421 Software courses in London

Learn 3ds Max + Arnold Photo Realistic Rendering Workflow. Enhance your skills with our Arnold renderer training for 3ds Max users. Learn to create lifelike 3D scenes and animations, mastering accurate light simulation. Explore essential Arnold features in lighting, materials, and rendering. Click here for more info: Website Training duration: 10 hrs. Method: 1-on-1 and Personalized attention. Schedule: Choose a convenient time from Monday to Saturday, 9 am to 7 pm, and book your slot. Course Duration: 10 hours Course Outline: Session 1: Introduction to Arnold Renderer (1 hour) Unveiling Arnold Renderer's features and capabilities Understanding the benefits of Arnold in 3ds Max Setting up Arnold renderer and exploring its interface Mastering the workflow for exceptional results Session 2: Basic Arnold Shading (1 hour) Navigating the Arnold shading network Creating essential materials with Arnold shaders Working with diverse shader types (standard, Lambert, etc.) Elevating visuals with maps and textures in Arnold's materials Session 3: Arnold Lighting Techniques (1.5 hours) Embracing the art of lighting with Arnold Lights Implementing various light types (area lights, spotlights, etc.) Creating ambiance with Arnold skydome and environment lighting Illuminating scenes using physical sky and image-based lighting Session 4: Arnold Cameras and Rendering Settings (1.5 hours) Mastering Arnold cameras and their settings Achieving depth of field and motion blur effects in Arnold Configuring optimal rendering settings for superior results Fine-tuning rendering with the Arnold Render Setup dialog Session 5: Advanced Arnold Shading (1.5 hours) Creating intricate materials with advanced Arnold shaders Realistic surfaces with Arnold's procedural textures Harnessing the power of advanced shading nodes (bump, displacement, etc.) Unleashing specialized effects with Arnold shaders (subsurface scattering, hair, etc.) Session 6: Arnold Rendering Optimization (1 hour) Streamlining rendering settings for enhanced efficiency Leveraging Arnold features like adaptive sampling and denoising Noise reduction techniques for smoother Arnold renders Troubleshooting common rendering issues and their solutions Session 7: Advanced Lighting Techniques (1 hour) Crafting lifelike lighting setups with Arnold's prowess Exploring advanced lighting properties (exposure, color temperature, etc.) Enhancing lighting with Arnold light filters and modifiers Implementing captivating effects like volumetric lighting and caustics Session 8: Arnold AOVs and Compositing (1 hour) Understanding Arnold AOVs (Arbitrary Output Variables) Configuring and rendering AOVs for post-production control Compositing AOVs for artistic adjustments in post-production Leveraging AOVs for fine-tuning the final image Session 9: Arnold for Animation and Motion Graphics (1 hour) Integrating Arnold seamlessly into animation and motion graphics projects Rendering animation sequences with finesse Managing motion blur and time-based effects with Arnold Unveiling Arnold's potential for particle rendering and dynamic effects Session 10: Arnold Tips, Tricks, and Best Practices (1 hour) Exploring advanced techniques and workflows for exceptional results Optimizing scene setup for enhanced rendering performance Troubleshooting tips for common issues and errors in Arnold Q&A session and final review to consolidate knowledge Upon completing this course, you will: Gain a solid understanding of Arnold, its rendering concepts, and its integration into 3D projects. Master the setup of Arnold renderer, optimizing performance, and ensuring compatibility with various platforms. Effectively create and manage materials for Arnold, enabling you to produce realistic and visually appealing scenes. Demonstrate proficiency in working with different shapes, lighting techniques, cameras, and shaders to enhance the visual quality of your 3D projects. Harness the power of textures to add depth and realism to your rendered scenes. Utilize Arnold scene sources efficiently, empowering you to streamline your workflow and achieve desired results in a faster and more organized manner. Overall, this course equips you with the necessary skills to confidently utilize Arnold in your projects and achieve exceptional rendering outcomes. Arnold is an advanced Monte Carlo ray tracing renderer designed for feature-length animation and visual effects. This comprehensive course equips you with the skills to produce photo-realistic 3D rendered scenes and animations. Learn accurate light simulation, artistic style techniques, and more. Our 3ds Max - Rendering with Arnold training is customizable, offering one-to-one sessions. Whether in-class or live online, our Autodesk Certified Instructors with vast rendering experience will guide you through hands-on exercises and provide a training guide for future reference. Upon completing the course, you'll receive an e-certificate and liftime email support from your Arnold trainer. Prior experience with 3ds Max is recommended, but no prior Arnold knowledge is required. Choose the Arnold version that suits your needs for this training course. Lifetime email support provided. Comprehensive handouts and useful documents included. Flexible financial support options available, including installment packages and funding through job center plus and DWP (Contact us for details). Money-back guarantee: Unsatisfied after your first session? We address your concerns and offer a refund if needed (Terms and conditions may apply). Assistance with computer optimization for improved software performance in Autocad, 3ds Max, and Photoshop on both MAC and PC platforms. Industry connections for portfolio promotion and job opportunities.

