4465 Objective courses in Edinburgh delivered Online

SAFe® DevOps: In-House Training This course provides a comprehensive overview for understanding the DevOps skills needed to accelerate time-to-market by improving the flow of value through the Continuous Delivery Pipeline. You will map the current value stream through the delivery pipeline from idea to cash and identify practices that will eliminate bottlenecks to flow. The course will build an understanding of the complete flow of value from Continuous Exploration to Continuous Integration, Continuous Deployment, and Release on Demand. What you will Learn After attending the class, attendees should be able to: Explain how DevOps enables strategic business objectives Apply a CALMR approach to DevOps to avoid automating broken processes Understand how successful DevOps requires continuous exploration, continuous integration, continuous deployment, and the ability to release to end users on demand Incorporate continuous testing and continuous security into the delivery pipeline Use value-stream mapping to measure flow and identify bottlenecks in the end-to-end delivery process Select DevOps skills and tools strategically for the fastest, most compelling results Prioritize DevOps solutions and investments for the greatest economic benefit Design and implement a multi-phased DevOps transformation plan tailored to their organization Work with all roles and levels in the organization to continually optimize the value stream Introducing DevOps Mapping your Continuous Delivery Pipeline Gaining alignment with Continuous Exploration Building quality with Continuous Integration Reducing time-to-market with Continuous Deployment Delivering Business Value with Release on Demand Taking action

Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for Executives, directors, managers, and others tasked with making important decisions for their organizations will benefit from this course. Overview Make intelligent decisions with limited time and information Reframe issues to ensure greater problem-solving accuracy Convert conflicting opinions into useful insights In this course, students will learn to evaluate options, generate possible solutions, and decide on logical strategies. Private classes on this topic are available. We can address your organization?s issues, time constraints, and save you money, too. Contact us to find out how. Prerequisites While there are no prerequisites for this course, please ensure you have the right level of experience to be successful in this training. 1. The Complexity of Decision Making Establishing the Needs of the Organization Defining Organizational Objectives and Goals Measuring Your Goals Calculating Probabilities of Success 2. Dealing with Opinion in the Face of Uncertainty Understanding Theories of Decision-Making Avoiding Irrationality Being Aware of Risks Reframing the Options Asking the Right Questions Knowing What You Want Making Proper Comparisons Working with Stereotypes and Expectations 3. Adapting Decision Strategies for a Complex World Reviewing Your Plans Engaging Stakeholders Enlisting Your Network Managing Risks Planning for Risks - Avoidance, Mitigation, Transference, and Acceptance Applying Complexity Theory and the Butterfly Effect Adjusting Decisions Building in Metrics & Measurements Monitoring Progress and Managing Risks Looking for Emerging Trends Additional course details: Nexus Humans Making the Right Decisions Under Pressure training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the Making the Right Decisions Under Pressure course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for The primary audiences for this course are quality directors and quality assurance managers, managers responsible for the governance of an enterprise and management of its risks, technical experts, project managers and consultants, internal auditors, compliance officers and virtually anybody involved in ANSI/TIA-942 compliance certification related projects either from an end-user or vendor perspective. Participants must hold a valid CTDC certificate in order to be able to register for the CTIA class. Overview After completion of the course the participant will be able to: 1. Prepare the organisation for an audit according to ANSI/TIA-942 including preparation of the required documents, resource planning and management of the audit process itself 2. Conduct an internal audit according to ANSI/TIA-942 following ISO-19011 guidelines 3. Facilitate and support the external audit to ANSI/TIA-942 4. Manage the post-audit process with respect to CAR (Corrective Action Reports), gap closing and _nal certification 5. Facilitate surveillance and recertification audits This intensive course builds further on the technical understanding of the standard acquired in the CTDC© (Certified TIA-942 Design Consultant) course. Fundamental concepts and process of an internal audit Terms and de_nitions Difference between an internal and external auditor Audit principles Auditor competency requirements Managing an audit programme Establishing the audit objectives Establishing the audit programme Planning the audit Planning the schedule Resource planning Tools/equipment required Document requirements - Design documents - Process documents - Declarations Conducting the audit Conducting an opening meeting Conducting the audit Interviews Document review Facility review Typical non-conformities - Architectura - Electrica - Mechanical - Telecommunications Preparing the audit conclusions Conducting the closing meeting Preparing and distributing the audit report Audit report requirements Classification of non-conformities Typical format of an audit report Following up on the audit The CAR ? Corrective Action Report Evaluation of the Corrective Action Report Requesting a formal external auditIssuing a conformity certificate Requirements of the certificate Registration of the certificate Surveillance auditsRecertification auditsExam: Certified TIA-942 Internal Auditor) Actual course outline may vary depending on offering center. Contact your sales representative for more information. Additional course details: Nexus Humans Certified TIA-942 Internal Auditor (CTIA) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the Certified TIA-942 Internal Auditor (CTIA) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health online Do you desire to pursue the Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health as the first step toward a fruitful long-term career? To make it easier for you to achieve your objective, we created this customised Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health course. The Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health course covers the Children and Young People’s Mental Health in Context. Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health teaches you the affecting factors liable for Children and Young People’s Mental Health. Moreover, this Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health also explains how to give concentration and support to those who have Mental Health Concerns. Don't wait! Embark on your learning adventure today with our Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health. Special Offers of this Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health Course This Young People’s Mental Health Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this Young People’s Mental Health Course Instant access to this Young People’s Mental Health Course Get FREE Tutor Support to this Young People’s Mental Health Course Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health The Children and Young People's Mental Health Level 2 course is designed to give you a more in-depth understanding of mental health conditions that affect children and young people, mental health legislation and guidance, risk factors that can affect mental well-being, and the impact that mental health issues can have on young people and others. Who is this course for? Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health This Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health Course training is suitable for all. Requirements Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health To enrol in this Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health Course, students must fulfil the following requirements. To join in our Young People’s Mental Health Course, you must have a strong command of the English language. To successfully complete our Young People’s Mental Health Course, you must be vivacious and self driven. To complete our Young People’s Mental Health Course, you must have a basic understanding of computers. A minimum age limit of 15 is required to enrol in this Young People’s Mental Health Course. Career path Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health The Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Children and Young People’s Mental Health Course can help you improve your CV, potential employers, and differentiate yourself from the masses.

HR and Payroll Management Training Do you want to pursue a career in HR and payroll management or advance your knowledge in this field? If so, then you should enrol in this HR and Payroll Management Course. The numerous sections in this extensive HR and Payroll Management course will teach you the fundamentals of HR and Payroll Management. Our HR and Payroll Management course's primary objective is to give students a comprehensive understanding of HRM, including hiring, employee selection, motivation, and people management. The HR and Payroll Management course also covers Human Capital Management, Performance Management, and Talent Management. Through the HR and Payroll Management course, you will learn about various strategies, functions, and management processes. You will have knowledge of Paye, VAT, and NI systems by the time this HR and Payroll Management course is complete. Unlock our HR and Payroll Management course now for Gaining knowledge and skills for the HR and Payroll Management industry. Learning outcome You will learn about HRM strategies from HR and Payroll Management course You will know about Health, Safety and Welfare of Employees Basic Functions of the Payroll Department will be briefly mention in this HR and Payroll Management You will be an expert on managing Paye, TAX, NI Main Course: HR and Payroll Management Special Offers of this HR and Payroll Management Course This HR and Payroll Management Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this HR and Payroll Management Course Instant access to this HR and Payroll Management Course Get FREE Tutor Support to this HR and Payroll Management Course HR and Payroll Management Online Training Assume you want to start a career as an HR and payroll manager or improve your knowledge and skills in HR and payroll management but don't know where to start. In that case, this Management: HR and Payroll course will equip you with the knowledge and skills you need to advance your career. Who is this course for? HR and Payroll Management This HR and Payroll Management course is open to everyone. Requirements HR and Payroll Management Training To enrol in this HR and Payroll Management: HR and Payroll Management Course, students must fulfil the following requirements. To join in our HR and Payroll Management Course, you must have a strong command of the English language. To successfully complete our HR and Payroll Management Course, you must be vivacious and self driven. To complete our HR and Payroll Management Course, you must have a basic understanding of computers. A minimum age limit of 15 is required to enrol in this HR and Payroll Management Course. Career path HR and Payroll Management HR and Payroll Management: HR and Payroll Management training offers a unique opportunity to gain valuable skills and advance your career.

Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for The target audience for the DevOps Leader course are professionals including: Anyone starting or leading a DevOps cultural transformation program, Anyone interested in modern IT leadership and organizational change approaches, Business Managers, Business Stakeholders, Change Agents, Consultants, DevOps Consultants, DevOps Engineers, IT Directors, IT Managers, IT Team, Leaders, Lean Coaches, Practitioners, Product Owners, Scrum Masters, System Integrators, Tool Providers Overview The learning objectives for DOL include a practical understanding of: - DevOps and time to market - The business and IT perspectives - Key differences between DevOps IT and traditional IT - Planning and organizing - Understanding performance and culture - Measurement differences - Designing a DevOps organization - Focusing on what matters - Ideas for organizing workflows - Sharing information - Defining meaningful metrics - Value stream mapping - The Spotify Squad model - Managing culture change - Popular tools and key practices - Putting it all together The DevOps Leader course is a unique and practical experience for participants who want to take a transformational leadership approach and make an impact within their organization by implementing DevOps. Leading people through a cultural transformation requires new skills, innovative thinking, and transformational leadership. Leaders up, down and across the IT organization must align and collaborate to break down silos and evolve the organization. The course highlights the human dynamics of cultural change and equips participants with practices, methods, and tools to engage people across the DevOps spectrum through the use of real-life scenarios and case studies. Upon completion of the course, participants will have tangible takeaways to leverage when back in the office such as understanding Value Stream Mapping. Prerequisites DevOps Foundation 1 - DevOps and Time What Is DevOps? Why Do DevOps Companies Doing DevOps The Magic Equation 2 - Key Differences Between DevOps IT and Traditional IT What Sets DevOps IT apart from Traditional IT How DevOps IT is Organized Differently How to Perform to a Different Standard How to Use Different Measurements 3 - Becoming a DevOps organization Transformational Leadership Redesigning An Organization for DevOps Design Principles Focus Work Information Metrics 4 - Value Stream Mapping What is Value Stream Mapping? Why Do We Need to Use this Framework? Types of Maps How to Create a Value Stream Map? Types of Data to Collect How to Handle Exceptions 5 - Value Stream Mapping Exercise 6 - Squad Organizational Model Conway's Law The Problem with Silos Spotify?s Squad Organization Model (Structure, Roles) Squads Tribes Chapters Guilds How to Reorganize in Order to Move to this Model 7 - Managing Culture Change What is Culture and How Does it Impact Performance? Types of IT Culture Cultural Traits of a DevOps Organization How to Manage Change 8 - Culture and its Impact on Performance Types of IT Culture What is a DevOps Culture How To Manage Change The Three Phases Of Change Types of Changes That Need to be Implemented 9 - Popular DevOps Tools and Practices DevOps Tools Periodic Table Top DevOps Tool Categories Common and Popular Practices 10 - Building a Business Case 11 - Bringing it all Together 12 - Additional Sources of Information 13 - Exam Preparations Exam Requirements, Question Weighting, and Terminology List Sample Exam Review Additional course details: Nexus Humans DevOps Leader (DevOps Institute) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the DevOps Leader (DevOps Institute) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Course Information Join our comprehensive three-day programme designed as an invaluable external training opportunity for auditors, audit programme managers, and individuals subject to audits. This course is tailored to foster a deep understanding and cultivate essential skills for auditing the validation of computer systems intended for GxP environments (GLP, GCP, GMP, GDP, GPvP). Commencing with an overview of regulatory prerequisites and the system life cycle, the course swiftly transitions to focus on the pragmatic aspects of auditing computer system validation. Experience a blend of presentations, interactive discussions, and immersive practical workshops throughout the duration of the course. Delegates will benefit from practical examples of how to understand the framework of applicable regulations and guidance. Apply risk management techniques to audit planning Plan and conduct computerised system audits Assess system validation documentation to verify compliance Evaluate data integrity and security issues Prepare for regulatory inspection. The course is structured to encourage delegates to: Discuss and develop ideas Solve specific problems Understand the vulnerabilities of computerised systems Learn how to create a compliance checklist Link system development with good business practice. Is this course for you? Auditors Audit programme managers Individuals subject to audits. Tutors Tutors will be comprised of (click the photos for biographies): Nichola Stevens Director and Principal Consultant, Nuncius Compliance Solutions Ltd Barry McManus Consultancy Partner, Empowerment Quality Engineering Ltd Programme