546 Basic courses in Edinburgh

Essential optical transmission course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for fibre networks. The course aims to demystify the technologies involved by explaining all the buzzwords used in optical transmission. What will you learn Describe various optical transmission technologies. Explain how SDH and OTN work. Explain how WDM, CWDM and DWDM work. Explain PON, GPON and GEPON. Essential optical transmission course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Essential optical transmission course contents Transmission basics nsmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. Fibre transmission Fibre vs copper, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. OTN G.709, OTN interface structure, Optical transport modules, ONNI, OCh, OUT, ODU, OPU. G.709 amendments. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. FTTx Fibre installation and air blown fibre, FTTH, FTTC, FTTN, FTTD, FFTH topologies and wavelengths, active or passive optical network. PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), XG-PON, Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play.

Effecting Business Process Improvement: In-House Training Business analysts facilitate the solution of business problems. The solutions are put into practice as changes to the way people perform in their organizations and the tools they use. The business analyst is a change agent who must understand the basic principles of quality management. This course covers the key role that business analysts play in organizational change management. What you will Learn You will learn how to: Define and document a business process Work with various business modeling techniques Perform an enterprise analysis in preparation for determining requirements Analyze business processes to discern problems Foundation Concepts Overview of business analysis and process improvement Defining the business process Introducing the proactive business analyst Focusing on business process improvement for business analysts Launching a Successful Business Process Improvement Project Overview of the launch phase Understanding and creating organizational strategy Selecting the target process Aligning the business process improvement project's goals and objectives with organizational strategy Defining the Current Process Overview of current process phase Documenting the business process Business modeling options: work-flow models Business modeling options: Unified Modeling Language (UML) model adaptations for business processes Analyzing the Current Process Process analysis overview Evaluation: establishing the control group Opportunity techniques: multi-discipline problem-solving Opportunity techniques: matrices Building and Sustaining a Recommended Process Overview of the recommended process and beyond Impact analysis Recommended process Transition to the business case Return to proactive state

About this Training Course This 5 full-day course has been designed to develop skills in understanding the geometry and petrophysical characteristics of carbonate reservoirs. Depositional fabric, grain type and size and subsequent diagenetic modifications are the major controls on carbonate reservoir behaviour. The complex inter-relationship of the depositional and burial history can be unravelled to allow prediction of reservoir facies and reconstruction of three-dimensional reservoir models. This course will demonstrate the value of the reservoir model in volumetric assessment and development of carbonate reservoirs. *Previous knowledge of carbonate sedimentology is not required. Course Content in Summary: Carbonate reservoirs: Basic principles; depositional concepts; grain types; textures and fabrics; environmental reconstruction. The reservoir model - depositional and diagenetic characteristics: Sabkha/tidal flat; lagoon; shelf; reef (rudist and coral/algal); barrier/shoal; slope and redeposited; aeolian and lacustrine; karst plays. Carbonate diagenesis: Primary and secondary porosity; compaction; pressure solution; cementation; dolomitisation; porosity generation and destruction; fractures. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy Log response in carbonate rocks: Gamma; sonic; neutron; density; FMS. Reservoir assessment: Fracture reservoirs; reservoir modelling; volumetric assessment in correlation and mapping; effects of capillary pressure; interface with engineering. Training Objectives By attending this course, participants will be able to: Understand carbonate depositional systems and controls. Recognise and model controls on reservoir quality and pore systems, including diagenesis and fracturing. Understand and apply carbonate seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. Interpret log responses. Target Audience This course is intended for petroleum geologists, explorationists, petrophysicists, geophysicists and engineers involved with exploration of carbonate plays and development of carbonate reservoirs. Trainer Your expert course leader is a Director and Senior Consultant Geologist who has worked on various carbonate consultancy projects, conducted detailed sedimentological, sequence stratigraphic and diagenetic technical studies and delivered training programmes. He was formerly Managing Director of Robertson UK Limited and was responsible for the integration between different disciplines, recognition, and encouragement of technical innovation and research and development programmes across all oil and gas divisions in the company. He was also responsible for all aspects of the performance of the main Geological, Geophysical and Reservoir Engineering Services in the company. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Developing the Business Case: In-House Training Business analysts must be able to create business case documents that highlight project benefits, costs, and risks. The business case is based on the real business need to be solved. These become parts of proposals, feasibility studies, and other decision support documents. This course teaches the purpose, structure, and content of a business case. It presents the basic techniques for determining financial ROI, non-tangible benefits, and the probability of meeting expectations. What you will Learn At the end of this program, you will be able to: Perform feasibility studies Justify the business investment to solve the business problem Prepare an effective business case document Plan and implement a business case approval process Foundation Concepts The role of the BA An introduction to the BABOK® Guide The business analyst and the product / project life cycle (PLC) The business case deliverable Introducing the Business Case Process The BA and strategy analysis The BA and the business case process (BCP) The BA during the business case process (BCP) The BA after the business case process (BCP) Importance of defining solution performance metrics Defining the Business Need Overview of defining the business need Business needs: problem / opportunity statement Product vision Objectives and constraints Exploring Business Case Solutions Overview of exploring solutions Solution identification for feasibility Solution definition for analysis Assessing project risks Justifying the Business Case Overview of justifying the business case Qualitative justification Quantitative justification Approving the Business Case Overview of business case approval Developing recommendations Preparing the decision package - documents Preparing the decision package - presentations

About this Training Course  A few decades ago, the purchasing function in an Oil & Gas company was seen only as a procurement function in charge of supplying goods and services defined by the end user. Over the years, the purchasing function has won its letters of nobility and has proven to be a powerful leverage of savings and cost reduction. In the upstream Oil & Gas sector, where production sites are spread everywhere and sometimes in very isolated areas, purchasing & procurement performs an important mission to secure the supply of high-tech equipment which will travel all over the world before being installed offshore or in remote areas. These two objectives, cost saving and securing of supply, make the purchasing & procurement a strategic function and an essential segment of the supply chain as it drives the other steps in the chain.   Training Objectives By the end of the course, the participants will feel confident in their understanding of: The supply chain functions in the upstream Oil & Gas industry and its objectives. The purchasing process from the identification of a need to its satisfaction within the specifications, planning and budget. The strategic tools of the buyer: The category management and market analysis, the definition of the frame agreement and contracts. The creation of value for their organization by using the leverages of the purchasing process from the selection of supplier, the cost analysis and the negotiation. Target Audience This course is primarily designed for purchasers or head of purchasing/procurement. It is also necessary for other stake holders in the supply chain, including expediters, stock controllers and cost controllers. This course is also recommended for the participants in the logistics function who want to enlarge their knowledge domain of the supply chain. Finally, the supply chain administrators from the technical departments may also find this course necessary in order to facilitate their interaction with the purchasing department. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader has 25 years of experience in management positions in Contracting, Procurement and Logistics, mainly in the Oil & Gas Industry. He was a Lecturer for IFP Training for 5 years. During his Oil & Gas industry experience, he has worked on major Oil and Gas development projects like the Yadana project in Myanmar, Akpo project in Nigeria and YLNG in Yemen. His international experience allows him to adapt very easily and integrate the multicultural specificities of the Oil & Gas industry in his teaching. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course Gas wells are the most uncertain hence critical component of any gas production system. A successful gas project relies on a reliable forecast of gas well production and on timely implementation of measures that restore, sustain and improve gas well capacity, and maximize reserves. This 5-day course provides the skills to understand and analyze (changes in) gas well performance, and to select and design those remedial measures. It addresses all four gas well components i.e. reservoir performance, inflow performance, outflow performance and surface performance, individually and combined. In depletion-drive reservoirs, the gas well outflow performance becomes inevitably compromised as the reservoir pressure depletes and the gas rate becomes insufficient to lift liquid water and condensate to surface. This condition is referred to as liquid loading and causes significant loss of well capacity and reserves. This 5-day course provides the means to recognize and predict liquid loading, introduces the deliquification techniques that mitigate liquid loading, and then teaches how to select, design, install and operate the optimum suite of deliquification measures. Training Objectives On completion of this course, participants will be able to: Recognize and model gas well reservoir, inflow, outflow and surface performance Understand and model gas well production forecast and reserves Identify and model gas well performance threats and opportunities, specifically liquid loading and deliquification Select and justify remedial measures that mitigate those threats or realize those opportunities, specifically deliquification measures Understand design, installation and operation of those deliquification measures Target Audience This course is intended for production engineer, surveillance engineer, completion engineer, production/process chemist, reservoir engineer, production programmer, production operator, as well as other professionals responsible for selecting, installing, operating, monitoring and optimizing deliquification. Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods This course consists of a series of lectures and exercises. The lectures are interactive with field examples to illustrate models and concepts, where participants are encouraged to contribute their own relevant field examples. The exercises make use of a series of Excel worksheets for model calculations. Participants are invited to implement their own field specific well data. When arranged beforehand, PROSPER gas well performance software can be used as well. This course addresses ways and means to monitor and manage gas well performance and deliquification. It covers the purpose, outcome and benefit of gas well surveillance and capacity measures to assist future surveillance and capacity planning. Specifically, it addresses the selection and implementation of deliquification measures. This course introduces the skills and tools required for periodic review of gas well performance in support of critical business processes Trainer Your expert course leader brings with him 38 years of oil and gas field experience largely within Shell of which 25 years as gas well production engineer. He has covered the full spectrum of activities moving from R&D to green field development to brown field surveillance and optimisation, to become a leading gas well performance and deliquification specialist. He likes to capture the complex reality of gas well inflow, outflow and reservoir performance by means of practical data-driven rules and tools that cover a wide range of conditions i.e. shallow-to-deep, prolific-to-tight, dry-to-wet, green-to-brown, 1-1/2'-to-9-5/8' tubing, and depletion-to-aquifer drive. Before his retirement end 2020, He worked for Shell affiliated oil and gas companies including Shell Malaysia, Petroleum Development Oman, NAM Netherlands and Shell R&D in Netherlands and USA. Since then, he has been active as an independent trainer and consultant, amongst others for Cairn India. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Network design training course description This course provides you with the knowledge needed to perform the design of a network infrastructure that supports desired network solutions to achieve effective performance, scalability, and availability. We recognise that the role of design does not normally require hands on skills but hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory not to teach configuration or troubleshooting. What will you learn Create HA enterprise network designs. Develop optimum Layer 3 designs. Design effective modern WAN and data center networks. Develop effective migration approaches to IPv6. Create effective network security designs. Network design training course details Who will benefit: Anyone involved with network design. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation for engineers Duration 5 days Network design training course contents Part I Reliable, resilient enterprise L2/3 network designOptimal Enterprise Campus Design:Enterprise campus design principles, hierarchy, modularity, flexibility, resiliency.EIGRP design:EIGRP Design, Should you use EIGRP?OSPF design: OSPF scalability designs, OSPF area design, OSPF Full-Mesh Design, OSPF Hub-and-Spoke Design, OSPF convergence design and optimization techniques. IS-IS Design:The protocol, IS-IS hierarchical architecture, IS-IS vs OSPF, IS-IS Deep Dive, IS-IS Design Considerations. BGP design:BGP overview, Designing Scalable iBGP Networks, BGP Route Reflector Design, Enhancing the Design of BGP Policies with BGP Communities, Case Study: Designing Enterprise wide BGP Policies Using BGP Communities, BGP Load-Sharing Design.Part II Enterprise IPv6 Design ConsiderationsIPv6 Design Considerations in the Enterprise: IPv6 Deployment and Design Considerations, Considerations for Migration to IPv6 Design, IPv6 Transition Mechanisms, Final Thoughts on IPv6 Transition Mechanisms. Challenges of the Transition to IPv6: IPv6 Services, Link Layer Security Considerations. Part III Modern Enterprise Wide-Area Networks DesignService Provider-Managed VPNs:Choosing Your WAN Connection, Layer 3 MPLS VPNs, Case Study: MPLS VPN Routing Propagation, Layer 2 MPLS VPN Services. Enterprise-Managed WANs: Enterprise-Managed VPNs, GRE, Multipoint GRE, Point-to-Point and Multipoint GRE, IPsec, IPsec and dynamic VTI, DMVPN, Case Study: EIGRP DMVPN, DMVPN and Redundancy, Case Study: MPLS/VPN over GRE/DMVPN, SSL VPN. Enterprise WAN Resiliency Design: WAN Remote-Site Overview, MPLS L3 WAN Design Models, Common L2 WAN Design Models, Common VPN WAN Design Models, 3G/4G VPN Design Models, Remote Site Using Local Internet, Remote-Site LAN, Case Study: Redundancy and Connectivity, NGWAN, SDWAN, and IWAN Solution Overview, IWAN Design Overview, Enterprise WAN and Access Management. Part IV Enterprise Data Center DesignsMultitier Data Center Designs: Case Study: Small Data Centers (Connecting Servers to an Enterprise LAN), Case Study: Two-Tier Data Center Network Architecture, Case Study: Three-Tier Data Center Network Architecture.Trends and Techniques to Design Modern Data Centers: The Need for a New Network Architecture, Limitations of Current Networking Technology, Modern Data Center Design Techniques and Architectures, Multitenant Data Center. SDN:SDN characteristics, How SDN addresses current Networking Limitations, SDN Architecture Components, SDN Network Virtualization overlays. Data Center Connections:Data Center Traffic Flows, The Need for DCI, IP Address Mobility, Case Study: Dark Fiber DCI, Pseudowire DCI. Part V Design QoS for Optimized User ExperienceQoS Overview:QoS Overview, IntServ versus DiffServ, Classification and Marking, Policers and Shapers, Policing Tools: Single-Rate Three-Color Marker, Policing Tools: TwoRate Three-Color Marker, Queuing Tools, Dropping Tools. QoS design principles and best practices: QoS overview, classification and marking design principles, policing and remarking design principles, queuing design principles, dropping design principles, Per-Hop behavior queue design principles, RFC 4594 QoS Recommendation, QoS Strategy Models. Campus QoS, WAN QoS, Data Center QoS.MPLS VPN QoS Design: The Need for QoS in MPLS VPN, Layer 2 Private WAN QoS Administration, Fully Meshed MPLS VPN QoS Administration, MPLS DiffServ Tunneling Modes, Sample MPLS VPN QoS Roles. IPsec VPN QoS Design: The Need for QoS in IPsec VPN, VPN Use Cases and Their QoS Models, IPsec Refresher, Encryption and Classification: Order of Operations, MTU Considerations, DMVPN QoS Considerations. Part VI IP Multicast DesignEnterprise IP Multicast Design: How Does IP Multicast Work? Multicast Protocols, Multicast Forwarding and RPF Check, Multicast Protocol Basics, PIM-SM Overview, Multicast Routing Table, Basic SSM Concepts, Bidirectional PIM. RP discovery, Anycast RP Features, MSDP. Part VII Designing Optimum Enterprise Network SecurityDesigning Security Services and Infrastructure Protection Network Security Zoning, Designing Infrastructure Protection.Designing firewall & IPS solutions: Firewall architectures, virtualized firewalls. Case Study: Application Tier separation, Case Study: Firewalls in a Data Center, Case Study: Firewall High Availability, IPS Architectures, Case Study: Secure Campus Edge Design (Internet and Extranet Connectivity). IP Multicast Security: Multicast Security Challenges, Multicast Network Security Considerations. Designing Network Access Control Solutions:IEEE 802.1X, EAP, 802.1X supplicants, 802.1X phased deployment, Case Study: Authorization Options. Part VIII Design scenariosDesign Case Studies: 1: Enterprise Connectivity, 2: Enterprise BGP with Internet Connectivity, 3: IPv6, 4: Data Center Connectivity, 5: Resilient Enterprise WAN, 6: Secure Enterprise Network, 7: QoS in the Enterprise Network.

Web development training course description This three-day course helps build a foundation in the development of Web applications. This is not a HTML course but covers the technologies needed to develop web applications. Technologies covered include: ASP.NET, XML, AJAX and HTTP error codes. What will you learn Program Web applications. Work with data and services. Troubleshoot and debug Web applications. Work with client side scripting. Configure and deploy web applications. Web development training course details Who will benefit: Anyone looking for an introduction to web development. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Web development training course contents Programming web applications Customise the layout and appearance of a web page CSS; tables; embedding images; page layout for navigation. Understand ASP.NET intrinsic objects Request; Server; Application; Session; Response; HttpContext. Understand state information in web applications Understand how state is stored based on application design and hardware; understand different types such as session state, view state, control state and application state. Understand events and control page flow Application and page life cycle events; page events; control events; application events; session events; cross-page posting; Response.Redirect; Server.Transfer; IsPostBack; setting AutoEventWireup. Understand controls Understanding various types of controls, including user, server, web and validation controls; know which is the appropriate type of control for a scenario. Understand configuration files Understanding the usage of web.config and machine.config, and the settings that can be made. Working with data and services Read and write XML data Understanding XML, XML validation Does not include: Web services; XPath syntax; XmlDocument; XPathNavigator; XPathNodeIterator; XPathDocument; XmlReader; XmlWriter; XmlDataDocument; XmlNamespaceManager. Distinguish between DataSet & DataReader objects The ability to choose the proper data object to use based on application requirements/design. Call a service from a web page Creating a basic WCF service or web service so that it can be consumed; App_WebReferences; configuration. Understand DataSource controls LinqDataSource: ObjectDataSource; XmlDataSource; SqlDataSource. Bind controls to data by using data binding syntax Ensure that data is updated and displayed in data-aware controls. Manage data connections and databases Database connections; connection objects; connection pools; transaction objects. Troubleshooting and debugging web applications Debug a web application Use in conjunction with custom error pages to display appropriate error information to the appropriate user; implement tracing of a web application, Trace.axd, Trace=True on @Page directive. Handle web application errors HTTP error codes. Working with client-side scripting Understand client-side scripting Purpose of client-side scripting; various client-side scripting languages. LE/370 and Intrinsic Functions. Understand AJAX concepts ASP.NET AJAX implementation; working with client-side libraries, EnablePartialRendering, Triggers, ChildrenAsTriggers, Scripts, Services, UpdateProgress, Timer, ScriptManagerProxy, extender controls. Configuring and deploying web applications Configure authentication and authorisation Forms authentication, Windows authentication; authorisation; file authorisation; impersonation Does not include: Windows Cardspace authentication, Passport (Windows Live ID) authentication, Custom authentication. Configure projects, solutions and reference assemblies Local assemblies; shared assemblies (GAC); web application projects; solutions; configuration files; AppSettings. Publish web applications Choosing the appropriate method to deploy an application based on existing or intended environment; updatable vs. not updateable; MSI deployment; Internet Information Server (IIS) installation and configuration. Understand application pools Purpose of application pools; effect of application pools on web applications.

Fun lino printing workshop run by local artist Suzanne Kemplay at The Arenas Collective creative workshop hub in Edinburgh City Centre.

Voice over LTE training course description This course provides a basic understanding of the 3G LTE Air Interface, SAE, as well as Voice over LTE options and LTE Advanced features. Investigating the standards for the EPS , formulated by the 3GPP standards body, the course will set out to examine and explain the 4G environment from user equipment to border gateway and beyond. This course will ensure the delegate has a grasp of all aspects of the current global deployments, the next steps in upgrades and the promise of things to come. What will you learn Describe the complete EPC architecture. Explain the use of QoS within the air interface & core network. Explore the features of LTE advanced. Describe the various methods of supporting voice services with 3G LTE. Describe IMS structure and control entities. Explain an IMS session. Voice over LTE training course details Who will benefit: Any engineers who are assisting in the deployment of voice services within their LTE networks. Prerequisites: Intro to Data comms & networking Telecommunications Introduction Duration 3 days Voice over LTE training course contents 3GPP standards body Release 8 - Release 12, Supported and expected features. The EPC revisited EPC revisited 3G LTE & EPC Architecture, NB, MME, SGW, PDNGW, PCRF, Interworking capabilities, Protocol stack explored, NAS signalling, Default EPS bearer, Slot allocation algorithms, Scheduling algorithms, Quality of Service requirements, Dedicated EPS bearers. VoLTE deployment strategies Common networks everywhere, GSM/WCDMA view, CDMA view. VoLTE system architecture LTE radio, LTE Radio background, LTE radio architecture, Evolved packet core, EPC entities & functions, EPS mobility management, MS entities, Home subscriber server, Policy & charging rules function. VoLTE functionality Radio functionality, Bearers & schedulers, Mobility, Circuit switched fall back handover, Mobility from 2G/3G back to LTE, Power Saving Features, Positioning services, UE radio access capabilities for VoLTE users. EPC functionalities, LTE subscriber identification, PDN connectivity establishment, EPS dedicated bearer setup, IMS identification, IP multimedia identification module, Public user identity, Private user identity, Relationship between public & private identity, identification of users device, identification of network entities, identification of services, identification without ISIM. IMS service provisioning, Enforcement of allowed services, Service triggering information, Selection of the AS, AS behaviour, Service provisioning in action. VoLTE end-to-end & signalling VoLTE subscription & device configuration. EPS attach for CSFB/IMS VoIP & default bearer. IMS registration, Constructing the REGISTER request, From UE to P-CSCF, From P-CSCF to I-CSCF, From I-CSCF to S-CSCF, S-CSCF challenges the UE, UE's response to the challenge, Registration at the S-CSCF, The 200 OK response, Third-party registration to application servers, Subscription to registration event package, Re-registration & re-authentication, De-registration, Related standards. IMS VoIP session, Constructing the INVITE request, Routing, Media negotiation, Media resource reservation & policy control, Charging, Session release. Voice continuity, PS - PS intersystem handover, Single radio voice call continuity. IMS emergency session, PDN Connection setup for emergency session, Emergency registration, Emergency session. CS fallback for EPS call case, Architecture of CS fallback in EPS, Description of SGs interface, Idle mode signalling reduction, Idle mode vs active mode, CS fallback attachment, Mobile originating call using CSFB, Mobile terminating call using CSFB, Call unrelated CSFB procedures, Mobile terminating roaming retry & forwarding. VoLTE Messaging, Native IMS messages, SMS interworking, Multimedia messaging service. Unstructured supplementary services data simulation in IMS. IMS services VoLTE radio performance Coverage, Latency, Capacity. LTE advanced features Carrier aggregation, Coordinated mMulti-point Operation (CoMP), ICIC & eICIC, Relay node deployment & donor eNBs, Improved cell edge coverage, Reduced control plane latency, Heterogeneous networks, HeNB, security gateways, HeNB gateways.