Who is this course for? Landmark Training Course With Vectorworks. Dive into terrain modeling, planting, irrigation, and site analysis guided by certified tutors. Master these tools for precise landscape designs and effective documentation. Check our Website Enrollment : 1-on-1 Landmark Training. Tailor your schedule. Mon to Sat between 9 am and 7 pm Call 02077202581 to book your slot. Duration: 16 hours. "Split these hours over multiple days as needed for your ideal schedule." Approach: In-person or live online. Landmark Training Course with Vectorworks: Basic to Intermediate Level Course Duration: 16 Hours Embark on a transformative journey with our Landmark Training Course tailored for landscape architects and designers. Over 16 intensive hours, dive deep into Vectorworks Landmark, mastering fundamental and intermediate techniques crucial for comprehensive 2D and 3D landscape design. Craft intricate site analyses, plans, irrigation systems, and elevate your designs with mesmerizing 3D visualizations. Explore custom plant symbols, detailed planting plans, and learn the art of efficient collaboration and customization. Course Highlights: I. Introduction to Vectorworks Landmark (1 hour) Explore Vectorworks Landmark for landscape design Master interface, tool usage, and project management II. Site Analysis and Site Plans (3 hours) Craft detailed site analyses and hardscape designs Work with contours, elevations, and terrain models III. Planting Plans (5 hours) Utilize the plant database for region-specific plant selection Create personalized plant symbols and comprehensive planting plans IV. Irrigation Design (2 hours) Design and edit efficient irrigation systems and zones Integrate irrigation components into site plans V. 3D Visualization (3 hours) Create captivating 3D models with realistic textures and materials Enhance designs with advanced lighting and special effects VI. Customization (1 hour) Tailor the interface for efficient landscape design Create custom object styles and resource libraries VII. Collaboration and Sharing (1 hour) Seamlessly import/export data from other platforms Share designs effectively with colleagues and collaborators VIII. Conclusion and Next Steps (1 hour) Review course content comprehensively Receive guidance on further learning resources Engage in a Q&A session and provide valuable feedback Enhance your landscape design expertise and unleash your creativity. Enroll now in our Vectorworks Landmark Basic to Intermediate Training and transform your designs. Download Vectorworks Landmark By the end of the Vectorworks Landmark Training Course, participants will: Understand the key features and functionalities of Vectorworks Landmark for landscape design. Demonstrate proficiency in using essential tools for site analysis, site plans, and hardscape design. Create detailed planting plans, selecting appropriate plants, and understanding their compatibility and growth patterns. Design efficient and effective irrigation systems, including generating irrigation reports. Create 3D visualizations of landscape designs, applying textures, materials, lighting, and special effects. Customize the interface and create personalized object styles and resources. Collaborate and share landscape design drawings with other software users. Have the foundation to pursue further learning and exploration in landscape design using Vectorworks Landmark. Mastering Foundations Begin your project by organizing your files and importing survey data. Learn to sketch existing buildings using Building Shell tools and model neighboring structures with Massing Model. Explore different methods for laying out survey points and marking existing features with precision. Objectives: Review File Organization Techniques Import Survey Data (DWG Import) Create Building Structures with Building Shell Tools Utilize Triangulation and Arc Tool for Precision Master Various Tape Measurement Techniques Elevating Your Design Enhance your survey with detailed ground, existing trees, and fences. Conduct shadow analysis to optimize planting locations. Dive into the Vectorworks Plant tool, your key design companion. Objectives: Develop Detailed Ground Surfaces Incorporate Existing Trees and Fences Design with Railing Fence Tool Conduct Shadow Analysis using Heliodon Tool Utilize Plant Tool Modes for Plant Placement Access Existing Plant Libraries and Customize Plants in 2D/3D Crafting Landscapes Create vibrant plant mixes using Landscape Area tool and apply them across your site models. Design intricate hardscapes, aligning them effortlessly even in complex paving scenarios. Learn to use components for detailed reporting, cut and fill calculations, and precise detailing. Explore custom object creation and site furniture placement. Objectives: Design Landscape Areas and Define Custom Plant Mixes Create Hardscapes and Define Custom Paving Constructions Generate Reports and Tags for Landscape Areas and Hardscapes Access and Manage Objects in Resource Manager Craft Custom Objects