355 Summary courses in Cardiff delivered Live Online

Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)® Exam Prep: Virtual In-House Training This course gives you the knowledge you need to pass the exam and covers CAPM®-critical information on project management theory, principles, techniques, and methods Are you planning on taking the CAPM® examination? This course gives you the knowledge you need to pass the exam and covers CAPM®-critical information on project management theory, principles, techniques, and methods. You'll also have an opportunity for practical applications and time to review the kinds of questions you'll find in the CAPM® Exam. What you Will Learn Apply for the CAPM® Examination Develop a personal exam preparation plan Describe the structure, intent, and framework principles of the current edition of the PMBOK® Guide Explain the PMBOK® Guide Knowledge Areas, as well as their inter-relationships with the each other and the Process Groups Getting Started Program orientation The CAPM® certification process Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM®) Examination Content Outline CAPM® eligibility requirements Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Application options Foundation Concepts Skills and qualities of a project manager Project management terminology and definitions Relationship of project, program, portfolio, and operations management Project lifecycle approaches Project Integration Management Review Project Integration Management Knowledge Area Develop Project Charter Develop Project Management Plan Direct and Manage Project Work Manage Project Knowledge Monitoring and Controlling Perform Integrated Change Control Close Project or Phase Project Stakeholder Management Review Project Stakeholder Management Knowledge Area Identify Stakeholders Plan Stakeholder Engagement Manage Stakeholder Engagement Monitor Stakeholder Engagement Project Scope Management Review Project Scope Management Knowledge Area Plan Scope Management Collect Requirements Define Scope Create WBS Validate Scope Control Scope Project Schedule Management Review Project Schedule Management Knowledge Area Plan Schedule Management Define Activities Sequence Activities Estimate Activity Durations Develop Schedule Control Schedule Project Cost Management Review Project Cost Management Knowledge Area Plan Cost Management Estimate Costs Determine Budget Control Schedule Project Resource Management Review Project Resource Management Knowledge Area Plan Resource Management Estimate Activity Resources Acquire Resources Develop Team Manage Team Control Resources Project Quality Management Review Project Quality Management Knowledge Area Plan Quality Management Manage Quality Control Quality Project Risk Management Review Project Risk Management Knowledge Area Plan Risk Management Identify Risks Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis Plan Risk Responses Implement Risk Responses Monitor Risks Project Communications Management Review Project Communications Management Knowledge Area Plan Communications Management Manage Communications Monitor Communications Project Procurement Management Review Project Procurement Management Knowledge Area Plan Procurement Management Conduct Procurements Control Procurements Summary and Next Steps Program Review Mock CAPM® Exam Getting Prepared for the CAPM® Exam After the CAPM® Exam

Effective Presentation Skills: In-House Training In today's results-oriented, global working environment, the ability to create and deliver presentations effectively is a necessary skill set for people at all levels of an organization. Regardless of your role, it's important to know how to synthesize your ideas into a coherent and focused narrative, add visuals that support and reinforce your message, and deliver it in a way that resonates with your audience. In this highly interactive course, we will unpack and practice some of the tools and techniques used by top speakers and influencers all over the world. In this engaging two-day course, you will plan, write, refine, practice, and deliver a presentation to the class. Your presentation will be filmed on both days, and you will leave the course with a flash-drive copy of your videos; participants of the virtual classroom workshop should be prepared to present via webcam. In addition to discovering and enhancing your own personal delivery style, you will learn how to create an overarching goal for your presentation and then organize and structure it for maximum impact. You'll gain insight into how to anticipate your audience's needs and tailor the content and delivery in a way that connects with them and sustains their attention and engagement. You will also learn skills that will help you control nervous energy, remain focused on and attuned to your audience, improvise under pressure, deal effectively with questions, and build a compelling call to action. What you will Learn At the end of this program, you will be able to: Construct an effective presentation goal statement, opening, body, and closing that connect with an audience Analyze an audience's needs and style preferences, including relevant DiSC®-related elements Deliver a complete criteria-based presentation that will persuade others Align usage of visuals as well as verbal and non-verbal techniques to maximize the impact of your presentation Getting Started Introductions and social agreements Course structure Course goals and objectives Opening activities Planning and Organizing Video: 'The Art of Misdirection' Setting your presentation goal Writing a goal statement Analyzing your audience Applying the 'reality' test Creating and strengthening supports Structuring your presentation 5 components of an effective opening Presentation body Presentation closing Write your presentation opening Audience Analysis Video: 'How to Tie Your Shoes' Everything DiSC® introduction Audience DiSC® Styles Analyzing your audience Further audience analysis Effective Delivery Delivery challenges: virtual and in-person Keeping your audience engaged Your body as your instrument Verbal / paraverbal elements Body stance and nonverbal communication What are your 'tells?' Controlling nervousness Staying attuned to your audience Responding to questions Review and edit your opening Deliver your opening Visuals and Enriching Elements Using images in your presentation Guidelines for visual composition Using questions to engage your audience The power of the pause Practicing and Applying What You've Learned Preparation Delivery Feedback Opportunity to put into practice the program content and receive a video copy Summary and Next Steps What did we learn and how can we implement this in our work environment? Your personal action plan

Official BRCGS Professional 3-Day Fast Track program. Delivered online (Zoom) by a live BRCGS Approved Training Partner. Exam and Certificate fee included in the price.

Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for Business Analysts, Technical Managers, and Programmers Overview This intensive training course helps students learn the practical aspects of the R programming language. The course is supplemented by many hands-on labs which allow attendees to immediately apply their theoretical knowledge in practice. Over the past few years, R has been steadily gaining popularity with business analysts, statisticians and data scientists as a tool of choice for conducting statistical analysis of data as well as supervised and unsupervised machine learning. What is R ? What is R? ? Positioning of R in the Data Science Space ? The Legal Aspects ? Microsoft R Open ? R Integrated Development Environments ? Running R ? Running RStudio ? Getting Help ? General Notes on R Commands and Statements ? Assignment Operators ? R Core Data Structures ? Assignment Example ? R Objects and Workspace ? Printing Objects ? Arithmetic Operators ? Logical Operators ? System Date and Time ? Operations ? User-defined Functions ? Control Statements ? Conditional Execution ? Repetitive Execution ? Repetitive execution ? Built-in Functions ? Summary Introduction to Functional Programming with R ? What is Functional Programming (FP)? ? Terminology: Higher-Order Functions ? A Short List of Languages that Support FP ? Functional Programming in R ? Vector and Matrix Arithmetic ? Vector Arithmetic Example ? More Examples of FP in R ? Summary Managing Your Environment ? Getting and Setting the Working Directory ? Getting the List of Files in a Directory ? The R Home Directory ? Executing External R commands ? Loading External Scripts in RStudio ? Listing Objects in Workspace ? Removing Objects in Workspace ? Saving Your Workspace in R ? Saving Your Workspace in RStudio ? Saving Your Workspace in R GUI ? Loading Your Workspace ? Diverting Output to a File ? Batch (Unattended) Processing ? Controlling Global Options ? Summary R Type System and Structures ? The R Data Types ? System Date and Time ? Formatting Date and Time ? Using the mode() Function ? R Data Structures ? What is the Type of My Data Structure? ? Creating Vectors ? Logical Vectors ? Character Vectors ? Factorization ? Multi-Mode Vectors ? The Length of the Vector ? Getting Vector Elements ? Lists ? A List with Element Names ? Extracting List Elements ? Adding to a List ? Matrix Data Structure ? Creating Matrices ? Creating Matrices with cbind() and rbind() ? Working with Data Frames ? Matrices vs Data Frames ? A Data Frame Sample ? Creating a Data Frame ? Accessing Data Cells ? Getting Info About a Data Frame ? Selecting Columns in Data Frames ? Selecting Rows in Data Frames ? Getting a Subset of a Data Frame ? Sorting (ordering) Data in Data Frames by Attribute(s) ? Editing Data Frames ? The str() Function ? Type Conversion (Coercion) ? The summary() Function ? Checking an Object's Type ? Summary Extending R ? The Base R Packages ? Loading Packages ? What is the Difference between Package and Library? ? Extending R ? The CRAN Web Site ? Extending R in R GUI ? Extending R in RStudio ? Installing and Removing Packages from Command-Line ? Summary Read-Write and Import-Export Operations in R ? Reading Data from a File into a Vector ? Example of Reading Data from a File into A Vector ? Writing Data to a File ? Example of Writing Data to a File ? Reading Data into A Data Frame ? Writing CSV Files ? Importing Data into R ? Exporting Data from R ? Summary Statistical Computing Features in R ? Statistical Computing Features ? Descriptive Statistics ? Basic Statistical Functions ? Examples of Using Basic Statistical Functions ? Non-uniformity of a Probability Distribution ? Writing Your Own skew and kurtosis Functions ? Generating Normally Distributed Random Numbers ? Generating Uniformly Distributed Random Numbers ? Using the summary() Function ? Math Functions Used in Data Analysis ? Examples of Using Math Functions ? Correlations ? Correlation Example ? Testing Correlation Coefficient for Significance ? The cor.test() Function ? The cor.test() Example ? Regression Analysis ? Types of Regression ? Simple Linear Regression Model ? Least-Squares Method (LSM) ? LSM Assumptions ? Fitting Linear Regression Models in R ? Example of Using lm() ? Confidence Intervals for Model Parameters ? Example of Using lm() with a Data Frame ? Regression Models in Excel ? Multiple Regression Analysis ? Summary Data Manipulation and Transformation in R ? Applying Functions to Matrices and Data Frames ? The apply() Function ? Using apply() ? Using apply() with a User-Defined Function ? apply() Variants ? Using tapply() ? Adding a Column to a Data Frame ? Dropping A Column in a Data