Please note timings may be subject to alteration. Day 1 09:00 Welcome and Introductions 09:45 Why We Validate and Regulatory Trends 10:30 Break 10:45 Audit Overview, High Level Process and Scheduling 11:30 System Lifecycle 12:30 Lunch 13:15 Exercise 1 - Audit Scheduling 14:45 Exercise 1 - Feedback 15:15 Break 15:30 Validation Deliverables 16:30 Risk Assessments 17:30 Close of Day 1 Day 2 09:00 Supplier Assessment 10:30 Break 10:45 Exercise 2 - Planning a Supplier Audit 12:00 Exercise 2 - Feedback 12:30 Lunch 13:15 Exercise 3 - Auditing a Computerised System Validation Package 15:30 Break 15:45 Exercise 3 - Feedback 16:30 Change Control 17:15 Close of Day Day 3 09:00 Infrastructure Qualification 09:45 Maintaining a Validated State - Operational Processes 11:00 Break 11:15 Exercise 4 - Auditing Systems in Operational Use 12:45 Lunch 13:30 Exercise 4 - Feedback 14:15 Exercise 5 - Auditing Trail Review 15:30 Break 15:45 Exercise 5 - Feedback 16:15 Course Objectives Summary and Any Additional Questions 16:45 Close of Course Extra Information Face-to-face course Course Material Course material will be available in PDF format for delegates attending this course. The advantages of this include: Ability for delegates to keep material on a mobile device Ability to review material at any time pre and post course Environmental benefits – less paper being used per course. The material will be emailed in advance of the course and RQA will not be providing any printed copies of the course notes during the training itself. Delegates wishing to have a hard copy of the notes should print these in advance to bring with them. Alternatively delegates are welcome to bring along their own portable devices to view the material during the training sessions. Remote course Course Material This course will be run completely online. You will receive an email with a link to our online system, which will house your licensed course materials and access to the remote event. Please note this course will run in UK timezone. The advantages of this include: Ability for delegates to keep material on a mobile device Ability to review material at any time pre and post course Environmental benefits – less paper being used per course Access to an online course group to enhance networking. You will need a stable internet connection, a microphone and a webcam. CPD Points 19 Points Development Level Develop

Mergers and Acquisitions - Virtual Learning Why Attend This practical course covers the key steps in the Mergers and Acquisitions(M&A) process, from the initial step of valuing the shares in a company through to closing the deal. Whether or not participants practice M&A, this course will provide them an insider's look into what is an undeniable major force in today's corporate arena. This course will give participants an A-Z understanding of the M&A process and the ability to evaluate whether a merger or acquisition fits with their organization's strategy. As a result they will identify the most lucrative M&A opportunities, select the best partners and get the maximum reward from the deal. Course Methodology In this interactive training course participants will frequently work in pairs as well as in larger groups to complete exercises, and regional and international case studies. Course Objectives By the end of the course, participants will be able to: Identify attractive Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) opportunities Formulate the initial steps and the preliminary agreements for a merger or acquisition Carry out a full due diligence into the state of affairs of a target company Understand the Share Purchase Agreement (SPA) and the Asset Purchase Agreement (APA) Take an active role in the exchange and completion stages of a merger or acquisition Be an effective part of the post-merger integration to ensure the smooth running of the new organization Target Audience This course is suitable for anyone involved in the identification, planning and execution of a Mergers and Acquisitions opportunity. This includes, CEOs, managing directors, general managers, financial directors, accountants, board members, commercial directors, business development directors, strategy planners and analysts, and in-house council. Target Competencies Identifying M&A opportunities Due Diligence Organizing Acquisitions Structuring Negotiations Post-acquisition Integration Post-acquisition Audit Note The Dubai Government Legal Affairs Department has introduced a Continuing Legal Professional Development (CLPD) programme to legal consultants authorised to practise through a licensed firm in the Emirate of Dubai. We are proud to announce that the Dubai Government Legal Affairs Department has accredited EMG Associates as a CLPD provider. In addition, all our legal programmes have been approved. This PLUS Specialty Training Legal course qualifies for 4 elective CLPD points. Fundamentals of Mergers and Acquisitions ( M&A) Distinction between Mergers and Acquisitions Types of Mergers & Acquisitions Horizontal Vertical conglomerate Knowledge of areas of law required in M& A The Preliminary documents required in M&A Heads of terms- legally binding? Confidentiality - do they need to be in writing? Lockout/exclusivity agreements- requirements for enforceability How to structure the Acquisition Share sale Advantages