37856 Sup courses

Essential OTN training course description An In-depth introduction to the terminology and technology that will comprise tomorrow's Optical Transport Networks. What will you learn Describe the problems with old technologies. Identify the purpose of new technologies. Describe the functionality of the various transmission mediums available Identify OTN features and functionality. Define the issues involved in equipment and application rollout. Essential OTN training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to learn OTN. Prerequisites: SDH foundation or Essential DWDM Duration 2 days Essential OTN training course contents Scope, References Terms and definitions, Abbreviations and Conventions Optical transport network interface structure Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates Optical transport module (OTM-n.m, OTM-nr.m, OTM-0.m and OTN 0.mvn) Physical specification of the ONNI Optical channel (OCh) Optical channel transport unit (OTU) Optical channel data unit (ODU) Optical channel payload unit (OPU) OTM overhead signal (OOS) Overhead description and maintenance signals Mapping of client signals and concatenation Mapping ODUk signals into the ODTUjk signal Forward error correction using 16-byte interleaved RS (255,239) codecs ODUk tandem connection monitoring (TCM) overhead OPUk Multiplex Overhead Amendment 2 including: OTN Multiplexing and Mapping, Basic signal structure, ODTU12, ODTU13, ODTU23, OPUk Multiplex Overhead, OPUk Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI). OPU2 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI), OPU3 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI), OPUk Payload Structure Identifier Reserved overhead (RES), ODU1 into ODU2 multiplexing, ODU2 into ODU3 multiplexing, ODU1 into ODU3 multiplexing Amendment 3 including: 40 Gbit/s ODU3/OTU3 and 100 Gbit/s ODU4/OTU4, Support of gigabit Ethernet services via ODU0, ODU2e, ODU3 and ODU4, ODU0 and ODUFlex, Multi-lane OTU3 and OTU4 interfaces, Support for InfiniBand Amendment 4 including: OTSn OTN synchronization messaging channel (OSMC) overhead, FC-1600 Amendment 5 Including: ODUk.ts, OTU0LL (OTU0 low latency), OTSiA (optical tributary signal assembly). OTSiG (optical tributary signal group), OTSiG-O (optical tributary signal overhead), CMEP (connection monitoring end- point), CMOH (connection monitoring overhead), MOTU (Multi-OUT), MOTUm (Multi-OTU with management), OTUCn-M (Optical Transport Unit-Cn, with n OxUC overhead instances and 5G tributary slots). SOTU (Single-OUT). SOTUm (Single-OTU with management). Modified bit rates and capacity for OTU1/2/3/4 OTM.nr.m, OTM.n.m, OTM.0.3v4, OTM 0.4v4 Mapping of CBR2G5, CBR10G, CBR10G3 and CBR40G signals into OPUk 64B/66B and 513B block code format PCS lane alignment marker for 40GBASE-R and 100GBASE-R PT=20/PT=21 and AMP/GMP options OTL 4.10 to OTL 4.4 gearbox ODU switching and Line protection Schemes 10 x 10 MSA Overview of current and future coherent and noncoherent technologies 40Gbit and 100Gbit compliant ROADM's Implementers Guide including replacement terms. Differing vendor's equipment and their implementations Individual and group planning exercises: Upgrade a customer STM-64/10G network to a 40G/ OTN network. Upgrade a customer old 16 Wavelength WDM network to be OTN compliant. Implement a new customer 40 wavelength OTU3 OTN compliant MSPP (DWDM) network. Design a cost-effective solution where we can hand over circuits using 'Optical Transport Lanes'.

