5548 Practitioner courses in Nottingham delivered Online

**Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care - CPD Certified Training** Public health is a vital subject that affects us all, and a solid education in the field can lead to a plethora of career opportunities. Our Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course can provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to help improve the lives of many people. Key Features This Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care Course comes with: CPD Certification FREE Instant e-certificate and hard copy included Fully online, interactive course with audio voiceover Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Tutor Support Lifetime Access When it comes to our well-designed public health course, you can expect to learn about the various aspects of the field. You will gain knowledge about health promotion, epidemiology, disease prevention and control, and healthcare reform. You will also learn about the various levels of public health, from global to local, as well as the various roles of public health practitioners. This Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course will also teach you how to work with various populations, from families to organisations. You will also learn how to analyse data, spot trends, and devise strategies to improve public health. You will also learn how to assess the impact of health interventions and their effectiveness. So, don't wait up. Enrol now in our Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course where you will be the best among all! Learning Outcomes of Public Health Develop an understanding of public health concepts and principles, as well as their relevance to global health. Learn Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care Examine current epidemiological trends and their public health implications. Analyse the factors that influence individual and population health and well-being. Assess the impact of public health interventions on population health. Public Health Course Curriculum The detailed curriculum outline of this Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course is as follows: ***Public Health*** Module 01: Introduction to Public Health Module 02: Principles of Public Health Module 03: Understanding Epidemiology Module 04: Disease Control Module 05: Understanding Measures of Disease Frequency Module 06: Maternity and Childbirth Module 07: Environment and Public Health Module 08: Health System and Policy Module 09: Public Health and Ethics Accreditation All of our courses, including this Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course, are fully CPD accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certification Once you've successfully completed your Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months. Assessment At the end of the Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course, there will be an online assessment, which you will need to pass to complete the course. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course should be taken by anyone who wants to understand more about the topic. With the aid of this course, you will gain a solid comprehension of the subject and be able to grasp the fundamental ideas. Additionally, this training is ideal for Those who are working for a promotion Those in charge of leading a team Organisation wishing to train their staff might also benefit significantly from this course. Requirements Learners do not require any prior qualifications to enrol on this Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care course. Career path People tend to pursue in these career sectors Epidemiologist Health Educator Public Health Nurse Health Administrator Nutritionist The salary range for Public Health: Epidemiology, Disease Control, Childbirth & Maternity Care professionals in the UK can vary depending on experience & qualifications. Generally, salaries for entry-level roles range from £20,000 to £45,000 for the more experienced. Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

There are hardly any professions out there that are as challenging and dynamic as nursing and midwifery professions are. They are constantly changing and evolving alongside modern science. So, Nursing and Midwifery courses are absolutely necessary to stay up-to-date on the knowledge and information of the required field. Nursing and midwifery are not just mere jobs. To do well in these professions, you need to have a genuine desire to help people as well as the proper knowledge to do so. Along with the knowledge and skills, it is also necessary to know about the various roles and responsibilities associated with these professions. In our Nursing and MIdwifery two-course combo, you will get to learn about these two professions and related knowledge in a comprehensive and well-detailed manner. Completing these courses will surely keep you ahead of the curve in your professional field. Nursing and Midwifery Bundle includes: Course 01: Nursing Course 02: Midwifery Key Features of the Nursing and Midwifery Course: CPD Accredited Nursing and Midwifery Course Instant e-certificate Fully online, interactive Nursing and MIdwifery course with audio voiceover Developed by qualified professionals in the field Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Learning Outcomes of The Nursing and Midwifery Course After completing our Nursing and Midwifery courses, you will: Be able to deal with various medical conditions as a nurse Gain a better understanding of midwifery, its origin, management, education etc Understand a midwife's role in antenatal and postnatal care of both mother and baby Understand the ethical standpoint of the Nursing and Midwifery professions Learn necessary nursing and midwifery skills like effective communication, empathy and comfort etc. Nursing and Midwifery Course Curriculum Course 01: Nursing The detailed curriculum outline of this course is as follows: Module 01: Introduction to Nursing Module 02: Working in Different Healthcare Settings Module 03: Legal, Standards and Professional Aspects of Ethical Practice: Part - 1 Module 04: Legal, Standards and Professional Aspects of Ethical Practice: Part - 2 Module 05: Effective Communication Module 06: Health and Safety in Nursing Module 07: Hygiene in Nursing Module 08: Infection Control Module 09: Asepsis in Nursing Module 10: Medication Administration Module 11: Understanding the Immune System in Nursing Module 12: Rest and Sleep Management Module 13: Mobility and Immobility Issues of Patients in Nursing Module 14: Pain Management for Nurses Module 15: Nutrition in Nursing Module 16: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Module 17: Assisting with Elimination Module 18: Oxygenation in Nursing Course 02: Midwifery The detailed curriculum outline of this MIdwifery course is as follows: Module 01: Definition and Origin of Midwifery Module 02: Midwifery as a Career Option Module 03: Midwifery Management and Education Module 04: Midwives' Role in Health and Inequality Module 05: Social, Cultural and Spiritual Context of Childbearing Module 06: Antenatal Care and Screening Module 07: Midwifery Support in Labour: Intrapartum Care Module 08: Induction of labour Module 09: Postnatal Care as a Midwife Module 10: Nurture and Nature: The Healthy Newborn Module 11: Stillbirth, Neonatal Death and Bereavement Module 12: Infant feeding Module 13: Newborn Infection Module 14: Home Birth And many more...... Accreditation These Nursing and MIdwifery courses are fully accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. CPD 20 CPD hours / points Accredited by The CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Nursing and Midwifery Course can be taken by anyone who wants to understand more about the topic. With the aid of this Nursing and Midwifery course, you will be able to grasp the fundamental knowledge and ideas. Additionally, this Nursing and Midwifery Course is ideal for: Midwives already in the profession and looking to update their knowledge General healthcare practitioners Nurses already in the profession and looking to update their knowledge Students Anyone interested to know more about nursing and midwifery Requirements Learners do not require any prior qualifications to enrol on this Nursing and Midwifery Course. You just need to have an interest in Nursing and Midwifery Course. Career path After completing this Nursing and Midwifery Course you will have a variety of careers to choose from. The following job sectors of Nursing and Midwifery Course are: Nurse Nursing Associate Healthcare Assistant Midwife Sonographer The average salary for a Nurse can be £27,055- £40,588 per annum, and a Midwife can be £27,055- £47,672 per annum for anyone residing in the United Kingdom. Certificates Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the hard copy certificates for Free! The delivery charge of the hard copy certificate inside the UK is £3.99 each. Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included

