4542 Security courses in Maghull delivered Online

CCTV Operator: CCTV Do you wish to become a better CCTV operator or launch a career in the field? We have created a fantastic CCTV Operator Training course to teach you about this device and its functions. You will learn all you need to enter an interesting and fulfilling career with our CCTV Operator Training. You will learn about the many kinds of CCTV systems and how to run them efficiently from the CCTV Operator Training. In addition, the CCTV Operator Training teaches students how to spot and report unusual activities. The legal and ethical aspects of CCTV operating are also explained in the CCTV Operator Training. All things considered, the CCTV Operator Training is ideal for understanding data protection techniques. Unlock your potential with our CCTV Operator Training to learn how to watch CCTV footage and report any suspicious behaviour with the right documentation. Special Offers of this CCTV: CCTV Operator Course This CCTV Operator Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this CCTV Operator: CCTV Operator Course Instant access to this CCTV Operator: CCTV Operator Course Get FREE Tutor Support from Monday to Friday in this CCTV Operator: CCTV Operator Course Painting and CCTV: CCTV Operator Bundle Courses Course 01: CCTV Operator Training Course 02: AML ( Anti Money Laundering ) Course 03: Handyperson Training CCTV Operator: CCTV Industry Experts Designed this CCTV Operator course into 9 detailed modules. Course Curriculum of CCTV Operator Training Module 1: Introduction to CCTV Systems Module 2: CCTV Camera Technology Module 3: Video Signals and Transmission Module 4: CCTV Recording and Storage Module 5: Monitoring and Control Module 6: CCTV System Setup and Configuration Module 7: CCTV System Maintenance and Troubleshooting Module 8: Legal and Ethical Considerations Module 9: Emergency Response and Incident Handling Who is this course for? CCTV Operator: CCTV Anyone interested in learning about the complexities of CCTV: CCTV technology should take this CCTV: CCTV Operator Training. Career path CCTV Operator: CCTV Numerous work options will become available to you upon completion of the CCTV: CCTV Operator Training. For example, junior CCTV: CCTV operator, senior CCTV: CCTV operator, experienced CCTV: CCTV operator, and many more!

Overview Having a foundational understanding of IT components is essential. Did you know that by 2023, an estimated 2.5 million new IT positions will be available globally? The CompTIA A+ (220-1001) course offers a comprehensive dive into the world of computer technology.  Designed to shape the professionals of tomorrow, this course meticulously covers the gamut of fundamental IT knowledge. Ranging from RAM technology to the vast world of cloud computing, the curriculum is structured to foster a comprehensive understanding. With modules such as 'Inside the PC' and 'Understanding Virtualization', learners will be adept at navigating the complex terrains of the modern IT environment. Ready to steer your career into the future of IT? Enrol now and become a part of the technological revolution! How will I get my certificate? You may have to take a quiz or a written test online during or after the course. After successfully completing the course, you will be eligible for the certificate. Who is This course for? There is no experience or previous qualifications required for enrolment on this CompTIA A+ (220-1001). It is available to all students, of all academic backgrounds. Requirements Our CompTIA A+ (220-1001) is fully compatible with PC's, Mac's, Laptop, Tablet and Smartphone devices. This course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones so you can access your course on Wi-Fi, 3G or 4G. There is no time limit for completing this course, it can be studied in your own time at your own pace. Career Path Learning this new skill will help you to advance in your career. It will diversify your job options and help you develop new techniques to keep up with the fast-changing world. This skillset will help you to- Open doors of opportunities Increase your adaptability Keep you relevant Boost confidence And much more! Course Curriculum 24 sections • 132 lectures • 17:30:00 total length •CompTIA A+ 2019 Core 1 (220-1001) Course Introduction: 00:02:00 •What is