Elite EA/PA Forum We are delighted to announce the Elite EA/PA Forum for the UK & Ireland will be on the 30th of October 2025. Our workshop aims to: Enhance your influence and impact by mastering assertive communication, negotiation, and self-advocacy skills. Stay composed and solution-focused in high-pressure situations with practical tools for crisis management and clear decision-making. Embrace evolving technology by understanding how AI and automation can streamline your role and boost efficiency. Future-proof your career by building strategic value, resilience, and adaptability in an ever-changing professional landscape. Keynote Address with Q&A from the audience: What to expect from Sam's Keynote: With over 30 years supporting leaders at the highest levels, Sam Cohen brings a wealth of insight, experience, and stories (the kind she can share) to the stage. From 18 years serving within The Royal Household - including as Deputy Private Secretary and Press Secretary to Her late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II - to working with The Duke and Duchess of Sussex, running the Prime Minister’s Office at Downing Street, and serving as Chief of Staff to the global CEO of Rio Tinto, Sam’s career is a masterclass in discretion, diplomacy, and delivering at the top. In this exclusive keynote, Beyond the Role, Sam will explore how Executive Assistants don’t just support leaders - they shape leadership, drive strategy, and build legacy from behind the scenes. Join us for this rare opportunity to hear from someone who’s been at the epicentre of power - and bring your questions! The keynote will include a live Q&A, where you can ask Sam about her remarkable career, leadership insights, and how to truly excel in high-performance environments. (Don’t ask her what the Queen kept in her handbag - she’s not telling.) Sam Cohen Career Bio: Sam Cohen has spent the last 30 years working to support leaders in the public and private sectors. Sam spent 18 years serving The Royal Household, as Deputy Private Secretary to Her late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and Press Secretary to The Queen. Sam also served as Private Secretary to The Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Following this time, Sam worked as Director of the Prime Minister’s Office at Downing Street under Boris Johnson and, most recently, was Chief of Staff to the global CEO at Rio Tinto. Source: ABC News - YouTube Channel. Facilitator - AM: Monika Turner The Confident Assistant - Speak Up, Go After What You Want & Create The Future You Deserve: Develop practical strategies to negotiate workload, boundaries, and career growth with confidence. Learn assertive communication techniques to handle challenging conversations effectively. Build self-advocacy skills to articulate your value and influence outcomes in the workplace. Monika Turner Career Bio: Monika Anna Turner is an ICF-certified Leadership and Executive coach with over seven years of experience helping professionals unlock their confidence, elevate their voice, and lead with authenticity. Before stepping into coaching, she built a successful career as a Personal Assistant, Executive Assistant, and ultimately Chief Of Staff —giving her a deep understanding of the unique challenges and strengths of support roles. Originally from Poland, Monika knows firsthand what it’s like to question your voice and your value—especially in a second language. Her journey from self-doubt to self-assurance informs everything she does today. Through her coaching, she empowers assistants and leaders alike to move beyond fear, speak up and create fulfilling careers they’re proud of. Panel Crisis Mode: What to do when everything goes wrong Master a step-by-step approach to prioritising and problem-solving under pressure. Strengthen emotional resilience and calm decision-making during unexpected disruptions. Learn how to communicate clearly and lead from behind in high-stress situations. Facilitator - PM: Justin Kabbani AI Is Not Here to Replace You. It's Here to Upgrade You. We'll explore Justin's proven 3P framework: Priming – How to set up AI like a strategic advisor by feeding it context, tone and mindset Prompting – How to craft clear, structured instructions to get consistently great results Producing – How to turn AI outputs into high-leverage work that makes you stand out Your session outcomes: Real examples from admin professionals already using AI to elevate their work Prompts you can copy, adapt, and test live Interactive exercises to build confidence fast A practical challenge to implement right after the session If you’ve been overwhelmed by AI, or underwhelmed by its impact, this session will change that. You'll leave with tools you can use today, and a mindset you’ll carry forward for the rest of your career. Justin