Ready to take your healthcare knowledge to the next level? With increased responsibility across medical and care settings, Verification of Death is becoming a vital competency. Whether you're in nursing, palliative care, or allied health, the ability to carry out Verification of Death confidently is key. In the UK, this skill is essential for those supporting end-of-life care, and it’s gaining attention in wider healthcare frameworks. Introducing our “Verification of Death Course – CPD Accredited”—a complete guide to understanding and applying Verification of Death procedures. This course is designed to give you the essential knowledge required to handle the sensitive yet critical process of Verification of Death in various settings. Here’s what you’ll gain from this course: Understand the Foundations: Learn the purpose and process behind Verification of Death. Legal Knowledge: Explore ethical and lawful aspects of Verification of Death. Practical Methods: Discover clinical steps for confirming Verification of Death. Special Circumstances: Navigate Verification of Death in expected, unexpected, and complex cases. From understanding the signs and indicators to documenting the Verification of Death, this course ensures you are well-informed. It also covers interdisciplinary collaboration and clear certification procedures, making sure each Verification of Death is accurate and properly recorded. Don’t miss your chance to master every aspect of Verification of Death. Enrol today and build your confidence in managing Verification of Death across various care environments. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Verification of Death Module 02: Legal and Ethical Considerations Module 03: Methods and Procedures for Death Verification Module 04: Signs and Indicators of Death Module 05: Verification of Expected Death Module 06: Verification of Unexpected Death Module 07: Identifying Cause and Manner of Death Module 08: Death Verification in Special Cases Module 09: Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Death Verification Module 10: Certification & Documentation Learning Outcomes Analyse legal frameworks impacting death verification with precision. Execute varied methods and procedures for death verification competently. Identify and interpret signs and indicators of death accurately. Demonstrate proficiency in determining the cause and manner of death. Navigate through special cases in death verification adeptly. Foster effective interdisciplinary collaboration for comprehensive death verification. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Healthcare Professionals Legal Practitioners Mortuary Staff Law Enforcement Personnel Social Workers Funeral Service Providers Emergency Response Teams Medical Examiners Career path Forensic Pathologist Coroner Legal Consultant Mortuary Manager Healthcare Compliance Officer Social Services Coordinator Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

This Reflective Practice Culture this course is designed to develop critically reflective professional practitioners. The course will develop your teaching skills through self-reflection by keeping a reflective journal on your own development in a specific area of your classroom teaching. The course will introduce theories of learning, knowledge generation, framing and reframing, theories of action, reflection-in-practice, and conceptual innovation, and provide you with the opportunities to experiment with these theories in real life through practical exercises in which you reflect on real situations that you have faced in your past professional experience. You will learn to use different techniques which can be used to reflect and to collect data in your lessons. Who is this course for? Reflective Practice Culture is suitable for anyone who wants to gain extensive knowledge, potential experience and professional skills in the related field. This course is CPD accredited so you don't have to worry about the quality. Requirements Our Reflective Practice Culture is open to all from all academic backgrounds and there are no specific requirements to attend this course. It is compatible and accessible from any device including Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, Tablets etc. CPD Certificate from Course Gate  At the successful completion of the course, you can obtain your CPD certificate from us. You can order the PDF certificate for £9 and the hard copy for £15. Also, you can order both PDF and hardcopy certificates for £22. Career path This course opens a new door for you to enter the relevant job market and also gives you the opportunity to acquire extensive knowledge along with required skills to become successful. You will be able to add our qualification to your CV/resume which will help you to stand out in the competitive job industry. Course Curriculum Introduction Introduction 00:02:00 Myths about reflective practice Lesson 1 Myths about reflective practice 00:09:00 What is reflective practice? Lesson 2 What is reflective practice? 00:09:00 Making it happen Lesson 3 Making it happen 00:12:00 Conclusion Conclusion 00:02:00 Course Certification Order your Certificate 00:00:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates or Transcripts 00:00:00

The Child Protection Officer Training Course is an essential programme designed for individuals who want to better understand the role of a Child Protection Officer and contribute to creating safer environments for children. Whether you're looking to advance your career or become more informed on safeguarding issues, this course offers a thorough examination of the policies and procedures in place to protect young people from harm. Through engaging content, learners will gain an in-depth understanding of child protection laws, identifying signs of abuse, and responding effectively to safeguarding concerns. As a fully online course, it is designed to fit seamlessly into your schedule, ensuring flexibility while covering critical topics such as risk assessment, the roles and responsibilities of a Child Protection Officer, and the importance of collaborating with agencies to provide effective child protection. With our expert-led material, learners can build their knowledge at their own pace, equipping themselves with the necessary tools to identify and act on concerns related to child safety. Whether you're a social worker, educator, or involved in youth services, this course will provide valuable insights for anyone dedicated to keeping children safe and supported. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 1: Child Protection and Safeguarding Basics Module 02: Child Protection In the UK Module 03:Respond to Child Abuses Module 04: Sharing Information about Any Safeguarding Concerns Module 05: Report Abuse Module 06: Maltreatment of Children Module 07: Child Protection in Education System Module 08: Allegations Against Staff Module 09: Child Protection in Sport & Active Leisure Learning Outcomes: Analyse safeguarding concerns adeptly. Demonstrate knowledge of UK child protection laws. Implement effective responses to child abuse incidents. Proficiently share information regarding safeguarding concerns. Report child abuse incidents with precision and diligence. Evaluate and address allegations against staff in child protection scenarios. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Education professionals Social workers Healthcare practitioners Sports and leisure industry professionals Law enforcement personnel Youth workers Counsellors Volunteers in child-centric organisations Career path Child Protection Officer Social Worker Education Safeguarding Lead Youth Outreach Worker Sports and Leisure Safeguarding Officer Counsellor for Children and Adolescents Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

Keeping your skin healthy isn’t just about moisturisers and SPF—it’s about understanding the science behind it. This course offers a clear and focused look into the causes, symptoms and types of common skin conditions, from acne and eczema to infections and inflammatory disorders. With accurate, up-to-date information, learners will gain a solid foundation in skin structure, function and the ways our largest organ responds to both internal and external factors. Designed for individuals with an interest in dermatological wellbeing, beauty, or health care, the content is delivered entirely online and suitable for learners at any stage. Whether you're exploring a personal interest or aiming to build broader knowledge, this course is structured to be informative without drowning you in jargon. It’s all about clarity, relevance, and giving you the confidence to understand skin health with the seriousness it deserves—and just enough wit to keep things human. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Skincare and Skin Structure Module 02: Skin Nutrients Module 03: Skincare Routine and Hygiene Practices Module 04: Lifestyle Factors and Skincare Module 05: Skincare Products and Ingredients Module 06: Reducing Ageing Effects Module 07: Eczema Module 08: Keratinising and Papulosquamous Disorders Module 09: Skin Infections Module 10: Remedies for Acne Prone Skin Module 11: Seasonal Skin Care Learning Outcomes Analyse skin structures for targeted skincare. Formulate personalised skincare routines based on individual needs. Evaluate the impact of lifestyle choices on skin health. Identify and assess skincare products and ingredients effectively. Implement strategies to reduce the effects of ageing on the skin. Apply knowledge to address common skin conditions like eczema and acne. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Individuals aspiring to enhance personal skincare knowledge. Beauty enthusiasts seeking in-depth understanding. Healthcare professionals expanding their expertise. Dermatology assistants looking to deepen their skills. Spa and wellness practitioners aiming for specialised knowledge. Fitness and wellness consultants desiring skin health insights. Cosmetics retail staff enhancing product knowledge. Health-conscious individuals keen on effective skincare practices. Career path Dermatology Assistant Skincare Consultant Wellness Spa Specialist Beauty and Cosmetics Advisor Fitness and Wellness Consultant Cosmetics Retail Specialist Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.

