440 Research courses in Cardiff delivered Live Online

About this Training Course The drill string is the simplest piece of equipment in use on a drilling rig and at the same time, the most critical piece. We use the qualifier 'basic' because although 99% of the drill string comprises plain tubes that are just screwed together, the lowest section, just above the bit, can go to extreme loading and is fitted with highly sophisticated electronics packages providing both positional and lithological data as well as a steering system to drive and orient the bit. The principle tasks of the drill string are also deceptively simple. These are to: Convey each drill bit to the bottom of the hole and then to retrieve it when worn, Act as a conduit to convey drilling fluid at high pressure down to the bit and Transmit torque from surface to bit, occasionally in concert with a hydraulic motor to drive this bit. This 3 full-day course will cover in detail what it takes to decide on minimum drill string specifications, which are able to support the loads to which it will be subjected. In addition to the need to use a drill string with minimum strength requirements, we also need to ensure that we can prevent drill string failure. If the failure consists of a small split or leak of any kind, then the time involved may be little more than that required for a roundtrip to change the bit. If the string parts, then the recovery is likely to take a considerable amount of time. In a worst case scenario, the fish in the hole may prove impossible to retrieve, requiring a sidetrack. A less than optimal design of the string will reduce the efficiency of the operation and almost always leads to premature bit wear. This is particularly true when we are unable to measure and control the dynamics of the drill string as a whole and the bottomhole assembly in particular. Axial vibrations, torsional vibrations and lateral vibrations may take place in various degrees of severity. The behaviour of the drill string while operating under torsional vibrations is thought to be of great importance and may result in torsional buckling. This course will also cover the drilling optimization limiters, how to identify them and how to remove them. This is done by understanding the drill string dynamics - by operating under the most favourable conditions and by measuring the dynamics in the vicinity of the bit (or at the bit) in order to make timely adjustments. Training Objectives The course homes in what office staff needs to know and plan for and what field staff needs to know and implement. By the end of this course, participants will be familiar with: Critical dimensions of common drill pipe and weld-on tool joints and its relation to yield for calculation of tensile, torsional and burst resistance. Make-up torque of connections that relate to the tool joint dimensions and the torsional strength of that connection. Use of design factors and safety factors on tensile and torsional strength in relation to new and worn state. Conditions which could lead to drill pipe collapse. Situations where limitations on sinusoidal (snake) and helical buckling will apply and the influence of radial clearance and deviation. Failure of drill pipe (fatigue) and the circumstances under which these would occur (rotation across doglegs, pipe in compression etc). Mechanism under which hardbanding would induce casing wear and the methods applied to measure and prevent any significant wear. Drill pipe inspection methods we apply to identify early flaws/cracks/corrosion, to measure dimensions, to inspect tool joints etc. Common BHA components, including heavy wall drill pipe, their external/internal dimensions, connections (API, proprietary) and appearance (such as spiral). Significance of thread compounds to ensure the correct make-up torque is applied. Significance of drill string/BHA 'neutral point' in the context of drill string component failure. Basic design principles for a BHA make-up in a vertical, low/medium deviated and highly deviated well in terms of weight transfer and drag/torque. Stabilization principles for a pendulum (vertical), a stabilized (vertical or tangent), a build and a drop-off assembly. BHA design and stabilization in relation to mitigation/elimination of vibration and to the elimination of tension, torsion or fatigue failure. Matching bit aggressiveness, gauge length, BHA stabilization, steerability and Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) to mitigate the severity of any vibration. Bit efficiency and reduction of wear by understanding mechanical and hydraulic limiters. How to perform a passive or active drill-off test. Importance of being conversant with API 7G RP and/or equivalent data books, to look up/check the recommended tensile/torque and other parameters for the drill string in use. Target Audience This course is intended for staff directly or indirectly involved in the delivery of challenging wells such as junior to senior well engineers, both in office-based planning and operations and field-based operator/contractor supervisory staff such as company men and toolpushers. Trainer Your expert course leader has over 45 years of experience in the Oil & Gas industry. During that time, he has worked