Kabbani Career Bio: Justin Kabbani is one of Australia’s most in-demand AI trainers and keynote speakers, known for making AI feel simple, powerful, and immediately useful. He’s worked with brands like Uber, Treasury Wine Estates, and Udemy, helping their teams embed AI into daily workflows, strategic planning, and executive communication. Over the past two years, Justin has trained more than 2,000 professionals across Australia and beyond, consistently earning feedback like “mind-blowing,” and “game-changing”. His signature Prime, Prompt, Produce framework has transformed how business leaders, executive assistants, marketers, and teams think, work, and communicate with AI, without needing to be “tech people.” Justin believes AI isn’t here to replace people. It’s here to take the robotic work off our plate, so we can focus on what humans do best. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/justinkabbani/ Website: https://justinkabbani.com/ Speed Connections Networking Session Join us for Speed Connections, a lively 30-minute networking session designed to foster meaningful connections in a fun, fast-paced environment. Every 10 minutes, attendees will be placed into new breakout rooms with small groups, giving everyone the chance to meet a diverse range of peers. Each breakout session will feature engaging prompts to spark conversations and make networking enjoyable and memorable! Who will attend this event? Executive Assistant (EA) Personal Assistant (PA) Virtual Assistant (VA) Legal Secretary Legal Executive Assistant Administrative Assistant Office Manager Health Care Office Manager Chief of Staff Additional roles may be relevant depending on role responsibilities along with development opportunities. This workshop is open to females, male including trans women/males and non-binary professionals. Group Rate Discounts To discuss our group rates in more detail, please email support@elite-forums.com and provide the following: Group Number (How many would like to attend) Event Date (If numerous dates, please advise if we are splitting attendees across multiple dates) Attendee Contact details (Or request our Group Rate Document. Complete and return - we'll sort the rest.) Group discounts are on request - see below group rate discount brackets: 🧩 You just need one piece to come together - to unlock your Elite Potential. 🔑 Media outlets/organisations will not be permitted to attend this event.

Elite EA/PA Forum We are delighted to announce the Elite EA/PA Forum for the UK & Ireland will be on the 30th of October 2025. Our workshop aims to: Enhance your influence and impact by mastering assertive communication, negotiation, and self-advocacy skills. Stay composed and solution-focused in high-pressure situations with practical tools for crisis management and clear decision-making. Embrace evolving technology by understanding how AI and automation can streamline your role and boost efficiency. Future-proof your career by building strategic value, resilience, and adaptability in an ever-changing professional landscape. Keynote Address with Q&A from the audience: What to expect from Sam's Keynote: With over 30 years supporting leaders at the highest levels, Sam Cohen brings a wealth of insight, experience, and stories (the kind she can share) to the stage. From 18 years serving within The Royal Household - including as Deputy Private Secretary and Press Secretary to Her late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II - to working with The Duke and Duchess of Sussex, running the Prime Minister’s Office at Downing Street, and serving as Chief of Staff to the global CEO of Rio Tinto, Sam’s career is a masterclass in discretion, diplomacy, and delivering at the top. In this exclusive keynote, Beyond the Role, Sam will explore how Executive Assistants don’t just support leaders - they shape leadership, drive strategy, and build legacy from behind the scenes. Join us for this rare opportunity to hear from someone who’s been at the epicentre of power - and bring your questions! The keynote will include a live Q&A, where you can ask Sam about her remarkable career, leadership insights, and how to truly excel in high-performance environments. (Don’t ask her what the Queen kept in her handbag - she’s not telling.) Sam Cohen Career Bio: Sam Cohen has spent the last 30 years working to support leaders in the public and private sectors. Sam spent 18 years serving The Royal Household, as Deputy Private Secretary to Her late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and Press Secretary to The Queen. Sam also served as Private Secretary to The Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Following this time, Sam worked as Director of the Prime Minister’s Office at Downing Street under Boris Johnson and, most recently, was Chief of Staff to the global CEO