912 Sound courses in Cardiff delivered On Demand

Step into the world of vacuum packing with a training course designed to make things clear, not complicated. Whether you're in food production, hospitality, or simply looking to understand the safe and effective use of vacuum packing methods, this course lays it all out in plain English—without the fluff or filler. From packaging basics to shelf-life extension, you’ll learn exactly what matters, why it matters, and how to get it right. Perfect for those who deal with vacuum packing machinery or oversee food safety processes, this online course covers the essentials in a sharp, structured way. It's informative without sending you to sleep, and professional without sounding like it’s been written by a toaster. Learn from industry knowledge, built to suit those who want clarity, accuracy, and a touch of dry wit along the way. If you’ve ever asked yourself, “Am I doing this properly?”—you’ll want to start here. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Vacuum Packing Module 02: Choosing the Right Packaging Materials Module 03: Food Safety and Hygiene Module 04: Vacuum Packing Techniques Module 05: Storage and Transportation of Vacuum-Packed Food Module 06: Business Applications of Vacuum Packing Learning Outcomes: Master vacuum packing fundamentals for food preservation. Select the right packaging materials for optimal freshness. Ensure food safety and maintain high hygiene standards. Acquire advanced vacuum packing techniques for culinary excellence. Efficiently store and transport vacuum-packed food. Harness vacuum packing skills for business applications. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Aspiring chefs and culinary enthusiasts Restaurant owners and food service professionals Small-scale food producers and home-based businesses Caterers and event planners Food industry entrepreneurs Kitchen staff and culinary students Anyone interested in culinary innovation Those seeking food preservation knowledge Career path Food Production Assistant Sous Chef Catering Manager Food Packaging Technician Quality Control Inspector Small Food Business Owner Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a serious and deeply harmful practice affecting millions of girls and women around the world. Our FGM Awareness and Prevention Course offers clear, well-researched information to help learners understand the cultural, health, and legal issues surrounding FGM. Whether you're working in education, healthcare, social care or safeguarding, this course delivers the key facts and preventative approaches in a respectful, thoughtful way. It’s built to raise awareness, support early intervention, and equip learners with the right knowledge to identify risk and respond appropriately. Written with care and backed by expert-led research, this course strips away confusion and focuses on what matters most—safeguarding girls from harm. From the legal framework in the UK to the signs professionals should watch for, this course brings important learning into focus without sounding like a lecture. No fluff, no jargon—just clear, impactful content designed to leave a lasting impression. Whether you're refreshing your knowledge or learning it for the first time, this is the kind of course that helps you feel ready to act when it counts. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to FGM Module 02: History and Prevalence Module 03: Legislation and Policies Module 04: Key Issues Associated with FGM Module 05: Mandatory Duties Module 06: Prevent FGM Module 07: Safeguarding Children & Women Learning Outcomes Recognize historical factors influencing FGM prevalence globally. Navigate legislation and policies surrounding FGM with confidence. Analyze key issues associated with Female Genital Mutilation critically. Implement mandatory duties for effective FGM prevention. Develop proactive strategies to prevent FGM in diverse contexts. Champion safeguarding initiatives for the well-being of children and women. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Social workers Healthcare professionals Educators Legal professionals Community activists Human rights advocates NGO workers Students in relevant fields Career path Social Worker Healthcare Advocate Educator in Gender Studies Legal Consultant Human Rights Officer NGO Program Coordinator Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

If cracking backs and straightening spines sounds like your idea of a good time—don’t worry, you’re not alone. The Fundamentals of Chiropractic Adjustments Course brings you straight into the heart of chiropractic knowledge without asking you to touch a single vertebra. Whether you're curious about spinal health or exploring how chiropractors use precise techniques to help others feel their best, this course breaks it down in a clear, engaging way. From cervical to lumbar, from alignment to mobilisation, it’s all covered without fluff or filler. You’ll learn the key principles that guide chiropractic care, how adjustments affect the body, and the theory behind safe, effective manipulation. It’s all laid out in plain English—no jargon-laced rabbit holes. This course is ideal for those looking to gain a solid understanding of chiropractic adjustments from a distance, with content that clicks as easily as a well-placed adjustment. No couches. No cracking required. Just pure spine-savvy learning. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum of The Fundamentals of Chiropractic Adjustments Module 01 : Introduction to Chiropractor Module 02 : What is Chiropractic Module 03 : Chiropractic Elements Module 04 : Manipulative Therapies Osteopathy and Chiropractic Module 05 : Chiropractic Adjustment Module 06 : Types of Chiropractic Adjustments Module 07 : Chiropractic Practices Module 08 : Chiropractor Profession Learning Outcomes: Grasp the core principles underlying chiropractic care. Define the distinct elements that constitute chiropractic practice. Master various manipulative therapies integral to osteopathy and chiropractic. Hone expertise in diverse chiropractic adjustment techniques. Identify and differentiate between types of chiropractic adjustments. Gain valuable insights into the professional practices of chiropractors. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Aspiring Chiropractors seeking comprehensive foundational knowledge. Healthcare professionals looking to expand their skillset. Students interested in holistic approaches to wellness. Individuals considering a career in alternative medicine. Fitness trainers aiming to enhance their understanding of body mechanics. Health enthusiasts keen on exploring non-invasive therapies. Rehabilitation specialists seeking to broaden their expertise. Those intrigued by the dynamic field of chiropractic care. Career path Chiropractic Practitioner Clinical Osteopath Wellness Consultant Rehabilitation Specialist Sports Injury Therapist Holistic Health Advisor Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Good oral hygiene is more than just a bright smile—it's a key part of your overall health. This course is designed to shed light on the essential routines, habits, and awareness needed to maintain healthy teeth and gums. Whether you're brushing up on the basics or looking to better understand the impact of diet, lifestyle, and daily care, this course offers accessible guidance suitable for anyone with an interest in personal or professional development in oral hygiene. With expertly written content, this online course cuts through the fluff to deliver clear, engaging learning on oral care principles, from the causes of tooth decay to the importance of regular maintenance. You'll explore how common dental issues can be prevented, why oral hygiene matters at every life stage, and how small habits can have long-lasting effects. Flexible, learner-focused, and jargon-free—it’s a course that gets straight to the point without sounding like a lecture. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Oral Health Care Module 02: Fundamentals of Oral Health Module 03: Common Oral Health Issues Module 04: Preventive Dentistry Module 05: Oral Health Promotion in Children Module 06: Oral Health Care for Special Populations Module 07: Dental Care Procedures Module 08: Oral Health and Nutrition Module 09: Oral Health Maintenance and Beyond Learning Outcomes: Identify chemical hazards and understand their toxicological implications. Implement effective chemical storage and handling practices in the workplace. Choose and use personal protective equipment (PPE) with precision. Apply engineering controls to enhance safety in diverse work settings. Demonstrate best practices for laboratory safety and operations. Safeguard against potential risks through a deep understanding of chemical process safety. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Laboratory Technicians Chemical Engineers Safety Officers Researchers Environmental Scientists Facility Managers Process Engineers Occupational Health Specialists Career path Chemical Safety Officer Laboratory Manager Process Engineer Environmental Health and Safety Specialist Research Scientist Occupational Health Advisor Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Getting older doesn’t mean giving up flavour, variety or good health. In fact, nutrition becomes even more important as we age. The Geriatric Nutrition Guide Course dives into how diet affects energy, digestion, bone strength, memory and more — all tailored for ageing adults. Whether you're supporting a loved one or simply curious about how food choices evolve with time, this course offers guidance rooted in nutrition science without ever sounding like a lecture from your least favourite biology teacher. You’ll explore age-related changes in appetite, nutrient absorption, and how different diets can support common conditions like arthritis, diabetes or heart health. With everything delivered online, you can learn at your own pace without squeezing into a classroom or deciphering medical jargon. It's straightforward, evidence-based information, written with care — and a touch of common sense — for anyone who believes that a good meal should still come with a good reason. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 1: Nutrition and Eating Module 2: Basics of Geriatric Nutrition Module 3: Nutritional Assessment and Strategies Module 4: Malnutrition in Older Adults Module 5: Nutrition and Healthy Ageing Module 6: Special Dietary Needs of Older Adults Module 7: Food Safety and Medication Interactions Learning Outcomes: Assess and implement nutritional strategies for older adults' well-being. Combat malnutrition through targeted interventions and dietary plans. Understand the intricate relationship between nutrition and healthy ageing. Tailor diets to meet the special dietary needs of the elderly population. Demonstrate proficiency in food safety protocols for older adults. Navigate and manage potential medication interactions with nutritional considerations. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Healthcare professionals seeking specialised knowledge. Caregivers aiming to enhance elderly nutrition. Nutrition enthusiasts interested in geriatric health. Students pursuing a career in healthcare or nutrition. Nurses and healthcare assistants in geriatric settings. Dietitians focusing on elder nutrition. Individuals passionate about healthy ageing. Those working in community health or social care. Career path Geriatric Nutrition Specialist Elderly Care Nutrition Advisor Nutrition Consultant for Retirement Homes Community Health Nutritionist Clinical Dietitian in Geriatrics Healthcare Assistant with a Focus on Nutrition Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Artificial Intelligence isn’t science fiction anymore — it’s shaping the way we search, shop, scroll, and sometimes even spill the tea. This course lays the groundwork for understanding how AI actually works — minus the jargon and dramatic movie scenes. You’ll explore essential concepts such as algorithms, data patterns, logic systems, and machine-based learning models, all presented in a format that makes sense even if your only prior experience with AI is arguing with your phone's voice assistant. Perfect for curious minds across industries, this foundational course covers the key principles that drive AI technologies, from basic neural networks to the role of big data in decision-making. Whether you're brushing up for academic reasons or looking to speak AI without sounding like a tech cliché, you’ll find this course insightful, neatly organised, and refreshingly down-to-earth. All content is delivered online, allowing you to study at your own pace — no awkward group projects or lab goggles required. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01 : Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Module 02 : Mathematics for AI Module 03 : Knowledge Representation in AI - Part 1 Module 04 : Knowledge Representation in AI - Part 2 Module 05 : Machine Learning - Part 1 Module 06 : Machine Learning - Part 2 Module 07 : Deep Learning Module 08 : Natural Language Processing Module 09 : Computer Vision Module 10 : Robotics Module 11 : Building AI Applications Learning Outcomes: Grasp the fundamentals of artificial intelligence and its applications. Develop a strong mathematical foundation for AI algorithms. Master knowledge representation techniques in AI. Explore the principles and applications of machine learning. Dive into the world of deep learning and its use in AI. Understand the core concepts of natural language processing and computer vision. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Technology enthusiasts eager to delve into AI. Students pursuing a career in AI and machine learning. Professionals seeking to upskill in the AI domain. Engineers and programmers interested in AI development. Entrepreneurs exploring AI for business solutions. Anyone with a curiosity about the future of artificial intelligence. Graduates looking to enhance their tech-related knowledge. Innovators with an interest in robotics and AI applications. Career path AI Research Scientist Machine Learning Engineer Data Scientist Natural Language Processing Engineer Computer Vision Specialist Robotics Software Engineer Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

If you feel that your confidence needs developing, or that you are low in self-esteem, we can support you to build your self-esteem and confidence in just a few simple steps that ultimately take your overall skills to the next level. This course aims at providing reliable, helpful and easy-to-absorb information on the most obvious emotional challenges faced by people today. In this course, you will go through an array of valuable lessons demonstrating tips and tricks to improve your self-esteem, the common obstacles to our goals, the importance of goal setting in life, and the effective ways of developing communication skills. You will also discover how to confer powerful presentations, and deal with stressful behaviour and situations. On successful completion of this course, your background level of confidence and self-esteem will highly raise, almost without you realising how it is happening. Why Choose This Course Earn a digital Certificate upon successful completion. Accessible, informative modules taught by expert instructors Study in your own time, at your own pace, through your computer tablet or mobile device Benefit from instant feedback through mock exams and multiple-choice assessments Get 24/7 help or advice from our email and live chat teams Full tutor support on weekdays Course Design The course is delivered through our online learning platform, accessible through any internet-connected device. There are no formal deadlines or teaching schedules, meaning you are free to study the course at your own pace. You are taught through a combination of Video lessons Online study materials Mock exams Multiple-choice assessment Assignment Certificate of Achievement Endorsed Certificate of Achievement from the Quality Licence Scheme Once the course has been completed and the assessment has been passed, all students are entitled to receive an endorsed certificate. This will provide proof that you have completed your training objectives, and each endorsed certificate can be ordered and delivered to your address for only £99. Please note that overseas students may be charged an additional £10 for postage. CPD Certificate of Achievement from Janets Upon successful completion of the course, you will be able to obtain your course completion e-certificate. Print copy by post is also available at an additional cost of £9.99 and PDF Certificate at £4.99. Endorsement This course and/or training programme has been endorsed by the Quality Licence Scheme for its high-quality, non-regulated provision and training programmes. This course and/or training programme is not regulated by Ofqual and is not an accredited qualification. Your training provider will be able to advise you on any further recognition, for example progression routes into further and/or higher education. For further information please visit the Learner FAQs on the Quality Licence Scheme website. Method of Assessment To successfully complete the course, students will have to take an automated multiple-choice exam. This exam will be online and you will need to score 60% or above to pass the course. After successfully passing the exam, you will be able to apply for Quality Licence Scheme endorsed certificate of achievement. To verify your enhanced skills in the subject, we recommend that you also complete the assignment questions. These can be completed at any time which is convenient for yourself and will be assessed by our in-house specialised tutors. Full feedback will then be given on your current performance, along with any further advice or support. Who is this course for? This Self Esteem and Confidence Building Course is ideal for those wanting to improve their basic skills in office administration, those who want to start working as a receptionist, office administrator, office manager, administrative assistant or secretary, and those who want to become a legal secretary.