exclusively in the well engineering domain. After being employed in 1974 by Shell, one of the major oil & gas producing operators, he worked as an apprentice on drilling rigs in the Netherlands. After a year, he was sent for his first international assignment to the Sultanate of Oman where he climbed up the career ladder from Assistant Driller, to Driller, to wellsite Petroleum Engineer and eventually on-site Drilling Supervisor, actively engaged in the drilling of development and exploration wells in almost every corner of this vast desert area. At that time, drilling techniques were fairly basic and safety was just a buzz word, but such a situation propels learning and the fruits of 'doing-the-basics' are still reaped today when standing in front of a class. After some seven years in the Middle East, a series of other international assignments followed in places like the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Turkey, Denmark, China, Malaysia, and Russia. Apart from on-site drilling supervisory jobs on various types of drilling rigs (such as helicopter rigs) and working environments (such as jungle and artic), he was also assigned to research, to projects and to the company's learning centre. In research, he was responsible for promoting directional drilling and surveying and advised on the first horizontal wells being drilled, in projects, he was responsible for a high pressure drilling campaign in Nigeria while in the learning centre, he looked after the development of new engineers joining the company after graduating from university. He was also involved in international well control certification and served as chairman for a period of three years. In the last years of his active career, he worked again in China as a staff development manager, a position he nurtured because he was able to pass on his knowledge to a vast number of new employees once again. After retiring in 2015, he has delivered well engineering related courses in Australia, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, China, South Korea, Thailand, India, Dubai, Qatar, Kuwait, The Netherlands, and the United States. The training he provides includes well control to obtain certification in drilling and well intervention, extended reach drilling, high pressure-high temperature drilling, stuck pipe prevention and a number of other ad-hoc courses. He thoroughly enjoys training and is keen to continue taking classes as an instructor for some time to come. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Level 7 Diploma In Education Management And Leadership Pathway To (MA In Education Management And Leadership) Level 7 Diploma in Strategic Marketing (QCF) – 6 - 8 Months Credits: 120 Credits Level 7 Diploma in Strategic Marketing qualification provides the learners with the skills and understanding in marketing & branding that align with good strategic decision making to maintain organisations’ competitive advantage.  Successful completion of this qualification will develop learners’ strategic marketing management, consumer behaviour and branding skills and their ability to focus on the requirements of implementing an organisation’s strategy. This programme is a Pathway to MSc in Strategic Marketing. Course Details The Level 7 Diploma in Education Management and Leadership qualification consists of 6 mandatory units for a combined total of 120 credits, 1200 hours Total Qualification Time (TQT) and 600 Guided Learning Hours (GLH) for the completed qualification.Modules: Contemporary Issues in Education: Theory, Policy and Practice The Management of Educational Change Managing Effective Intercultural Communication and Perspectives Pedagogy and Practice in Education Leading Reflective Practice in Education Research Methods in Education Accreditation All MSBM courses are accredited by the relevant partners and awarding bodies. Please refer to MSBM accreditation in about us for more details. University Progression University Top-up On completion of this course, students have the opportunity to complete a Master degree programme from a range of UK universities. The top-up programme can be studied online or on campus. The top-up comprises the final 60 credits which consist of either a dissertation or a dissertation and one module. (The course tuition fee listed above does NOT include the top-up fees) University Progression Click here to see University routes and fee information for progression. Entry Requirements For entry onto the Level 7 Diploma in Education Management and Leadership leading to the MA Education Management and Leadership qualification, learners must possess: An honours degree in related subject or UK level 6 diploma or equivalent overseas qualification i.e. Bachelors Degree or Higher National Diploma OR Mature learners (over 25) with at least 5 years of management experience if they do not possess the above qualification (this is reviewed on a case by case basis) Workshops Workshops are conducted by live webinars for all students. Visa Requirements There is no Visa requirement for this programme.

Are you thinking about setting up a new business? Her Biz, the 'virtual' Women's Start-Up programme is returning to support aspiring female entrepreneurs in East Sussex and Kent.