at Rio Tinto. Source: ABC News - YouTube Channel. Facilitator The Confident Assistant - Speak Up, Go After What You Want & Create The Future You Deserve: Develop practical strategies to negotiate workload, boundaries, and career growth with confidence. Learn assertive communication techniques to handle challenging conversations effectively. Build self-advocacy skills to articulate your value and influence outcomes in the workplace. Monika Turner Career Bio: Monika Anna Turner is an ICF-certified Leadership and Executive coach with over seven years of experience helping professionals unlock their confidence, elevate their voice, and lead with authenticity. Before stepping into coaching, she built a successful career as a Personal Assistant, Executive Assistant, and ultimately Chief Of Staff —giving her a deep understanding of the unique challenges and strengths of support roles. Originally from Poland, Monika knows firsthand what it’s like to question your voice and your value—especially in a second language. Her journey from self-doubt to self-assurance informs everything she does today. Through her coaching, she empowers assistants and leaders alike to move beyond fear, speak up and create fulfilling careers they’re proud of. Panel Crisis Mode: What to do when everything goes wrong Master a step-by-step approach to prioritising and problem-solving under pressure. Strengthen emotional resilience and calm decision-making during unexpected disruptions. Learn how to communicate clearly and lead from behind in high-stress situations. Facilitator - PM: Justin Kabbani AI Is Not Here to Replace You. It's Here to Upgrade You. We'll explore Justin's proven 3P framework: Priming – How to set up AI like a strategic advisor by feeding it context, tone and mindset Prompting – How to craft clear, structured instructions to get consistently great results Producing – How to turn AI outputs into high-leverage work that makes you stand out Your session outcomes: Real examples from admin professionals already using AI to elevate their work Prompts you can copy, adapt, and test live Interactive exercises to build confidence fast A practical challenge to implement right after the session If you’ve been overwhelmed by AI, or underwhelmed by its impact, this session will change that. You'll leave with tools you can use today, and a mindset you’ll carry forward for the rest of your career. Justin Kabbani Career Bio: Justin Kabbani is one of Australia’s most in-demand AI trainers and keynote speakers, known for making AI feel simple, powerful, and immediately useful. He’s worked with brands like Uber, Treasury Wine Estates, and Udemy, helping their teams embed AI into daily workflows, strategic planning, and executive communication. Over the past two years, Justin has trained more than 2,000 professionals across Australia and beyond, consistently earning feedback like “mind-blowing,” and “game-changing”. His signature Prime, Prompt, Produce framework has transformed how business leaders, executive assistants, marketers, and teams think, work, and communicate with AI, without needing to be “tech people.” Justin believes AI isn’t here to replace people. It’s here to take the robotic work off our plate, so we can focus on what humans do best. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/justinkabbani/ Website: https://justinkabbani.com/ Speed Connections Networking Session Join us for Speed Connections, a lively 30-minute networking session designed to foster meaningful connections in a fun, fast-paced environment. Every 10 minutes, attendees will be placed into new breakout rooms with small groups, giving everyone the chance to meet a diverse range of peers. Each breakout session will feature engaging prompts to spark conversations and make networking enjoyable and memorable! Who will attend this event? Executive Assistant (EA) Personal Assistant (PA) Virtual Assistant (VA) Legal Secretary Legal Executive Assistant Administrative Assistant Office Manager Health Care Office Manager Chief of Staff Additional roles may be relevant depending on role responsibilities along with development opportunities. This workshop is open to females, male including trans women/males and non-binary professionals. Group Rate Discounts To discuss our group rates in more detail, please email support@elite-forums.com and provide the following: Group Number (How many would like to attend) Event Date (If numerous dates, please advise if we are splitting attendees across multiple dates) Attendee Contact details (Or request our Group Rate Document. Complete and return - we'll sort the rest.) Group discounts are on request - see below group rate discount brackets: 🧩 You just need one piece to come together - to unlock your Elite Potential. 🔑 Media outlets/organisations will not be permitted to attend this event.

