4059 Sales courses delivered On Demand

One of the effective ways to succeed in the business sector is to create products that people will buy. Learn the effective skills needed for product creation through this course. Description: Marketing through internet platform has been widely used and offering product available online can help you increase your sales. As one of your objectives is to become profitable, you need to learn how to create products that will surely sell. Learn how to create products efficiently and target a wide range of customers to increase profit. You will learn all the essential product creation skills that will help your business or the business you are in to succeed. We all know that a successful product starts with an idea of either the owner or their product creator. To be able to have an idea what products to sell, you need to consider various factors. Creating products does not stop in thinking what products to sell, you have to keep on brainstorming to be able to come up with a product that will convince the marketplace that your products/services can benefit them and this course is designed for teaching you what you need to know in product creation. In product creation, you will be considering that what you are offering the market is with value to entice them and continue in patronizing your products. In marketing your products, you have to know what will attract them in buying. You also need to consider your pricing strategies especially when your target market is price-sensitive. You will also learn all these things in this course. Who is the course for? Businessmen and product creators who want to learn what products to create and market. People who have an interest in the product creation and online business Entry Requirement: This course is available to all learners, of all academic backgrounds. However, a sound educational background or previous product creation experience will be an advantage. Learners should be ages 16 or over to undertake the qualification. Good understanding of English language, numeracy and ICT are required to attend this course. Assessment:  At the end of the course, you will be required to sit an online multiple-choice test. Your test will be assessed automatically and immediately so that you will instantly know whether you have been successful. Before sitting for your final exam you will have the opportunity to test your proficiency with a mock exam. Certification: After you have successfully passed the test, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. You can however also obtain a Course Completion Certificate following the course completion without sitting for the test. Certificates can be obtained either in hard copy at a cost of £39 or in PDF format at a cost of £24. PDF certificate's turnaround time is 24 hours and for the hardcopy certificate, it is 3-9 working days. Why choose us? Affordable, engaging & high-quality e-learning study materials; Tutorial videos/materials from the industry leading experts; Study in a user-friendly, advanced online learning platform; Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result; The UK & internationally recognized accredited qualification; Access to course content on mobile, tablet or desktop from anywhere anytime; The benefit of career advancement opportunities; 24/7 student support via email. Career Path: The Product Creation Course is a useful qualification to possess, and would be beneficial for the following careers: Businessmen Digital Products Specialist Entrepreneur Product Creator Marketing Specialist Sales Advisor. Product Creation Course It All Starts with an Idea 02:00:00 Whether or not you are capable of creating the products yourself is unimportant. 00:30:00 Should You be the Manufacturer, as well as the Creator? 01:00:00 Three 'Musts' for Successful Product Creation 00:30:00 Gathering Testimonials and Refining Your Product in One Fell Swoop 00:15:00 Product Creation Pitfalls to Avoid 01:00:00 Price Testing: A Critical Element of Marketing Success 00:15:00 Deciding Upon Delivery Methods for Your Product 00:15:00 Applying the Final Touches to Your Product 00:15:00 Guaranteeing Your New Product 00:15:00 Terms of Use: A Critical Protection for Your New Product 00:15:00 Increasing the Value of Your Product 00:30:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

Dive into the dynamic fields of marketing, advertising, and public relations with a course designed to equip you with essential knowledge and strategic insight. This programme explores the foundational principles of marketing, from understanding market segmentation and consumer behaviour to mastering pricing and branding strategies. Alongside these core topics, you’ll gain a thorough understanding of integrated marketing communications and the evolving digital landscape, ensuring you grasp how modern marketing channels operate effectively. The public relations segment offers a deep dive into managing relationships between organisations and their audiences. It covers key PR concepts, organisational management, and ethical standards while highlighting crisis management and social media’s