170 Ada courses in Leeds

ISDN training course description A comprehensive look at ISDN, as used in voice and data environments. What will you learn Recognise the issues and impacts of using dial up networks. Describe ISDN. Describe ISDN signalling in voice and data environments. Configure a Cisco router to use ISDN. ISDN training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with ISDN. Prerequisites: Intro to data communications & networking Duration 2 days ISDN training course contents Introduction Dialup connectivity vs. leased lines vs. packet switched networks. ISDN offerings, services, benefits vs. modems. ISDN architectures Use of ISDN by routers, Dial up, top up, backup. Internet access, PCs and ISDN. BRI and PRI ISDN switches, B channels, D channel, ISDN functions and reference points, NT1, NT2, TE1, TE2, Terminal adapters, R,S,T,U interfaces, ISDN standards. PPP Encapsulation, PPP services, PAP and CHAP, Multilink PPP, BACP. ISDN and the seven layer model B channel layers versus D channel layers, the I standards, Q.921, Q.931. Configuration issues for ISDN E.164 addressing and IP addresses, ensuring only the correct traffic brings up the ISDN line. ISDN services Bearer services, teleservices, supplementary services, MSN, sub addressing, CLI…

ADO.NET training course description This ADO.net training course is designed to enable developers to use the toolset provided with.NET for data access including ADO.net objects, data controls, designers and interoperability with earlier ADO objects. The course is applicable for those using C# or VB.NET with ADO.NET What will you learn Retrieve and manipulate data using Microsoft's ADO.NET library. Work with the ADO.NET object model. Update data, including handling stored procedures, parameters, and return value. Search, sort and filter data. Leverage the power of XML. ADO.NET training course details Who will benefit: Programmers working with ADO.Net. Prerequisites: Effective programming with VB.NET or Concise introduction to C# Duration 2 days ADO.NET training course contents Introducing ADO.Net Traditional Data Access Architecture. ADO.Net Disconnected Data Access Architecture. Different components of ADO.Net. A review of basic SQL queries SQL SELECT Statement. SQL INSERT Statement. SQL UPDATE Statement. SQL DELETE Statement. Common data access tasks with ADO.Net Accessing Data using ADO.Net. Defining the connection string. Defining a Connection. Defining the command or command string. Defining the Data Adapter. Creating and filling the DataSet. A Demonstration Application The Interface. Loading the table. Filling the controls on the Form. Navigating through the records. Updating Data Steps for updating the table. Building the Application. Loading the table and displaying data in the form's controls. Initialising Commands. Adding Parameters to the commands. The ToggleControls() method of our application. Editing (or Updating) Records. Event Handler for the Save Button. Event Handler for the Cancel Button. Inserting Records. Deleting a Record. Using Stored Procedures Sample Stored Procedures. UPDATE Stored Procedure. INSERT Stored Procedure. DELETE Stored Procedure. SELECT Stored Procedure. Using Stored Procedures with ADO.Net.

HSPA and HSPA+ training course description HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) provide speeds of upto 14Mbps downlink and 5Mbps uplink. This theory-based course provides an overview of the 3GPP R5 and R6 HSDPA/HSUPA standards and the technologies which are involved. The HSPA+ R7 enhancements are also covered. What will you learn Explain the relationship between HSPA and UMTS. Describe the benefits of HSPA/HSPA+ Explain the HSPA/HSPA+ technical enhancements. Explain packet flows in HSPA/HSPA+. Recognise the migration issues involved with HSPA/HSPA+ HSPA and HSPA+ training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with HSPA. Prerequisites: Essential UMTS Duration 2 days HSPA and HSPA+ training course contents UMTS review UMTS architecture, components, interfaces, protocols, W-CDMA, standards, 3GPPr5, 3GPPr6, evolution to HSDPA and HSPA. HSPA basics What is HSDPA, what is HSUPA, key features, system capacities, data rates, delays. Key concepts: Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), QPSK, 16QAM, HARQ, MAC-hs, multiplexing, subframes. HSPA channels Logical, transport, physical channels, dedicated vs. shared channels, HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH, code multiplexing, E-DCH, Enhanced DPCCH. MAC-architecture Controlling HS-DSCH, flow control, buffering, priority queues, packet scheduling, fast packet scheduling, Selecting modulation and coding. HARQ: Packet retransmissions, Incremental redundancy, comparison with ARQ, TFRC. MAC-d, MAC-c/sh, MAC-hs, MAC-es, MAC-e. HSPA migration HSDPA in the Radio Access Network (RAN), reuse of existing UMTS components, changes required, Impact on Iub/Iur interfaces, new and modified NBAP procedures, backwards compatibility. Packet flows Packet data session setup, simultaneous voice and data, QoS, TCP flow control, WCDMA packet scheduler, mobility procedures. HSPA phase 2 (3GPP r6) What is evolved HSPA? Speeds. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). Optional all IP architecture. R8 and LTE.

