Linux training course description A Linux foundation appropriate for all flavours of Linux, focussed on getting network engineers up and running with Linux. The command line is used throughout. The course progresses from the basics of Linux commands onto useful tools such as grep, then shell features such as piping and then onto shell scripting. Administration aspects covered are the tasks network engineers are most likely to encounter such as software installation. Hands on exercises concentrate on network related tasks such as installing net-snmp and using shell scripts to provide network automation. What will you learn Use Linux commands to perform a variety of tasks from manipulating files to handling processes. Create and edit files with vi. Work with permissions. Write simple shell scripts. Install software packages. Configure base networking. Linux training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation Duration 5 days Linux training course contents What is Linux? Linux distributions, open source software. Getting started Logging in, changing passwords, logging out. Hands on Basics and root access. Linux basics Command structure. The Linux manuals, basic commands (who, date, tty, uname, echo, banner...). Hands on Using the CLI. Connecting to a network IP configuration, DHCP, static addressing, routing, ifconfig, ping, netstat, traceroute, dig. Hands on Network configuration and testing. Managing Software Package Concepts, Comparison of package formats, RPM, rpm Commands, Yum, Debian Packages, dpkg, apt-cache, apt-get, dselect, aptitude, Converting Between Package Formats, Dependencies and Conflicts, Startup Script Problems, Shared Libraries, Library Management Hands on Installing network packages such as nmap and net-snmp. Processes and log files ps, kill, background processes, at, exec, priorities. Managing Linux log files. Syslogd. Setting the time. Cron and cronjobs. Managing Processes, the Kernel: The First Process. Hands on Controlling daemons and services. Setting up a TFTP server. Filesystem commands Home directories, manipulating files and directories, Filesystem layout, Pathnames, hard and symbolic links. Viewing files. Hands on Exploring the filesystem, working with network device configuration files. The Linux editors ed, vi, shell escapes, .exrc. Hands on Editing network device configuration files. Extracting data from files grep, find, cut, sort and paste⦠Hands on Working with syslog files. Permissions Theory, chmod, chown, newgrp. Hands on Handling permission problems. The shell Metacharacters, piping and redirection. Hands on Running SNMP commands and working with their output. Basic shell scripting What are shell scripts? Simple scripts, control structures. Variable. Setting variables, using variables, set, scope, export, sourcing, environmental variables, read. Positional parameters: $0 to $9, $#, $* and others. shift parameter substitution. Control statements: The test command, if , while loops, for loops, the case statement. Hands on Automating network tasks. Customising your environment Environmental variables, stty, .profile and other startup files. Hands on Customising Linux. Introduction to administration The root user, su. Managing users and groups. Hands on The power of root. Archiving files Backups, tar, cpio, dd, gzip. Hands on Working with tar files. Booting Linux and Editing Files Installing Boot Loaders, GRUB Legacy, GRUB 2, Alternative Boot Loaders, the Boot Process, Boot Messages, Runlevels and the Initialization Process, Runlevel Functions, Runlevel Services, Alternative Boot Systems , Upstart, system. Hands on Installing network services on Linux.