Emotional Intelligence (Virtual) Emotional Intelligence is a set of emotional and social skills that collectively establish how well we: Perceive and express ourselves Develop and maintain social relationships Cope with challenges Use emotional information in an effective and meaningful way It is a skill set that transfers across all categories of relationships. It is also a predictor of success - both in life and at work. This highly-interactive course delivers a practical approach to developing, improving, and sustaining effective and mutually beneficial relationships. The design of the course involves individual reflection and paired activities, interwoven with small and large group interactions. The EQ-i 2.0® assessment reports will be debriefed over the course of the two days. In addition, participants will delve into their personal strengths and blind spots, and will explore topics including: the neuroscience of emotion, the connection between empathy and performance, and how communication styles impact our perceptions of self and other. Role-play activities give participants the opportunity to try out new behaviors and techniques. The program includes: A personal behavioral profile, the results of which you will bring to your training 2-day highly interactive workshop and experiential learning Optional professional coaching activities initiated in class that can continue over the four months after class ends What you will Learn Recognize your interpersonal strengths and potential blind spots regarding Emotional Intelligence Identify the five domains within the EQ-i 2.0 assessment model Summarize what neuroscience research has discovered about emotions and actions Recognize ways that human beings are physiologically impacted by stress Articulate ways to develop and maintain strong working relationships Describe how emotional intelligence translates into high performance Make use of the EI model and associated competencies Employ strategies for enhancing leadership through Emotional Intelligence Getting Started Foundation Concepts The biology of emotion Why Emotional Intelligence matters The impact of EI on performance The EQ-I 2.0 Model Overview of the EQ-i 2.0 framework Exploring your report Balancing your EI domains Self: Awareness and Sensitivity Self-awareness and empathy Perception vs. reality Acting by choice, not impulse Other: Communication and Relationship-Building Elements of effective communication Communication styles Communication techniques Neuroscience and Behavioral Change Insights from social neuroscience Making a change Summary and Next Steps

Not everyone is born with it, but unlike IQ, Emotional Intelligence can be acquired and improved with practice.

This course is designed to help adult learners develop the necessary language skills for academic success in an English-speaking environment. Through a combination of reading, writing, listening, and speaking exercises, participants will enhance their abilities to comprehend and produce academic texts, engage in critical thinking, and effectively communicate their ideas in written and spoken English.  Course Duration: 12 weeks (24 sessions) Course Objectives: By the end of this course, participants will: 1. Improve their academic vocabulary and understanding of complex grammatical structures. 2. Enhance their reading comprehension skills for academic texts. 3. Develop effective note-taking strategies for lectures and presentations. 4. Enhance their academic writing skills, including essay structure and research techniques. 5. Improve their ability to deliver academic presentations and participate in discussions. 6. Gain familiarity with academic conventions and citation styles. Course Outline: Week 1: Introduction to Academic English - Assessing participants' language proficiency and academic goals - Overview of the course syllabus and expectations - Introduction to academic vocabulary and common idiomatic expressions Week 2: Reading Comprehension - Scanning and skimming techniques for efficient reading - Strategies for understanding main ideas and supporting details - Vocabulary building through reading academic texts Week 3: Note-taking Skills - Effective note-taking during lectures and presentations - Organizing and summarising information - Practice exercises and listening activities Week 4: Academic Writing: Paragraph Structure - Understanding the components of a well-structured paragraph - Developing topic sentences and supporting ideas - Practice exercises on paragraph development Week 5: Academic Writing: Essay Structure - Introduction to essay structure: introduction, body, and conclusion - Crafting clear and concise thesis statements - Developing coherent and well-supported arguments Week 6: Research Skills and Citations - Introduction to academic research techniques - Evaluating sources for credibility and relevance - Understanding and applying citation styles (e.g., APA, MLA) Week 7: Grammar for Academic Writing - Review of essential grammar structures for academic writing - Practice exercises on sentence structure and complex grammar - Common grammatical errors to avoid in academic writing Week 8: Academic Writing: Research Papers - Understanding the research paper format and structure - Conducting literature reviews and integrating sources - Drafting and revising research papers Week 9: Academic Speaking: Presentations - Preparing and delivering effective academic presentations - Using visual aids and engaging the audience - Practicing presentation skills through individual and group activities Week 10: Academic Speaking: Discussions and Debates - Participating in academic discussions and debates - Expressing opinions and supporting arguments effectively - Listening and responding critically to others' viewpoints Week 11: Academic Writing: Critical Analysis - Analyzing and critiquing academic texts - Developing critical thinking and evaluation skills - Writing critical analysis essays Week 12: Review and Final Projects - Reviewing course content and addressing individual needs - Finalizing and presenting individual projects - Course evaluation and feedback session Note: This syllabus is a guideline and can be customised based on the specific needs and preferences of the participants. You can opt in and out of different modules. 

