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Package Details: Number of Courses: 30 Courses Accreditation: CPD Quality Standards Free Certificates:PDF: 30Hardcopy: 30 (Delivery Charge Applicable) Courses Access: Lifetime Instalment Payment Available Affiliate and Digital Marketing Course 01: Affiliate Marketing Course 02: Digital Marketing - Growth Hacking Techniques Course 03: Digital Marketing and Advertising Level 3 Course 04: Lead Generation with Attraction Marketing for Business Social Media Marketing Development Course 01: Social Media Training Course 02: LinkedIn & Sales Lead Generation Blueprint Course 03: TikTok for Business Course 04: Facebook Course 05: Instagram Course 06: Property Course 07: Pinterest Course 08: Youtube Course 09: Visual Merchandising Marketing Content and Writing Skills Course 01: Content Management Course 02: Content Writing & Copy Writing For SEO and Sales Course 03: Email Content Writing Course 04: Professional Email Marketing Diploma Marketing Fundamental and Planning Course 01: Fundamentals Course 03: Strategic Planning and Analysis Course 04: Webinar Funnel Course 05: Sales & Selling Management Course Communication and Creative Business Skills Course 01: Secrets of Successful Sales Course 02: Sales Negotiation Training Course 03: Telesales Executive Training Course 04: Customer Relationship Management Course 05: Personal and Networking Skills Course 06: Effective Communication Skills Diploma Course 07: Creativity and Problem Solving Skills Course 07: Negotiation Essential Skills - Level 3 Benefits you'll get from choosing Apex Learning for this training: Pay once and get lifetime access to 30 CPD courses Free e-Learning App for engaging reading materials & helpful assistance Certificates, student ID included in a one-time fee Free up your time - don't waste time and money travelling for classes Accessible, informative modules designed by expert instructors Learn anytime, from anywhere Study from your computer, tablet or mobile device CPD accredited course - improve the chance of gaining professional skills CPD 310 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this bundle including- Students Graduates Job Seekers Job Holders Requirements This training is fully compatible with PCs, Macs, laptops, tablets and Smartphone devices. This course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones, so you can access your course on Wi-Fi, 3G or 4G.

Are you poised to make a mark in the ever-evolving landscape of business marketing? Do you aspire to propel your brand to new heights, tapping into the potential of transformative marketing techniques? Dive into our meticulously crafted Business Marketing bundle, packed with 20 insightful courses to fast-track your aspirations. From the essentials of Business Management, Business Studies, and Business Law, to the nuanced techniques of Digital Marketing and Affiliate Marketing, and even the science of Data Analysis in Excel - this bundle is your blueprint for success. Bolster your knowledge with the strategies behind Lead Generation, master the art of Time Management, and foster lasting relationships through our Diploma in Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Every step you take within this comprehensive course reinforces your grasp on business marketing. The twenty courses are: Business Management Business Studies Business Law Business Intelligence Analyst Business Performance Management Project Management Marketing Marketing Strategies for Business Marketing Secrets for High Sales Lead Generation with Attraction Marketing for Business Sales Skills Creating Highly Profitable Sales Funnels How To Build Sales Funnels With ClickFunnels Social Media Marketing Course - The Step by Step Guide Digital Marketing: The Ultimate Guide to Strategic Marketing Affiliate Marketing Passive Income Made Easy Diploma in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Data Analysis and Forecasting in Excel Time Management Training - Online Course Decision Making and Critical Thinking Learning Outcomes Acquire foundational knowledge in business operations, including management, law, and performance metrics. Understand and implement effective marketing strategies to boost sales and brand visibility. Cultivate advanced sales skills and create robust sales funnels for maximum revenue generation. Navigate the digital realm with expertise in social media and affiliate marketing techniques. Harness the power of data to make informed decisions and predict market trends. Develop critical thinking abilities and make strategic decisions based on thorough analysis. Embark on a transformative journey through the dynamic realm of business marketing. The first ten courses provide an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of business - from the intricacies of Business Intelligence Analysis to the strategic aspects of Project Management. The latter half of the bundle unveils the secrets of successful marketing. Whether it's mastering Lead Generation with Attraction Marketing, decoding the strategies behind high sales, or comprehending the facets of Digital Marketing and Social Media Marketing, the course provides holistic coverage. In addition, the module on Time Management equips