2528 Decision Making courses in Aveley delivered Online

Understanding the complexities of addiction and substance abuse is essential in today’s educational environment. This course provides a clear and insightful exploration into the nature of drug and alcohol misuse, focusing specifically on how these issues impact schools and workplaces. Participants will gain a thorough understanding of addiction, recognising the signs and consequences of substance misuse, alongside effective strategies for raising awareness and prevention. The course carefully examines the social and legal landscape surrounding substance abuse in the UK, providing crucial knowledge that supports informed decision-making and responsible action. Designed for educators, school staff, and anyone involved in child welfare or workplace wellbeing, this course offers essential information about treatment options and the legal implications tied to addiction. It delves into the ongoing legacy of addiction and its wider effects on individuals and communities, ensuring learners are equipped with up-to-date insights. Delivered entirely online, this course offers the flexibility to learn at one’s own pace without the need for physical attendance, making it accessible and convenient while maintaining professional standards. Key Features: CPD Certified Instant e-certificate Fully online, interactive course with audio voiceover Developed by professionals in the field Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Through Seven sessions, learn about the complexity associated with substance abuse and addiction. Start by learning about the causes of addiction and how it affects society. Examine drug and alcohol abuse, as well as preventative measures. Examine the consequences as you delve into the relationship between addiction and the job. Find out what choices there are for recovering from substance abuse and receiving treatment. Finally, ensure compliance and help by navigating the UK's legal landscape surrounding addiction. This extensive programme offers perspectives and information that are critical for treating addiction and fostering better communities. Curriculum: Module 01: Understanding Addiction and Substance Abuse Module 02: Misuse of Drugs and Alcohol Module 03: Raising Awareness of Addiction and Prevention Module 04: Drug and Alcohol Abuse in the Workplace Module 05: Treatment for Substance Addiction and Dependence Module 06: UK Laws and the Legacy of Addiction Learning Outcomes: Understand addiction causes and effects for informed intervention strategies. Identify societal impacts of drug and alcohol misuse for community awareness. Implement prevention strategies to combat substance abuse effectively. Recognize workplace implications of addiction for organizational support systems. Evaluate treatment options to facilitate recovery from substance dependence. Navigate UK laws concerning addiction, ensuring compliance and support. Course Assessment You will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test upon completing an online module. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Certificate Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Educators seeking insights into addressing substance abuse among students. Healthcare professionals aiming to enhance their understanding of addiction. HR professionals interested in creating supportive workplace environments. Law enforcement personnel seeking knowledge on addiction-related legislation. Social workers dedicated to assisting individuals struggling with substance abuse. Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path Substance Abuse Counsellor Addiction Support Worker Drug and Alcohol Outreach Worker Rehabilitation Coordinator Community Health Worker Legal Advocate Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

The Business Support Manager Course is designed to equip aspiring managers with a robust understanding of essential business functions and strategic management principles. Covering key areas such as financial reporting, budgeting, risk management, and investment planning, this course offers a detailed exploration of business processes and decision-making tools. It delves into critical topics including stakeholder analysis, supply chain management, and project oversight, preparing learners to navigate the complexities of modern business environments confidently. Beyond finance and operations, the course addresses communication skills, negotiation techniques, marketing fundamentals, and corporate governance, ensuring a well-rounded managerial perspective. With an emphasis on strategy formulation and implementation, alongside business law and consumer protection, learners gain the knowledge to contribute effectively to organisational growth. Whether you aim to sharpen your administrative capabilities or develop strategic insight, this course presents a structured pathway to broaden your managerial expertise while aligning with current business demands. Key Benefits Accredited by CPD Instant e-certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Curriculum Module 01: Accounting Concepts and Standards Module 02: Balance Sheet Module 03: Income statement Module 04: Financial statements Module 05: Cash Flow Statements Module 06: Understanding Profit and Loss Statement Module 07: Financial Budgeting and Planning Module 08: Introduction to Finance Module 09: Essential Skill for Financial Advisor Module 10: Financial Planning Module 11: Financial Risk Management and Assessment Module 12: Investment Planning Module 13: Business Processes Module 14: Ratio Analysis Module 15: Planning & Forecasting Operations Module 16: Ten Common Statistical Mistakes Module 17: Needs Assessment Module 18: Business Analysis Planning Module 19: Strategy Analysis Module 20: Stakeholder Analysis Module 21: Business Development and Succession Planning Module 22: Process Management Module 23: Supply Chain Management Module 24: Procurement & Purchasing Management Module 25: Project Management Module 26: Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring Module 27: Strategic Analysis and Product Scope Module 28: Quality Management Module 29: Negotiation Techniques Module 30: Communication Skills Module 31: Skills of an Effective Administrator Module 32: What is Marketing? Module 33: Common Marketing Types (I) Module 34: Common Marketing Types (II) Module 35: Business Etiquette Module 36: Introduction to Strategic Management Business Module 37: Corporate Governance Module 38: Industry Analysis Module 39: Strategy Formulation Module 40: Strategy Implementation Module 41: Building a Brand Module 42: Generating Success from the Customer Relationship Module 43: Understanding Business Law Module 44: Contract & Business Law Module 45: Consumer Law and Protection Module 46: Introduction to Human Resources Module 47: Business Proposal Writing Module 48: The Market System and the Circular Flow Model Module 49: Supply, Demand and Prices Module 50: Market Structure: Perfect Competition vs Monopoly Course Assessment You will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test upon completing an online module. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Certificate Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? The Business Support Manager training is ideal for highly motivated individuals or teams who want to enhance their skills and efficiently skilled employees. Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path Learn the essential skills and knowledge you need to excel in your professional life with the help & guidance from our Business Support Manager training. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - Included