role in shaping public perception. Whether you aim to enhance your career or broaden your understanding of communication strategies, this course provides clear, relevant knowledge tailored for today’s marketing and PR environments — all delivered online for your convenience. Key Features: CPD Certified Instant e-certificate and hard copy dispatch by next working day Fully online, interactive course with audio voiceover Developed by qualified professionals in the field Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases This course covers essential topics including understanding consumer behavior, developing effective product and branding strategies, conducting market research, and utilizing various marketing channels such as advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and digital marketing to create successful marketing campaigns and reach target audiences effectively. This PR : Public Relation course covers foundational aspects of Public Relations, including its principles, tactics, and management. It explores essential topics such as organizational strategies, research methods, crisis management, and ethical considerations. Emphasizing social media's role, it equips students with vital skills for navigating diverse PR fields ethically and professionally. Course Curriculum: Course 01: Marketing Module 01: Basics of Marketing Module 02: The Marketing Process Module 03: Strategic Marketing Module 04: Marketing Environment Module 05: Market Segmentations Module 06: Consumer Buying Behaviour Module 07: Business Markets and Buying Behaviour Module 08: Marketing Research Module 09: Product Strategy Module 10: Branding Strategy Module 11: Product Life Cycle Module 12: Pricing Strategy Module 13: Marketing Channels Module 14: Integrated Marketing Communications Module 15: Advertising and Sales Promotion Module 16: Personal Selling and Public Relations Module 17: Direct and Digital Marketing Course 02: PR : Public Relation Module 01: Introduction to Public Relations Module 02: Concepts of Public Relations Module 03: Management and Organisation of Public Relations Module 04: Public Relations Tactics and Research Module 05: Major Fields of Public Relations Practice Part I Module 06: Major Fields of Public Relations Practice Part II Module 07: Social Media and PR Module 08: Crisis management Module 09: Ethics & Professionalism in Public Relations Learning Outcomes: Understand core marketing principles and strategic frameworks. Analyze consumer behaviour for effective marketing strategies. Develop comprehensive product and branding strategies. Implement integrated marketing communications across various channels. Execute tactical public relations initiatives with ethical considerations. Manage crises and maintain brand reputation effectively. Accreditation All of our courses, including the Marketing, Advertising & PR Course are fully accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certification Once you've successfully completed your Marketing, Advertising & PR Course, you will immediately be sent your digital certificates. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we recommend renewing them every 12 months. Assessment At the end of the Marketing, Advertising & PR Course, there will be an online assessment, which you will need to pass to complete the course. Answers are marked instantly and automatically, allowing you to know straight away whether you have passed. If you haven't, there's no limit on the number of times you can take the final exam. All this is included in the one-time fee you paid for the course itself. CPD 25 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Aspiring marketing professionals seeking comprehensive knowledge. Individuals aiming to excel in advertising and sales promotion roles. PR enthusiasts looking to master strategic communication. Entrepreneurs desiring to build strong brand identities. Career changers exploring opportunities in dynamic industries. Requirements Learners do not require any prior qualifications to enrol on this Advertising & PR Course. You just need to have an interest in Advertising & PR Course. Career path Marketing Manager - £40K to £60K/year. Advertising Account Executive - £20K to £30K/year. PR Specialist - £25K to £45K/year. Brand Manager - £35K to £50K/year. Digital Marketing Strategist - £30K to £45K/year. Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Is traditional marketing still effective? Or are we shifting to marketing by using the latest technology? One of the effective and used marketing today is Twitter. You will learn the skills needed for this type of social media marketing. Description: The significance of web-based social media networking promoting for groups, companies, and associations is at no longer questioned since it has turned into an overall pattern in which helps organisations and associations interface with their clients on the web. Web-based social media networking showcasing course points incorporate the utilisation of email advertising, member promoting, utilising online networking devices, like how you can Twitter in promoting your business and communicate current