learners with strategies to maximise productivity, while Decision Making and Critical Thinking fosters a methodical approach to challenges. Our Business Marketing bundle isn't merely about knowledge acquisition; it's about applying these learnings for results. And as the world becomes increasingly digital, the courses on Sales Funnels, Digital and Social Media Marketing become indispensable for anyone wishing to remain at the forefront of the business marketing domain. CPD 200 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking a foundational understanding of business marketing. Professionals aiming to transition into roles with a focus on marketing and sales. Students of business studies keen on augmenting their academic knowledge. Individuals keen on mastering digital marketing techniques. Professionals seeking insights into data analysis, decision-making, and relationship management. Career path Business Manager - £30K to £55K/year. Marketing Manager - £35K to £60K/year. Sales Director - £50K to £80K/year. Digital Marketing Specialist - £25K to £45K/year. Business Intelligence Analyst - £27K to £52K/year. Customer Relationship Manager (CRM) - £28K to £53K/year. Affiliate Marketing Manager - £30K to £56K/year. Certificates CPD Certificate Of Completion Digital certificate - Included 20 Digital Certificates Are Included With This Bundle CPD Quality Standard Hardcopy Certificate (FREE UK Delivery) Hard copy certificate - £9.99 Hardcopy Transcript - £9.99

QLS Level 5 Course | FREE QLS Hard Copy Certificate | FREE 5 Career Guided CPD Courses & PDF Certificates | Tutor Aid

Let's learn the basic concepts for developing chatbots with machine learning models. This compact course will help you learn to use the power of Python to evaluate your chatbot datasets based on conversational notes, online resources, and websites. Garner hands-on practice in text generation with Python for chatbot development.

The complete online marketing and advertising course cover step-by-step instructions for fruitful and meaningful online advertising. You will discover the pro techniques from Professor Paul Cline and Sandor Kiss.  Many lose themselves in the ever-growing online marketing and advertising arena. It's imperative to gain the key skills to be massively successful. With the proper techniques and tools, your potential for a good income is limitless. Have you heard of sales funnels? Yes, it's a key concept in online marketing and advertising too. Learn to engage, attract and encourage your customers to take action. Discover the art of lead generation and the importance of attracting and retaining customers. The door to your future success in the online marketing and advertising industry opens here. What you'll learn How To Build An Amazing Income Generating Funnel That SELLS! The RIGHT Way To Do Online Advertising ... Like The Pros Do How To Advertise Effectively On Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google & How To Do Banner Ads Learn How The MARKETING PROS Do 'Lead Generation' To Get a Flood Of New Customers, Sales & Build Their Email List! How To Get The BEST Results from YOUR Online Advertising ... To BOOST Profits Learn How The PROS Build Huge Customer Bases & Massive Sales ... How They REALLY Drive Traffic & Make Money (NOT Some Silly System That Sounds Good ... But Doesn't Work!) Why You Should Choose 'Complete Online Marketing & Advertising Course' Access from all types of devices with internet access and optimum screen size 2.5 hours of video lessons A CPD-accredited certificate of completion Opportunity to download PDF certification promptly after successful completion of the course. Mastering the art of online advertising Obtaining the skills for creating an effective sales funnel Gaining insights into the practices of Pro advertisers Learning how to build a huge customer base and maximize sales online Who is this course for? The course is designed for internet marketers, business owners, online entrepreneurs, sales executives, internet influencers and online marketing enthusiasts. Requirements Basic Internet Connection Career Path For online entrepreneurs, the course will cover all the core aspects of online sales generation using online marketing and advertising strategies on different platforms. For expanding your business online and generating sales using organic and paid media, you need to know the principles of online marketing and formulating your sales funnel.  Funnel Building For Massive Profits Intro to Funnel Building FREE 00:01:00 Funnel Building - Part 1 FREE 00:04:00 Funnel Building - Part 2 00:07:00 Funnel Building - Part 3 00:09:00 Lead Generation, Traffic & List Building Intro To Lead Generation 00:01:00 Lead Gen - Lead Magnets 00:04:00 Lead Gen - Landing Pages 00:02:00 Lead Gen - Getting Traffic 00:05:00 LinkedIn Advertising Intro to LinkedIn Advertising 00:01:00 LinkedIn Ads - Campaign Manager 00:07:00 LinkedIn Ads - Creating ADS that SELL - Part 1 00:08:00 LinkedIn Ads - Creating ADS that SELL - Part 2 00:04:00 How To Do Banner Advertising Intro to Banner Ads 00:01:00 Banner Ads - Designing The Ad 00:04:00 Banner Ads - Ad Campaign Goals 00:05:00 Banner Ads - Setting Up & Running Campaigns 00:12:00 Twitter Ads For Fun & Profit Intro To Twitter Timeline Ads 00:01:00 Twitter Ads - Campaign Objects & Details 00:08:00 Twitter Ads - Ad Groups & Targeting 00:06:00 Twitter Ads - Creating The Ad & Launching 00:04:00 Make Profits With Facebook Ads Intro to Facebook Newsfeed Ads 00:01:00 Facebook Ads - Marketing Objectives 00:05:00 Facebook Ads - Ad Targeting & Budgeting 00:11:00 Facebook Ads - Creating The Ad 00:10:00 Search Ads - For Massive Profits Intro To Search Ads 00:01:00 Search Ads - Marketing Objectives 00:05:00 Search Ads - Ad - Groups & Keywords 00:06:00 Search Ads - Creating & Monitoring Ads 00:05:00

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This 3 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course highlights the impact of the introduction of renewable energy, digital technologies and new operational flexibility solutions in the electricity trading market. These advancements facilitate unique opportunities and challenges for cross border trading of electricity. Most countries in Asia, have designed their own portfolio of climate actions with an accelerated penetration of renewable energy (or by importing renewable energy into their local grids). These changes are taking place at unprecedented speed and add further complexity to the operation of electricity trading markets, while presenting new opportunities. The Asian market, can tap into its vast potential of solar, wind and geothermal energy sources. A global, unified vision is emerging to support each of countries' energy needs and decarbonization goals. This VILT course will highlight priorities of each country to achieve its energy goals. The main operational flexibilities of each type of renewable resource are discussed in detail. The course also discusses the main components of Power Purchase Agreements and advancements in digitalization and how digital technologies can influence the energy market and cross border electricity trading. Key Takeaways: New Energy Market Design Cross Border Trading PPAs Mechanisms and Examples of PPAs The Increased Penetration of Renewable Resources in the Power Systems and How It Stimulates Cross Border Trading How Digital Innovation Drives Energy Markets and Cross Border Trading Training Objectives Upon completion of this VILT course, participants will be able to: Be familiar with the global vision of One Sun, One World, One Grid Understand the major trends reshaping the energy markets Learn how innovative digital technologies change the energy markets Understand why sustainable energy markets require a tighter coordination between transmission and distribution system operators Engage with each other to design the energy market of the future Target Audience This VILT course will benefit policy makers and regulators from energy agencies, transmission companies and utilities as well as power system engineers and power system operators from control centre and ISO. Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 3 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Course Duration: 3 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (12 hours in total). Trainer Your expert course leader is a Utility Executive with extensive global experience in power system operation and planning, energy markets, enterprise risk and regulatory oversight. She consults on energy markets integrating renewable resources from planning to operation. She led complex projects in operations and conducted long term planning studies to support planning and operational reliability standards. Specializing in Smart Grids, Operational flexibilities, Renewable generation, Reliability, Financial Engineering, Energy Markets and Power System Integration, she was recently engaged by the Inter-American Development Bank/MHI in Guyana. She was the Operations Expert in the regulatory assessment in Oman. She is a registered member of the Professional Engineers of Ontario, Canada. She is also a contributing member to the IEEE Standards Association, WG Blockchain P2418.5. With over 25 years with Ontario Power Generation (Revenue $1.2 Billion CAD, I/S 16 GW), she served as Canadian representative in CIGRE, committee member in NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada), and Senior Member IEEE and Elsevier since the 90ties. Our key expert chaired international conferences, lectured on several continents, published a book on Reliability and Security of Nuclear Power Plants, contributed to IEEE and PMAPS and published in the Ontario Journal for Public Policy, Canada. She delivered seminars organized by the Power Engineering Society, IEEE plus seminars to power companies worldwide, including Oman, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Portugal, South Africa, Japan, Romania, and Guyana. Our Key expert delivered over 60 specialized seminars to executives and engineers from Canada, Europe, South and North America, Middle East, South East Asia and Japan. Few examples are: Modern Power System in Digital Utilities - The Energy Commission, Malaysia and utilities in the Middle East, GCCIA, June 2020 Assessment of OETC Control Centre, Oman, December 2019 Demand Side management, Load Forecasting in a Smart Grid, Oman, 2019 Renewable Resources in a Smart Grid (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, GCCIA, Saudi