Certified ScrumMaster®: In-House Training This course is an introduction to Scrum and the principles and tools required to be an effective Scrum Product Owner. You will come away with a good understanding of the Scrum framework and the underlying principles required to make effective decisions regarding the application of the Scrum framework to different situations. Participants successfully completing this course earn a Certified Scrum Product Owner® (CSPO®) designation. The Scrum Alliance certification includes a one-year membership with Scrum Alliance. What You Will Learn You'll learn how to: Use the principles, practices, and tools required to be an effective Scrum Product Owner Make effective decisions regarding the application of the Scrum framework to different situations, including: Setting product vision and goals Chartering the project Writing user stories and structuring your product backlog Scaling the Product Owner Estimating for forward planning Applying prioritization techniques Planning and tracking release progress Getting Started Introduction Course structure Course goals and objectives Agile Principles and Scrum Overview Process control models Incremental and iterative development Shifting the focus on product management Overview of the Scrum process Agile principles Lean principles Scrum Roles and Responsibilities Scrum roles Cross-functional teams Product Owner Responsibilities The Scrum Project Community What happens to my traditional role in Scrum? Chartering the Project Establishing a shared vision Elevator Statement Data sheets Product Vision Box Magazine Review / Press Release Product Backlog and User Stories Product uncertainty and progressive refinement User role modeling User Stories Product backlog characteristics Getting backlog items ready Slicing User Stories Using the product backlog to manage expectations Sprints Done and Scaling Done The Scrum process in detail Sustainable pace The Product Owner's role in each of the Scrum meetings Scaling the Product Owner Scaling Scrum Approaches to scaling the Product Owner Estimation for Forward Planning Why comparative estimation works Planning Poker Affinity Estimation Prioritization Techniques Additional Product Backlog Prioritization Techniques Kano Analysis Theme Screening Release Planning and Tracking Progress Velocity Release Planning Tracking release progress
LINX 3 training course description A detailed study of BGP, from the basics of how it works through to advanced issues such as route reflectors, policy, filtering, route selection and routing registries. The course culminates with a study of an industrial strength BGP template illustrating important issues such as bogon filtering. Practical hands on with routers follow the major sessions to reinforce the theory. A multiple choice exam, leading to the LAIT III certification, is available after the course. The exam consists of 60 questions and lasts 2 hours. What will you learn Connect enterprises to the Internet, and ISPs to each other. Describe how BGP works. List, describe and configure the main BGP attributes. Implement and troubleshoot BGP. Work with route aggregation and calculate CIDR prefixes in seconds. Influence traffic paths with BGP. LINX 3 training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: LAIT I and II OR CCNP and take LAIT I and LAIT II exams whilst on this course. Duration 5 days LINX 3 training course contents Basic BGP IGPs, EGPs, What's BGP? BGP RIB, in/out process, tables peers, adding routes. Hands on Simple configuration and troubleshooting. The Internet and peering ASs, AS numbers, Internet structure, ISP types, ISP network design, IXs, peering vs. transit, public/ private peering, bi/multi-lateral peering. Hands on AS information gathering. How BGP works Incremental updates, Path vector protocols, BGP protocol stack, the BGP header, message types, NLRI, withdrawn routes, route refresh, route dampening. Hands on More troubleshooting, packet analysis. MBGP and IPv6 Multiprotocol routing, AFI, SAFI, MBGP and multicasts, IPv6, MPLS VPNs. Hands on IPv6 BGPv4 aggregation CIDR, benefits, techniques, shortcuts, configuring BGP aggregation, leaking routes. Hands on Reducing routing table size. BGP path selection BGP attributes, attribute types, route selection order, Local preference, AS prepend, MEDs. Hands on Influencing traffic with BGP. BGP routing policies What is policy? Examples, route filtering, AS filtering, REs, applying preference selectively, peer groups. Hands on Sophisticated policies. RIPE and routing registries RIRs, Allocations, assignments, PI vs. PA. Objects, RPSL, routing registry, Hands on The RIPE database. Automating BGP configuration Automation tools, whois, IRRToolSet, Bogon lists, tracking bogon lists, HTTP, Peering, routing registries, DNS. Communities What is a community? Community names, communities for: peer types and geography. RFC 1998, default communities. Hands on Setting local preference on other routers. Route servers What are route servers? LINX route servers, route server policy control, What are route collectors, Looking glasses. Hands on Setting up and working with a route server. Peer relationships IBGP, EBGP, next hop self, advertising routes into/out of BGP, synchronisation. Hands on IBGP, troubleshooting a large BGP network. Route reflectors and confederations Full mesh IBGP, Route reflectors, RR configuration and design, confederations, migration issues. Hands on RR configuration. BGP architectures Stub vs. transit AS, when to use BGP, multihoming strategies and issues, default routes. Multihop EBGP, load balancing. Hands on Multihoming. BGP security RFC 7454, security steps, BGP TTL security, filters, RPKI, ROAs, rsync, rrdp, validators. A secure BGP template. Hands on RPKI prefix validation.
A virtual sales training programme aimed at enhancing the skills of the salesperson to have engaging customer conversations which open opportunities and close more business.