This comprehensive counselling course equips you with the knowledge, skills, and ethical framework to support individuals facing personal challenges. Learn active listening, communication techniques, and evidence-based theories to foster positive change and empower others. Discover career opportunities and make a difference in the lives of individuals and communities.

Discover how to support youth mental health and well-being with our easy-to-follow course. Learn about child psychology, attachment, and common mental health issues in young people. Perfect for anyone interested in helping children thrive mentally and emotionally. Join now and make a positive impact!

The Pastoral Safeguarding Course offers a thorough exploration of safeguarding principles tailored specifically for pastoral settings. Designed to enhance awareness and understanding, this course guides learners through recognising and responding to safeguarding concerns with confidence and clarity. It delves into the essential responsibilities involved in creating safe environments where vulnerable individuals feel protected and supported, all within a straightforward and accessible online format. The content is crafted to suit anyone involved in pastoral care, whether in educational institutions, faith communities, or voluntary organisations. This course ensures that learners gain a clear grasp of safeguarding policies, the importance of confidentiality, and effective communication strategies to foster trust and respect. With an emphasis on recognising signs of abuse or neglect, it equips participants with the knowledge to act appropriately and sensitively. Delivered entirely online, this course fits seamlessly into busy schedules, allowing individuals to study at their own pace without the need for physical attendance. Whether you’re new to pastoral safeguarding or seeking a refresher, this course provides the confidence and understanding necessary to make a positive difference in the lives of those you support. Key Features: CPD Accredited Pastoral Safeguarding Course Instant e-certificate Fully online, interactive Pastoral Safeguarding course with audio voiceover Developed by qualified professionals in the field Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Pastoral Safeguarding Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Safeguarding Module 02: Laws and Guidance Module 03: Child Abuse Module 04: Sexual Abuse Module 05: Risks and Risk Assessment Module 06: Responding to Disclosure and Reporting Module 07: Things to Do after Referral Module 08: Record Keeping Module 09: Introduction to School Administration Module 10: Types of Schools in the UK Module 11: Workplace Development Module 12: Safeguarding Students Module 13: Child Development Module 14: Managing School Premises. Module 15: Managing for Health and Safety Module 16: Risk Assessment and Common Risks Module 17: Accidents and Ill Health at Work Module 18: Electrical, Fire, and Gas Safety Learning Outcomes: Understand the fundamental principles of pastoral safeguarding and its importance in pastoral care. Gain knowledge of the relevant laws and guidance governing pastoral safeguarding practices. Identify different forms of child abuse and understand how to respond appropriately. Acquire a comprehensive understanding of sexual abuse and the measures to prevent and address it. Learn how to respond to disclosures, report incidents, and navigate the referral process. Accreditation All of our courses, including this Pastoral Safeguarding course, are fully accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certification Once you've successfully completed your Pastoral Safeguarding course, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Assessment At the end of the Pastoral Safeguarding course, there will be an online assessment, which you will need to pass to complete the course. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This comprehensive Pastoral Safeguarding course is suitable for: School administrators, teachers, and pastoral staff. Social workers and child protection professionals. Healthcare and mental health practitioners working with children and young people. Requirements Learners do not require any prior qualifications to enrol on this Pastoral Safeguarding course. Career path School Safeguarding Officer Child Protection Advocate Youth Support Worker Social Worker (Specializing in Child Welfare) Education Policy Analyst Family Support Worker Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the hard copy certificates for Free! The delivery charge of the hard copy certificate inside the UK is £3.99 each.

Duration 4 Days 24 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is recommended for:OperatorsDevelopersAdministrators Overview After completing this course, you should be able to:Run and manage automated workflows using HP Operations Orchestration (OO) 10.xPerform a wide range of system administration, monitoring, and management tasks using OO CentralAuthor, maintain, document, and package new automated workflows using the OO Studio applicationTest and debug the flows locally and remotelyWork with Looping and Iteration operationsApply parallel processing methods to your flows in HP Operations Orchestration (OO)Use responses, rules, and transitions to control flow runUse XML operations and XML filters for processing XML content in OOWork with JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) operationsUse the file system content in the OO libraryAdd email notifications to your flowsExecute scriptlet methods in OO to manage flow data and flow executionInstall, configure, and update OO This four-day course introduces students to the essential concepts and usage, as well as to more advanced features of the HP Operations Orchestration (OO) software. OO is part of HP Cloud Automation solutions. This four-day course introduces students to the essential concepts and usage, as well as to more advanced features of the HP Operations Orchestration (OO) software. OO is part of HP Cloud Automation solutions. Additional course details: Nexus Humans OO220 - Operations Orchestration 10.x Flow Development training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the OO220 - Operations Orchestration 10.x Flow Development course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.