Arabia) The Modern Power System: Impact of the Power Electronics on the Power System The Digital Utility, AI and Blockchain Smart Grid and Reliability of Distribution Systems, Cyme, Montreal, Canada Economic Dispatch in the context of an Energy Market (TNB, Sarawak Energy, Malaysia) Energy Markets, Risk Assessment and Financial Management, PES, IEEE: Chicago, San Francisco, New York, Portugal, South Africa, Japan. Provided training at CEO and CRO level. Enterprise Risk methodology, EDP, Portugal Energy Markets: Saudi Electricity Company, Tenaga National Berhad, Malaysia Reliability Centre Maintenance (South East Asia, Saudi Electricity Company, KSA) EUSN, ENERGY & UTILITIES SECTOR NETWORK, Government of Canada, 2016 Connected+, IOT, Toronto, Canada September 2016 and 2015 Smart Grid, Smart Home HomeConnect, Toronto, Canada November 2014 Wind Power: a Cautionary Tale, Ontario Centre for Public Policy, 2010 POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Become a successful telesales executive with our comprehensive course. Learn proven sales techniques, strategies, and etiquette. Boost your earning potential and build a rewarding career in sales.

Duration 1 Days 6 CPD hours This course is intended for The Azure AI Fundamentals course is designed for anyone interested in learning about the types of solution artificial intelligence (AI) makes possible, and the services on Microsoft Azure that you can use to create them. You don?t need to have any experience of using Microsoft Azure before taking this course, but a basic level of familiarity with computer technology and the Internet is assumed. Some of the concepts covered in the course require a basic understanding of mathematics, such as the ability to interpret charts. The course includes hands-on activities that involve working with data and running code, so a knowledge of fundamental programming principles will be helpful. This course introduces fundamentals concepts related to artificial intelligence (AI), and the services in Microsoft Azure that can be used to create AI solutions. The course is not designed to teach students to become professional data scientists or software developers, but rather to build awareness of common AI workloads and the ability to identify Azure services to support them. Prerequisites Prerequisite certification is not required before taking this course. Successful Azure AI Fundamental students start with some basic awareness of computing and internet concepts, and an interest in using Azure AI services. Specifically: Experience using computers and the internet. Interest in use cases for AI applications and machine learning models. A willingness to learn through hands-on exp... 1 - Fundamental AI Concepts Understand machine learning Understand computer vision Understand natural language processing Understand document intelligence and knowledge mining Understand generative AI Challenges and risks with AI Understand Responsible AI 2 - Fundamentals of machine learning What is machine learning? Types of machine learning Regression Binary classification Multiclass classification Clustering Deep learning Azure Machine Learning 3 - Fundamentals of Azure AI services AI services on the Azure platform Create Azure AI service resources Use Azure AI services Understand authentication for Azure AI services 4 - Fundamentals of Computer Vision Images and image processing Machine learning for computer vision Azure AI Vision 5 - Fundamentals of Facial Recognition Understand Face analysis Get started with Face analysis on Azure 6 - Fundamentals of optical character recognition Get started with Vision Studio on Azure 7 - Fundamentals of Text Analysis with the Language Service Understand Text Analytics Get started with text analysis 8 - Fundamentals of question answering with the Language Service Understand question answering Get started with the Language service and Azure Bot Service 9 - Fundamentals of conversational language understanding Describe conversational language understanding Get started with conversational language understanding in Azure 10 - Fundamentals of Azure AI Speech Understand speech recognition and synthesis Get started with speech on Azure 11 - Fundamentals of Azure AI Document Intelligence Explore capabilities of document intelligence Get started with receipt analysis on Azure 12 - Fundamentals of Knowledge Mining with Azure Cognitive Search What is Azure Cognitive Search? Identify elements of a search solution Use a skillset to define an enrichment pipeline Understand indexes Use an indexer to build an index Persist enriched data in a knowledge store Create an index in the Azure portal Query data in an Azure Cognitive Search index 13 - Fundamentals of Generative AI What is generative AI? Large language models What is Azure OpenAI? What are copilots? Improve generative AI responses with prompt engineering 14 - Fundamentals of Azure OpenAI Service What is generative AI Describe Azure OpenAI How to use Azure OpenAI Understand OpenAI's natural language capabilities Understand OpenAI code generation capabilities Understand OpenAI's image generation capabilities Describe Azure OpenAI's access and responsible AI policies 15 - Fundamentals of Responsible Generative AI Plan a responsible generative AI solution Identify potential harms Measure potential harms Mitigate potential harms Operate a responsible generative AI solution Additional course details: Nexus Humans AI-900T00 - Microsoft Azure AI Fundamentals training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the AI-900T00 - Microsoft Azure AI Fundamentals course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Are you part of the Marketing, Sales or Advertising industry? Are you utilizing the most recent innovations specifically Smartphone advertising? If yes, then this course will be perfect for you to learn more about it! Description: The smartphone is one of the fastest growing technologies in this modern age. Also, mobile phones are always used in advertising device because most people own smartphones. In this course, you will be introduced to Smartphone advertising and how next generation phones are a great advertising medium. You will be learning how the new generation of wireless can help you in your advertising and marketing needs. Moreover, you will know how to use the hottest applications for you to benefit from it and learn how to make your own. Who is the course for? Employees of the business industry and other businessmen who want to learn how to become profitable through Smartphone Advertising People who have an interest in Smartphone Advertising and how to effectively market to their potential clients. Entry Requirement: This course is available to all learners, of all academic backgrounds. Learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. Good understanding of English language, numeracy and ICT are required to attend this course. Assessment:  At the end of the course, you will be required to sit an online multiple-choice test. Your test will be assessed automatically and immediately so that you will instantly know whether you have been successful. Before sitting for your final exam you will have the opportunity to test your proficiency with a mock exam. Certification: After you have successfully passed the test, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. You can however also obtain a Course Completion Certificate following the course completion without sitting for the test. Certificates can be obtained either in hard copy at a cost of £39 or in PDF format at a cost of £24. PDF certificate's turnaround time is 24 hours and for the hardcopy certificate, it is 3-9 working days. Why choose us? Affordable, engaging & high-quality e-learning study materials; Tutorial videos/materials from the industry leading experts; Study in a user-friendly, advanced online learning platform; Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result; The UK & internationally recognised accredited qualification; Access to course content on mobile, tablet or desktop from anywhere anytime; The benefit of career advancement opportunities; 24/7 student support via email. Career Path: The Diploma in Smart Phone Advertising Course is a useful qualification to possess, and would be beneficial for the following careers: Businessman Marketing and Promotions Specialists Marketing Managers Product Creators Sales Managers Sales and Promotions Specialists Top Executives. Module 1: Smart Phone as Advertising Tool INTRODUCTION 00:15:00 HOW NEXT GENERATION PHONES ARE GREAT ADVERTISING TOOLS 00:30:00 THE NEW GENERATION OF WIRELESS DEVICES 02:00:00 BUSINESS SECTOR USERS AND THEIR WIRELESS DEVICES 00:30:00 THE BEST PROCESS OF APPLICATION TO YOUR ADVERTISING ADVANTAGE 01:30:00 CREATING YOUR OWN APPLICATIONS 01:00:00 CONCLUSION 00:15:00 Module 2: Mobile Marketing Introduction 00:30:00 Dominate Local Market with Mobile Marketing 00:30:00 Mobile Marketing Is Going Web 02:00:00 Effective Mobile Advertising 00:30:00 List Building with Mobile Marketing 02:00:00 The Surefire Success Mobile Marketing Campaign 00:30:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam- Diploma in Smart Phone Advertising 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam- Diploma in Smart Phone Advertising 00:20:00 Order Your Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

Essential optical transmission course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for fibre networks. The course aims to demystify the technologies involved by explaining all the buzzwords used in optical transmission. What will you learn Describe various optical transmission technologies. Explain how SDH and OTN work. Explain how WDM, CWDM and DWDM work. Explain PON, GPON and GEPON. Essential optical transmission course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Essential optical transmission course contents Transmission basics nsmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. Fibre transmission Fibre vs copper, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. OTN G.709, OTN interface structure, Optical transport modules, ONNI, OCh, OUT, ODU, OPU. G.709 amendments. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. FTTx Fibre installation and air blown fibre, FTTH, FTTC, FTTN, FTTD, FFTH topologies and wavelengths, active or passive optical network. PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), XG-PON, Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play.