676 Environment courses in Maidstone

Masterclasses? Refreshers? Introductions? It depends what you're looking for and where you want to pitch them, but here are six tried-and-tested highly focused sessions that organisations can take individually or as a series, to help develop their teams' project management capabilities one topic at a time. Objectives for each individual session are set out below, as part of the session outlines. Taken together, as a series, however, these modules are an ideal opportunity to develop your team's levels of project management capability maturity, whether that's by introducing them to the basic principles, refreshing them on best practice, or giving them the opportunity to really drill down into a specific area of challenge in your particular operating environment. Session outlines 1 Stakeholder management Session objectives This session will help participants: Understand why stakeholders matter to projects Be able to identify and engage stakeholders Be able to categorise stakeholders by their significance 1 Key principles What does 'stakeholder' mean - in theory? What does this mean in practice? Why stakeholders matter Consequences of missing stakeholders The stakeholder management process:IdentifyAssessPlanEngage 2 Identifying stakeholders Rapid listing CPIG analysis PESTLE analysis Drawing on the knowledge and experience of others Other ways to identify stakeholders 3 Assessing stakeholders Which stakeholders are significant? Stakeholder radar Power-interest maps Power-attitude maps 4 Planning The adoption curve Dealing with obstacles Who should engage which stakeholder? How should the project's organisation be structured? How will communication happen? 5 Engaging Seven principles of stakeholder engagement 2 Requirements and prioritisation Session objectives This session will help participants: Understand how clarity of requirements contributes to project success Use different techniques for prioritising requirements Agree requirements with stakeholders Manage changes to requirements 1 Understanding and managing stakeholder needs and expectations What are 'requirements'? What is 'requirements management'? Sources of requirements - and the role of stakeholders Are stakeholders sufficiently expert to specify their needs? Do they understand the detail of what they want, or do they need help to tease that out? What do stakeholders want to achieve? Working within constraints Prioritising requirements - three techniques 2 MoSCoW prioritisation 'Must have', should have', 'could have, 'won't have this time' When to use MoSCoW 3 The Kano Model Customer satisfaction - 'attractive' and 'must-be' qualities When to use Kano 4 Value-based prioritisation Understanding risk v value Using risk v value to prioritise features and schedules 5 Agreeing requirements Perfect v 'good enough' Establishing acceptance criteria Requirements traceability Agreeing project scope 6 Changing requirements Why requirements change Why change control matters Impact on projects A formal change control process Paying for change - managing change for different types of project 3 Estimating Session objectives This session will help participants: Understand the different purposes estimates satisfy Be able to use different estimating techniques Understand how to achieve different levels of accuracy 1 Key principles What's an estimate? Informed guesswork What needs to be estimated? Costs, resources, effort, duration Tolerances Precision v accuracy 2 Estimating through the lifecycle Start Plan Do 3 Early estimates Comparative ('analogous') estimating Parametric estimating Using multiple estimating techniques 4 Bottom-up estimating Bottom-up ('analytical') estimating Pros Cons 5 Three-point estimating Three-point ('PERT': Programme Evaluation and Review Technique) estimating Uncertainty and the range of estimates Calculating a weighted average Three-point with bottom-up 4 Scheduling Session objectives This session will help participants: Understand how to create a viable schedule Be able to use different forms of schedule Understand the concept of the critical path 1 Key principles The planning horizon Rolling wave planning Release planning 2 Viable scheduling Creating a viable schedule Define the scope Sequence the work Identify the risks and build in mitigations Identify the resources Estimate the effort and durations Check resource availability Refine until a workable schedule is produced 3 Critical path analysis The critical path Network diagrams Sequence logic Practical application:Network diagram with estimated durationsThe 'forward pass'The 'backward pass'Calculating total floatIdentifying the critical pathCalculating free float Gantt charts 5 Risk and issue management Session objectives This session will help participants: Understand the difference between risks and issues Be able to identify and assess risks Understand ways of mitigating risks Manage issues 1 Key principles Understanding risk Threats and opportunities The risk management processPreparation - proactive risk managementThe process - identify, assess, plan, implementStakeholder communication Roles and responsibilities Risk management strategy The risk register Risk appetite 2 Risk identification Brainstorming Interviews Assumption analysis Checklists 3 Risk assessment and prioritisation Probability, impact and proximity Triggers Qualitative risk assessment Qualitative impact assessment Qualitative probability assessment Probability / impact grid Bubble charts Risk tolerance 4 Planning countermeasures To mitigate or not to mitigate? Categories of risk response Avoid and exploit Reduce and enhance Transfer Share Accept Contingency Secondary risks 5 Issue management What is an issue? Tolerances Issues and tolerances The PRINCE2 view of issues Ownership of issues An issue management process Issue register 6 Budgeting and cost control Session objectives This session will help participants: Understand what to include in a budget - and why Choose - and use - the appropriate estimating technique Align the budget with the schedule Understand how to monitor spend and control costs Trouble-shoot effectively to get projects back within budget Session format Flexible. The session can be tailored to the participants' average level of project management maturity - a 60-minute session (delivered virtually) is an effective introduction. A 90-minute session allows for more in-depth treatment. A half-day session (face-to-face or virtual) gives time for a more challenging workshop, particularly to discuss specific cost control issues with any of the participants' current projects. 1 Where is the money coming from? Can we pay from revenue? Do we need to borrow? How long will the project take to pay back? The lifecycle of the budget Through-life costs Stakeholder involvement 2 Estimating costs Reminder: the relationship between estimates Reminder: possible estimating techniques What do we need to estimate?PeopleEquipmentMaterialsFacilities and operating costsWork package estimateEstimated project costs Estimating agile projects 3 Aligning budget and schedule Scheduling and financial periods Spreading the budget 4 Reserves and agreeing the budget Contingency reserve Management reserve Agreeing the budget 5 Cost control Planned spend over time Actual spend over time Work completed over time Evaluating different scenarios: delivery v spend 6 Trouble-shooting Why are we where we are? What has caused the project to spend at the rate it is? Why is it delivering at the rate it is? What are the root causes? What can we do about it?