Effective reporting in child protection cases is not simply about recording facts; it is about presenting information in a clear, accurate, and structured manner that supports the safeguarding process. This course is designed to guide learners through the principles of creating well-organised reports that meet professional standards and stand up to scrutiny. By focusing on accuracy, clarity, and detail, it ensures that each report becomes a reliable tool for decision-making in sensitive safeguarding situations. Learners will explore proven approaches to documenting incidents, observations, and actions in a way that is both concise and legally robust. The course highlights the importance of neutrality, avoiding assumptions, and maintaining a professional tone throughout the reporting process. From structuring key sections to using precise language, participants will gain the insight needed to produce reports that convey essential information to relevant authorities with confidence. This training is ideal for anyone involved in safeguarding responsibilities who wishes to strengthen their reporting skills and contribute effectively to the protection and welfare of children. Learning Outcomes: Understand the fundamental principles of safeguarding children Identify and assess different types of child abuse Gain knowledge of the laws and guidelines surrounding Safeguarding children Develop effective strategies for responding to disclosure and reporting Acquire skills in risk assessment and management Learn the importance of accurate and thorough record-keeping in Safeguarding children's cases In the UK, it is essential for individuals to learn about effective reporting in Safeguarding children cases due to the alarming statistics surrounding child abuse and neglect. With approximately 700,000 children in the UK at risk, it is crucial for people to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to identify and respond to such cases. By learning about Safeguarding children, individuals can fulfil their legal obligations and actively contribute to creating a safer environment for children across the country. Through impactful intervention and timely reporting, individuals can make a tangible difference in the lives of abused or neglected children, providing them with the necessary support and protection they urgently need. Unlock the secrets to safeguarding children with our Effective Reporting in Child Protection Cases course. We'll guide you through the laws and guidelines to ensure you possess the knowledge needed to make a difference in safeguarding children's lives. Join us on this transformative journey as we equip you with the expertise needed to make a positive impact on safeguarding children. Enrol now and become an invaluable asset in protecting the well-being of vulnerable children. Certification Upon course completion, you're eligible for a FREE certificate titled Safeguarding Children - Level 2 | Online Course in PDF or hardcopy format. The PDF certificate will be sent to your registered email without any cost. For hardcopies, the UK delivery fee is £3.99 and the International delivery fee is £10. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Professionals in child protection and social services Educators and school staff involved in safeguarding Law enforcement and legal professionals Healthcare providers working with Safeguarding children Individuals seeking to make a difference in safeguarding children Career path Child Protection Officer: £28,000 - £40,000 per annum Social Worker (Child Protection): £30,000 - £45,000 per annum Safeguarding Advisor: £32,000 - £50,000 per annum Child and Family Support Worker: £22,000 - £30,000 per annum Legal Advocate (Child Protection Cases): £25,000 - £35,000 per annum Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Hardcopy Certificate (UK Delivery): For those who wish to have a physical token of their achievement, we offer a high-quality, printed certificate. This hardcopy certificate is also provided free of charge. However, please note that delivery fees apply. If your shipping address is within the United Kingdom, the delivery fee will be only £3.99. Hardcopy Certificate (International Delivery): For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10.

Have you ever wondered how what you eat affects your health? Nutrition has a direct impact on overall health and well-being. Course description Nutrition plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being. What we eat directly affects our physical and mental health. Poor nutrition increases the risk of developing chronic diseases. These conditions can significantly impact quality of life and work productivity. An unhealthy diet can also negatively affect mental health. Nutrition focuses on understanding how different nutrients contribute to our well-being. Who is the course for? In today’s fast-paced world, the health and well-being of employees have become paramount. Among various wellness initiatives, nutrition plays a crucial role in shaping workplace health. A balanced diet can boost cognitive functions, leading to better decision-making, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. Good nutrition strengthens the immune system, reducing the frequency of sickness-related absences. What's the value of this course? When companies invest in their employees’ health, it demonstrates care and respect, fostering a positive work environment. Promoting nutrition awareness in the workplace is essential for employee well-being and productivity.

Microsoft Project 2021 is a complete lifecycle project management tool that manages complex projects efficiently. This all-encompassing course molds you into an expert in project management with fundamentals to advanced techniques to handle projects of all sizes and gain confidence and proficiency in project planning, execution, and reporting.

Navigating the intricate landscape of office politics is an essential skill for managers aiming to foster positive workplace dynamics and advance their projects effectively. This course delves into the subtle art of influencing colleagues, understanding diverse personalities, and handling workplace rumours with tact. Managers will explore how to build alliances, gain support, and manage conflicts diplomatically, all while maintaining ethical standards. By mastering these often unspoken rules, managers can confidently steer their teams towards collaborative success and ensure smoother communication within their organisations. Designed with managers in mind, the course covers critical topics such as recognising office personalities, managing social interactions, and participating thoughtfully in events beyond the office walls. It highlights the importance of teamwork and connectivity, reminding managers they are part of a broader network. With clear strategies on addressing gossip, resolving disputes, and ethical decision-making, this course equips managers to create a balanced and respectful environment, improving overall morale and productivity. Enroll now to gain comprehensive knowledge and mastery in navigating the intricate realm of office politics. Key Features CPD Accredited Office Politics for Managers Course FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive Office Politics course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum of Office Politics for Managers Lesson 01 :New Hires Lesson 02 :It's About Interacting and Influencing Lesson 03 :Dealing with Rumors, Gossip, and Half - Truths Lesson 04 :Office Personalities Lesson 05 :Office Personalities Lesson 06: Getting Support for Your Projects Lesson 07:Conflict Resolution Lesson 08:Ethics Lesson 09:You Are Not an Island Lesson 10:Social Events Outside of Work Learning Outcomes: Master effective interaction and influence techniques for seamless teamwork. Tackle rumours, gossip, and half-truths with diplomacy and tact. Identify and navigate various office personalities for smoother collaboration. Strategically garner support for your projects within the organizational framework. Resolve conflicts through ethical and constructive approaches. Extend your professional network beyond the office through social events. Accreditation All of our courses are fully accredited, including this Office Politics for Managers Course, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in Office Politics . Certification Once you've successfully completed your Office Politics for Managers Course, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Our Office Politics for Managers Course certification has no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Office Politics for Managers Course can be taken by anyone who wants to understand more about the topic. With the aid of this course, you will be able to grasp the fundamental knowledge and ideas. Additionally, this Office Politics for Managers Course is ideal for: Experienced managers seeking advanced interpersonal skills. Team leaders aiming to foster a harmonious work environment. Professionals looking to enhance their influence within the workplace. HR personnel interested in conflict resolution strategies. New managers navigating the intricacies of office dynamics. Aspiring leaders eager to build a strong professional network. Requirements Learners do not require any prior qualifications to enrol on this Office Politics for Managers Course. You just need to have an interest in Office Politics for Managers Course. Career path After completing this Office Politics for Managers Course you will have a variety of careers to choose from. The following job sectors of Office Politics for Managers Course are: Human Resources Manager - £30K to 60K/year. Business Development Manager - £25K to 70K/year. Marketing Manager - £25K to 60K/year. Project Manager - £30K to 65K/year. Operations Manager - £30K to 65K/year. Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Learn essential vaccine principles, types, safety protocols, and communication strategies with our Vaccination Training course. Perfect for healthcare professionals and public health practitioners, this comprehensive course equips you to effectively manage vaccination tasks and address public health challenges, including pandemics.

AI is no longer a distant concept—it’s here, it’s evolving fast, and Python is the language fuelling much of its momentum. Whether you’re curious about machine learning, neural networks, or automation, this course offers a sharp and structured approach to understanding artificial intelligence using Python. From foundational concepts to intelligent algorithm design, you'll gain a clear insight into how machines simulate thought and decision-making. Ideal for those who want to stay ahead of the tech curve, this course unpacks Python-based AI with clarity and a touch of dry charm. You won’t need to decipher jargon or get tangled in theory-heavy lectures. Instead, you’ll find logic, code, and clever explanations that speak to learners who value smart learning over flashiness. AI with Python might sound complex, but once you've seen it broken down our way, it’ll feel like you’ve learned to speak the language of the future. Learning Outcomes: Develop an understanding of the principles and practices of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Learn effective strategies for detecting patterns and natural language processing Develop analytical skills for creating AI models and programs Understand Python programming language and its applications in AI Be able to make informed decisions and navigate the complex and dynamic world of AI The "Learn AI with Python" course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles and practices that underpin successful AI programming. Through engaging modules and real-world case studies, learners will gain insights into the basics of AI, advanced techniques for detecting patterns and natural language processing, and effective strategies for creating AI models and programs using Python programming language. By the end of the course, learners will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions and navigate the complex and dynamic world of AI. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced programmer, this course is a must-have for anyone interested in the world of AI. Learn AI with Python Course Curriculum Section 01: Introduction Section 02: Class Imbalance and Grid Search Section 03: Adaboost Regressor Section 04: Detecting patterns with Unsupervised Learning Section 05: Affinity Propagation Model Section 06: Clustering Quality Section 07: Gaussian Mixture Model Section 08: Classifiers Section 09: Logic Programming Section 10: Heuristic Search Section 11: Natural Language Processing How is the course assessed? Upon completing an online module, you will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Exam & Retakes: It is to inform our learners that the initial exam for this online course is provided at no additional cost. In the event of needing a retake, a nominal fee of £9.99 will be applicable. Certification Upon successful completion of the assessment procedure, learners can obtain their certification by placing an order and remitting a fee of __ GBP. £9 for PDF Certificate and £15 for the Hardcopy Certificate within the UK ( An additional £10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Programmers looking to enhance their AI skills Business professionals interested in AI applications Computer science students interested in AI Entrepreneurs looking to incorporate AI into their products or services Anyone interested in gaining a comprehensive understanding of AI and its applications Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path AI Programmer: £30,000 - £70,000 per year Data Scientist: £30,000 - £80,000 per year Machine Learning Engineer: £35,000 - £90,000 per year AI Researcher: £40,000 - £100,000 per year Software Developer: £25,000 - £70,000 per year Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - £9 You can apply for a CPD Accredited PDF Certificate at the cost of £9. Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - £15 Hard copy can be sent to you via post at the expense of £15.