Network management technologies course description A comprehensive tour of the available network management technologies available for todays networks. The course starts with basic tools such as syslog along with Python network automation. SNMP is then covered with the *flow technologies and streaming telemetry. Configuration management with ansible, Python, NETCONF and RESTCONF is then studied. The final part of the course looks at SDN. Hands on sessions are used throughout to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer equipment. Note that sections are available as individual courses. What will you learn Evaluate network management technologies. Evaluate network management technologies. Recognise the weaknesses of SNMP versus NETCONF and streaming telemetry. Explain the role of NETCONF and RESTCONF. Compare & contrast *flow and streaming telemetry. Explain the role of SDN in network management. Automate network configuration with ansible and Python. Network management technologies course details Who will benefit: Those wishing to manage networks. (Previous Python experience is NOT needed) Prerequisites: Intro to data comms Duration 5 days Network management technologies course content Basic network management Network management What is network management? Benefits, issues. FCAPS model. Fault management, Configuration management, accounting, performance, security. What to manage, what not to manage. Managing network devices, managing servers. Monitoring networks Traditional network tools Ping..., SSH, syslog, TFTP for configurations. nmap. Wireshark. CLI. Web based management. Splunk. Nessus, snort, Kali. Hands on syslog, network inventories. Network automation using the CLI Programming and automating networks, netOps. Python, Git. Python network modules, SSH, paramiko, netmiko. EVE-NG. Hands onPython network modules. Structured versus unstructured data Problems with automation and unstructured data. XML, JSON, YAML. The role of YANG. Hands on Parsing data. SNMP SNMP architecture, SNMP MIBs, SMI, the SNMP protocol, polling security. Configuring SNMP. SNMPv1, v2, v3, SNMP security. Which version should you use? MIBs and MIB structure. mib-2, extra parts of mib-2, Private enterprise MIBs. Summary: What SNMP is good/bad at. Hands on Configuring agents and a NMS. MIB browsing. Server management Microsoft, Linux, application polling. WMI vs SNMP. Hands on: Application polling. Performance management *flow Polling, push vs pull, netflow, sflow, IPFIX, *flow. Flows. Where to monitor traffic. Comparing *flow with SNMP. Architecture: Generators and collectors. When flows are exported. NetFlow reporting products. SolarWinds. Hands on Netflow configuration. Collectors. Streaming telemetry Model driven telemetry, periodic/on change. Structured data. Telemetry protocol stack. gRPC and gNMI. Protobuf. gNMI operations. Telemetry architecture. Telegraf, databases, Grafana. Hands on Telemetry example. Configuration management Configuration management tools Chef, puppet, ansible, saltstack. Ansible architecture, controlling machines, nodes, agentless, SSH, modules. Inventories, playbooks, modules, network modules, jinja2 templates. Hands on Network configuration with ansible. NETCONF What is NETCONF? Protocol stack, Data stores, traffic flows, validating configurations, rollback. YANG data models and how YANG is used by NETCONF. XML. Explorers and other tools. Hands on anx, Python and NETCONF. RESTCONF The REST API, HTTP, What is RESTCONF? Tools including Postman. Comparison with NETCONF. Hands on Configuration with RESTCONF. Python network automation: configuration SSH issues. Using structured data. Jinja2. ncclient, requests, NAPALM, Nornir. Automated testing. Hands on Python network device configuration with nornir. Software Defined Networks and orchestration Classic SDN What is SDN? benefits. SDN architecture. SDN applications, SDN switches, SDN controllers, Network Operating Systems. Control plane, data plane. Northbound interfaces. SDN components. Southbound interfaces. OpenFlow. ONF, OpenFlow ports, Flow tables. Network virtualization Virtual networks, virtual switches, NfV. Service chaining. NfV and SDN. SDN implementations Classic SDN, Hybrid SDN, SDN via APIs, SDN via overlays. Data centre SDN, VXLAN, Service Provider SDN, SD WAN, Enterprise SDN, WiFi. SDN and open source OpenDaylight, OpenVSwitch, Open Networking Forum, Open Network Operating System. Hands onOpenStack. SD-WAN What is SD-WAN? Architecture: Edge, gateway, orchestrator, controller. Overlay and underlay. Use of MPLS, 4G/5G. Benefits and features. Secure Access Service Edge (SASE).
