsteps by post. Who Is This Course For: The course is ideal for those who already work in this sector or are an aspiring professional. This course is designed to enhance your expertise and boost your CV. Learn key skills and gain a professional qualification to prove your newly-acquired knowledge. Requirements: The online training is open to all students and has no formal entry requirements. To study the Advance System Security & Digital Forensics Practitioner, all your need is a passion for learning, a good understanding of English, numeracy, and IT skills. You must also be over the age of 16. Course Content Introduction Introduction to the course 00:07:00 Prerequisites for the course Prerequisites for the course 00:04:00 Experiment No 1 : Static Code Analysis Using Open Source tool FLAWFINDER Static Code Analysis Using Open Source tool FLAWFINDER 00:08:00 Experiment No 2: Vulnerability Scanning using Nikto Vulnerability Scanning using Nikto 00:10:00 Experiment No 3: To Explore a Website Copier HTTrack To explore a website copier HTTrack 00:07:00 Experiment No 4: Explore Web Application Vulnerabilities Using Wapiti Wapiti Part1 00:06:00 Wapiti Part 2 00:06:00 Experiment No 5: Perform SQL Injection SQLMap Part 1 00:12:00 SQLMap Part 2 00:14:00 SQLiLABS 00:07:00 Experiment No 6: Penetration Testing Metasploit Part 1 00:15:00 Metasploit Part 2 00:06:00 Introduction to Packet Sniffing 00:05:00 Packet Sniffing Using Wireshark 00:07:00 Introduction to ARP Spoofing 00:09:00 ARP Spoofing/Poisoning using Ettercap 00:08:00 Experiment No 7: Network Security Part 1: Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 00:15:00 Part 2: Access Control Lists (ACL) 00:12:00 Part 3: Virtual LAN (VLAN) 00:14:00 Experiment No 8: Email Security Securing Messages using GNUPG 00:17:00 Experiment No 9: Setting up AAA Server using TACACS+ Authentication, Authorization and Access Control using TACACS+ 00:17:00 Digital Forensics Forensic Duplication and Recovery 00:22:00 Forensic Image Analysis using Autopsy 00:15:00 Frequently Asked Questions Are there any prerequisites for taking the course? There are no specific prerequisites for this course, nor are there any formal entry requirements. All you need is an internet connection, a good understanding of English and a passion for learning for this course. Can I access the course at any time, or is there a set schedule? You have the flexibility to access the course at any time that suits your schedule. Our courses are self-paced, allowing you to study at your own pace and convenience. How long will I have access to the course? For this course, you will have access to the course materials for 1 year only. This means you can review the content as often as you like within the year, even after you've completed the course. However, if you buy Lifetime Access for the course, you will be able to access the course for a lifetime. Is there a certificate of completion provided after completing the course? Yes, upon successfully completing the course, you will receive a certificate of completion. This certificate can be a valuable addition to your professional portfolio and can be shared on your various social networks. Can I switch courses or get a refund if I'm not satisfied with the course? We want you to have a positive learning experience. If you're not satisfied with the course, you can request a course transfer or refund within 14 days of the initial purchase. How do I track my progress in the course? Our platform provides tracking tools and progress indicators for each course. You can monitor your progress, completed lessons, and assessments through your learner dashboard for the course. What if I have technical issues or difficulties with the course? If you encounter technical issues or content-related difficulties with the course, our support team is available to assist you. You can reach out to them for prompt resolution.