IP broadcast training course description A current hot topic in recent years has been the provision of multimedia services over IP networks aka triple or quadruple play. This course investigates the characteristics of video transmission and then studies the impact on IP networks. What will you learn Use Wireshark to analyse and troubleshoot TV streams. Describe techniques, which can be used in IP to provide low uniform delay. Evaluate IPTV technologies. Design data networks, which will support IPTV. IP broadcast training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in broadcast. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 3 days IP broadcast training course contents What is IPTV? What is IP? What is TV? Pixels, frames, colour, digital modulation, digital video broadcasting. SDTV, HDTV, 4K. IPTV architectures, Contribution, distribution, delivery. IPTV standards. Hands on Base IP connectivity, VLC. IPTV protocol stacks IP, TCP, UDP, RTP. IPv6. HTTP. Bandwidth requirements. Hands on IPTV bandwidth calculations. Video codecs What is a CODEC, pictures and audio, digitisation, sampling, quantisation, encoding, compressing. MPEG, bit rates, resolution. I, B, P frames, GOP. MPEG 2, MPEG 4, H.264, H.265, VP9, AV1. Hands on Analysing MPEG frames. IP issues Quality vs. bandwidth. Bandwidth, delay, latency, jitter, signalling. Routers. Hands on Analysing jitter and other performance issues. IPTV performance and QoS IP DSCP field, queuing strategies; FIFO, WFQ, custom, priority, RED. Differentiated services, Diffserv. 802.1Q. Traffic shaping. QoE. Hands on best effort versus prioritisation. UDP versus TCP Reliable, unreliable, connection oriented, connectionless. Broadcasts, multicasts and unicasts. TCP flow control, TCP and performance. Hands on TCP window sizes. RTP RTP, ports, mixers, translators, RTCP, SMPTE, FEC. Hands on RTP analysis with Wireshark. Multicasting Multicasting compared to unicasting and broadcasting, when to use and when not to use multicasting. IGMP, PIM-SM, SSM. MLD. Hands on Analysing multicast streams. OTT TV HTTP, HTTPS, Chunked HTTP. Adaptive streaming. HTML5. DASH vs HLS. Hands on Analysing HTTP streams. Security Firewalls, TLS, DRM, watermarking. Encryption. Geolocation. VPNs. IPTV architecture and other protocols Content providers, Service providers, delivery networks, home networks. Caching, Service discovery. RTSP. SAP, SDP. DHCP, DNS, NTP

IPTV training course description A current hot topic in recent years has been the provision of multimedia services over IP networks aka triple or quadruple play. This course investigates the characteristics of video transmission and then studies the impact on IP networks. What will you learn Use Wireshark to analyse and troubleshoot TV streams. Describe techniques, which can be used in IP to provide low uniform delay. Evaluate IPTV technologies. Design data networks, which will support IPTV. IPTV training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with IPTV. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation for engineers Intro to data communications & networking. Duration 3 days IPTV training course contents What is IPTV? What is IP? What is TV? Pixels, frames, colour, digital modulation, digital video broadcasting. SDTV, HDTV, 4K. IPTV architectures, Contribution, distribution, delivery. IPTV standards. Hands on Base IP connectivity, VLC. IPTV protocol stacks IP, TCP, UDP, RTP. IPv6. HTTP. Bandwidth requirements. Hands on IPTV bandwidth calculations. Video codecs What is a CODEC, pictures and audio, digitisation, sampling, quantisation, encoding, compressing. MPEG, bit rates, resolution. I, B, P frames, GOP. MPEG 2, MPEG 4, H.264, H.265, VP9, AV1. Hands on Analysing MPEG frames. IP issues Quality vs. bandwidth. Bandwidth, delay, latency, jitter, signalling. Routers. Hands on Analysing jitter and other performance issues. IPTV performance and QoS IP DSCP field, queuing strategies; FIFO, WFQ, custom, priority, RED. Differentiated services, Diffserv. 802.1Q. Traffic shaping. QoE. Hands on best effort versus prioritisation. UDP versus TCP Reliable, unreliable, connection oriented, connectionless. Broadcasts, multicasts and unicasts. TCP flow control, TCP and performance. Hands on TCP window sizes. RTP RTP, ports, mixers, translators, RTCP, SMPTE, FEC. Hands on RTP analysis with Wireshark. Multicasting Multicasting compared to unicasting and broadcasting, when to use and when not to use multicasting. IGMP, PIM-SM, SSM. MLD. Hands on Analysing multicast streams. OTT TV HTTP, HTTPS, Chunked HTTP. Adaptive streaming. HTML5. DASH vs HLS. Hands on Analysing HTTP streams. Security Firewalls, TLS, DRM, watermarking. Encryption. Geolocation. VPNs. IPTV architecture and other protocols Content providers, Service providers, delivery networks, home networks. Caching, Service discovery. RTSP. SAP, SDP. DHCP, DNS, NTP Hands on Fixing the network.

Essential 5G training course description This course is designed to give delegates an explanation of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. It is not a definitive set of descriptions but a possibility of the final deployment. we will investigate the 10 pillars for 5G which will include various Radio Access Technologies that are required to interwork smoothly. We will look at the 4G Pro features and other RATs. What will you learn List the ten pillars of 5G deployment. Describe the 5G Internet. Explain virtualization and RAT virtulization. Describe Software Defined Networks (SDN). Explain carrier aggregation. Describe the mobile cloud. Explain an overall picture of 5G architecture. Essential 5G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone looking for an understanding of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Essential 5G training course contents Drivers for 5G 5G Road Map, 10 Pillars of 5G, evolving RATs, oSON, MTCm, mm-wave, backhaul, EE, new spectrum, spectrum sharing, RAN virtualisation. 4G LTE Advanced MIMO technology in release 8, Downlink & uplink MIMO R8, MIMO technology in LTE advanced, Downlink 8-layer SU-MIMO, Downlink MU-MIMO, Uplink MU-MIMO, Uplink transmit diversity, Coordinated multi-point operation (CoMP), Independent eNB & remote base station configurations, Downlink CoMP. ICIC & eICIC ICIC, Homogeneous to heterogeneous network evolution, Introduction to eICIC, Macro-pico scenario, Macro-femto scenario, Time orthogonal frequencies. Almost Blank Subframe (ABS). Carrier aggregation Component carriers (CC), CC aggregation deployments, Intra-band contiguous solutions, Intra-band non-contiguous solutions, Inter-band non-contiguous solutions, CA bandwidth classes, Aggregated transmission bandwidth configurations (ATBC), Possible carrier aggregation configs. eIMTA TDD UL-DL reconfig. for traffic adaptation, Reconfig. mechanisms, Interference mitigation schemes, Dynamic & flexible resource allocation. 5G architectures 5G in Europe, horizon 2020 framework, 5G infrastructure PPP, METIS project, 5G in North America, academy research, company R&D, 5G specifications. The 5G internet High-level view of Cloud Services, The Internet of Things & context awareness, Network reconfiguration & virtualization support, server proliferation, how VMs fix underutilised server problem, enter the hypervisor, why are VM such a big deal? SDN, evolution of the data centre network, high availability, low latency, scalability, security, cost model explodes, service-oriented API. OpenFlow switches, OpenFlow controllers, how SDN works. The big picture, pulling it all together, why the network had to change, how SDN & NFV tie together. Evolutionary approach to the internet, architectures for distributed mobility management, MEDIEVAL & MEDIVO projects, a clean slate approach, mobility first architecture. VNet, INM, NetInf, ForMux, MEEM. Generic Path (GP) & anchorless mobility (AM), Quality of Service support, network resource provisioning, resourcing inside a network. IntServ, RSVP, DiffServ, CoS. Emerging approach for resource over- provisioning, example use case architecture for scalable resource control scenarios in the 5G internet. Integrating SDN/NFV for efficient resource over-reservation control, control information repository, service admission control policies, network resource provisioning, control enforcement functions, network configurations & operations. Small cells for 5G Average spectral efficiency evolution, WiFi & Femto cells, Capacity limits. Achievable gains with densifications, multi-antenna techniques, small cells. Mobile data demand, approach & methodology, subscriber density and traffic demand projections to 2020. Demand versus capacity, global mobile data traffic increase modelling, country level backhaul traffic projections, Small cell challenges, backhaul, spectrum, automation. Cooperation for next gen wireless networks Diversity & relaying strategies, cooperation & network coding, ARQ & MAC protocols, NCCARQ & PRCSMA packet exchange, Physical layer impact on MAC protocol analysis, NCCARQ overview, PHY layer impact, Case study on NCCARQ. Mobile clouds Mobile cloud, Mobile cloud enablers, mobile user domain, wireless technologies, WWAN WLAN and WPAN range, Bluetooth, IEEE.802.15.4 & software stacks, infrared, near field communications (NFC). Network coding, store & forward vs compute & forward, linear network coding, random linear coding. Security for 5G communications Potential 5G communication systems architectures, Security issues & challenges. Mobile malware attacks targeting the UE, 5G mobile botnets, access networks, attacks on 4G networks, C-RNTI & packet sequence number based UE location tracking, false buffer status reports attacks, message insertion attacks, HeNB attacks, physical attacks, credential attacks, configuration and protocol attacks, attacks on MON, user data & identity attacks, mobile operator's core network, DDoS attacks targeting MON, signalling amplification, HSS saturation, external IP networks.

About this Training Course Materials Management is an essential link in the Supply Chain process. It takes an even bigger significance in the Upstream industry when the cost of a rupture in equipment or stock can be tremendous, without even considering the cost of the equipment itself. The downside may result in the accumulation of out-of-commission materials which leads to business inefficiency. What does it take to maintain efficient Materials Management? This 3 full-day course will explain more in detail. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives At the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the importance of an efficient Materials Management in the Supply Chain process Examine the control and validation of Stock processes Understand the role of the Duet and work within the Stock Duet in materials management Learn about the key factors in Stock optimisation Target Audience This course will benefit all personnel involved in Supply Chain including Stock Controllers, Cost Controllers, Buyers, Logisticians and those from the technical department such as Technical Administrators and members of the duet. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader has 25 years of experience in management positions in Contracting, Procurement and Logistics, mainly in the Oil & Gas Industry. He was a Lecturer for IFP Training for 5 years. During his Oil & Gas industry experience, he has worked on major Oil and Gas development projects like the Yadana project in Myanmar, Akpo project in Nigeria and YLNG in Yemen. His international experience allows him to adapt very easily and integrate the multicultural specificities of the Oil & Gas industry in his teaching. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course In the oil & gas industry, it is common knowledge that operators and main contractors, contract or sub-contract a wide range of their activities. The service contract is the tool used to share the risk of a service between the operator and contractor. It is also an approach adopted by the operator to control the efficiency of his contractor. This course allows all parties involved, company, contractors and subcontractors, to better understand the contractual relationship, their rights and obligations. It gives a detailed review of the contract and its main features. This course will particularly focus on the services contracts that are put in place to support a drilling campaign, covering all specificities of the various contracts. Training Objectives At the end of this course, participants will: Get a thorough understanding of the service contract clauses Be able to administer the contract and optimise the relationship with the company or contractor Target Audience This course will be useful and applicable for the following professionals: contract engineers, contracts administrators, any party involved in the relationship between the company and the contractors of a service contract Drillers and logisticians may also have interest in this course as it covers the contractual aspects of their operational activity: They are the 'Owners' of these services contracts Trainer Your expert course leader has 25 years of experience in management positions in Contracting, Procurement and Logistics, mainly in the Oil & Gas Industry. During his Oil & Gas industry experience, he has worked on major Oil and Gas development projects like the Yadana project in Myanmar, Akpo project in Nigeria and YLNG in Yemen. His international experience allows him to adapt very easily and integrate the multicultural specificities of the Oil & Gas industry in his teaching. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course  A few decades ago, the purchasing function in an Oil & Gas company was seen only as a procurement function in charge of supplying goods and services defined by the end user. Over the years, the purchasing function has won its letters of nobility and has proven to be a powerful leverage of savings and cost reduction. In the upstream Oil & Gas sector, where production sites are spread everywhere and sometimes in very isolated areas, purchasing & procurement performs an important mission to secure the supply of high-tech equipment which will travel all over the world before being installed offshore or in remote areas. These two objectives, cost saving and securing of supply, make the purchasing & procurement a strategic function and an essential segment of the supply chain as it drives the other steps in the chain.   Training Objectives By the end of the course, the participants will feel confident in their understanding of: The supply chain functions in the upstream Oil & Gas industry and its objectives. The purchasing process from the identification of a need to its satisfaction within the specifications, planning and budget. The strategic tools of the buyer: The category management and market analysis, the definition of the frame agreement and contracts. The creation of value for their organization by using the leverages of the purchasing process from the selection of supplier, the cost analysis and the negotiation. Target Audience This course is primarily designed for purchasers or head of purchasing/procurement. It is also necessary for other stake holders in the supply chain, including expediters, stock controllers and cost controllers. This course is also recommended for the participants in the logistics function who want to enlarge their knowledge domain of the supply chain. Finally, the supply chain administrators from the technical departments may also find this course necessary in order to facilitate their interaction with the purchasing department. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader has 25 years of experience in management positions in Contracting, Procurement and Logistics, mainly in the Oil & Gas Industry. He was a Lecturer for IFP Training for 5 years. During his Oil & Gas industry experience, he has worked on major Oil and Gas development projects like the Yadana project in Myanmar, Akpo project in Nigeria and YLNG in Yemen. His international experience allows him to adapt very easily and integrate the multicultural specificities of the Oil & Gas industry in his teaching. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course This interactive training course and workshop session is developed to provide a catalyst for transformation of the legacy systems and adapting to the upcoming trends in the near future in the LPG supply chain. The course curriculum is based on overcoming the challenges of cost and quality enhancement. Both challenges encompass critical review of each aspect from production to transportation with safety of operations and zero loss of energy, thereby enhancing revenue. Training Objectives This course is developed to meet the needs LPG producers, Gas Tankers and Terminals operators, and fraternity of stakeholders, with the following underlying objectives: Conduct assessment of current standards and management systems in context of market forces and economics of demand and supply; Explore impact of emerging markets and user segments of LPG transiting from oil or electricity use; Identify avenues in need of production process review for enhancing the quality in terms of energy content of LPG; Evaluate current and future trends in LPG transportation and the influence of regulatory regimes and incentive schemes, for investment in Storage Terminals and distribution networks; Identify the operations and protocols to be adaptable for compliance with new regulations and trends; Establish transportation and distribution cost control mechanism at optimum level; and Develop guidelines and SOPs for contamination free transfer, loading and discharging of LPG Tankers. Target Audience This is a 'must attend' course if you are a: LPG Gas Producer Process Specialist Buyer Trader LPG Tanker Owner Charterer, and Management personnel holding responsible positions such as Director, General Manager, Commercial Manager, Business Development Manager, Legal Counsel, Post-Fixtures Manager, Fleet Manager, Marine & Technical Superintendent, Senior Engineer or Middle Level Manager as part of succession planning. Training Methods The course will be delivered in 3 full-day sessions comprising 8 hours per day. Course Duration: 3 full-day sessions, 8 hours per session (24 hours in total). Trainer Principal Management Consultant FAIADR, FACICA, FHKIoD, M.S.I.D, Member, AIPN LL.M. (IP Laws), M. Sc. (Maritime Studies) M, Tech (Knowledge Engineering), MBA First Class CoC (DOT, UK), B. E. (Elect)   Your expert course leader, during the last 45 year period, has worked and consulted in the industry verticals encompassing: Marine, Shipping & Transport, Technology, Oil & Gas Exploration & Production, Petrochemical Process Plants and Power Plant Construction Projects, Logistics & Warehousing, Offshore, Oil & Gas Pipelines, Infrastructure Development Projects (Construction, Ports, Offshore Supply Bases, Oil & Gas Terminals and Airports etcetera), EPCIC Contracts, and Shipyards, in South East Asia, Africa, Middle East, Americas and Europe. He is a Principal Management Consultant in a consulting company in Hong Kong and Singapore, specializing in the fields of corporate management consultancy, international contracts reviews and alternative dispute resolutions services. He has been frequently engaged for assignments like due diligence, acquisitions, and mergers. The assignments often involved resolving various operational issues, contracts reviews, cost controls, project management matters and enhancement of international procurement and Supply Chain Management systems. He continues to be actively engaged in advisory services for Remuneration, Audit and Risk Management Committees of public companies as well as MNCs. He has developed a special initiative for conducting audits of ERM Systems (Enterprise Risk Management) and valuation of intangible properties involving proprietary processes (IP), licensed production and intellectual property rights. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering, MBA in General Management, Master of Technology in Knowledge Engineering, Master of Science in Maritime Studies and LL.M. (IP Law). He also holds professional qualifications in arbitration, contracts laws, and marine engineering, including the Chief Engineer's First-Class Certificate of Competency (DOT, UK). He has been Associate, SIM University (SUSS) Singapore and taught on subjects including Business Continuity Planning and Risk Management. He has served as Director and member of Board of Management, Governance Councils and Risk Management Committees of international organizations. He is admitted to various professional institutions as: 'Fellow', Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (FACICA); Asian Institute of ADR (FAIADR), Malaysia; Hong Kong Institute of Directors (FHKIoD), Member, Singapore Institute of Directors (M.S.I.D.), and Member, Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN) USA. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations