464 Storytelling courses

Level 5 & 7 Endorsed Diploma | QLS Hard Copy Certificates Included | Plus 5 CPD Courses | Lifetime Access

Unleash your creativity and master the art of writing horror stories with our Creative Writing Course - Horror. Learn effective techniques, understand key elements of horror literature, and acquire skills in crafting compelling narratives that chill to the bone. Perfect for aspiring writers, horror enthusiasts, and creative individuals, this course offers expert guidance, unique materials, and flexible study options.

🌟 Unlock the Power of First Impressions with 'Crafting Compelling Introductions: Transforming Your Elevator Pitch' Course! 🌟   Are you tired of stumbling over your words when someone asks, 'What do you do?' Do you want to captivate your audience right from the start and leave a lasting impact? Look no further! Our comprehensive online course is designed to help you master the art of crafting compelling introductions and transforming your elevator pitch into a magnetic tool that opens doors and seals deals.   🚀 Elevate Your Introduction Game: Why Choose This Course? 🚀   ✨ Transformative Techniques: Learn expert strategies and techniques to craft captivating introductions that command attention and leave a lasting impression. Whether you're networking, pitching, or meeting someone new, you'll captivate your audience from the get-go.   ✨ Tailored Guidance: Gain insights from seasoned professionals who have mastered the art of the perfect introduction. Our course instructors provide personalized feedback and guidance to refine your pitch to perfection.   ✨ Practical Exercises: Put theory into action! Engage in hands-on exercises and real-world scenarios to hone your skills. From crafting your unique value proposition to engaging storytelling, you'll practice until your introduction shines.   ✨ Elevator Pitch Makeover: Transform your existing elevator pitch into a compelling narrative that resonates with your audience, compelling them to want to know more about you and what you offer.   ✨ Lifetime Access: Enjoy unlimited access to course materials, updates, and additional resources. Take the course at your own pace and revisit modules whenever you need a refresher.   🎓 What You'll Learn 🎓   🌟 Techniques to grab attention within the first few seconds. 🌟 Crafting a concise and impactful elevator pitch. 🌟 Using storytelling techniques to create an emotional connection. 🌟 Adapting your pitch to various audiences and situations. 🌟 Strategies for confident and engaging delivery.   🔥 Don't miss this opportunity to transform your introductions and make a lasting impression! Enroll now and step into a world where your elevator pitch becomes your most powerful tool! 🔥 Course Curriculum ELEVATOR PITCH How to Turn Your Killer Elevator Speech into a Self Introduction 00:00

Register on the Digital Journalism today and build the experience, skills and knowledge you need to enhance your professional development and work towards your dream job. Study this course through online learning and take the first steps towards a long-term career. The course consists of a number of easy to digest, in-depth modules, designed to provide you with a detailed, expert level of knowledge. Learn through a mixture of instructional video lessons and online study materials. Receive online tutor support as you study the course, to ensure you are supported every step of the way. Get a digital certificate as proof of your course completion. The Digital Journalism is incredibly great value and allows you to study at your own pace. Access the course modules from any internet-enabled device, including computers, tablet, and smartphones. The course is designed to increase your employability and equip you with everything you need to be a success. Enrol on the now and start learning instantly! What You Get With The Digital Journalism Receive a e-certificate upon successful completion of the course Get taught by experienced, professional instructors Study at a time and pace that suits your learning style Get instant feedback on assessments 24/7 help and advice via email or live chat Get full tutor support on weekdays (Monday to Friday) Course Design The course is delivered through our online learning platform, accessible through any internet-connected device. There are no formal deadlines or teaching schedules, meaning you are free to study the course at your own pace. You are taught through a combination of Video lessons Online study materials Certification Upon successful completion of the course, you will be able to obtain your course completion e-certificate free of cost. Print copy by post is also available at an additional cost of £9.99 and PDF Certificate at £4.99. Who Is This Course For: The course is ideal for those who already work in this sector or are an aspiring professional. This course is designed to enhance your expertise and boost your CV. Learn key skills and gain a professional qualification to prove your newly-acquired knowledge. Requirements: The online training is open to all students and has no formal entry requirements. To study the Digital Journalism, all your need is a passion for learning, a good understanding of English, numeracy, and IT skills. You must also be over the age of 16. Course Content Module 01: Digital Journalism Overview Digital Journalism Overview 00:16:00 Module 02: Hypertext and Storyboard Hypertext and Storyboard 00:10:00 Module 03: Digital Storytelling Basics: Writing, Blogging, Photography Digital Storytelling Basics: Writing, Blogging, Photography 00:14:00 Module 04: Digital Storytelling Basics: Audio, Video, Graphics Digital Storytelling Basics: Audio, Video, Graphics 00:14:00 Module 05: Finding Trustworthy Information Online Finding Trustworthy Information Online 00:12:00 Module 06: Multimedia Newsgathering Multimedia Newsgathering 00:12:00 Module 07: Verification and Reporting Verification and Reporting 00:14:00 Module 08: Online Networks Online Networks 00:14:00 Module 09: Wellness and Resilience Wellness and Resilience 00:12:00 Module 10: Technologies and Platform Technologies and Platform 00:12:00 Module 11: Journalism Law and Ethics Journalism Law and Ethics 00:16:00 Frequently Asked Questions Are there any prerequisites for taking the course? There are no specific prerequisites for this course, nor are there any formal entry requirements. All you need is an internet connection, a good understanding of English and a passion for learning for this course. Can I access the course at any time, or is there a set schedule? You have the flexibility to access the course at any time that suits your schedule. Our courses are self-paced, allowing you to study at your own pace and convenience. How long will I have access to the course? For this course, you will have access to the course materials for 1 year only. This means you can review the content as often as you like within the year, even after you've completed the course. However, if you buy Lifetime Access for the course, you will be able to access the course for a lifetime. Is there a certificate of completion provided after completing the course? Yes, upon successfully completing the course, you will receive a certificate of completion. This certificate can be a valuable addition to your professional portfolio and can be shared on your various social networks. Can I switch courses or get a refund if I'm not satisfied with the course? We want you to have a positive learning experience. If you're not satisfied with the course, you can request a course transfer or refund within 14 days of the initial purchase. How do I track my progress in the course? Our platform provides tracking tools and progress indicators for each course. You can monitor your progress, completed lessons, and assessments through your learner dashboard for the course. What if I have technical issues or difficulties with the course? If you encounter technical issues or content-related difficulties with the course, our support team is available to assist you. You can reach out to them for prompt resolution.

Are you ready to take your public relations skills to the next level? Enroll in our comprehensive Public Relation Level 3 course and become a master of strategic communication and media relations. This advanced course is designed to equip you with the expertise needed to excel in the dynamic world of public relations. Key Features: CPD Certified Free Certificate from Reed CIQ Approved Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this Public Relations Level 3 course, learners will gain a comprehensive understanding of how public relations (PR) functions within organizations. They will learn about the principles and practices of PR, including its ethical aspects and professionalism. The course covers various tactics and research methods used in PR campaigns, as well as the power of storytelling and effective public speaking skills. Learners will explore the role of social media in PR and how to leverage it for communication purposes. They will also delve into becoming influencers and the importance of body language in effective communication. Crisis management strategies and the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are also key components of the curriculum. Additionally, learners will gain insights into cross-cultural awareness and communication, which are crucial for working in diverse teams and managing PR in global contexts. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Public Relations Module 02: Major Fields of Public Relations Practice Part I Module 03: Major Fields of Public Relations Practice Part II Module 04: Management and Organisation of Public Relations Module 05: Ethics and Professionalism in Public Relations Module 06: Public Relations Tactics and Research Module 07: Concepts of Public Relations Module 08: Power of Storytelling Module 09: Public Speaking Module 10: Social Media and PR Module 11: Becoming an Influencer Module 12: Importance of Body Language Module 13: Decision Making with Critical Thinking Module 14: Crisis Management Module 15: Copy of Corporate Cross-Cultural Awareness Module 16: Copy of Cross-Cultural Communication Module 17: Copy of Cultural Values Module 18: Copy of Defamation Module 19: Copy of Implementing CSR Module 20: Copy of Introduction to Cross-Cultural Awareness Module 21: Copy of Media Regulatory Bodies Module 22: Copy of Performance Evaluation and Performance Reporting Module 23: Copy of Working with and Managing a Culturally Diverse Team Learning Outcomes Understand the fundamentals of Public Relations and its importance in communication. Identify key fields within Public Relations and their distinct practices. Demonstrate knowledge of ethical standards and professionalism in PR. Apply tactics and research methods effectively in PR campaigns. Analyze the impact of storytelling, public speaking, and social media. Manage crises and implement cross-cultural communication strategies in PR. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Public Relation Level 3 4:45:04 1: Module 01: Introduction to Public Relations 12:45 2: Module 02: Major Fields of Public Relations Practice Part I 14:08 3: Module 03: Major Fields of Public Relations Practice Part II 14:25 4: Module 04: Management and Organisation of Public Relations 10:21 5: Module 05: Ethics and Professionalism in Public Relations 09:01 6: Module 06: Public Relations Tactics and Research 16:34 7: Module 07: Concepts of Public Relations 14:28 8: Module 08: Power of Storytelling 21:26 9: Module 09: Public Speaking 12:34 10: Module 10: Social Media and PR 13:22 11: Module 11: Becoming an Influencer 14:16 12: Module 12: Importance of Body Language 10:48 13: Module 13: Decision Making with Critical Thinking 14:28 14: Module 14: Crisis Management 19:13 15: Module 15: Copy of Corporate Cross-Cultural Awareness 07:09 16: Module 16: Copy of Cross-Cultural Communication 07:24 17: Module 17: Copy of Cultural Values 06:41 18: Module 18: Copy of Defamation 10:56 19: Module 19: Copy of Implementing CSR 11:36 20: Module 20: Copy of Introduction to Cross-Cultural Awareness 06:51 21: Module 21: Copy of Media Regulatory Bodies 19:11 22: Module 22: Copy of Performance Evaluation and Performance Reporting 09:28 23: Module 23: Copy of Working with and Managing a Culturally Diverse Team 06:59 24: CPD Certificate - Free 01:00 Who is this course for? Professionals seeking advanced PR knowledge. Individuals aspiring to become PR specialists. Students pursuing a career in communication and media. Business owners interested in enhancing PR strategies. Anyone looking to understand PR ethics and tactics. Career path PR Manager Communications Specialist Social Media Strategist Crisis Communication Manager Corporate Social Responsibility Coordinator Media Relations Officer Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Reed Courses Certificate of Completion Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for Team leaders, managers, executives and other business professionals who lead others will benefit from this course. Overview Learn to lead in a world of diversity Engage and empower our multi-generational workforce Leverage culture as the new strategic differentiator Develop your path to leadership success In this course, students will learn how to capitalize on the strengths of your diverse team while directing and guiding them to even greater achievements. Private classes on this topic are available. We can address your organization?s issues, time constraints, and save you money, too. Contact us to find out how. 1. A Complex World of Diversity Working in Fluid Dynamic Environments Understanding the New Transient Workforce Addressing the Need for a New Type of Leadership Leading with Authenticity Developing Required Skills and Competencies Decentralizing Power 2. Making Difference Your Strategic Advantage Engaging in the 21st Century Measuring Engagement and Taking Advantage of High Engagement Overcoming Challenges to Employee Engagement Embracing Difference and Bridging Boundaries Developing Cultural Intelligence and Responding Effectively to Cultural Differences Applying SCARF to Direct Behavior 3. Leveraging Change as the New Normal Understanding and Applying Emotional Intelligence Motivating Others Key Areas of Interest - Behavioral and Cognitive, Psychodynamic and Humanistic, and Personality Types Developing Your Leadership Psychological Toolkit Identifying Drivers - Desires and Expectations The Impact of an Environment of Trust Meeting the Needs of the Social Brain Promoting Involvement 4. Creating Leaders for the Future Facing the Challenges of a Modern Leader Avoiding Cultural Pitfalls Creating a Common Culture for All Leading Fluid Teams Seeking Diverse Perspectives Soliciting Feedback Utilizing Various Leadership Styles - Storytelling, Adaptive, and Connective Building a Sustainable Vision, Developing a Path, and Creating a Passion for Excellence Additional course details: Nexus Humans Navigating The Modern Workforce - Diversity, Culture, Generations training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the Navigating The Modern Workforce - Diversity, Culture, Generations course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Data has become the most important resource for every organisation – but the insights gained from data analysis will only ever be truly valuable if they can be clearly expressed to other people.  This course is for anybody who works with data, and needs to communicate the meaning that's in the numbers to colleagues, customers, bosses or external stakeholders.  It will give you or your team the confidence and skills to translate raw data into compelling visual stories for your key audiences. The principles and skills covered apply to the simplest PowerPoint chart, to more complex interactive visualisations.  We’ll work with you before the course to ensure that we understand your organisation and what you’re hoping to achieve.  Sample learning content Session 1: What makes a great data-driven story The key elements of a successful infographic or presentation. Industry best practice, and discussion of good (and bad) examples. A simple framework for identifying the Audience, Story and Action. Session 2: Data in context How to balance function and aesthetic appeal. Identifying the right graph, chart, infographic or other visual. Framing the data and providing contextual information. Session 3: Designing for the human brain Using colours to add emphasis and meaning. Design and layout principles, and creating hierarchies of information. The principle of ‘self-sufficiency’, and removing clutter. Session 4: Navigation and narrative Tailoring visualisations for different types of communications. Structuring presentations and longer reports. Thinking in layers to create interactive dashboards. Delivery We deliver our courses over Zoom, to maximise flexibility. The training can be delivered in a single day, or across multiple sessions. All of our courses are live and interactive – every session includes a mix of formal tuition and hands-on exercises. To ensure this is possible, the number of attendees is capped at 16 people.  Tutor Alan Rutter is the founder of Fire Plus Algebra. He is a specialist in communicating complex subjects through data visualisation, writing and design. He teaches for General Assembly and runs in-house training for public sector clients including the Home Office, the Department of Transport, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Health Foundation, and numerous local government and emergency services teams. He previously worked with Guardian Masterclasses on curating and delivering new course strands, including developing and teaching their B2B data visualisation courses. He oversaw the iPad edition launches of Wired, GQ, Vanity Fair and Vogue in the UK, and has worked with Condé Nast International as product owner on a bespoke digital asset management system for their 11 global markets.
 Testimonial “I was familiar with Alan’s work as a Guardian Masterclass instructor on data visualisation and digital journalism, which made it easy for me to recommend him for onsite training at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. We had a large group of people interested in honing their abilities to depict their research and stories in engaging ways. Alan’s course provided great insight about common communication pitfalls and how to avoid them, how to become better communicators by understanding the audience diversity, and it showcased some great online tools for creating infographics. This should be mandatory training for all students, academics, report writers and those involved with conveying research to the media as it will help increase the clarity and accessibility of our own research stories.”
 Dr Lee Haines | Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

OVERVIEW Prerequisites—DIAD training or equivalent working experience This one-day course will cover Power BI report layouts and structure the agile process to creating Power BI data visualizations. It will help attendees to understand the art behind visualizations, the implications behind choosing the right charts, the impact of color, shape, and size, and finally the use of Power BI custom visuals. The course includes various design patterns of dashboards and reports, as well as best practices for authoring great reports and dashboards for business users. The course content is managed by the Power BI engineering team at Microsoft. There is no exam associated with the course. COURSE BENEFITS: Understand the need for storytelling with data Understand the agile process to creating Power BI data visualizations Understand the art behind visualizations Gain familiarity with Power BI report layouts and structure Understand implications behind choosing the right charts Gain familiarity with using Power BI custom visuals WHO IS THE COURSE FOR? Power BI report developers who wish to improve the aesthetic quality of their reports Power BI and other BI practitioners who would like to understand more about the theory of data visualization BI practitioners who wish to create reports that communicate the meaning behind the data more clearly Power BI users who would like to explore the types of chart and visual available that answer different types of business question COURSE OUTLINE Module 1 What Is Storytelling With Data? Volume, Velocity and Variety The importance of business questions What is a story in this context? Module 2 The Science Behind Data Visualization Basic problems to avoid Memory and visualization Ways to spark iconic, short-term and long-term memory Module 3 The Process Behind Data Visualization Using an agile approach to report development Data structure and data grain Converting the story to a data model Module 4 Dashboards And Reports Terminology and definitions Dashboard layout and structure Report layout and structure Storyboarding Drill-through, bookmarks, toggles and tooltips Module 5 Chart Selection Charts for comparison Time series Proportions Constructing effective tables, cards and slicers Scatterplots Module 6 Accessibility And Custom Visuals Report accessibility checklists Custom visuals Creating a custom R visual Charticulator Module 7 Publishing And Formatting Colour schemes Making a Power BI theme Use of fonts, icons and symbols Sizing dashboard and report tiles Sparklines, hyperlinks and images Module 8 Report Authoring - Best Practices Design thought process The audience Defining the platform environment The user experience Visualization Implementation and testing Optimization Module 9 Dashboard And Goals Design Tips and tricks Best practices for dashboard design Tracking business metrics with goals

About Course Instagram Marketing Mastery: Unleash the Power of Visual Storytelling to Grow Your Business and Brand Embark on an immersive journey to Instagram marketing mastery and transform your social media presence into a powerful engine for business growth and brand recognition. Learning Outcomes/Course Objectives: Master Instagram's fundamentals: Gain a comprehensive understanding of Instagram's features, algorithms, and user behavior, laying the foundation for effective marketing strategies. Craft captivating visual content: Learn the art of creating visually appealing and engaging Instagram posts, utilizing storytelling techniques, editing tools, and design principles. Harness the power of hashtags: Discover the secrets of effective hashtag usage to increase your content's visibility, reach a wider audience, and attract targeted followers. Develop a growth strategy: Implement proven strategies to grow your Instagram following organically, attracting genuine and engaged users who align with your brand's values. Build a consistent brand identity: Establish a cohesive and recognizable brand presence on Instagram, reinforcing your brand's message, voice, and visual aesthetic. Leverage influencer marketing: Explore the potential of influencer marketing to amplify your brand's reach, tap into new audiences, and boost your credibility. Utilize third-party tools: Discover and effectively utilize third-party tools to enhance your Instagram marketing efforts, streamline content creation, and gain valuable insights. Target Audience: Business owners: Entrepreneurs and established business leaders seeking to harness the power of Instagram to expand their reach, connect with a wider audience, and drive business growth. Marketing professionals: Marketers eager to integrate Instagram into their overall marketing strategy, leveraging its visual storytelling capabilities to enhance brand awareness, generate leads, and drive sales. Content creators: Aspiring and experienced content creators seeking to master Instagram's unique format, create captivating visuals, and build a thriving online community. Anyone interested in social media marketing: Individuals passionate about exploring the latest social media trends and leveraging Instagram for personal or professional endeavors. Requirements: An Instagram account: Create an Instagram account to actively participate in the platform and apply the course learnings. Basic knowledge of social media marketing: Familiarity with social media marketing principles and best practices will enhance your understanding of Instagram marketing strategies. Enthusiasm and willingness to learn: An open mind and a willingness to experiment with Instagram's creative tools and features will fuel your success in this dynamic platform. Enroll today and unlock the secrets to Instagram marketing mastery, transforming your social media presence into a powerful tool for business growth and brand recognition. What Will You Learn? Master Instagram's fundamentals: Gain a comprehensive understanding of Instagram's features, algorithms, and user behavior, laying the foundation for effective marketing strategies. Craft captivating visual content: Learn the art of creating visually appealing and engaging Instagram posts, utilizing storytelling techniques, editing tools, and design principles. Harness the power of hashtags: Discover the secrets of effective hashtag usage to increase your content's visibility, reach a wider audience, and attract targeted followers. Develop a growth strategy: Implement proven strategies to grow your Instagram following organically, attracting genuine and engaged users who align with your brand's values. Build a consistent brand identity: Establish a cohesive and recognizable brand presence on Instagram, reinforcing your brand's message, voice, and visual aesthetic. Leverage influencer marketing: Explore the potential of influencer marketing to amplify your brand's reach, tap into new audiences, and boost your credibility. Utilize third-party tools: Discover and effectively utilize third-party tools to enhance your Instagram marketing efforts, streamline content creation, and gain valuable insights. Course Content Instagram Marketing 3 Things You Should Never Do When Using Instagram Marketing 3 Ways to Produce More Instagram Content 5 Tips for Better Hashtags 5 Tips to Grow Your Instagram Audience Faster How to Create a Consistent Instagram Account to Grow Your Audience Massively How to Create a Strong Brand for Your Instagram How to Sell the Dream How to Set Up Your Instagram Business Account in 5 Easy Steps How to Use Influencer Marketing on Instagram to Accelerate Your How to Win at Instagram Without Taking a Single Photo A course by eTrain Course Provider Xpert Learning RequirementsAn Instagram account: Create an Instagram account to actively participate in the platform and apply the course learnings.Basic knowledge of social media marketing: Familiarity with social media marketing principles and best practices will enhance your understanding of Instagram marketing strategies.Enthusiasm and willingness to learn: An open mind and a willingness to experiment with Instagram's creative tools and features will fuel your success in this dynamic platform. Audience Business Owners Marketing Professionals Content creators Anyone interested in social media marketing: Audience Business Owners Marketing Professionals Content creators Anyone interested in social media marketing:

Give a compliment to your career and take it to the next level. This Digital Journalism Course bundle will provide you with the essential knowledge to shine in your professional career. Whether you want to develop skills for your next job or elevate your skills for your next promotion, this Digital Journalism Course bundle will help you stay ahead of the pack. Throughout the Digital Journalism Course programme, it stresses how to improve your competency as a person in your chosen field while also outlining essential career insights in the relevant job sector. Along with this Digital Journalism Course, you will get 10 premium courses, an original hardcopy, 11 PDF certificates (Main Course + Additional Courses) Student ID card as gifts. This Digital Journalism Course Bundle Consists of the following Premium courses: Course 01: Digital Journalism Course 02: Newspaper Journalism Course 03: Business Writing: Influence Your Readers Course 04: Content Management Course 05: Copyediting & Proofreading Course 06: Creative Writing Training Program for Writers Course 07: Writing Short Story Training Course 08: Information Management Course 09: Team Management Course 10: Complete Communication Skills Master Class for Life Course 11: Time Management Enrol now in Digital Journalism Course to advance your career, and use the premium study materials from Apex Learning. The bundle incorporates basic to advanced level skills to shed some light on your way and boost your career. Hence, you can strengthen your Digital Journalism Course expertise and essential knowledge, which will assist you in reaching your goal. Moreover, you can learn from any place in your own time without travelling for classes. Course Curriculum: Digital Journalism Module 01: Digital Journalism Overview Module 02: Hypertext and Storyboard Module 03: Digital Storytelling Basics: Writing, Blogging, Photography Module 04: Digital Storytelling Basics: Audio, Video, Graphics Module 05: Finding Trustworthy Information Online Module 06: Multimedia Newsgathering Module 07: Verification and Reporting Module 08: Online Networks Module 09: Wellness and Resilience Module 10: Technologies and Platform Module 11: Journalism Law and Ethics And 10 more courses ... CPD 115 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this Digital Journalism Course bundle. Requirements This Digital Journalism Course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones. Career path Having this expertise will increase the value of your CV and open you up to multiple job sectors. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included Cost of PDF Certificates is included in course price Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the Hard Copy certificate for the title course (Digital Journalism) absolutely Free! Other Hard Copy certificates are available for £10 each. Please Note: The delivery charge inside the UK is £3.99, and the international students must pay a £9.99 shipping cost.