We look at 4 key areas on how to build successful teams in our Early Years environments. Managing the People, looking at personality types. Setting the Envrironment using Maslows Hierarchy of needs for staff. Solving the Problems in teams. Encouraging the Performance.

About this Course This 5 full-day course provides a comprehensive understanding of all the commissioning procedures for combined cycle power plants. The Commissioning Management System (CMS) of combined cycle power plants is covered in detail in this course. This includes all the commissioning procedures and documents, purpose of commissioning, responsibilities, system description, organization, working parties, test teams, documentation, testing and commissioning schedules, test reports, safety, plant certification, and plant completion report. The course provides also a thorough understanding of all the commissioning requirements for gas turbines, steam turbines and auxiliaries, generator and auxiliaries, electrical equipment, switchgear equipment, switchgear and transformers. All the stages of the commissioning procedure are covered in-depth in this course. This includes preparation - planning various activities, pre-commissioning checks and tests, typical commissioning schedule, detailed tests and commissioning procedures and instructions for every component in a combined cycle power plant, instrumentation, trial run of the equipment, safety and precautions, commissioning of combined cycle power plant systems, safety rules clearance certificates, procedure for the control and handling of defects, commissioning reports, operational testing, first fire, generator synchronization, performance testing, heat rate testing, emission testing, contract testing, CO2 concentration tests, electrical full-load rejection test, duct burner testing, partial load stability test, and reliability test. This course is a MUST for anyone who is involved in the pre-commissioning or commissioning of any combined cycle power plant equipment because it provides detailed pre-commissioning checks and tests, and detailed tests and commissioning procedures and instructions for every component in a combined cycle power plant. In addition, the seminar provides an in-depth coverage of all preparation, planning activities, commissioning schedules, trial run of each combined cycle power plant equipment, safety and precautions, safety rules clearance certificates, procedures for handling defects, and commissioning reports. Training Objectives Pre-commissioning Checks and Tests, Detailed Tests and Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Every Equipment in Combined Cycle Power Plants: Gain a thorough understanding of all pre-commissioning checks and tests, and all commissioning procedures and instructions for every equipment in combined cycle power plants Commissioning Management System (CMS) of Combined Cycle Power Plants: Discover the benefits of the CMS of combined cycle power plants including all commissioning procedures and documents, purpose of commissioning, responsibilities, system description, organization, working parties, test teams, documentation, testing and commissioning schedules, test reports, safety, plant certification, and plant completion report Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Heat Recovery Steam Generators, Air Blow and Steam Blow of Steam and Gas Piping in Combined Cycle Power Plants: Learn about the commissioning procedures and instructions for heat recovery steam generators, chemical cleaning of heat recovery steam generators, air blow and gas blow of steam and gas piping in combined cycle power plants, safety valve setting and soot blowers Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Gas Turbines and Steam Turbines: Gain a thorough understanding of all the commissioning procedures and instructions for gas and steam turbines and auxiliaries including acid cleaning of oil pipelines, lubrication and governing system (oil flushing and hydraulic testing), jacking oil system, governing system, regenerative system, barring gear, vacuum tightness test, first rolling of turbine and data logging Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Generator and Auxiliaries: Discover all the commissioning procedures and instructions for generator and auxiliaries including generator, seal oil system, hydrogen gas system, stator water system, rolling and start-up of generators Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Electrical Equipment: Learn about all the commissioning procedures and instructions for electrical equipment including switchyard equipment, switchgear, transformers and motors Operational Testing, Performance Testing, Heat Rate Testing, Emission