About this Course Batteries are going to play an increasingly important role in the energy grid. An increasing number of developers are looking to add battery storage systems (BESS) into their existing projects. However future cash flows are highly uncertain and they are often unsure exactly how battery technology can be monetised. A strong revenue model requires stacking of different revenue sources. As the share of variable renewable sources in electricity systems further increase, battery systems are expected to play a growing role by providing frequency control and operational reserves as well as for wholesale arbitrage, while helping reduce grid integration costs. The more volatile electricity prices are, the greater the earning potential of batteries trading electricity on various electricity markets. BESS can generate revenue streams in several different ways; through a frequency response contract with the TSO, by providing grid services in other ways or by arbitrage through buying cheap power and selling power for a higher price in a liquid wholesale market. Because batteries are efficient, the round trip efficiency is also high. They can spread arbitrage trading much better than other storage types and in many cases, other asset classes. For companies that combine a battery with other tasks, for example to store power from their own panels, or to avoid a costly heavy power connection, the investment is less risky than for those that purely focus on arbitrage trading. It is uncertain whether electricity prices will fluctuate more violently in the coming years, or whether the peaks will actually level off. During this highly interactive training, the trainer will provide you with the latest insights and best practices on how to obtain the maximum economic benefits when participating with BESS in the electricity market. Training Objectives By the end of this course, the participants will be able to: Discover the different BESS battery technologies and their impact on the grid Understand the role of storage in providing flexibility to the power system Examine the potential revenue streams from BESS models Learn how profit can generated with BESS trading strategies Determine how to optimize the value from BESS projects Find out how to combine BESS with renewable PPAs Target Audience Professionals and executives from Power Utilities, Energy Companies, Financial & Investment Banks, Renewable Power Project Developers, Transmission System Operators and Energy Industry Regulators will find this training course useful. Electricity Marketing and Traders New Venture or Business Development Executives Corporate Finance and Treasury Executives Audit and Risk Management Executives Power or Utility Market Research Analysts Investment Managers for Renewable Power Projects Origination Professionals Regulation, Compliance and Documentation Officers Lawyers and Accountants Power Transmission and Distributions Engineers Trainer Our key expert is a skilled and accomplished professional with over 25 years' of extensive senior management / board level experience in the energy markets worldwide. Next to advising energy companies, banks, consultants and regulators regarding PPAs, our key expert has also conducted several highly successful training courses about Power Purchase Agreements, Power Project Finance, IPPs, and Project Risk Management to over 1,000 high level participants from Asia, Africa, Europe and Middle East. He was a member of the expert commission of the Dutch Government for 2 offshore wind parks, Hollandse Kust (zuid) Wind Farm Zone Sites 3 and 4 that advised on which of the 5 applicants did provide the best security and solutions associated with the electricity and green certificate prices, the construction and operational risks of the project. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Level 7 Diploma In Logistics And Supply Chain Management Pathway To MSc In Logistics And Supply Chain Management Level 7 Diploma in Logistics and Supply Chain Management (QCF) – 6 - 8 Months Credits: 120 Credits The objective of the Level 7 Diploma in Logistics and Supply Chain Management qualification is to broaden learners’ understanding of logistics and supply chain management and is designed for those who wish to prepare for a first professional role and future career in the field. It is also suitable for logistics and supply chain professionals in the early stages of their career looking to enhance their knowledge and skills and move to the next level professionally.This programme is a Pathway programme to MSc in Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Course Details Successful completion