Step into the intricate world of artificial neural networks with a course that sheds light on one of the most dynamic branches of deep learning. Designed for those keen to explore the structure, function and logic behind intelligent systems, this course blends academic insight with a clear, structured approach to the evolving digital frontier. From perceptrons to multilayer networks, it offers a layered understanding of how machines mimic the human brain’s decision-making process — minus the caffeine and existential crises. Whether you're sharpening your knowledge or stepping into the field with curiosity, this course provides a sharp focus on the core principles that power technologies like image recognition, voice synthesis and predictive modelling. Delivered in an accessible format, it caters to learners who want depth without the fluff, logic without the waffle, and progress without the guesswork. Neural networks may be artificial — but your understanding of them won’t be. Learning Outcomes: Gain a solid understanding of artificial neural networks and their applications in deep learning. Learn how to install the necessary packages and preprocess data for neural network training. Discover how to encode data and build your own artificial neural network using Python. Understand the steps involved in making predictions using your neural network model. Learn how to deal with imbalanced data in your neural network training. The Project on Deep Learning - Artificial Neural Network course is designed to provide you with the skills and knowledge you need to build your own neural network and perform complex tasks using deep learning. You'll learn how to install the necessary packages, preprocess data, and encode data for neural network training. You'll also gain a deeper understanding of artificial neural networks and learn how to build your own model using Python. By the end of the course, you'll be able to make predictions using your neural network model and understand how to deal with imbalanced data in your training. Project on Deep Learning - Artificial Neural Network Course Curriculum Section 01: Introduction Section 02: ANN Installation Section 03: Data Preprocessing Section 04: Data Encoding Section 05: Steps to Build ANN Section 06: Predictions and Imbalance-Learn How is the course assessed? Upon completing an online module, you will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Exam & Retakes: It is to inform our learners that the initial exam for this online course is provided at no additional cost. In the event of needing a retake, a nominal fee of £9.99 will be applicable. Certification Upon successful completion of the assessment procedure, learners can obtain their certification by placing an order and remitting a fee of __ GBP. £9 for PDF Certificate and £15 for the Hardcopy Certificate within the UK ( An additional £10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Data analysts who want to expand their skills in deep learning and artificial neural networks. Programmers who want to learn how to build their own neural network models for advanced tasks. Entrepreneurs who want to develop their own deep learning-based applications. Students who want to enhance their skills in deep learning and prepare for a career in the field. Anyone who wants to explore the world of artificial neural networks and deep learning projects. Career path Data Analyst: £24,000 - £45,000 Machine Learning Engineer: £28,000 - £65,000 Deep Learning Engineer: £30,000 - £75,000 Technical Lead: £40,000 - £90,000 Chief Technology Officer: £90,000 - £250,000 Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - £9 You can apply for a CPD Accredited PDF Certificate at the cost of £9. Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - £15 Hard copy can be sent to you via post at the expense of £15.

In today’s fast-paced environment, mastering personal development and boosting productivity is less of a luxury and more of a necessity. This Level 2 course offers a clear and insightful guide to refining your habits, sharpening your focus, and organising your time with ease. Whether you’re looking to balance multiple priorities or simply want to get more done without the stress, this course breaks down the essential strategies that help you stay on track and motivated. It’s about working smarter, not harder — without any confusing jargon or unrealistic promises. Designed for those who appreciate structure but dislike dull lectures, this course uses straightforward techniques to help you set achievable goals, improve decision-making, and enhance your daily performance. All materials are delivered in an accessible online format, making it a perfect fit for anyone aiming to improve their efficiency from the comfort of their own space. Ready to transform your approach to productivity and personal growth? This course is your friendly, no-nonsense companion. Learning Outcomes: Develop a growth mindset and adopt the 5 keys to success. Overcome mental, physical, and emotional traps that may hinder your success. Identify your goals and design your perfect future using the 5 key elements. Manage your time effectively using practical and advanced time management strategies. Develop the energy and mindset of a super-successful individual. The Personal Development and Productivity Level 2 course is designed to provide you with the tools and knowledge you need to become a super-successful and productive individual. This course covers various aspects of personal development and productivity, from mindset management to goal setting and energy management. You will learn how to develop a growth mindset and adopt the 5 keys to success. You will also learn how to overcome mental, physical, and emotional traps that may hinder your success. Additionally, the course covers practical and advanced time management strategies that will help you manage your time effectively. Furthermore, you will learn how to identify your goals and design your perfect future using the 5 key elements. You will also learn how to change your energy and develop the mindset of a super-successful individual. The course concludes with tips on how to become a superhero and live a fulfilling and productive life. How is the course assessed? Upon completing an online module, you will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Exam & Retakes: It is to inform our learners that the initial exam for this online course is provided at no additional cost. In the event of needing a retake, a nominal fee of £9.99 will be applicable. Certification Upon successful completion of the assessment procedure, learners can obtain their certification by placing an order and remitting a fee of __ GBP. £9 for PDF Certificate and £15 for the Hardcopy Certificate within the UK ( An additional £10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? The course is ideal for highly motivated individuals or teams who want to enhance their professional skills and efficiently skilled employees. Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path The Personal Development and Productivity Level 2 course can be beneficial to individuals in various career paths, including: Managers/Supervisors: £25,000 - £50,000 Sales Professionals: £20,000 - £50,000 Customer Service Representatives: £16,000 - £22,000 Administrative Professionals: £18,000 - £30,000 Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - £9 You can apply for a CPD Accredited PDF Certificate at the cost of £9. Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - £15 Hard copy can be sent to you via post at the expense of £15.