Frame ? The attach() and detach() Functions ? Sampling ? Using sample() for Generating Labels ? Set Operations ? Example of Using Set Operations ? The dplyr Package ? Object Masking (Shadowing) Considerations ? Getting More Information on dplyr in RStudio ? The search() or searchpaths() Functions ? Handling Large Data Sets in R with the data.table Package ? The fread() and fwrite() functions from the data.table Package ? Using the Data Table Structure ? Summary Data Visualization in R ? Data Visualization ? Data Visualization in R ? The ggplot2 Data Visualization Package ? Creating Bar Plots in R ? Creating Horizontal Bar Plots ? Using barplot() with Matrices ? Using barplot() with Matrices Example ? Customizing Plots ? Histograms in R ? Building Histograms with hist() ? Example of using hist() ? Pie Charts in R ? Examples of using pie() ? Generic X-Y Plotting ? Examples of the plot() function ? Dot Plots in R ? Saving Your Work ? Supported Export Options ? Plots in RStudio ? Saving a Plot as an Image ? Summary Using R Efficiently ? Object Memory Allocation Considerations ? Garbage Collection ? Finding Out About Loaded Packages ? Using the conflicts() Function ? Getting Information About the Object Source Package with the pryr Package ? Using the where() Function from the pryr Package ? Timing Your Code ? Timing Your Code with system.time() ? Timing Your Code with System.time() ? Sleeping a Program ? Handling Large Data Sets in R with the data.table Package ? Passing System-Level Parameters to R ? Summary Lab Exercises Lab 1 - Getting Started with R Lab 2 - Learning the R Type System and Structures Lab 3 - Read and Write Operations in R Lab 4 - Data Import and Export in R Lab 5 - k-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm Lab 6 - Creating Your Own Statistical Functions Lab 7 - Simple Linear Regression Lab 8 - Monte-Carlo Simulation (Method) Lab 9 - Data Processing with R Lab 10 - Using R Graphics Package Lab 11 - Using R Efficiently

Scrum Master Exam Prep This workshop prepares you for the Scrum.org Professional Scrum Master (PSM)™ I certification. A voucher for the exam and the access information you will need to take the exam will be provided to you via email after you have completed the course. NOTE: If you have participated in any of IIL's other Scrum workshops, you can bypass this program and focus on reading/studying the Scrum Guide and taking practice exams from Scrum.org. A Scrum Master helps project teams properly use the Scrum framework, increasing the likelihood of the project's overall success. Scrum Masters understand Scrum values, practices, and applications and provide a level of knowledge and expertise above and beyond that of typical project managers. Scrum Masters act as 'servant leaders', helping the rest of the Scrum Team work together and learn the Scrum framework. Scrum Masters also protect the team from both internal and external distractions. The Professional Scrum Master™ I (PSM I) certificate is a Scrum.org credential that enables successful candidates to demonstrate a fundamental level of Scrum mastery. PSM I credential holders will grasp Scrum as described in The Scrum Guide™1 and recognize how those concepts can be applied. They will also share a consistent terminology and approach to Scrum with other certified professionals. Scrum.org does not require that you take their own sponsored or any preparatory training. However, training can facilitate your preparation for this credential. And this course is based on IIL's Scrum Master Workshop, which is aligned with The Scrum Guide™ and was built based on PSM I credentialed expertise. It will provide you with the information you need to pass the exam and IIL will make the arrangements for your online exam. You will be provided with an exam code and instructions, so that you can take the exam at your convenience, any time you are ready after the course. Passwords have no expiration date, but they are valid for one attempt only. What you will Learn You'll learn how to: Successfully prepare for the Scrum.org PSM I exam Comprehend the Agile Manifesto and mindset Explain the fundamental principles of Scrum, including events, artifacts, and roles Guide the Scrum team in their responsibilities Define Ready and Done Write requirements in the form of user stories Estimate using planning poker and prioritize using MoSCoW Facilitate the team through the 5 Sprint events Fulfill the role of Scrum Master in a Scrum project Create Information Radiators to enable transparency Define the structure of the retrospective Getting Started Introductions Workshop orientation Exam prep preview Foundation Concepts Agile History, Values, and Mindset Introduction to