MASTERCLASS ONE-2-ONE 8 CPD POINTS 1 DAY INTENSIVE COURSE  ONLINE or IN-CLINIC NOTE! After booking we will contact you for scheduling the exact course date! Courses dates are subject to change due to mentors availability. We will inform you via email if a date becomes available! PDO Threads course Our one-day Harley Elite Academy PDO cog thread lift ( Elite Mini Face Lift )training course is providing for Doctors ,Nurses , Dentist looking to further to present non-surgical facelift. It s the newest trend made popular by some of celebrities recently and it is an amazing and effective latest technique to mehanical lift and tighten skin. We provide second option using mono and screw it has the potential to redefine facial contours and induces collagen production. This type threads support structure for the tissue of the face by encouraging natural collagen synthesis with 30 % immediately results that peak at 6 months and more. During the training learn how to safely achieve mid and lower face lift and tight , we aim to help you master class techniquesre-volumisation and lifting using one of the highest quality products on the market PCL Threads.   Thread Lift Masterclass Course You will perform this procedure on live models under the supervision You will practice using This master training will teach you how to introduce threads in Body areas including: Inner Thigh | Inner Arm | Knee | Tummy | Buttock Using threads: screw, mono and cogs. During Dermal Filler Masterclass, you will learn the full Anatomy of the face and gain practice.Anatomy, Vascular Supply of the face, Nerves Contraindications Complications Management Post treatment advice Additional information ATTENDANCE ONLINE (theory), IN-CLINIC (Practice) PDO THREADS LIFT AREA BEGINNER Face and Neck Threads Lift, ADVANCED Body Threads Lift, MASTERCLASS Face, Neck, Body Threads Lift, MASTERCLASS Foxy Eyes | Cat Eyes

Gain comprehensive understanding of caring for individuals with psychosis and schizophrenia. Enhance knowledge and skills to provide effective care and support. Designed for caregivers, family members, support workers, and healthcare professionals.

WiMax training course description Broadband wireless access is an emerging technology area. This course looks at WiMAX, where it can be used, how it works and the alternative technologies. What will you learn Describe WiMAX. Explain how WiMAX works. Compare and contrast WiMAX with alternative broadband wireless access technologies. WiMax training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to know more about WiMAX. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days WiMax training course contents Introduction What is WiMAX? WiMAX applications, The Internet, Internet access choices, wireless broadband access, WiMAX benefits. WiMAX overview Spectrums, LOS vs. non-LOS, bit rates, modulation, mobility, channel bandwidth, cell radius. WiMAX standards The WiMAX forum, IEEE, ETSI, HIPERACCESS, HIPERMAN, 802.16, 802.16-2004, 802.16a, 802.16e, 802.16f. WiMAX architecture Subscriber Stations (SS), Indoors, outdoors, antennas, Radio Base Stations (BS), LOS, Non LOS BackHaul, Point to multipoint, mesh support. Physical layer 10 - 66GHz, TDMA, TDD, FDD, 2 -11 GHz, SC2, OFDM, OFDMA, QPSK, QAM, Radio Link Control (RLC), uplink, downlink. MAC layer Traffic types (continuous, bursty), QoS, service types. MAC operations, connection oriented, frame structure, addressing. Convergence sublayers, service specific, common part, profiles (IP, ATM). Bandwidth request-grant, ARQ, Management messages. Security MAC privacy sublayer, network access authentication, AAA, 802.1x, key exchange and privacy. WiMAX alternatives WiMAX vs. 3G, WiMAX vs. 802.20.

SS7 training course description An Introduction to Signalling System No 7. Covering the terminology, technology and topology of the Core Signalling System. What will you learn Describe the evolution of SS7. Identify the component parts of SS7. Describe the basic method of operation of SS7. Describe a basic call set-up and clear within SS7. SS7 training course details Who will benefit: Network/Systems engineers Operators/Planners. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days SS7 training course contents Introduction Digital Signalling, CAS, CAS Applications, CCS, Layer 1, Layer 2 (HDLC), Layer 3, Evolution of SS7, Common SS7 functions. Physical Functionality SS7 Topology, Service Switching Point (SSP), Signalling Transfer Point (STP), Service Control Point (SCP), Database Types, CMSDB, NP, LIDB, HLR, VLR, Signalling Modes, Link Types, Further Redundancy, Linksets, Signalling Routes. Addressing Addressing in SS7, E.164, ANSI PCs, ITU-T (CCITT) PCs, Connecting Networks (ISPs/NSPs). Message Transfer Part SS7 Protocol Stack, MTP Level 1, MTP Level 2, Signalling Units, Flow Control, Fill In Signalling Unit (FISU), Link Status Signalling Unit (LSSU), Message Signalling Unit (MSU), MTP Level 3. Application and User Parts Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP), Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP), Telephone User Part, BTUP, ISDN User Part (ISUP), ISUP - Supplementary Services, ISUP - Call, Call Set-up over SS7. The Intelligent Network Function of IN, Evolution of IN, Conceptual Model, Target Services and Service Features, Independent Building Blocks.

SolarWinds NPM training course description A hands on course providing a solid foundation on network management using SolarWinds. The course specifically focusses on SolarWinds Orion Network Performance Monitor. The course starts with configuring agents and device discovery, onto exploiting SNMP with SolarWinds and then Alerts, reports and customisation of menus, views and maps. What will you learn Discover devices using Solarwinds. Use Solarwinds. Poll and monitor devices using Solarwinds. Create Alarms and reports. Diagnose faults using Solarwinds. SolarWinds NPM training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with Solarwinds. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days SolarWinds NPM training course content Getting started with SolarWinds What is SolarWinds, Products, ICMP, WMI, SNMP. Installing SolarWinds. Hands on Connecting to SolarWinds, configuring users and groups, using SolarWinds. Device discovery with SolarWinds Manual discovery, automatic discovery, controlling IP discovery, polling, thresholds. Hands on Adding ICMP only, SNMP and WMI nodes. dependencies, groups. Agents Configuring Cisco devices for SNMP support, communities, traps, syslog. MIBs, SNMPv3, obtaining MIB information. Universal device poller. Hands on MIB browser, MIB walking, syslog. Message center. Using SolarWinds The home page, Views, changing views, adding views. Hands on Views and menu customisation. Server monitoring. Alerts Filters, acknowledgements, notes. Basic alert configuration, Advanced alert configuration. Hands on Configuring alerts. Reports Creating reports, on demand reports, scheduled reports, customising reports, adding reports to views. Standard reports. Hands on Performance reports. Graphs. Maps Orion Network Atlas, the background, adding objects, connect now, applying to views. Hands on Customising a map. Administration Backups, the database.

IP addressing and subnetting course description A course focusing purely on IP addressing and subnetting. The course assumes that delegates already have some knowledge of IP addressing. In particular delegates will be able to calculate subnet numbers in seconds without using binary. What will you learn Download and install Wireshark. Calculate subnet numbers in seconds Design IP addressing schemes. Troubleshoot IP address problems. Calculate CIDR prefixes in seconds IP addressing and subnetting course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with TCP/IP. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation for engineers Duration 2 days IP addressing and subnetting course contents IP addressing review What is an IP address? What is a subnet? Classless IP addressing. The rules of IP addressing. Ways IP addresses are used: On hosts, in packets, in routing tables. Hands on Byte boundary subnetting. Configuring IP addresses Interfaces, Static vs. dynamic configuration. DHCP: Scopes, leases, relays, using multiple DHCP servers. Multihoming. Subnetting Default subnet masks, subnet notations. How to subnet without binary. VLSMs. Hands on Bit boundary subnetting. Address ranges and routing Routing tables, IP address spoofing, host specific routing, subnets in routing tables, supernets in routing tables. CIDR. Impact of choice of routing protocol. Hands on IP addressing plans. Allocations and assignments IAB, IANA, RIRs, RIPE, LIRs and ISPs. PI vs. PA addressing. Hands on Querying the RIPE database. Private addressing and NAT NAT, NAPT, NAT terms, private addresses, NAT operation, NAT architecture, NAT and security, why use NAT? NAT-ALG, Types of NAT, RSIP. Special use addresses Unicasts, broadcasts, multicasts, anycasts. Directed broadcasts. Allowing broadcasts through routers.

LTE training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. LTE training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days LTE training course contents LTE Introduction The path to LTE, 3GPP. LTE to LTE advanced. LTE Architecture The core, Access, roaming. Protocols: User plane, Control plane. Example information flows. Bearer management. Spectrum allocation. LTE technologies Transmission, reception, OFDMA, multiple antenna, MIMO. LTE Air interface Air interface protocol stack. Channels, Resource Grid, cell acquisition. Up and downlink controls. Layer 2 protocols. Cell acquisition Power on, selecting networks and cells. RRC connection. Attach procedure. Mobility management Roaming, RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, cell reselection, handover, interoperation with UMTS and GSM networks. Voice and text IMS, QoS, policy and charging.