of this qualification will equip learners with the specialist knowledge and skills needed to further their career as a logistics and supply chain professional as well as the opportunity to embark on further study towards a relevant Master’s programme with advanced standing.The Level 7 Diploma in Logistics and Supply Chain Management consists of 6 mandatory units for a combined total of 120 credits, 1200 hours Total Qualification Time (TQT) and 600 Guided Learning Hours (GLH) for the completed qualification.Modules (120 Credits): Logistics Management Supply Chain Planning, Modelling and Analytics Procurement and Supply Management Supply Chain and Operations Strategy Sustainable Operations Management Business Research Methods Accreditation All MSBM courses are accredited by the relevant partners and awarding bodies. Please refer to MSBM accreditation in about us for more details. University Progression University Top-up On completion of this course, students have the opportunity to complete a Master degree programme from a range of UK universities. The top-up programme can be studied online or on campus. The top-up comprises the final 60 credits which consist of either a dissertation or a dissertation and one module. (The course tuition fee listed above does NOT include the top-up fees) University Progression Click here to see University routes and fee information for progression. Entry Requirements For entry onto the Level 7 Diploma in Logistics and Supply Chain Management leading to the MSc Logistics and Supply Chain Management qualification, learners must possess: An honours degree in related subject or UK level 6 diploma or equivalent overseas qualification i.e. Bachelors Degree or Higher National Diploma OR Mature learners (over 25) with at least 5 years of management experience if they do not possess the above qualification (this is reviewed on a case by case basis) Workshops Workshops are conducted by live webinars for all students. Visa Requirements There is no Visa requirement for this programme.

Level 7 Diploma In Strategic Marketing Pathway To MSc In Strategic Marketing Level 7 Diploma in Strategic Marketing (QCF) – 6 - 8 Months Credits: 120 Credits Level 7 Diploma in Strategic Marketing qualification provides the learners with the skills and understanding in marketing & branding that align with good strategic decision making to maintain organisations’ competitive advantage.  Successful completion of this qualification will develop learners’ strategic marketing management, consumer behaviour and branding skills and their ability to focus on the requirements of implementing an organisation’s strategy. This programme is a Pathway to MSc in Strategic Marketing. Course Details The Level 7 Diploma in Strategic Marketing qualification enables learners to progress into or within employment and/or to work toward a relevant Master’s programme with advanced standing.The Level 7 Diploma in Strategic Marketing qualification consists of 6 mandatory units for a combined total of 120 credits, 1200 hours Total Qualification Time (TQT) and 600Guided Learning Hours (GLH) for the completed qualification.Modules (120 Credits): Contemporary Issues and Principles of Marketing Consumer Behaviour and Market Communications Digital and Social Media Marketing Contemporary Challenges and Strategic Marketing Strategic Brand Management Marketing Research Project Accreditation All MSBM courses are accredited by the relevant partners and awarding bodies. Please refer to MSBM accreditation in about us for more details. University Progression University Top-up On completion of this course, students have the opportunity to complete a Master degree programme from a range of UK universities. The top-up programme can be studied online or on campus. The top-up comprises the final 60 credits which consist of either a dissertation or a dissertation and one module. (The course tuition fee listed above does NOT include the top-up fees) University Progression Click here to see University routes and fee information for progression. Entry Requirements For entry onto the Level 7 Diploma in Strategic Marketing leading to the MSc in Strategic Marketing qualification, learners must possess: An honours degree in related subject or UK level 6 diploma or equivalent overseas qualification i.e. Bachelors Degree or Higher National Diploma OR Mature learners (over 25) with at least 5 years of management experience if they do not possess the above qualification (this is reviewed on a case by case basis) Workshops Workshops are conducted by live webinars for all students. Visa Requirements There is no Visa requirement for this programme.

Essential 5G training course description This course is designed to give delegates an explanation of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. It is not a definitive set of descriptions but a possibility of the final deployment. we will investigate the 10 pillars for 5G which will include various Radio Access Technologies that are required to interwork smoothly. We will look at the 4G Pro features and other RATs. What will you learn List the ten pillars of 5G deployment. Describe the 5G Internet. Explain virtualization and RAT virtulization. Describe Software Defined Networks (SDN). Explain carrier aggregation. Describe the mobile cloud. Explain an overall picture of 5G architecture. Essential 5G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone looking for an understanding of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Essential 5G training course contents Drivers for 5G 5G Road Map, 10 Pillars of 5G, evolving RATs, oSON, MTCm, mm-wave, backhaul, EE, new spectrum, spectrum sharing, RAN virtualisation. 4G LTE Advanced MIMO technology in release 8, Downlink & uplink MIMO R8, MIMO technology in LTE advanced, Downlink 8-layer SU-MIMO, Downlink MU-MIMO, Uplink MU-MIMO, Uplink transmit diversity, Coordinated multi-point operation (CoMP), Independent eNB & remote base station configurations, Downlink CoMP. ICIC & eICIC ICIC, Homogeneous to heterogeneous network evolution, Introduction to eICIC, Macro-pico scenario, Macro-femto scenario, Time orthogonal frequencies. Almost Blank Subframe (ABS). Carrier aggregation Component carriers (CC), CC aggregation deployments, Intra-band contiguous solutions, Intra-band non-contiguous solutions, Inter-band non-contiguous solutions, CA bandwidth classes, Aggregated transmission bandwidth configurations (ATBC), Possible carrier aggregation configs. eIMTA TDD UL-DL reconfig. for traffic adaptation, Reconfig. mechanisms, Interference mitigation schemes, Dynamic & flexible resource allocation. 5G architectures 5G in Europe, horizon 2020 framework, 5G infrastructure PPP, METIS project, 5G in North America, academy research, company R&D, 5G specifications. The 5G internet High-level view of Cloud Services, The Internet of Things & context awareness, Network reconfiguration & virtualization support, server proliferation, how VMs fix underutilised server problem, enter the hypervisor, why are VM such a big deal? SDN, evolution of the data centre network, high availability, low latency, scalability, security, cost model explodes, service-oriented API. OpenFlow switches, OpenFlow controllers, how SDN works. The big picture, pulling it all together, why the network had to change, how SDN & NFV tie together. Evolutionary approach to the internet, architectures for distributed mobility management, MEDIEVAL & MEDIVO projects, a clean slate approach, mobility first architecture. VNet, INM, NetInf, ForMux, MEEM. Generic Path (GP) & anchorless mobility (AM), Quality of Service support, network resource provisioning, resourcing inside a network. IntServ, RSVP, DiffServ, CoS. Emerging approach for resource over- provisioning, example use case architecture for scalable resource control scenarios in the 5G internet. Integrating SDN/NFV for efficient resource over-reservation control, control information repository, service admission control policies, network resource provisioning, control enforcement functions, network configurations & operations. Small cells for 5G Average spectral efficiency evolution, WiFi & Femto cells, Capacity limits. Achievable gains with densifications, multi-antenna techniques, small cells. Mobile data demand, approach & methodology, subscriber density and traffic demand projections to 2020. Demand versus capacity, global mobile data traffic increase modelling, country level backhaul traffic projections, Small cell challenges, backhaul, spectrum, automation. Cooperation for next gen wireless networks Diversity & relaying strategies, cooperation & network coding, ARQ & MAC protocols, NCCARQ & PRCSMA packet exchange, Physical layer impact on MAC protocol analysis, NCCARQ overview, PHY layer impact, Case study on NCCARQ. Mobile clouds Mobile cloud, Mobile cloud enablers, mobile user domain, wireless technologies, WWAN WLAN and WPAN range, Bluetooth, IEEE.802.15.4 & software stacks, infrared, near field communications (NFC). Network coding, store & forward vs compute & forward, linear network coding, random linear coding. Security for 5G communications Potential 5G communication systems architectures, Security issues & challenges. Mobile malware attacks targeting the UE, 5G mobile botnets, access networks, attacks on 4G networks, C-RNTI & packet sequence number based UE location tracking, false buffer status reports attacks, message insertion attacks, HeNB attacks, physical attacks, credential attacks, configuration and protocol attacks, attacks on MON, user data & identity attacks, mobile operator's core network, DDoS attacks targeting MON, signalling amplification, HSS saturation, external IP networks.