and potential clients through the platform. This course will surely give significance to people who wish to take in more about social networking sites showcasing and advertising their works while getting web-based social networking attention. Who is the course for? Employees of the business industry and other businessmen who want to learn how to become profitable through Twitter Social Marketing People who have an interest in Social Marketing and how to effectively communicate and promote through Twitter Entry Requirement: This course is available to all learners, of all academic backgrounds. Learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. Good understanding of English language, numeracy and ICT are required to attend this course. Assessment: At the end of the course, you will be required to sit an online multiple-choice test. Your test will be assessed automatically and immediately so that you will instantly know whether you have been successful. Before sitting for your final exam you will have the opportunity to test your proficiency with a mock exam. Certification: After you have successfully passed the test, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. You can however also obtain a Course Completion Certificate following the course completion without sitting for the test. Certificates can be obtained either in hard copy at a cost of £39 or in PDF format at a cost of £24. PDF certificate's turnaround time is 24 hours and for the hardcopy certificate, it is 3-9 working days. Why choose us? Affordable, engaging & high-quality e-learning study materials; Tutorial videos/materials from the industry leading experts; Study in a user-friendly, advanced online learning platform; Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result; The UK & internationally recognised accredited qualification; Access to course content on mobile, tablet or desktop from anywhere anytime; The benefit of career advancement opportunities; 24/7 student support via email. Career Path: This course will be very beneficial and helpful, especially to the following careers: Marketing and Promotions Specialists Marketing Managers Online Content Creator Product Creators Sales Managers Sales and Promotions Specialists Social Media Specialist Top Executives And Many More! Twitter Marketing TWITTER FOR BUSINESS 00:15:00 TOP TWITTER TIPS 00:15:00 TWITTER IS 00:15:00 BUSINESS TERMS 00:15:00 WHY USE TWITTER FOR MARKETING 00:15:00 TWITTER MARKETING BASICS 01:00:00 TWITTER METRICS 00:30:00 YOUR BIO 00:15:00 WHEN TO TWEET 00:15:00 BUILDING YOUR COMMUNITY 00:15:00 GENERATING LEADS 00:15:00 REAL-TIME TWITTER MARKETING 00:15:00 ENGAGEMENT 00:15:00 TWETIQUETTE (TWEETING ETIQUETTE) 00:15:00 Twitter Profits Introduction To Twitter Profits 00:30:00 Tweak Your Account For Maximum Results 01:00:00 Building A Loyal Following On Twitter 01:00:00 Automating Your Marketing 01:00:00 Stay Active And Engage To Your Audience 00:30:00 Expanding Your Outreach 00:30:00 Twitter & SEO 00:30:00 Twitter Marketing Tips 01:00:00 Twitter Traffic 01:00:00 Twitter Tools & Add-Ons 00:15:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam-Social Media Marketing: Twitter 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam-Social Media Marketing: Twitter 00:20:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

Taking this Social Media Marketing Strategies for Business Owners course will allow you to gain key skills to grow businesses online. This course is ideal for anyone interested in enhancing their marketing skills. You will learn how to grow followers, customers and more. Social Media Marketing is key for those wanting to improve online interaction, customer relationships and online sales. This course is ideal for those wanting to see a real difference in their digital marketing strategy. You will learn applicable, actionable techniques to apply to your Facebook, Twitter and Instagram account. You can try out these techniques to build successful social media strategies. Social Media Marketing Strategies for Business Owners is a best selling course developed by industry experts and already helped tons of students like you. It is suitable for anyone who wants to improve their knowledge and skills in the or relevant sector.  This course is accredited by CPD so you will get a career boost upon completing this course. Our Social Media Marketing Strategies for Business Owners is packed with 79 modules and 6 hours, 35 minutes of study. You will be awarded with a certificate of completion, the proof of your expertise in this field. If you want to get a job or looking for professional skills to excel in this field, a certificate from this course will help you appear as a strong candidate. You can also validate your certification from our website. It doesn't matter if you are willing to study full-time or part-time. This course is designed for any type of student and you can even complete it at your own pace. The materials are accessible from anyplace, any device and anytime.  Besides that, our experienced tutors will help you throughout the comprehensive syllabus of this course and answer all your queries through email.

Do you want to work in salon management? Have you ever wanted to own your own beauty salon? There has never been a better time to explore this dynamic sector as demand for quality Salon Management services grows globally! Beauty therapists devote their lives to improving the appearances and quality of life of their clients. Men and women of all ages are increasingly seeking the services of talented beauty therapists as affordability and accessibility continue to grow. Whether you want to work in an established beauty salon or start your own major beauty brand, this Salon Management Course could change your career prospects for life! This Salon Management Course is designed to provide learners a thorough understanding of salon management. The course begins with the fundamentals of salon management and progresses to the various workplace measures that must be implemented. The course also includes Marketing, Advertising and Promotion. Learning Outcomes After completing this course, learner will be able to: Gain a solid understanding of salon management Understand the basic steps of salon management Understand the principles of health and safety in the salon Know how to maintain health and safety requirements within the salon Know how to attract salon clients Gain in-depth knowledge about marketing, advertising and promotion Understand body language Understand formula for success Know how to promote the business further Know how to built relationships for success in sales Why Choose this Course from Us Self-paced course, access available from anywhere. Easy to understand, high-quality study materials. Salon Management Online Course developed by industry experts. MCQ quiz after each module to assess your learning. Automated and instant assessment results. 24/7 support via live chat, phone call or email. Free PDF certificate as soon as completing this course. ***Others Benefits of Salon Management Online Course Free One PDF Certificate Access to Content - Lifetime Exam Fee - Totally Free Unlimited Retake Exam [ Note: Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the course] Detailed course curriculum of- *** Salon Management Online *** Module 01: An Overview of Salon Management Module 02: Fundamental Steps of Salon Management Module 03: The Principles of Health and Safety in the Salon Module 04: Maintaining Health and Safety Requirements Within the Salon Module 05: Attracting Salon Clients Module 06: Marketing, Advertising and Promotion Module 07: Understanding Body Language Module 08: Formula for Success Module 09: Promoting the Business Further Module 10: Building Relationships for Success in Sales Assessment Method After completing each module of the Salon Management Course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Certification After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. The certificate is in PDF format, which is completely free to download. A printed version is also available upon request. It will also be sent to you through a courier for £13.99. Who is this course for? The Course is designed for students who are interested in beauty therapy and salon management. Professional men and women working in beauty salons can benefit from this course by increasing their knowledge and skills. Individuals trying to enter the beauty therapy industry can also benefit from this course. Requirements There are no specific requirements for Salon Management Online because it does not require any advanced knowledge or skills. Career path After completing the Course, learners can advance to the next level of salon management courses. This Salon Management Course also allows learners to start their own beauty therapy and salon management businesses. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included

Negotiation Skills Diploma Online 'Are you looking to start a career in negotiation or enhance your existing negotiation skills? Then this Negotiation Skills Diplomawill provide you with a solid foundation to become a confident negotiator and help you develop your skills. Negotiation Skills Diploma can be useful throughout one's life. It is about influencing outcomes in a way that maximizes your benefit or value. In sales, negotiation works toward closing the deal in a mutually satisfactory manner. Those who master the art of negotiation can convince the opposite party that they have got the best deal possible. When, in reality, it is the seller or the business that has come out on top. This exclusive Negotiation Skills Diploma course is designed to assist candidates in taking the most important step in their lifelong career journey. Taking on a leadership role for the first time can be both exciting and intimidating. Taking charge of a team or business of any size essentially takes on much more responsibility and accountability. This Negotiation Skills DiplomaCourse will help candidates deal with the different challenges of entry-level leadership roles in an organization. Candidates who complete the course will have the skills, knowledge, and confidence to take on a leadership role for the first time. Courses are included in this Negotiation Skills Diploma Bundle Course: Course 01: Negotiation Course 02: Creating a Business Start-Up Course 03: Level 2 Certificate in Business Management Course 04: Level 2 Diploma in Business Administration [ Note: Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the Negotiation Skills Diploma course] Negotiation Skills Diploma Industry Experts Designed this Negotiation Skills Diploma Course into 12 detailed modules. Detailed course curriculum of this Negotiation Skills Diploma Course: Module 01: An Overview of Negotiation Module 02: How to Prepare For Negotiations Module 03: The Process of Negotiation Module 04: Ways of Developing Persuasion & Influencing Skills Module 05: Ways of Developing Communication Skills Module 06: How