The Teacher Training Diploma is a wonderful learning opportunity for anyone who has a passion for this topic and is interested in enjoying a long career in the relevant industry. It's also for anyone who is already working in this field and looking to brush up their knowledge and boost their career with a recognised certification. This Teacher Training Diploma consists of several modules that take around 53 hours to complete. The course is accompanied by instructional videos, helpful illustrations, how-to instructions and advice. The course is offered online at a very affordable price. That gives you the ability to study at your own pace in the comfort of your home. You can access the modules from anywhere and from any device. Why choose this course Earn an e-certificate upon successful completion. Accessible, informative modules taught by expert instructors Study in your own time, at your own pace, through your computer tablet or mobile device Benefit from instant feedback through mock exams and multiple-choice assessments Get 24/7 help or advice from our email and live chat teams Full Tutor Support on Weekdays Course Design The course is delivered through our online learning platform, accessible through any internet-connected device. There are no formal deadlines or teaching schedules, meaning you are free to study the course at your own pace. You are taught through a combination of Video lessons Online study materials Mock exams Multiple-choice assessment Certification After the successful completion of the final assessment, you will receive a CPD-accredited certificate of achievement. The PDF certificate is for £9.99, and it will be sent to you immediately after through e-mail. You can get the hard copy for £15.99, which will reach your doorsteps by post.

Follow your dreams by enrolling on the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course today and develop the experience, skills and knowledge you need to enhance your professional development. Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language will help you arm yourself with the qualities you need to work towards your dream job. Study the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language training course online with Janets through our online learning platform and take the first steps towards a successful long-term career. The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course will allow you to enhance your CV, impress potential employers, and stand out from the crowd. This Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course consists of a number of easy to digest, in-depth modules, designed to provide you with a detailed, expert level of knowledge. Study the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course through a mixture of instructional video lessons and online study materials. Receive online tutor support as you study the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course, to ensure you are supported every step of the way. Get a digital certificate as proof of your Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course completion. Janets is one of the top online training course providers in the UK, and we want to make education accessible to everyone! Learn the essential skills you need to succeed and build a better future for yourself with the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course. The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course is designed by industry experts and is tailored to help you learn new skills with ease.  The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language is incredibly great value and allows you to study at your own pace. With full course access for one year, you can complete the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language when it suits you. Access the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course modules from any internet-enabled device, including computers, tablets, and smartphones. The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course is designed to increase your employability and equip you with everything you need to be a success. Enrol on the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language now and start learning instantly! What You Get Out Of Studying Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language With Janets: Receive a digital Certificate upon successful completion of the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course Get taught by experienced, professional instructors Study at a time and pace that suits your learning style Get instant feedback on assessments 24/7 help and advice via email or live chat Get full tutor support on weekdays (Monday to Friday) Description The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language training course is delivered through Janets' online learning platform. Access the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language content from any internet-enabled device whenever or wherever you want to. The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course has no formal teaching deadlines, meaning you are free to complete the course at your own pace. Method of Assessment  To successfully complete the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course, students will have to take an automated multiple-choice exam. This exam will be online and you will need to score 60% or above to pass the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course. After successfully passing the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course exam, you will be able to apply for a CPD-accredited certificate as proof of your Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language qualification. Certification All students who successfully complete the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course can instantly download their digital certificate. You can also purchase a hard copy of the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course certificate, which will be delivered by post for £9.99. Who Is This Course For The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language is ideal for those who already work in this sector or are an aspiring professional. This Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course is designed to enhance your expertise and boost your CV. Learn key skills and gain a professional qualification to prove your newly-acquired knowledge. Requirements The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language is open to all students and has no formal entry requirements. To study the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language course, all your need is a passion for learning, a good understanding of English, numeracy, and IT skills. You must also be over the age of 16. Career Path The Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language is ideal for anyone who wants to pursue their dream career in a relevant industry. Learn the skills you need to boost your CV and go after the job you want. Complete the Complete Spanish Course: Learn Spanish Language and gain an industry-recognised qualification that will help you excel in finding your ideal job. .

Have you ever wondered why some people seem to be more prone to addiction than others? While addiction can affect anyone, certain individuals may have a higher susceptibility due to their personality traits and characteristics. This concept is often referred to as an addictive personality. While the term "addictive personality" may sound simple, it is important to understand that it is not a diagnosis or a definitive label. Instead, it is a set of traits and behaviours that may increase the risk of addiction. The concept of addiction and addictive behaviour has a rich and complex history deeply intertwined with human civilisation. From ancient times to our modern understanding, the evolution of addiction has been shaped by cultural, medical, and scientific developments.