Scrum Scrum events Scrum artifacts Scrum Roles and Responsibilities Product Owner responsibilities Scrum Master responsibilities The Team responsibilities Cross-functional teams Building effective teams The Product Backlog and User Stories The Product Backlog User Stories Definition of Done Backlog grooming Estimating User Stories Story points, planning poker Prioritizing User Stories The Sprint Team capacity and velocity The Sprint Planning Meeting The Sprint Backlog The Sprint Learning to self-manage, self-organize, self-improve Sprint Review and Retrospective Project Progress and Completion The Daily Scrum The Task Board and The Burndown Chart Information Radiators Closing a Scrum Project Summary and Next Steps Review of course goals, objectives, and content Exam prep next steps

Scrum Product Owner Exam Prep: In-House Training This workshop prepares you for the Scrum.org PSPO™ I certification. A voucher for the exam and the access information you will need to take the exam will be provided to you via email after you have completed the course. NOTE: If you have participated in any of IIL's other Scrum workshops, you can bypass this program and focus on reading/studying the Scrum Guide and taking practice exams from Scrum.org The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team. The Product Owner must be knowledgeable, available, and empowered to make decisions quickly in order for an Agile project to be successful. The Product Owner's key accountability is the Product Backlog. Managing, maintaining, and evolving the Product Backlog involves: Establishing a clear vision that engages the Development Team and stakeholders Clearly expressing Product Backlog items Ordering the items in the Product Backlog to best achieve the vision and goals Ensuring that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all Working with the Development Team throughout the project to create a product that fits the customer's need The Professional Scrum Product Owner™ I (PSPO I) certificate is a Scrum.org credential that enables successful candidates to demonstrate a fundamental level of Scrum mastery. PSPO I credential holders demonstrate an intermediate understanding of the Scrum framework, and how to apply it to maximize the value delivered with a product. They will exhibit a dedication to continued professional development, and a high level of commitment to their field of practice. Scrum.org does not require that you take their own sponsored or any preparatory training. However, training can facilitate your preparation for this credential. And this course is based on IIL's Scrum Product Owner Workshop, which is aligned with The Scrum Guide™. It will provide you with the information you need to pass the exam and IIL will make the arrangements for your online exam. You will be provided with an exam code and instructions, so that you can take the exam at your convenience, any time you are ready after the course. Passwords have no expiration date, but they are valid for one attempt only. See additional exam details on the next page. What you will Learn You'll learn how to: Successfully prepare for the Scrum.org PSPO I exam Identify the characteristics of a successful Product Owner Create a powerful vision statement Apply techniques to understand your customers and the market Manage and engage stakeholders Write effective user stories with acceptance criteria Utilize techniques to visualize and prioritize the Product Backlog Participate in the 5 Scrum events as the Product Owner Understand the Product Owner's role in closing a Scrum project Getting Started Introductions Workshop orientation Exam prep preview Fundamentals Recap Agile Manifesto, values, and mindset Product Owner characteristics Good vs. great Product Owner Product Ownership Product ownership Project vision Understand your customers and market Personas Stakeholder management and engagement The Product Backlog User Stories and Acceptance Criteria Preparing User Stories for a Sprint The Product Backlog Visualizing the Product Backlog Product Backlog Prioritization Technical Debt Sprint Planning and Daily Standups Sprint Planning Planning Poker Team Engagement Daily Standups Sprint Review, Retrospectives, and Closing Sprint Reviews Key Agile Patterns Retrospectives Closing the Project Summary and Next Steps Review of course goals, objectives, and content Exam prep next steps

Access Introduction generally navigate through Access Database, get data fast, update data records by entering, update data and delete data. Run available report, use available forms, create simple forms and reports via wizards. This style tuition helps to maximise the value that you get from the day.

Project Leadership Skills: Virtual In-House Training To be effective within an organization, project managers need to have a wide variety of skills and abilities. Included among these are: creating and executing on a vision; motivating others; influencing without authority; networking; communicating up, down and laterally; negotiating; managing stakeholders; and managing conflict. This highly interactive workshop focuses on building the soft skills that are critical to leading a team and creating sustainable business change. Participants will gain insight into the social science as well as the brain science behind motivating and empowering others. They will learn and experiment with a variety of influencing strategies and tactics. Working in pairs as well as small groups, they will collaborate with others to brainstorm, share experiences, and apply concepts to everyday challenges. Participants will also discover their personal communication preferences, strengths, and blind spots and will gain insight into how best to communicate with others they find 'difficult.' They will gain insight into managing the people side of change, learning strategies for dealing with each step in the process. Hands-on negotiation and conflict management activities enhance the theoretical learning, grounding it in real life and making it actionable. Interweaving role play with experiential learning and group activities, this course will help participants refine a skill set that is invaluable to their organization, and one that transfers easily across their professional and personal lives. What You Will Learn At the end of this course, you will be able to: Explain the importance of vision in driving motivation and engagement Apply science-based research to better motivate those around you Strategically leverage both personal and positional power to achieve positive project results Determine influencing and networking strategies needed for personal growth Identify ways to problem solve communication challenges when others have different personality styles Connect stakeholder expectations to project success criteria Assess key stakeholders across various dimensions of complexity Apply the four rules of principled negotiation to a real-life conflict situation Recognize key aspects of a physiological response to conflict Utilize selected tools and techniques to 'defuse' an emotional situation Leverage various strategies and tactics to successfully deal with ambiguity at work Getting Started / Foundation Concepts Introductions Course structure, goals, and objectives Beginning a personal action plan Managing Vision and Purpose / Motivating Others Communicating and aligning around vision Tying the present to the future The importance of purpose The art and science of motivation Networking and Influencing Positive politics and project success Types of power within organizations Power and influence Networking best practices Communication The medium and the message Personality and communication styles Communication challenges Stakeholder Management and Negotiation Identifying stakeholders Analyzing stakeholders Negotiation basics Principled negotiation Conflict Management Dynamics of conflict The anatomy of conflict Conflict management approaches and tools Dealing with ambiguity Summary and Next Steps Key concepts review Creating your personal action plan

Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for Individuals involved in IT development, IT operations or IT service management; Those whose role is touched by DevOps and continuous delivery, such as the following IT roles: DevOps engineers, Product owners Integration specialists, Operations managers, Incident & change managers, System administrators, Network administrators, Business managers, Automation architects, Enterprise architects, Testers Overview Know the emergence of DevOps Know the core concepts and principles of DevOps Know what DevOps means for you as professional and for your organization Know the essence of a DevOps culture Understand the key elements of a DevOps culture Know the important aspects when creating a DevOps culture Know the Operational models of DevOps Understand the need for autonomous teams Understand the impact of DevOps on Architecture with respect to deployment Understand governance within DevOps teams Understand Agile, Scrum and Kanban and how these practices relate to one another Understand how ITSM processes relate to practices in a DevOps culture Understand how lean is used to optimise processes Know how to provide a Value Stream Map for a given process Understand the way to harvest new and innovative ideas Know the impact of automation on Software Delivery processes Understand the benefits and core principles of Continuous Delivery Describe the key cloud principles for DevOps organisations Know the relevance of monitoring and logging DevOps This course is designed to provide the core education necessary to build your DevOps vocabulary and to understand its principles and practices. With the help of key DevOps concepts and terminology, real-life case studies, examples