to Develop Active Listening Skills Module 07: Comprehending Body Language Module 08: Assertiveness and Self Confidence Module 09: Managing Anger Module 10: Managing Stress Module 11: Negotiation Tactics to Closing a Better Deal Module 12: Ways of Overcoming Sales Objections Assessment Method of Negotiation Skills Diploma After completing each module of the Negotiation Skills Diploma Course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Certification of Negotiation Skills Diploma After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Negotiation Skills Diploma course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. The certificate is in PDF format, which is completely free to download. A printed version is also available upon request. It will also be sent to you through a courier for £13.99. Who is this course for? Negotiation Skills Diploma This Negotiation Skills Diploma course is suitable for candidates committed to their ongoing professional development. This Course could prove instrumental in taking that important step into a leadership position for the first time. Existing managers and business owners could also find the teachings of this course invaluable. Requirements Negotiation Skills Diploma Students who intend to enrol in this Negotiation Skills Diploma Course must meet the following requirements: Negotiation Skills: Good command of the English language Negotiation Skills: Must be vivacious and self-driven. Negotiation Skills: Basic computer knowledge Negotiation Skills: A minimum of 16 years of age is required. Career path Negotiation Skills Diploma This Negotiation Skills qualification could hold the key to the leadership career of your dreams. Typical job titles in management and leadership include: Team Leader Manager Controller Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included

Do you want to work in salon management? Have you ever wanted to own your own beauty salon? There has never been a better time to explore this dynamic sector as demand for quality Salon Management services grows globally! Beauty therapists devote their lives to improving the appearances and quality of life of their clients. Men and women of all ages are increasingly seeking the services of talented beauty therapists as affordability and accessibility continue to grow. Whether you want to work in an established beauty salon or start your own major beauty brand, this Salon Management Course could change your career prospects for life! This Salon Management Course is designed to provide learners a thorough understanding of salon management. The course begins with the fundamentals of salon management and progresses to the various workplace measures that must be implemented. The course also includes Marketing, Advertising and Promotion. Learning Outcomes After completing this course, learner will be able to: Gain a solid understanding of salon management Understand the basic steps of salon management Understand the principles of health and safety in the salon Know how to maintain health and safety requirements within the salon Know how to attract salon clients Gain in-depth knowledge about marketing, advertising and promotion Understand body language Understand formula for success Know how to promote the business further Know how to built relationships for success in sales Why Choose Salon Management Course from Us Self-paced course, access available from anywhere. Easy to understand, high-quality study materials. Course developed by industry experts. MCQ quiz after each module to assess your learning. Automated and instant assessment results. 24/7 support via live chat, phone call or email. Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the course. ***Others Benefits of this course Free One PDF Certificate Access to Content - Lifetime Exam Fee - Totally Free Unlimited Retake Exam [ Note: Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the course] Detailed course curriculum of- ***Salon Management: Salon Management*** Module 01: An Overview of Salon Management Module 02: Fundamental Steps of Salon Management Module 03: The Principles of Health and Safety in the Salon Module 04: Maintaining Health and Safety Requirements Within the Salon Module 05: Attracting Salon Clients Module 06: Marketing, Advertising and Promotion Module 07: Understanding Body Language Module 08: Formula for Success Module 09: Promoting the Business Further Module 10: Building Relationships for Success in Sales Assessment Method After completing each module of the Salon Management Course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Certification After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. The certificate is in PDF format, which is completely free to download. A printed version is also available upon request. It will also be sent to you through a courier for £13.99. Who is this course for? The Course is designed for students who are interested in beauty therapy and salon management. Professional men and women working in beauty salons can benefit from this course by increasing their knowledge and skills. Individuals trying to enter the beauty therapy industry can also benefit from this course. Requirements There are no specific requirements for Salon Management because it does not require any advanced knowledge or skills. Career path After completing the Course, learners can advance to the next level of salon management courses. This Salon Management Course also allows learners to start their own beauty therapy and salon management businesses. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included

Gain the solid skills and knowledge to kickstart a successful career and learn from the experts with this

Boost your career in the financial industry. Make a big name with the Mastery of Quickbooks and Xero Software Accounting Course. Learn Sales Ledger and Xero Accounting.