the CompTIA A+?: 00:02:00 •Why Get A+ Certified?: 00:03:00 •What is on the CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1001) Exam?: 00:09:00 •How to Pass the A+ Exam: 00:04:00 •How to Use This Video Course: 00:03:00 •Tools of the Trade: 00:06:00 •Troubleshooting Theory: 00:10:00 •Primary PC Connections: 00:05:00 •External Connections: 00:11:00 •Inside the PC: 00:08:00 •What is a Computer?: 00:07:00 •What is a CPU?: 00:15:00 •CPU Speeds and Cores: 00:12:00 •Caching: 00:07:00 •CPU Sockets: 00:12:00 •Installing a CPU: 00:11:00 •Liquid Cooling: 00:04:00 •RAM Technology: 00:11:00 •RAM Capacity: 00:08:00 •RAM Features: 00:07:00 •Installing RAM: 00:07:00 •What is the BIOS?: 00:06:00 •POST: 00:09:00 •System Setup: 00:09:00 •Troubleshooting Firmware: 00:12:00 •Form Factors: 00:06:00 •Chipsets: 00:05:00 •Touring the Motherboard: 00:14:00 •Touring the Case: 00:07:00 •Installing a Motherboard: 00:09:00 •The Power Supply: 00:09:00 •Mounting a Power Supply: 00:05:00 •Choosing a Power Supply: 00:08:00 •Cooling Your PC: 00:11:00 •Troubleshooting Power Supplies: 00:09:00 •Troubleshooting Core Components: 00:14:00 •Introduction to Mass Storage: 00:13:00 •Magnetic Disk Drives: 00:08:00 •Solid State Drives: 00:08:00 •SCSI: 00:03:00 •Boot Order: 00:07:00 •New Installation - First Drive: 00:05:00 •RAID: 00:11:00 •Hardware RAID: 00:07:00 •Mass Storage Troubleshooting: 00:08:00 •Optical Media: 00:10:00 •USB Standards: 00:10:00 •Understanding USB: 00:11:00 •Configuring USB: 00:07:00 •Thunder and Lightning: 00:06:00 •Keyboards and Mice: 00:08:00 •Sight and Sound: 00:07:00 •Readers and Scanners: 00:08:00 •Using Expansion Cards: 00:08:00 •The Right PC for the Job: 00:13:00 •Monitor Technologies: 00:08:00 •LCD Breakdown: 00:04:00 •Graphics Cards and Connections: 00:13:00 •Installing a Graphics Card: 00:07:00 •Projectors: 00:05:00 •Troubleshooting Monitors: 00:06:00 •Introduction to Networking: 00:08:00 •Hubs vs. Switches: 00:05:00 •Hexadecimal: 00:07:00 •WANs and Routers: 00:09:00 •Cables and Connectors: 00:11:00 •Crimping Cables: 00:10:00 •Structured Cabling: 00:11:00 •Introduction to TCP/IP: 00:14:00 •Network IDs and Subnet Masks: 00:05:00 •Special IP Addresses: 00:09:00 •NAT: 00:07:00 •Dynamic IP Addressing: 00:10:00 •IPv6: 00:07:00 •Port Numbers: 00:12:00 •TCP, UDP, and ICMP: 00:06:00 •Understanding DNS: 00:09:00 •Working with DNS: 00:07:00 •Windows Naming: 00:08:00 •Routers: 00:12:00 •Basic Router Configuration: 00:12:00 •Advanced Router Configuration: 00:06:00 •VLANs: 00:07:00 •Network Troubleshooting: 00:05:00 •Wireless Network Hardware: 00:11:00 •Wi-Fi Standards: 00:10:00 •Basic WAP Setup: 00:11:00 •Connecting to a Wi-Fi Network: 00:09:00 •It's a Huge Mesh: 00:04:00 •Beyond Wi-Fi: 00:07:00 •Troubleshooting Wireless Connections: 00:07:00 •Beyond the LAN: 00:03:00 •Internet Tiers: 00:06:00 •Dial-up Connections: 00:08:00 •Broadband Connections: 00:10:00 •Firewalls and Servers: 00:06:00 •FTP: 00:07:00 •E-Mail: 00:08:00 •Proxy Servers: 00:06:00 •Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): 00:08:00 •Internet of Things (IoT): 00:04:00 •Understanding Virtualization: 00:10:00 •Your First Virtual Machine: 00:11:00 •Advanced Virtualization Setup: 00:10:00 •Cloud Computing: 00:08:00 •Cloud Ownership: 00:03:00 •Cloud-Based Applications: 00:06:00 •Laptop Features: 00:08:00 •Laptop Hardware Troubleshooting - The Tools: 00:05:00 •Laptop Hardware - Core Hardware: 00:04:00 •Laptop Hardware - CPU and Motherboard: 00:07:00 •Touring Your Laptop Display: 00:04:00 •What is a Mobile Device?: 00:09:00 •Mobile Connections: 00:10:00 •Touring Android: 00:10:00 •Touring iOS: 00:08:00 •Virtual Reality: 00:03:00 •Maintaining Mobile Devices: 00:11:00 •Mobile Devices and E-mail: 00:10:00 •Mobile Synchronization: 00:08:00 •Laser Printers: 00:13:00 •Inkjet Printers: 00:08:00 •Impact Printers: 00:04:00 •Thermal Printers: 00:04:00 •Installing a Local Printer: 00:14:00 •Sharing Printers: 00:08:00 •Installing Wireless and Cloud Printers: 00:10:00 •Troubleshooting Printers: 00:10:00 •3D Printing: 00:07:00 •Dealing with Threats: 00:07:00 •Assignment - CompTIA A+ (220-1001): 00:00:00

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Are you passionate when it comes to organising and planning for events? Or are you currently working for an Event planning business or are you an owner of one? If so, then this course will surely help you in improving your event planning and organising skills. Description: Make sense of how to successfully make any sort out of events or parties people will look forward to after experiencing it. Party coordinators make parties that allow people to blend, celebrate and have some great circumstances without stressing over the preparations. You will learn in this course what an event coordinator does and how to plan and manage events effectively, how to develop your organizing skills to prevail in the occasion, how to start your own event planning management business, and how to get contracted to organize parties and get clients by giving them the best parties. You will have the capacity to imagine having an empowering beneficial career that allows you to use your creative energy to make a fun and amazing events. With regards to the preparing of any events, you will find that your thoughts will be pouring that you will not be able to construct all the ideas but this course will help you recognize what are the important things to do or how to exhibit every part of the event preparations. There is a wide range of sorts of occasions and there are distinctive individuals who you will get an opportunity to plan the event so you have to pull in the appropriate individuals to the occasion or it just won't be the same. Course Highlights Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management is an award-winning and the best-selling course that has been given the CPD Qualification Standards & IAO accreditation. It is the most suitable course anyone looking to work in this or relevant sector. It is considered one of the perfect courses in the UK that can help students/learners to get familiar with the topic and gain necessary skills to perform well in this field. We have packed Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management into 62 modules for teaching you everything you need to become successful in this profession. To provide you ease of access, this course is designed for both part-time and full-time students. You can become accredited in just 1 day hours and it is also possible to study at your own pace. We have experienced tutors who will help you throughout the comprehensive syllabus of this course and answer all your queries through email. For further clarification, you will be able to recognize your qualification by checking the validity from our dedicated website. Why You Should Choose Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management Lifetime access to the course No hidden fees or exam charges CPD Qualification Standards certification on successful completion Full Tutor support on weekdays (Monday - Friday) Efficient exam system, assessment and instant results Download Printable PDF certificate immediately after completion Obtain the original print copy of your certificate, dispatch the next working day for as little as £9. Improve your chance of gaining professional skills and better earning potential. Who is this Course for? Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management is CPD Qualification Standards and IAO accredited. This makes it perfect for anyone trying to learn potential professional skills. As there is no experience and qualification required for this course, it is available for all students from any academic backgrounds. Requirements Our Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management is fully compatible with any kind of device. Whether you are using Windows computer, Mac, smartphones or tablets, you will get the same experience while learning. Besides that, you will be able to access the course with any kind of internet connection from anywhere at any time without any kind of limitation. Career Path You will be ready to enter the relevant job market after completing this course. You will be able to gain necessary knowledge and skills required to succeed in this sector. All our Diplomas' are CPD Qualification Standards and IAO accredited so you will be able to stand out in the crowd by adding our qualifications to your CV and Resume. Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management - Updated Version Introduction to Event Management 00:24:00 Role of an Event Planner 00:31:00 Event Classification 00:28:00 Events and Clients 00:18:00 Steps to Plan an Event 00:27:00 Invitation to the Event 00:25:00 Event Marketing 00:31:00 Catering at Events 00:22:00 Event Decorations 00:25:00 Cleaning and Waste Disposal 00:20:00 Event Security 00:16:00 Developing an Event Planning Business 00:23:00 Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management - Old Version Module 1 9 Key Ideas To Make Your Event A Successful One 00:30:00 What You Need To Know To Make Your Event Educational, Entertaining and Memorable! 01:00:00 8 Ways To Incorporate Entertainment Elements Into Your Events Without Spending A Bomb! 00:30:00 What To Look Out For When Planning Your Next Offsite Event 00:15:00 The Nuts & Bolts Of Events Logistics 00:15:00 Working With Team Building Elements In Your Offsite Events 00:15:00 How To Create Effective Team bonding At Your Events 00:15:00 Managing An Event For 10 people versus 100 ! 00:15:00 10 Ways To Make Your Event Interesting And Exciting 00:30:00 8 Tips To Transform Your Event Venue 00:30:00 Module 2 7 Ways For An Easy & Hassle-Free Meeting Planning 00:30:00 5 Pitfalls To Avoid When Planning Your Next Event 00:30:00 8 Tips On How To Generate Fun Ideas When Planning Your Event 00:30:00 How To Attract The Right People To Your Event 00:30:00 9 Reasons Why You Should Be Nice To Your Event Suppliers 00:15:00 How & Where To Find Suppliers That Will Move Mountains For You! 00:30:00 10 Tips On How To Be An Excellent Event Planner 00:30:00 8 Key Success Factors When Marketing Your Event 00:15:00 Marketing Managers: 10 Reasons Why You Should Organize Your Own Events 00:30:00 6 Factors To Look Out For When Planning The Event Itinerary 00:15:00 Module 3 What Makes An Event Fabulous? 00:30:00 7 Key Reasons Why Events Marketing Should Be Part Of Your Marketing Strategy 00:15:00 Learn What It Takes To Be A Successful Event Planner 00:15:00 Truth About Creating Successful Events! 00:15:00 When You Need An Event Planner And When You Don't! 00:30:00 What To Look Out For When Choosing Your Event Planner 00:15:00 What To Look Out For When Choosing Your Event Venue 00:30:00 What To Do When Things Don't Go As Planned During Events 00:15:00 Learn What Makes An Event Stand Out And Talked About By Your Peers! 00:15:00 When You Need To Hire An Event Planner? 00:15:00 Module 4 4 Ways To Ensure That Your Event Will Go As Planned 00:15:00 10 Ideas On Creating Exciting Event Themes 00:15:00 8 Ways To Get Attendees To Your Events 00:15:00 Learn How To Create An Event That Will Generate Revenue For You! 00:15:00 Having Mascots, Minglers, Entertainers At Your Next Event - How To Find & Work With Them 00:15:00 Event Suppliers/Vendors: They Can Make Or Break Your Event! - Learn How To Choose Wisely 00:15:00 7 Reasons Why The Need For Teambuilding At Your Offsite Events 00:30:00 8 Key Factors Of A Successful Event Planner - Learn To Pick Wisely 00:30:00 9 Ways To Organize Your Events On A Shoestring Budget 00:30:00 Managing Your Events - Once You Know The ' Why', The'How' will Present Itself 00:15:00 Module 5 Effective Ways To Negotiate With Your Event Suppliers 00:15:00 7 Tips On How To Find The Right Venue For Your Next Event 00:15:00 8 Ways To Work Successfully With Your Event Venue 00:30:00 9 Ideas On How To Promote Your Events To Your Internal Customers 00:15:00 6 Ways To Promote Your Events To Your External Customers 00:30:00 Working Successfully With Your Event Planner 00:30:00 7 Pitfalls To Avoid When Planning Your Event Itinerary 00:30:00 5 Tips To Look Out For When Planning Your Event Logistics 00:15:00 Choosing Your Emcee In Events - What You Need To Know 00:15:00 How To Create Events That People Talk About! 00:30:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam- Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam- Extended Diploma in Event Planning & Management 00:20:00

Level 3 Award in Education and Training AET Course is designed to give people the knowledge and confidence to teach adult in any specialty subject area. Learn More Academy has been delivering the Level 3 (12 Credits) Award in Education and Training AET formerly known (PTLLS) qualification. Level 3 AET course is designed to contribute towards the knowledge and understanding for Further Education National Training Organisation (FENTO) or the Employment National Training Organisation (EMPNTO) occupational standards in the United Kingdom.

Wireshark 101 training course description Wireshark is a free network protocol analyser. This hands-on course focuses on troubleshooting networks using the Wireshark protocol analyser. The course concentrates on the product and students will gain from the most from this course only if they already have a sound knowledge of the TCP/IP protocols What will you learn Download and install Wireshark. Capture and analyse packets with Wireshark. Configure capture and display filters. Customise Wireshark. Troubleshoot networks using Wireshark. Wireshark 101 training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff looking after networks. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation for engineers Duration 2 days Wireshark 101 training course contents What is Wireshark? Protocol analysers, Wireshark features, versions, troubleshooting techniques with Wireshark. Installing Wireshark Downloading Wireshark, UNIX issues, Microsoft issues, the role of winpcap, promiscuous mode, installing Wireshark. Wireshark documentation and help. Hands on Downloading and installing Wireshark. Capturing traffic Starting and stopping basic packet captures, the packet list pane, packet details pane, packet bytes pane, interfaces, using Wireshark in a switched architecture. Hands on Capturing packets with Wireshark. Troubleshooting networks with Wireshark Common packet flows. Hands on Analysing a variety of problems with Wireshark. Capture filters Capture filter expressions, capture filter examples (host, port, network, protocol), primitives, combining primitives, payload matching. Hands on Configuring capture filters. Working with captured packets Live packet capture, saving to a file, capture file formats, reading capture files from other analysers, merging capture files, finding packets, going to a specific packet, display filters, display filter expressions. Hands on Saving captured data, configuring display filters. Analysis and statistics with Wireshark Enabling/disabling protocols, user specified decodes, following TCP streams, protocol statistics, conversation lists, endpoint lists, I/O graphs, protocol specific statistics. Hands on Using the analysis and statistics menus. Command line tools Tshark, capinfos, editcap, mergecap, text2pcap, idl2eth. Hands on Using tshark. Advanced issues 802.11 issues, management frames, monitor mode, packet reassembling, name resolution, customising Wireshark. Hands on Customising name resolution.

Mobile comms training course description A complete overview of mobile communications covering all the major technologies in a 2-day format. What will you learn GSM GPRS UMTS LTE Alternative mobile strategies Mobile comms training course details Who will benefit: Anyone involved in mobile communications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Mobile comms training course contents Introduction Telephony, RF, mobile and wireless technologies, distances, mobile phone generations, base stations, cells, frequencies, cell types, MSC, handoffs, channels, internetworking, the Internet, wireless Internet access. UK operators, worldwide operators. GSM What is it? Timeline, digitising voice, channels, GSM architecture, Abis, A, Um, MS, BTS, BSC, MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, AuC. Radio link aspects, GSM signalling overview, signalling protocols, roaming, GSM call flows, authentication. IMEI. SIM cards. GPRS What it is, 2G to 3G, GPRS user features, GPRS network features, GPRS elements, GPRS architecture, overlay, SGSN, GGSN, GPRS ATTACH, GPRS protocol stack, GPRS timeslots, EDGE, GPRS classes, GPRS routing, GPRS packet format. UMTS and 3G What is 3G? IMT-2000, 3G proposals, what is UMTS? Speed comparison, evolution to 3G, CDMA, CDMA 2000, W-CDMA, UMTS components, UMTS infrastructure, RNC, Node B, network architecture, packet switched attach, mobility in 3G, HSDPA. LTE and 4G LTE architecture and principles, Physical layer, Air interface, E-UTRAN, Evolved packet core, service provision. Other wireless solutions Integration of services, Bluetooth, Blackberry, VoIP, Mobile IP, 802.11, WiFi, 802.16, WiMax, What is 5G?

SDH training course description Our SDH training course is designed for those with a basic knowledge of the principles of telecommunication digital transmission techniques. An overview of the existing transmission hierarchies and their limitations is provided with an introduction to the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). The advantages of SDH are explained fully. What will you learn Identify the major limitations of the PDH network. Outline the advantages of using the SDH. Illustrate the various SDH equipment and network topologies. Describe the principles of the SDH multiplexing structure. SDH training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with SDH. Prerequisites: It should be noted that this course will assume some basic telecommunication transmission knowledge from the delegates attending. This may be accomplished by attending the Introduction to Telecommunications course. Duration 2 days SDH training course contents Introduction to SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH SDH Multiplexing Techniques The multiplexing principles of SDH, mapping and aligning a 2Mbit/s tributary into a TU-12, aligning the VC-12 in a TU-12, multiplexing TU-12's into a TUG-2, multiplexing TUG-2's into a TUG-3, multiplexing TUG-3's into a VC-4, the VC-4 path overhead, the STM-1 frame, the AU-4 pointer, the STM-1 section overheads, multiplexer section protection, transmission at rates higher than STM-1, concatenation line transmission functions in SDH SONET Multiplexing Techniques Mapping a DS1 tributary into a virtual tributary, aligning the VT-SPE into a VT frame, mapping the VTGs into a STS-1 SPE, the STS-1 synchronous payload envelope, the STS-1 frame SONET network sections and lines transmissions at higher rates than STS-1 SDH Functions and Facilities SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, synchronisation of SDH networks, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, SDH performance monitoring, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, network management and SDH, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), future services and technologies OSI Telecommunications Network Management Definition of network management, managing telecom equipment, the managed object library, the management information base, the telecommunications management network (TMN), the Q3 protocol.

Intro to SQL training course description A hands on course focusing on the use of SQL. In particular this course does not concentrate on any particular version of SQL but rather enables delegates to recognise the differences found in SQL on different platforms. What will you learn Explain the difference between standard SQL and different flavours. Use SQL statements to query databases. Use SQL statements to define databases. Intro to SQL training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with databases. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Intro to SQL training course contents What is SQL? What is SQL? History, standards, What is SQL used for? Dialects, ANSI SQL, PL/SQL, Transact SQL, front ends. Database basics RDBMS, Tables. Hands on Investigating a database. Basic SQL commands SQL Overview: SQL DML, SQL DDL, SQL queries. SELECT, WHERE and ORDER BY clauses. Combining conditions. IN, LIKE and BETWEEN. Hands on Querying a database from existing tables. SQL data retrieval Scalar functions. Hands on Selecting data from an existing database. More SQL data retrieval Scalar functions, variations. Aggregate functions, GROUP BY. HAVING. Hands on Selecting data from an existing database. Table joins Multiple tables, joins, keys, inner joins, left joins, right joins. Hands on Selecting data from an existing database. SQL basic data manipulation INSERT, UPDATE, MERGE, DELETE. Transaction controls: COMMIT, ROLLBACK. Hands on Modifying data in tables. SQL Data Definition USE, CREATE, DROP, TRUNCATE, ALTER. Hands on Managing new tables and columns. Data control GRANT, REVOKE. Hands on Defining permissions.

DWDM training course description A concise overview of Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) with both Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) being covered. The course starts with a review of the relevant elements of fibre transmission and multiplexing before then studying WDM components and architectures. Reliability, resilience and management are then followed by WDM services and futures. What will you learn Explain the benefits of WDM. Describe Dispersion and four way mixing. Describe the different WDM equipment components. Describe different WDM architectures. Explain How DWDM works. DWDM training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with CWDM/DWDM. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days DWDM training course contents Fibre communications review Optical transmission, Fibre characteristics, Fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. CWDM ITU G.694.2, channels, channel spacing. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channels, channel spacing. WDM Equipment Components Equipment components and building blocks. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. WDM/DWDM Hubs. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Types of Cross Connects (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. WDM Architectures WDM network sections. Point-to-Point, Optical switches, mesh, ring and star topology. Example of combined WDM and other technology network. Wavelength converting transponders, 1R, 2R, 3R. Protection for WDM Sub 50ms failover. Equipment protection. Card protection. Y cable, Splitter protection. Far end laser control. Line protection. OMSP 1+1, OMSP 1:1, OMSP 1: N. Self healing optical ring. Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP). Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON). WDM Management Options In band management. Out of band management. The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC). OSC capabilities. WDM services WDM Access. Bit rates, Transparent Networks. Modulation, DQPSK. SDH over WDM. Migrating from SDH to DWDM. Ethernet over WDM, IP over WDM. Optical Transport Networks G.709, 'digital wrapper', Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU), Optical Channel Transport Unit ( OTU), Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU). OTU1, OTU2, OTU3, OTU4. WDM Futures All optical amplification, Raman amplification, distributed, lumped. Bit rates. Solitons. Coherent technologies.