Testing of Combine Cycle Power Plants: Gain a thorough understanding of operational testing, first fire, generator synchronization, performance testing, heat rate testing, emission testing, contract testing, CO2 concentration tests, electrical full-load rejection test, duct burner testing, partial load stability test, and reliability test of combined cycle power plants Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Training Methods The instructor relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all the delegates gain a complete understanding of all the topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Course Duration: Half-day or full-day program (with virtual and in-person options) Target Audience: Professionals working remotely, hybrid teams, managers, HR leaders, and individuals looking to improve their work-life integration in today’s fast-paced, digital-first work environment. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the concept of work-life integration versus work-life balance. Recognise the challenges and benefits of working remotely or in hybrid settings. Learn practical strategies for managing boundaries, time, and energy. Cultivate habits that support both productivity and personal well-being. Apply tools to foster sustainable work-life integration in their teams and organisations. Course Outline Module 1: Rethinking Work-Life Integration The difference between work-life balance and work-life integration The challenges of work-life boundaries in a remote-first world The impact of technology on personal and professional lives Why flexibility matters: remote work as a tool for integration, not separation Module 2: Understanding Your Energy and Time Identifying personal energy patterns throughout the day Time audit: understanding how you currently allocate time and energy The role of breaks, boundaries, and rituals in energy management Tools for task prioritisation: Pomodoro, time blocking, and task batching Module 3: Managing Boundaries in a Digital World Setting and communicating clear boundaries for work and personal time Managing "always-on" culture in a remote environment Tools for setting expectations with colleagues and managers Creating a dedicated workspace and establishing personal rituals Saying no effectively: how to manage overcommitment and avoid burnout Module 4: Navigating Flexibility and Productivity The benefits and challenges of flexible working hours Time management strategies for remote and hybrid work settings Overcoming distractions: creating a productive work environment at home Staying focused and motivated without the physical office Managing work interruptions and creating space for personal time Module 5: Well-Being in Remote and Hybrid Work Importance of self-care and mental health in work-life integration Strategies for staying physically active, social, and mentally engaged remotely Building habits for sleep, mindfulness, and recovery Setting clear personal and professional goals to stay aligned with values Techniques for managing stress and avoiding burnout in a remote environment Module 6: Building a Remote-First Culture Leading with empathy: supporting remote teams’ well-being Fostering communication, trust, and accountability in hybrid teams Encouraging regular check-ins, feedback loops, and work-life check-ups Building a culture of flexibility and autonomy while maintaining performance Best practices for team collaboration and social connection in remote environments Module 7: Action Planning for Sustainable Integration Developing a personalised work-life integration plan Identifying areas of improvement: time, energy, boundaries, and well-being Setting achievable goals for short-term and long-term work-life integration Peer sharing: tips and strategies that have worked for you Building accountability structures: partners, progress tracking, and revisiting goals Delivery Style Highly interactive, with a mix of discussions, reflection exercises, and case studies Practical tools, tips, and templates that participants can apply immediately Group activities to share experiences and learn from peers Guided self-reflection and action planning for immediate impact Course Materials Provided Work-Life Integration Guide Time Audit Worksheet and Energy Mapping Tools Setting Boundaries Framework and Template Remote Work Well-Being Checklist Personal Action Plan for Sustainable Integration Resource list: Apps, podcasts, and books on work-life integration Optional Add-ons Post-course coaching or check-in sessions Customised team workshop focused on hybrid work challenges Leadership session on managing remote-first teams effectively Follow-up webinars on remote collaboration and staying connected

Course Duration: Half-day or full-day program (with virtual and in-person options) Target Audience: Professionals working remotely, hybrid teams, managers, HR leaders, and individuals looking to improve their work-life integration in today’s fast-paced, digital-first work environment. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the concept of work-life integration versus work-life balance. Recognise the challenges and benefits of working remotely or in hybrid settings. Learn practical strategies for managing boundaries, time, and energy. Cultivate habits that support both productivity and personal well-being. Apply tools to foster sustainable work-life integration in their teams and organisations. Course Outline Module 1: Rethinking Work-Life Integration The difference between work-life balance and work-life integration The challenges of work-life boundaries in a remote-first world The impact of technology on personal and professional lives Why flexibility matters: remote work as a tool for integration, not separation Module 2: Understanding Your Energy and Time Identifying personal energy patterns throughout the day Time audit: understanding how you currently allocate time and energy The role of breaks, boundaries, and rituals in energy management Tools for task prioritisation: Pomodoro, time blocking, and task batching Module 3: Managing Boundaries in a Digital World Setting and communicating clear boundaries for work and personal time Managing "always-on" culture in a remote environment Tools for setting expectations with colleagues and managers Creating a dedicated workspace and establishing personal rituals Saying no effectively: how to manage overcommitment and avoid burnout Module 4: Navigating Flexibility and Productivity The benefits and challenges of flexible working hours Time management strategies for remote and hybrid work settings Overcoming distractions: creating a productive work environment at home Staying focused and motivated without the physical office Managing work interruptions and creating space for personal time Module 5: Well-Being in Remote and Hybrid Work Importance of self-care and mental health in work-life integration Strategies for staying physically active, social, and mentally engaged remotely Building habits for sleep, mindfulness, and recovery Setting clear personal and professional goals to stay aligned with values Techniques for managing stress and avoiding burnout in a remote environment Module 6: Building a Remote-First Culture Leading with empathy: supporting remote teams’ well-being Fostering communication, trust, and accountability in hybrid teams Encouraging regular check-ins, feedback loops, and work-life check-ups Building a culture of flexibility and autonomy while maintaining performance Best practices for team collaboration and social connection in remote environments Module 7: Action Planning for Sustainable Integration Developing a personalised work-life integration plan Identifying areas of improvement: time, energy, boundaries, and well-being Setting achievable goals for short-term and long-term work-life integration Peer sharing: tips and strategies that have worked for you Building accountability structures: partners, progress tracking, and revisiting goals Delivery Style Highly interactive, with a mix of discussions, reflection exercises, and case studies Practical tools, tips, and templates that participants can apply immediately Group activities to share experiences and learn from peers Guided self-reflection and action planning for immediate impact Course Materials Provided Work-Life Integration Guide Time Audit Worksheet and Energy Mapping Tools Setting Boundaries Framework and Template Remote Work Well-Being Checklist Personal Action Plan for Sustainable Integration Resource list: Apps, podcasts, and books on work-life integration Optional Add-ons Post-course coaching or check-in sessions Customised team workshop focused on hybrid work challenges Leadership session on managing remote-first teams effectively Follow-up webinars on remote collaboration and staying connected

Overview This 2 day course focuses on best practice bank ALM in today’s environment of a multiplicity of regulatory constraints on the balance sheet Who the course is for Asset Liability Committee (ALCO) members Treasury Risk Finance and internal audit capital management Funding management Liquidity buffer investment team Derivative structurers and salespeople; IT software providers Regulators Course Content To learn more about the day by day course content please click here To learn more about schedule, pricing & delivery options, book a meeting with a course specialist now

Course Duration: Half-day, 1-day, or modular delivery over 2–3 sessions Target Audience: Managers, team leaders, HR professionals, and employees who want to foster trust, openness, and inclusivity within their teams or organisations. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the concept and importance of psychological safety. Recognise how psychological safety impacts team performance and wellbeing. Identify behaviours and practices that support or undermine psychological safety. Develop strategies to create inclusive, respectful, and open team cultures. Apply tools to encourage constructive feedback, innovation, and open dialogue. Course Outline Module 1: What is Psychological Safety? Definition and origin (Dr Amy Edmondson’s research) Why psychological safety matters: the business and human case Link between psychological safety, innovation, collaboration, and retention Misconceptions: It’s not about comfort or avoiding challenge Module 2: Assessing the Current Environment Signs of a psychologically safe vs unsafe environment Common team behaviours and leadership pitfalls Self-assessment: how psychologically safe is my team? Module 3: Building the Foundations The four stages of psychological safety: Inclusion safety Learner safety Contributor safety Challenger safety Role of trust, empathy, and emotional intelligence The leader’s role in creating safe environments Module 4: Practical Strategies to Foster Safety Encouraging open communication and constructive disagreement Creating space for risk-taking and vulnerability Responding to feedback and mistakes without blame Speaking up behaviours – how to model and support them Module 5: Embedding Psychological Safety into Team Culture Meeting practices that promote psychological safety How to give and receive feedback safely Inclusive decision-making and respectful challenge Recognising and rewarding candour and contribution Module 6: Leading with Psychological Safety Coaching conversations and active listening Managing difficult conversations and underperformance safely Supporting neurodiverse or marginalised voices Sustaining safety under pressure and during change Delivery Style Facilitated discussions and group work Role plays, reflection activities, and real-life scenarios Peer learning and action planning Optional pre-work or post-session surveys Course Materials Provided Participant workbook Psychological safety assessment toolkit Conversation starter guide Leadership checklist for building safety Personal and team action plan Optional Add-ons Team psychological safety assessments (anonymous survey) Post-course coaching or leadership debrief Co-delivery with DEI (Diversity, Equity & Inclusion) workshops Integration with feedback or team development programs

Course Duration: Half-day, 1-day, or modular delivery over 2–3 sessions Target Audience: Managers, team leaders, HR professionals, and employees who want to foster trust, openness, and inclusivity within their teams or organisations. Course Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the concept and importance of psychological safety. Recognise how psychological safety impacts team performance and wellbeing. Identify behaviours and practices that support or undermine psychological safety. Develop strategies to create inclusive, respectful, and open team cultures. Apply tools to encourage constructive feedback, innovation, and open dialogue. Course Outline Module 1: What is Psychological Safety? Definition and origin (Dr Amy Edmondson’s research) Why psychological safety matters: the business and human case Link between psychological safety, innovation, collaboration, and retention Misconceptions: It’s not about comfort or avoiding challenge Module 2: Assessing the Current Environment Signs of a psychologically safe vs unsafe environment Common team behaviours and leadership pitfalls Self-assessment: how psychologically safe is my team? Module 3: Building the Foundations The four stages of psychological safety: Inclusion safety Learner safety Contributor safety Challenger safety Role of trust, empathy, and emotional intelligence The leader’s role in creating safe environments Module 4: Practical Strategies to Foster Safety Encouraging open communication and constructive disagreement Creating space for risk-taking and vulnerability Responding to feedback and mistakes without blame Speaking up behaviours – how to model and support them Module 5: Embedding Psychological Safety into Team Culture Meeting practices that promote psychological safety How to give and receive feedback safely Inclusive decision-making and respectful challenge Recognising and rewarding candour and contribution Module 6: Leading with Psychological Safety Coaching conversations and active listening Managing difficult conversations and underperformance safely Supporting neurodiverse or marginalised voices Sustaining safety under pressure and during change Delivery Style Facilitated discussions and group work Role plays, reflection activities, and real-life scenarios Peer learning and action planning Optional pre-work or post-session surveys Course Materials Provided Participant workbook Psychological safety assessment toolkit Conversation starter guide Leadership checklist for building safety Personal and team action plan Optional Add-ons Team psychological safety assessments (anonymous survey) Post-course coaching or leadership debrief Co-delivery with DEI (Diversity, Equity & Inclusion) workshops Integration with feedback or team development programs

An instructor-led leadership learning programme based on emotional intelligence and social neuroscience, designed to boost leadership 'PowerSkills.' A practical programme that provides leaders with a learning journey that equips them with the tools and techniques to connect, empathise, communicate effectively, build employee engagement and influence.

This course aims to increase and enhance delegates’ understanding of the various cyber threats which impact upon them and the organisations, sectors and regions in which they operate and provide them with the tools necessary to mitigate those threats at both a personal and organisational level. It assumes no prior knowledge of the subject but ensures through a high level of interactivity that delegates with any level of experience in the field will be able share and receive the collective knowledge of the group.