Overview: As a Customer Service Representative, there are endless opportunities for you if you have the right knowledge and skills. Therefore, to make your career journey a successful one, we designed this Customer Service Representative bundle as a one-stop solution for you. To cover up all your limitations and uproot all the hurdles to a stable and dignified career, we are here with a package you can't refuse! This time Apex Learning will show you the pathway to a successful career through the most well-researched and expertly made Customer Service Representative bundle. Our Customer Service Representative package, with the latest digital study materials and innovative learning methods, will give you in-depth knowledge of this domain. You will dive deep into the Customer Service Representative core basics with our step-by-step lessons and proficient tutor guidance. You will be able to hone your knowledge from beginner to advanced level as there will be frequent tests, fun quizzes and practical analysis of the topics. Moreover, you will keep yourself up to date with the current situation in the area of your interest. This 20-in-1 Ultimate Customer Service Representative bundle consists of the following Courses: Course 01: Retail Management Course 02: Certificate in Purchasing and Procurement Course 03: Supply Chain Management Course 04: Merchandising Course 05: Visual Merchandising Diploma Course 06: Operations Management Course 07: Product Management Course 08: Digital Product Management Course 09: Facilities Management Diploma Course 10: Strategic Business Management - Online Diploma Course Course 11: Business Intelligence Analyst Course Course 12: Customer Relationship Management Course 13: Store Assistant Course 14: Fundamentals of Business Analysis Course 15: Strategic Planning and Analysis for Marketing Course 16: Commercial Management Course 17: Sales Skills Course 18: Financial Management Course 19: Purchase Ledger Course 20: Business Plan Learning Outcomes of Customer Service Representative Bundle: This career-oriented Customer Service Representative bundle will help you to Gain the ability to excel in the role of Customer Service Representative Know your responsibilities as a Customer Service Representative and convey your experience to others Gain excellent interpersonal and communication skills Know the pros and cons of working as a Customer Service Representative Adhere to the regulations around this area Gain time and risk management skills to ensure efficiency Manipulate technological advancement to become more effective Maintain moral standards and set an example for your peers Why Choose this Customer Service Representative Bundle? FREE Customer Service Representative CPD-accredited certificate Get a free student ID card with Customer Service Representative training (£10 applicable for international delivery) Lifetime access to the Customer Service Representative course materials The Customer Service Representative program comes with 24/7 tutor support Get instant access to this Customer Service Representative course Learn Customer Service Representative training from anywhere in the world The Customer Service Representative training is affordable and simple to understand The Customer Service Representative training is entirely online So, stop scrolling down and procure the skills and aptitude with Apex Learning to outshine all your peers by enrolling in this Customer Service Representative bundle. Who is this Customer Service Representative course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this Customer Service Representative bundle. Requirements This Customer Service Representative course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones. Career path Having this Customer Service Representative expertise will increase the value of your CV and open you up to multiple job sectors. Certificates Digital certificate - Included Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the Hard Copy certificate for the title course (Customer Service Representative) absolutely Free! Other Hard Copy certificates are available for £14.99 each. Please Note: The delivery charge inside the UK is £3.99, and the international students must pay a £9.99 shipping cost.