Level 2 NVQ Certificate in Plant Operations - Operations Guide
PRINCE2 Agile® Foundation: In-House Training PRINCE2 Agile® provides structure, governance, and control when working with agile concepts, methods, and techniques. It is a solution combining the flexibility and responsiveness of Agile with the clearly defined framework of PRINCE2. PRINCE2 Agile® framework covers a wide range of agile concepts, including SCRUM, Kanban, and Lean Startup. The PRINCE2 Agile® Foundation certificate is designed to help professionals deliver agile projects by tailoring PRINCE2® management controls with a broad toolset of agile delivery techniques and frameworks. PRINCE2 Agile® is an extension module tailored for forward-thinking organizations and individuals already benefiting from PRINCE2®. It provides further guidance on how to apply agile methods to the world's most recognized project management method. The purpose of the Practitioner qualification is to demonstrate that you can apply and tailor PRINCE2 Agile® in a scenario situation. What you will Learn Understand the key aspects of PRINCE2® Understand basic concepts behind common agile ways of working Demonstrate the purpose of combining PRINCE2® with agile Be able to fix and flex the aspects of a project in an agile context Apply the PRINCE2® principles and tailor the themes, processes, and management products to a project in an agile context Incorporate the areas that can support a PRINCE2 Agile® implementation To prepare Participants for the PRINCE2 Agile® Foundation exam Benefits Agile methods allow organizations to realize the benefits of products and potentially an earlier return on investment while products are being developed and improved. Improved communication through the use of common terminology across PRINCE2® and agile disciplines. Develop a clear definition of how agile can govern a project's delivery, while PRINCE2® governs projects as a whole. Seamless integration: PRINCE2 Agile® will complementPMBOK® GuideandAPM Body of Knowledge®just as PRINCE2® does currently. It will also be of interest for Program Managers with MSP® who need to understand how projects relate to the delivery mechanism. The most up-to-date and relevant view of Agile project management methodologies, PRINCE2 Agile® references the 'flow-based' working featured in Kanban in addition to other agile concepts not covered in other qualifications. Introduction - Getting Started Part 1 An overview of PRINCE2 Agile Overview Blending PRINCE2 and Agile What to fix and what to flex Part 2 Agile behaviors ad the PRINCE2 Principles Agile and the PRINCE2 Themes Part 3 Focus areas Agile and the PRINCE2 Processes Examination preparation Examination. Summary - What did we learn, and how can we implement this in our work environment?
Integrating UNIX and Microsoft course description This course is designed for the enterprise-level UNIX professional and represents the highest level of professional, distribution-neutral UNIX certification within the industry. It covers administering UNIX enterprise-wide with an emphasis on mixed environments. What will you learn Configure and troubleshoot OpenLDAP. Use OpenLDAP as an authentication backend. Manage software packages. Use Samba - Share configuration - User and group management - Domain integration - Name services - with Linux and Windows clients Integrating UNIX and Microsoft course details Who will benefit: Enterprise-level UNIX professionals. Prerequisites: UNIX network administration. Duration 5 days Integrating UNIX and Microsoft course contents OPENLDAP CONFIGURATION OpenLDAP replication Replication concepts, OpenLDAP replication, replication log files, replica hubs, LDAP referrals, LDAP sync replication. Securing the Directory Securing the directory with SSL and TLS, Firewall considerations, Unauthenticated access methods, User/password authentication methods, Maintanence of SASL user DB, certificates. OpenLDAP Server Performance Tuning Measure OpenLDAP performance, Tune software configuration to increase performance, indexes. OPENLDAP AS AN AUTHENTICATION BACKEND LDAP Integration with PAM and NSS Configure PAM to use LDAP for authentication, NSS to retrieve information from LDAP and PAM modules in UNIX. Integrating LDAP with Active Directory and Kerberos Kerberos integration with LDAP, Cross platform authentication, Single sign-on concepts, Integration and compatibility limitations between OpenLDAP and Active Directory. SAMBA BASICS Samba Concepts and Architecture Samba daemons and components, key issues regarding heterogeneous network, Identify key TCP/UDP ports used with SMB/CIFS, Knowledge of Samba3 and Samba4 differences. Configure Samba Samba server configuration file structure, variables and configuration parameters, Troubleshoot and debug configuration problems. Regular Samba Maintenance Monitor and interact with running Samba daemons, Perform regular backups of Samba configuration and state data. Troubleshooting Samba Samba logging, Backup