and Site Furniture Polished Presentation Present your designs professionally using Sheet layers and viewports. Create Section viewports to cut through your model and Detail viewports to focus on specific areas. Enhance visual appeal with mood boards and annotations, ensuring a refined, detailed presentation. Objectives: Craft Sheet Layers for Presentation Create Plan, Elevation, and Perspective Viewports Generate Section and Detail Viewports Annotate Viewports for Clear Communication Incorporate Images and Plant Reports for Comprehensive Presentations Master Vectorworks Landmark: Gain expertise in essential and advanced 2D/3D landscape design tools for precision and efficiency. Boost Efficiency: Learn time-saving techniques and workflows tailored to Vectorworks Landmark, enhancing productivity. Versatile Landscape Skills: Develop proficiency in site analysis, planting plans, hardscapes, and irrigation systems for diverse projects. Industry-Ready Expertise: Acquire sought-after skills in landscape architecture, paving the way for career growth. Flexible Learning: Access recorded lessons for convenient review and receive lifetime email support for ongoing guidance.

Why Learn Adobe Illustrator Basic to Intermediate Training Course? Course Link With our Illustrator Intermediate Course take your vector graphics to the next level and bring your designs to life with advanced techniques and tools. Gain hands-on skills in creating shapes, patterns, and logos, and learn how to edit images with precision. Duration: 6 hrs. Method: 1-on-1 - Personalized attention Schedule: Schedule by pre-booking a convenient hour of your choice, available from Mon to Sat between 9 am and 7 pm. This course covers fundamental tools and features of Adobe Illustrator, aimed at beginners, to enable them to create and edit vector graphics efficiently and effectively. Adobe Illustrator is the industry-leading vector graphic software for working with vector graphics, providing a comprehensive set of tools for producing exceptional graphics for various media, including print, video, web, and mobile devices. Course Title: Adobe Illustrator  Course Outline: Mastering Advanced Drawing Techniques  In-Depth Curvature Tool Mastery Advanced Pen Tool Usage: Drawing Complex Paths Understanding Path, Anchor Points, and Handles Precision Editing with Direct Selection Tool Slicing and Dividing Paths using Scissors and Knife Tools Exploring Advanced Stroke and Path Options  Custom Width Profiles with the Width Tool Diverse Brushes Exploration in Brush Library Creating Scattered Objects with Scatter Brushes Applying Patterns along Paths with Pattern Brushes Crafting Custom Pattern Brushes Understanding Graphic Styles  Efficient Usage of Graphic Style Libraries Creating, Deleting, and Saving Graphic Styles with Graphic Style Panel Leveraging the Power of Graphic Styles Mastering Pattern Manipulation Techniques  Creating and Editing Patterns using Pattern Mode Modifying Pattern Elements with Precision Adjusting Spacing and Resizing Patterns using the Tile Tool Rectifying Background Errors with Overlap Options Saving and Exporting Custom Patterns Exploring Advanced Gradient Options  Gradient Styles Exploration Fine-Tuning Gradients with the Gradient Annotator Creating Free Transform Gradient Points and Lines Applying Single Gradient across Multiple Objects Gradient and Transparency Integration Creative Applications and Practical Projects  Applying Advanced Techniques to Real-World Projects Creative Problem-Solving Strategies Q&A Session and Feedback Gathering Note: Each section includes practical exercises and hands-on projects to reinforce learning. The course emphasizes practical application, ensuring participants leave with tangible skills and a deep understanding of advanced Adobe Illustrator concepts. Q: What will I learn in the London Design Training Course in Adobe Illustrator? A: In this course, you'll learn essential techniques for creating and editing vector graphics using Adobe Illustrator. The training covers drawing tools, shapes, layers, effects, styles, logo design, Image Trace, Live Paint, and integration into your design workflow. Q: What can I expect to achieve after completing the Illustrator training course? A: By the end of the course, you'll be proficient in Illustrator tools, create graphics for print, web, and mobile, design logos with special effects, and manipulate images. You'll receive an accredited Illustrator training certification and post-course support. Q: Is any prior knowledge of Illustrator required to attend the course? A: No, the course is designed for beginners, and no prior knowledge of Illustrator is necessary. Q: Which version of Illustrator will the training be based on? A: The training is primarily based on Illustrator 2023, but the techniques apply to recent releases. Q: Can I attend the course on either a Windows or Mac computer? A: Yes, Illustrator works identically on both Windows and Mac. Our training centers offer both platforms for your convenience.

Java JUnit Course Duration: 1 Day Who would find this course useful? This is useful if you have some Java coding skills already. Location: Attend from your internet connection. Download: Java JDK and Eclipse. Learn the basic principles of Unit Testing, using Java JUnit in this excellent, practical, interactive Java Webinar. In software testing, is the execution of tests and the comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes. Test automation is the use of software to control these execution of tests. JUnit is a framenwork facilitating unit testing for the Java programming language. This 1 day course explains the use of JUnit for unit testing a Java project. By completing this tutorial you will gain sufficient knowledge in using JUnit testing framework from where you can take yourself to next levels. Java JUnit Course Description JUnit 1-Day Course Outline: Online, Instructor-Led, Practical, Personalised Overview: Different types of testing Principles of unit testing JUnit Environment Setup JUnit Test Framework JUnit Basic Usage JUnit API Writing a Tests Using Assertion Execution Procedure Executing Tests Suite Test Ignore Test Time Test Exceptions Test Parameterized Test Plug with Ant Plug with Eclipse JUnit Extensions What is included PCWorkshops Course Certificate on completion Java Course Notes Java Code Examples Practical Java Course exercises, Java Course Revision work After the course: 1-Hour personalised online revision session Book the Java JUnit Course Powered by Eventbrite About us Our experienced trainers are award winners. More about us FAQ's Client Comments

Advanced C++ training course description The course will give a broad overview of the C++ Programming language, focusing on modern C++, up to C++17. This course will cover the use of the Standard Library, including containers, iterator, function objects and algorithms. From the perspective of application development, a number of design patterns will be considered. What will you learn Write C++ programs using the more esoteric language features. Utilise OO techniques to design C++ programs. Use the standard C++ library. Exploit advanced C++ techniques Advanced C++ training course details Who will benefit: Programmers needing to write C++ code. Programmers needing to maintain C++ code. Prerequisites: C++ programming foundation. Duration 5 days Advanced C++ training course contents Study of a string class Create a string class as a means to investigate many issues, involving the use of operator overloading and including overloading new and delete. Creation of the class will also require consideration of 'const correctness'. Exception handling Consider the issues involved in exception handling including the concept of exception safety. Templates Review definition of template functions, including template parameter type deduction. Introduction to template metaprogramming. Newer features including template template parameters and variadic templates. Creation of template classes. Design patterns Introduction to Design Patterns and consideration of a number of patterns, such as, factory method, builder, singleton and adapter. The standard C++ library (STL) Standard Library features, such as, Containers, Iterator, Function Objects and Algorithms. Introduction to Lambda expressions. C++ and performance The writing of code throughout the course will be oriented towards performant code, including use of R Value references and 'move' semantics. Pointers The use of pointers will be considered throughout the course. Smart pointers will be considered to improve program safety and help avoid the use of 'raw' pointers. Threading This section will consider the creation of threads and synchronisation issues. A number of synchronisation primitives will be considered. Async and the use of Atomic will also be considered. New ANSI C++ features Summarising some of the newer features to be considered are: Auto, Lambdas expression, smart pointers, variadic templates and folds, R Value references and tuple together with structured binding.

Complete VB.Net training course description A hands on introduction to programming in Visual BASIC .Net. What will you learn Build Visual BASIC applications. Build simple components Debug Visual BASIC programs. Examine existing code and determine its function. Complete VB.Net training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to program in Visual BASIC. Anyone wishing to build Windows based applications. Prerequisites: None although experience in another high level language would be useful. Duration 5 days Complete VB.Net training course contents Writing your first program Visual Studio, forms designer, running VB programs, the UI, properties, writing the code. Toolbox Controls Basic use, input controls, ActiveX controls. Menus and Dialog Boxes Menus, Dialog Box controls, event procedures. Visual Basic .NET variables and operators Variables, I/O, data types, constants, operators, Math Methods, precedence. Decision Structures and Loops and Timers Event-Driven programming, If…Then, Select Case, For…Next Loops, Timer Control. Debugging Visual Basic .NET Programs Break Mode, watch & command windows. Structured Error Handling Try...Catch, Finally, Err Object, retry periods. Modules and Procedures Standard modules, public variables, procedures. Arrays and Collections to Manage Data Fixed-Size & dynamic Arrays, ReDim Preserve, object collections, Controls Collection. Text Files and String Processing Text Box object, Text String methods, sorting. Automating Office Applications Application objects, automation in VB, the Object Browser, the Process Component. Deploying Visual Basic .NET Applications Planning a deployment, ways to deploy an application, deployment projects, options. Managing Windows Forms Forms, positioning, manipulation, adding controls, organizing controls, Startup Object. Adding Graphics and Animation Effects System.Drawing namespace, coordinates, SystemPaint Event, animation, transparency. Inheriting Forms and Creating Base Classes Inheriting forms, inheritance picker, base classes and inheritance, classes in projects. Working with Printers PrintDocument class, Text Box object, Print Preview and Page Setup Dialog Boxes. Database programming with ADO.NET Databases, ADO.NET, Data Adapters, Datasets, Bound & Navigation Controls. Displaying database records, formatting DataGrid cells, updating the database. Displaying HTML Documents Using IE IE Object, Internet Controls, IE Events. Web Forms for Interactive Web Applications ASP.NET, Web Forms vs. Windows Forms, HTML controls, web applications, event procedures for web forms controls.

Complete VBA programming training course description This course helps you extend the capabilities of the entire Office suite using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Even if you have no programming experience, you'll be automating routine computing processes quickly using the simple, yet powerful VBA programming language. We start at the beginning to get you acquainted with VBA so you can start recording macros right away. You'll then build upon that foundation to utilize the full capabilities of the language in Word, Excel, Outlook, and PowerPoint. What will you learn Record, write and run macros. Work with VBA Editor. Use the huge library of built-in functions. Create simple dialog boxes and complex forms. Customize Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and Access. Program the Office 2016 ribbon. Complete VBA programming training course details Who will benefit: Anyone looking to extend the capabilities of the entire Office suite using VBA. Prerequisites: None. Duration 5 days Complete VBA programming training course contents Macros and getting started in VBA VBA syntax, variables, constants, and enumerations, array variables, finding objects, methods, and properties. Working with VBA 1 VBA syntax, variables, constants, and enumerations, array variables, finding objects, methods, and properties. Decisions, loops and functions Built-in functions, creating your own functions, making decisions in your code, using loops to repeat actions. Using message boxes, input boxes, and dialog boxes Getting user input with message boxes and input boxes, creating simple custom dialog boxes, creating complex forms. Creating effective code Building modular code and using classes, debugging your code and handling errors, building well-behaved code, exploring VBA's security features. Programming the Office applications The Word object model and key objects, working with widely used objects in Word, the Excel object model and key objects, working with widely used objects in Excel, the PowerPoint object, model and key objects, working with shapes and running slide shows, the Outlook object model and key objects, working with events in Outlook, the Access object model and key objects, manipulating the data in an Access database via VBA, accessing one application from another application, programming the Office 2016 ribbon.

Complete C programming training course description A hands-on introduction to programming in the ANSI C programming language. The course initially moves at a fast pace in order to spend as much time as possible on the subject of pointers - the area which cause the most bugs in C programs. What will you learn Write ANSI C programs Use the C libraries Debug C programs Examine existing code and determine its function. Complete C programming training course details Who will benefit: Programmers wishing to learn C. Programmers wishing to learn C++ or Java. Prerequisites: None, although experience in another high level language would be useful. Duration 5 days Complete C programming training course contents Getting started The compilation process, comments, main(), statement blocks, printf(). C data types and operators char, int, float and double, qualifiers, arithmetic and assignment operators, precedence, Associativity. Basic I/O C libraries, stdin and stdout, getchar(), putchar(), printf() formatting. Flow control if else, dangling elses, else if, while and for loops. switch statements, the null statement, break, continue and gotos. Functions Function calls, arguments and return types, function declarations (prototypes), function definitions, scope of variables. The preprocessor Preprocessor actions, macros, #include. Libraries and their relationship with header files. Conditional compilation. More data types and operators Logical, bitwise and other operators, type conversion, casting, typedefs and access modifiers. Arrays Declaring and handling arrays, common gotchas, multidimensional arrays. Pointers What are pointers? Why they are so important, declaring and using pointers,The three uses of the *,pointer example - scanf, pointers as arguments. More pointers Golden rules of pointers and arrays, pointers to arrays, pointer arithmetic, arrays of pointers, multiple indirection. Character/string manipulation Arrays of characters, string definition, working with strings, String library. Program arguments argc and argv, example uses,char *argv[] versus char ** argv. Program structure and storage classes Globals (externals), multi source programs, the look of a C program. Structures Declaration, the . and - operators, unions and bitfields. Library functions File handling, fopen and fclose, reading from and writing to files, fseek().calloc() and malloc()

Java training course description A comprehensive introduction of the Java language and environment. It is important to note that the course will assume that the delegates are already familiar with the C language as this enables more advanced features of the Java language to be covered in the course. The course will also give an overview of areas related to programming in Java. What will you learn Describe the Java architecture. Write Java applets and applications. Debug Java programs. Examine existing code and determine its function. Use multimedia extensions, the awt, multithreading, exceptions within Java Java training course details Who will benefit: Those wishing to program in Java. Prerequisites: Complete C programming Duration 5 days Java training course contents Review of UNIX fundamentals What is Java? What Java is, history of Java, reasons for success. The Java Virtual Machine, Bytecodes, getting up and running with Java, Java resources. Simple Java applications. C features in Java Java data structures, Java flow control, differences from C, arrays, strings and packages. OO features in Java Java classes and objects, inheritance, overloading, packages. Differences from C++. Java applets Applications vs. applets, HTML, the applet tag, applet methods, life cycle, testing and debugging. Multimedia applets Images, sounds, fonts, colours and animation. Java products The JDK in detail, other development environments. Javabeans and JDBC overviews. Abstract Window Toolkit JFC and Swing versus AWT. Event handling (JDK 1.1), GUIs, panels, buttons, lists, scrollbars, text areas, frames… Exception handling and multithreading Handling exceptions. Starting, pausing, stopping threads, producers, consumers, monitoring. More standard classes Java file I/O, Streams, The system class. The networking model, java.net classes. Security and Java Types of attack, the security manager, craplets, securing the network. Integrating legacy code with Java

C++ training course description A hands on introduction to programming in the C++ language. The course concentrates on aspects that will be new to experienced C programmers and so is not suitable for those without C knowledge. What will you learn Write C++ programs Debug C++ programs. Examine existing code and determine its function. Use classes, function overloading, operator overloading, inheritance and virtual functions within C++ programs. C++ training course details Who will benefit: Programmers needing to write C++ code. Programmers needing to maintain C++ code. Prerequisites: C programming foundation. Duration 5 days C++ training course contents The origins of C++ C++ as a better C, C++ and Object Oriented Programming, encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance. C++ standards. Getting started Simple C++ programs. Classes Basics, constructor and destructor functions, member and friend functions. Using objects. Default, copy and conversion constructors. A better C Arrays, pointers and references, new and delete. Improved safety with smart pointers, Resource Acquisition in Initialization (RAII). Functions in C++ Function overloading, default arguments, inline functions, Lambda functions. Templates Template classes and functions. Standard Library Containers, Iterators, algorithms, function objects. Operator overloading Basics, binary operators, the this pointer, relational operators, unary operators. Members versus friends. Inheritance Base class access control, protected members, multiple inheritance, virtual base classes. More I/O Manipulators, customising inserters, extractors. File I/O. Virtual functions Pointers to derived classes, run time polymorphism. Exception handling Throwing errors, trying code and catching errors.