and interactive group discussions and extensive exercises in each module you will acquire a fundamental understanding of DevOps. Introduction Let?s Get to Know Each Other Overview Course Objectives Mapping of the Competence Model with the Course Modules Course Agenda Type of Activities Exam Course Book Technical Glossary Group Activity Module Summary DevOps Introduction Module Objectives Module Topics Emergence of DevOps Core Concepts of DevOps DevOps Agile Skills Association (DASA) Module Summary Module End Questions Culture Module Objectives Module Topics Essence of a DevOps Culture Key Elements of DevOps Implementation of a DevOps Culture Module Summary Module End Questions Organization Module Objectives Module Topics Organizational Model Autonomous Teams Architecting for DevOps Governance Module Summary Module End Questions Processes Module Objectives Module Topics Process Basics DevOps in Relation to ITSM Agile and Scrum 12 Principles of the Agile Manifesto Optimizing Processes Using Lean Business Value Optimization and Business Analysis Using Story Mapping Module Summary Module End Questions Automation Module Objectives 6A Automation Concepts Automation for Delivery of Software Continuous Delivery Core Concepts Continuous Delivery Automation Concepts Continuous Delivery Automation Focus Topics 6B Data Center Automation Emergence of Cloud Technology and Principles Cloud Services Concepts in a DevOps Organization Automated Provisioning Concepts Platform Product Characteristics and Application Maturity Module Summary Module End Questions Measure and Improvement Module Objectives Module Topics Importance of Measurement Choosing the Right Metrics Monitoring and Logging Module Summary Module End Questions

Project Leadership Skills: In-House Training To be effective within an organization, project managers need to have a wide variety of skills and abilities. Included among these are: creating and executing on a vision; motivating others; influencing without authority; networking; communicating up, down and laterally; negotiating; managing stakeholders; and managing conflict. This highly interactive workshop focuses on building the soft skills that are critical to leading a team and creating sustainable business change. Participants will gain insight into the social science as well as the brain science behind motivating and empowering others. They will learn and experiment with a variety of influencing strategies and tactics. Working in pairs as well as small groups, they will collaborate with others to brainstorm, share experiences, and apply concepts to everyday challenges. Participants will also discover their personal communication preferences, strengths, and blind spots and will gain insight into how best to communicate with others they find 'difficult.' They will gain insight into managing the people side of change, learning strategies for dealing with each step in the process. Hands-on negotiation and conflict management activities enhance the theoretical learning, grounding it in real life and making it actionable. Interweaving role play with experiential learning and group activities, this course will help participants refine a skill set that is invaluable to their organization, and one that transfers easily across their professional and personal lives. What You Will Learn At the end of this course, you will be able to: Explain the importance of vision in driving motivation and engagement Apply science-based research to better motivate those around you Strategically leverage both personal and positional power to achieve positive project results Determine influencing and networking strategies needed for personal growth Identify ways to problem solve communication challenges when others have different personality styles Connect stakeholder expectations to project success criteria Assess key stakeholders across various dimensions of complexity Apply the four rules of principled negotiation to a real-life conflict situation Recognize key aspects of a physiological response to conflict Utilize selected tools and techniques to 'defuse' an emotional situation Leverage various strategies and tactics to successfully deal with ambiguity at work Getting Started / Foundation Concepts Introductions Course structure, goals, and objectives Beginning a personal action plan Managing Vision and Purpose / Motivating Others Communicating and aligning around vision Tying the present to the future The importance of purpose The art and science of motivation Networking and Influencing Positive politics and project success Types of power within organizations Power and influence Networking best practices Communication The medium and the message Personality and communication styles Communication challenges Stakeholder Management and Negotiation Identifying stakeholders Analyzing stakeholders Negotiation basics Principled negotiation Conflict Management Dynamics of conflict The anatomy of conflict Conflict management approaches and tools Dealing with ambiguity Summary and Next Steps Key concepts review Creating your personal action plan