TDB files, Restore TDB files, Identify TDB file corruption, Edit / list TDB file content. Internationalization Internationalization character codes and code pages, differences in the name space between Windows and Linux/Unix with respect to share, names, user/group/computer naming in a non-English environment. SAMBA SHARE CONFIGURATION Linux File System and Share/Service Permissions File / directory permission control, Samba interaction with Linux file system permissions and ACLs, Use Samba VFS to store Windows ACLs. Print Services Printer sharing, integration between Samba and CUPS, Manage Windows print drivers and configure downloading of print drivers, security concerns with printer sharing. SAMBA USER AND GROUP MANAGEMENT Managing User Accounts and Groups User and group accounts, mappings, user account management tools, smbpasswd, file/directory ownership of objects. Authentication, Authorization and Winbind Local password database, password synchronization, passdb backends, Convert between passdb backends, Integrate Samba with LDAP, Winbind service, PAM and NSS. SAMBA DOMAIN INTEGRATION Samba as a PDC and BDC Domain membership and trust relationships, Create and maintain a PDC and BDC with Samba3/4, Add computers to an existing domain, logon scripts, roaming profiles, system policies. Samba4 as an AD compatible Domain Samba 4 as an AD DC, smbclient, how Samba integrates with AD services: DNS, Kerberos, NTP, LDAP. Configure Samba as a Domain Member Server Joining Samba to NT4 and AD domains, obtain a TGT from a KDC. SAMBA NAME SERVICES NetBIOS and WINS WINS concepts, NetBIOS concepts, local master browser, domain master browser, Samba as a WINS server, name resolution, WINS replication, NetBIOS browsing and browser elections, NETBIOS name types. Active Directory Name Resolution DNS for Samba4 as an AD Domain Controller, DNS forwarding with the internal DNS server of Samba4. WORKING WITH LINUX AND WINDOWS CLIENTS CIFS Integration SMB/CIFS concepts, remote CIFS shares from a Linux client, securely storing CIFS credentials, features and benefits of CIFS, permissions and file ownership of remote CIFS shares. Working with Windows Clients browse lists and SMB clients from Windows, Share file/print resources from Windows, the smbclient program, the Windows net utility.
Integrating Linux and Microsoft course description This course is designed for the enterprise-level Linux professional and represents the highest level of professional, distribution-neutral Linux certification within the industry. LPIC-3 300 covers administering Linux enterprise-wide with an emphasis on mixed environments. What will you learn Configure and troubleshoot OpenLDAP. Use OpenLDAP as an authentication backend. Manage software packages. Use Samba - Share configuration - User and group management - Domain integration - Name services - with Linux and Windows clients Integrating Linux and Microsoft course details Who will benefit: Enterprise-level Linux professionals. Prerequisites: Delegates must have an active LPIC-2 certification to receive LPIC-3 certification, but the LPIC-2 and LPIC-3 exams may be taken in any order. Duration 5 days Integrating UNIX and Microsoft course contents OPENLDAP CONFIGURATION OpenLDAP replication Replication concepts, OpenLDAP replication, replication log files, replica hubs, LDAP referrals, LDAP sync replication. Securing the Directory Securing the directory with SSL and TLS, Firewall considerations, Unauthenticated access methods, User/password authentication methods, Maintanence of SASL user DB, certificates. OpenLDAP Server Performance Tuning Measure OpenLDAP performance, Tune software configuration to increase performance, indexes. OPENLDAP AS AN AUTHENTICATION BACKEND LDAP Integration with PAM and NSS Configure PAM to use LDAP for authentication, NSS to retrieve information from LDAP and PAM modules in UNIX. Integrating LDAP with Active Directory and Kerberos Kerberos integration with LDAP, Cross platform authentication, Single sign-on concepts, Integration and compatibility limitations between OpenLDAP and Active Directory. SAMBA BASICS Samba Concepts and Architecture Samba daemons and components, key issues regarding heterogeneous network, Identify key TCP/UDP ports used with SMB/CIFS, Knowledge of Samba3 and Samba4 differences. Configure Samba Samba server configuration file structure, variables and configuration parameters, Troubleshoot and debug configuration problems. Regular Samba Maintenance Monitor and interact with running Samba daemons, Perform regular backups of Samba configuration and state data. Troubleshooting Samba Samba logging, Backup TDB files, Restore TDB files, Identify TDB file corruption, Edit / list TDB file content. Internationalization Internationalization character codes and code pages, differences in the name space between Windows and Linux/Unix with respect to share, names, user/group/computer naming in a non-English environment. SAMBA SHARE CONFIGURATION Linux File System and Share/Service Permissions File / directory permission control, Samba interaction with Linux file system permissions and ACLs, Use Samba VFS to store Windows ACLs. Print Services Printer sharing, integration between Samba and CUPS, Manage Windows print drivers and configure downloading of print drivers, security concerns with printer sharing. SAMBA USER AND GROUP MANAGEMENT Managing User Accounts and Groups User and group accounts, mappings, user account management tools, smbpasswd, file/directory ownership of objects. Authentication, Authorization and Winbind Local password database, password synchronization, passdb backends, Convert between passdb backends, Integrate Samba with LDAP, Winbind service, PAM and NSS. SAMBA DOMAIN INTEGRATION Samba as a PDC and BDC Domain membership and trust relationships, Create and maintain a PDC and BDC with Samba3/4, Add computers to an existing domain, logon scripts, roaming profiles, system policies. Samba4 as an AD compatible Domain Samba 4 as an AD DC, smbclient, how Samba integrates with AD services: DNS, Kerberos, NTP, LDAP. Configure Samba as a Domain Member Server Joining Samba to NT4 and AD domains, obtain a TGT from a KDC. SAMBA NAME SERVICES NetBIOS and WINS WINS concepts, NetBIOS concepts, local master browser, domain master browser, Samba as a WINS server, name resolution, WINS replication, NetBIOS browsing and browser elections, NETBIOS name types. Active Directory Name Resolution DNS for Samba4 as an AD Domain Controller, DNS forwarding with the internal DNS server of Samba4. WORKING WITH LINUX AND WINDOWS CLIENTS CIFS Integration SMB/CIFS concepts, remote CIFS shares from a Linux client, securely storing CIFS credentials, features and benefits of CIFS, permissions and file ownership of remote CIFS shares. Working with Windows Clients browse lists and SMB clients from Windows, Share file/print resources from Windows, the smbclient program, the Windows net utility.
Change Management Foundation: In-House Training: In-House Training This course provides practical knowledge on Change Management techniques and the Foundation certification. You will examine various Change Management techniques and explore which could be effectively implemented in your organization. The structured approach helps you understand how you deal with change as an individual, as a member of a team or organization, and as a leader. The program design explores the impact that change has on these four major areas: Change and the Individual Change and the Organization Communications and Stakeholder Engagement Change Management Practice This course also prepares you for the APMG Change Management Foundation exam. Given that a primary course goal is to achieve the Foundation Certification, the course text will be provided in advance of the workshop so the participant may begin studying. In addition, daily homework assignments and practice exams will be provided. The Foundation-level exam is taken at the end of the third day of the Traditional Classroom course. Virtual Classroom participants must make separate arrangements to schedule their exam following course completion (See 'Important Note for Virtual Course Participants'). What You Will Learn You'll learn how to: Explain how individuals learn and why many may resist change Illustrate how to build an effective change team Describe the stakeholder engagement process and relate this to appropriate communication Differentiate various approaches to plan, implement, and sustain organizational change Demonstrate how to assess change impact and readiness, and deal with resistance Improve your ability to pass the APMG Change Management Foundation Certification exam Getting Started Introductions Course structure Course goals and objectives Change and the Individual How people learn Personality and change - introduction to MBTI Models of individual change - the Change Curve and Bridges' Transition Motivating individuals during change Change and the Organization Understanding organizational metaphors Organizational culture and change 3 models of change - Lewin, Kotter, and Senge Key roles in change Stakeholder Engagement Identifying and analyzing stakeholders Personas and empathy maps Influencing strategies Communication Feedback and communication approaches Communicating change - planning, factors, and barriers Communication biases and channels Change Impact Identifying and assessing change impact Stakeholder impact assessment Change severity assessment Change Readiness Building change agent networks and the change team How to make the organization ready for change Creating a change management plan Dealing with resistance to change APMG Change Management Foundation Exam Preparation Review of and practice with APMG sample questions and test papers APMG Change Management Foundation Exam Traditional Classroom: Paper-based exams will be taken on the last day of class Virtual Classroom: The exam is scheduled by the Participant and taken subsequent to the course