and disadvantages from the buyer's perspective Advantages and disadvantages from the seller's perspective Business sale Advantages and disadvantages from the buyer's perspective Advantages and disadvantages from the seller's perspective Hive down A combination of assert sale and share sale Looking at different valuation techniques Real Estate Value Relief from Royalty Discounted Cash Flow Market Multiples Dividend Yield Net Assets The Due Diligence Process What is it? Why do it? Scope of due diligence Legal Financial  Commercial Operational The Purchase Agreements Share Sale Purchase Agreement v Asset Purchase Agreement v Business Purchase Agreements Provisions in a Share Purchase Agreement Importance of warranties and indemnities in purchase agreements Negotiating warranties from a Share Purchase Agreement Contractual protection for the seller  Disclosure letter Intellectual property What happens to IP in M&A  Stages of the IP during the M&A process Dispute Resolution in M&A Litigation Arbitration Mediation The Exchange and completion stages of M&A Seller's document Buyer's document The auction process The relevant stages Advantages and disadvantages from the buyer's and the seller's perspective

In this course you will understand what mentoring is about, understand your roles in the process. Gain self-insight into your own interpersonal style and way of relating to others that may affect mentoring interactions.

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT)  Accredited by the United Kingdom Lubricants Association (UKLA), this 4 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course will provide an in-depth understanding of the principles, economics and flexibility of lubricant blending plants and how to operate a lubricants blending plant efficiently and economically. The latest developments and trends in lubricant blending and the advantages and disadvantages of lubricant blending equipment, facilities and operations will be discussed. The importance of testing components and products for each blend, lubricant blend quality control and product quality management will also be explained. The VILT course will also clarify the importance of lubricant product filling, packaging and warehouse storage, strategies for optimising existing lubricant blending plant facilities and how to avoid or minimise problems with lubricant blending and product quality. The VILT course is recognised under the UKLA Continuing Professional Development (CPD) scheme for Registered Lubricant Professional. *There will be an examination for this VILT.   Training Objectives This VILT course will enable you to: Learn about Mineral Oil Base Oils; API Groups I, II and III: Properties and Characteristics Acquire the knowledge about Synthetic Base Oils; API Groups IV and V: Properties and Characteristics Learn about Lubricant Additives: Properties and Characteristics Know the Lubricant Formulation and Ease of Blending Explore the Blending Plant Design: Grassroots Plants and Upgrading Existing Plants Learn about Blending Plant Equipment and Facilities and Their Operation Understand the Lubricant Blending Issues: Avoiding Problems Test and Analyse Base Oils and Additives Test and Analyse Blended Lubricants Explore the importance of Product Quality Control Understand the process of Lubricant Packaging and Filling Understand the process of Lubricant Storage Learn about Product Quality Management Target Audience This VILT course will be useful and applicable for: Middle and Senior managers to understand how and why to design and operate an efficient and profitable lubricant blending plant. Blending plant operators and specialists to improve and optimise current blending plant operations. Manufacturers of lubricants will understand how and why high quality components and effective testing during the entire blending process are important to final lubricant product quality and performance. Lubricant formulators will understand the importance of close communication and co-operation with blending plant managers and operators to minimise blending costs and to thereby maximise product profitability. Course Level Intermediate Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 4 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day. Course Duration: 4 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (16 hours in total). Trainer Your expert course leader (CChem, MRC) has worked as Sales, Technical Marketing Manager and Company Director with over 50 years of broad experience in the lubricants, fuels, petroleum additives, with four leading companies Chevron, Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd, Texaco Limited and Kuwait Petroleum (GB) Ltd. His major recent responsibilities have been concerned with leading the Oil Industry Association United Kingdom Lubricants Association, and acting in an advisory capacity as Technical Director to the Association. He has acquired a wide experience in technical, marketing and sales within the oil industry. The related experience gained with the oil additives industry has provided him with special additional insights. He has also led the Certificate of Lubricant Competence course for the United Kingdom Lubricants Association (UKLA) for 11 years. He is a Chartered Chemist and a Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations