28 Plane courses in Edinburgh

Sessions can happen ONLINE or IN PERSON. Please read below to choose the session that is more appropriate for you (you'll be asked to select one in the booking process) If you have questions please drop me an email info@schoolofshamanism.co.uk Don't worry if you do not know what to select, just come and I'll be happy to help you:-) Shamanism is probably the oldest way to see through our hearts and not our eyes to connect with the nature of our creation. It allows us to go behind and beyond the surface of things, to understand why and how certain situations occur in our lives. Shamanism is a spiritual practice that goes beyond every beliefs and culture and is about trying to reach our full potential as we walk on planet earth, so connecting ourselves to the whole. Shamans were described as the first physicians, magicians, artists, storytellers, spiritual beings. But shamans are healers that make changes in invisible realms to help healing in the ordinary reality of the community. Shamans see in the darkness (which is the meaning of the Siberian word “Shaman”) while connecting with the divine outside the time in an altered state of consciousness. We can work together using different methods: A) Shamanic healing We can work together to solve one of these imbalances in your life, where you feel: lost and without life purpose, unhappy and unsatisfied, anxious and worried, overwhelmed and stressed, without energy and hope, uncertain about your future, stuck in repetitive dynamics, unable to manifest abundance, incapable of making decisions,not aligned with your heart, disconnected from the universe,impatient and impulsive, not focused and balanced, with low esteem and more? B) Ikigai coaching to find your soul mission through shamanic work Ikigai is the manifestation, the realization of who you are. It has always been with you, it is your reason for being. Some people are lucky to find a job that corresponds to their true passion. They earn a living doing what they love. But there are a lot of people that do not have such a privilege or can’t find the courage for such a big change.The Japanese people from the island of Okinawa have a word for you: Ikigai. It’s your “reason for being”, where you combine what you love with what you are good. Ikigai is 'what makes you happy to get out of bed in the morning' and is formed by the union of two words: iki which means 'life' and gai that is 'what is worthwhile' which the ancients called “happiness”, your soul mission. Our session together will be a deep inner journey, suitable for those who already know their life mission and those who have no clue at all about it or just are not aware how to combine their gifts and skills. You will reconnect with your inner voice and true skills to realize your true life mission. C) Shamanic divination is a powerful practice rooted in the traditions of indigenous cultures worldwide. It involves using sacred tools like bones, stones, eggs, sticks, shells, beads and more to access wisdom from the past and present. These tools reveal patterns, offering guidance on life’s journey. Whether you seek clarity or understanding, the practice connects you with the cosmic web of life. Explore this ancient path to deeper insights with us. There are several options in which I can offer you a reading: Eggs:Egg ‘Limpia’: A Shamanic cleansing ritual and a tool for DivinationThe egg is a powerful tool in shamanic healing, used for ‘Limpia’ (meaning 'cleansing') to remove misplaced energy. As the egg sweeps over the aura and body, it absorbs negative energy, leaving you feeling lighter and rejuvenated.After the cleanse, we interpret the egg in water to gain insights into your emotional, physical, and spiritual state. This sacred ritual, passed down from indigenous healers, helps restore balance and harmony Stones you will need to bring(have with you) 3 medium/big stones with some marks on them and we will then choose 1 and I will guide you through the full process to find the answer to a burning question. My personal reading tools (shells and pebbles) Together in the session we can also find your 9 Power Animals. Everyone has nine power or totem animals that emulate each person’s abilities, talents and challenges. For example if a person is connected to Wolf as a power animal, that person is a born teacher, pathfinder, innovator. This does not mean that the person has acknowledged the gifts. The 9 animals are one for each of Direction (4 plus above, below, within) and two animals that walk aside you each time and that maybe have come to you in dreams for years or that you are simply drawn to. Through the use of cards, while connecting to my Spirit Allies, I will find out which animals are your main guides into your life. D) Spiritual Mentoring I am happy to help you with any questions you have about spirituality, about your personal journey, about any doubts you may have about the next steps to take in life. you will also receive your full essence and symbol from me though "soul remembrance : I will undertake a shamanic journey for you to retrieve the essence of your gifts and talents and a symbol to be blown into your solar plexus. E) Meditation Struggling with your practice or even to sit down quietly for more than 10 minutes? Meditation is simply the creation of a nice space, it’s not achieving exctasy, it’s slowing down and doing something with mindfulness.  It is familiarizing with knowledge and bring it to practice. Meditation on a concept is not reflecting on something, it’s to feel it deeply- First you learn how to meditate, then you use it as one of the most precious tools of change. So 1) we learn 2) we understand 3) we familiarize…...and we change! These sessions are designed for your bespoke challenges and needings, for those that feel the urge to quiet the mind and find focus and concentration in their daily life. There is no labelling about the style of these classes, no schools imprinting. My approach is creative and flows according to what my intuition suggests the student would benefit for. We will discuss your available dates if you feel starting a journey and we can work out a suitable package that follows your requirements. Beginners and experienced welcome. GIADA'S JOURNEY Creative and Spiritual Explorer of the human well-being running events for 20 years worldwide Shamanic Teacher *Toltec tradition: three years formal training with Two Birds at Anam Cara, Scotland *Japanese Yamabushi tradition with Selene Calloni Williams Shamanic and Integral Yoga Teacher Ikigai Coach and Forest Therapy Guide qualified with Selene Calloni Williams at the Imaginal Academy Professional Esoteric Numerologist graduated at The Connaissance School of Numerology, England Cacao Alchemist Practitioner obtained with Firetree Alchemy, Scotland Corporate Mental Health Coach achieved with WeFocus, Denmark and twenty years working in corporate Practitioner of Buddhist teachings, meditation and the Five Tibetan Rites Yoga Founder of Drink In Art exhibitions of local artists in private flats Founder of School of Shamanism (formerly Invisible Caims) workshops, classes, therapies, retreats Founder of Art and Spirituality centre for creativity and well-being Co-author of a non-profit book with 33 Italian women about our stories in different countries By attending to our classes, workshops, 1to 1 sessions and retreats you agree to our TERMS AND CONDITIONS Payment  Bookings are non-refundable.  Disclaimer  By booking any event or 1-1 session -online or any other venues – with us, you release Giada Gaslini, Invisible Caims/School of Shamanism, Art and Spirituality and any business partners working with for the event from any liability arising out of any personal injuries, emotional or physical release, death, expectations of results, theft in the venue or damages that may happen to people and objects while attending. We recommend that you consult your GP regarding the suitability of undertaking an exercise programme, if the class you are booking includes it like with yoga or similar, and following all the safety instructions required before beginning to exercise. When participating in an exercise, there is the possibility of sustaining a physical injury. If you engage in this exercise programme, you agree that you do so at your own risk, are voluntarily participating in these activities and assume all risk of injury to yourself. You acknowledge that coaching, shamanic healing and counselling are not to be used as a substitute for psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, mental health care, or other professional advice by legal, medical or other professionals. Our sessions are aimed at inner research, problem solving and personal growth, they do not replace the work of doctors and psychotherapists because they do not consider, treat or aim to solve pathologies and symptoms that are strictly medical. All contracts subject to and governed by the law according to my current insurance.   Added element of the disclaimer If the class happens in any venue and you are causing any damage to the property, you are taking responsibility of your actions. It is down to the individual to take personal responsibility when participating in physical activity and when entering a space that is used and shared by other parties. Giada Gaslini and Art and Spirituality do not take any responsibility about possible risks that may arise but can only advise and enforce guidelines and legal requirements as defined by the Scottish Government and local authorities.   

Hardening Cisco devices training course description A hands on course focusing on how to lock down Cisco IOS routers and switches. What will you learn Harden Cisco devices. Hardening Cisco devices training course details Who will benefit: Technical network staff. Technical security staff. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers. Duration 5 days Hardening Cisco devices training course content Introduction Router security, Switch security, Cisco IOS, IOS versions, Cisco advisories, the management plane, control plane, data plane. Hands on Checking IOS versions and advisories. Access control Infrastructure ACLs, Transit ACLs. Hands on Restricting access to the device, Filtering data traffic. Management plane: Securing operations Passwords, privilege levels, AAA, TACACS+, RADIUS. Hands on Password management. Management plane: Other general hardening Logging best practices, secure protocols, encrypting management sessions, configuration management. Hands on Hardening the management plane. Control plane Disabling reception and transmission of certain messages, Limiting CPU impact of control plane traffic, securing routing protocols. Hands on Hardening the control plane. Data plane Transit ACLs, disabling unused services, disabling unnecessary protocols, anti spoofing, limiting CPU impact of data plane traffic, identifying and tracing traffic, Netflow, VLANs, port security. Hands on hardening the data plane.

Essential SDN training course description Software Defined Networking (SDN) has become one of the industries most talked technologies. This training course cuts through the hype and looks at the technology, architecture and products available for SDN along with looking at the impact it may have on your network. What will you learn Explain how SDN works. Describe the architecture of SDN. Explain the relationship between SDN and OpenFlow. Recognise the impact SDN will have on existing networks. Essential SDN training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to know more about SDN. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Essential SDN training course contents Introduction What is SDN? What is OpenFlow? SDN benefits. The SDN stack and architecture. SDN architecture SDN applications, SDN switches, SDN controllers, Network Operating Systems. Control plane, data plane. Control to Data Plane Interface (CDPI), Northbound interfaces. SDN components, control and data plane abstractions. Network Operating Systems Finding the topology, Global view, control program, configuration based on views, graph algorithm. OpenFlow Just one part of SDN. Open Networking Foundation, OpenFlow ports, Flow tables, OpenFlow Channels. The OpenFlow protocol, OpenFlow header, OpenFlow operations. OpenFlow versus OpFlex. SDN and open source OpenDaylight, OpenVSwitch, Open Networking Forum, Open Network Operating System. OpenStack Neutron. SDN implications Separation of control and data plane, NOS running on servers, Emphasis on edge complexity, core simplicity, OpenvSwitch, Incremental migration, importance of software. SDN vs NVF.

STP alternatives training course description The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) dates from 1985. This course explores the technologies that can be used as an alternative to STP, including FabricPath, SPB and TRILL. What will you learn Explain how STP and RSTP work. Explain how TRILL works. Explain how SPB works. Explain how FabricPath works. STP alternatives training course details Who will benefit: Technical network staff. Prerequisites: Definitive Ethernet switching for engineers Duration 1 day STP alternatives training course contents Introduction Layer 2 versus Layer 3, STP problems: One path, convergence, MAC explosion, STP alternatives. STP 802.1D, how STP works, root bridge, convergence times, single path. RSTP 802.1w, Improvements, convergence times. Link aggregation 802.3ad, Multi system Link aggregation. IS-IS Concepts, Discovery, topology exchange, flooding. Changes for TRILL, FabricPath and SPB. FabricPath Overview, architecture, control plane protocols, DRAP, STP interactions, packet forwarding, configuration. TRILL Concepts, RBridge, TRILL frames, control plane, data plane, learning MAC addresses. SPB 802.1aq, Node ID, Backbone Edge Bridges, Backbone MAC address, customer MACs, I-SID, forwarding database.

4G training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. 4G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days 4G training course contents LTE Introduction The path to LTE, 3GPP. LTE to LTE advanced. LTE Architecture The core, Access, roaming. Protocols: User plane, Control plane. Example information flows. Bearer management. Spectrum allocation. LTE technologies Transmission, reception, OFDMA, multiple antenna, MIMO. LTE Air interface Air interface protocol stack. Channels, Resource Grid, cell acquisition. Up and downlink controls. Layer 2 protocols. Cell acquisition Power on, selecting networks and cells. RRC connection. Attach procedure. Mobility management Roaming, RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, cell reselection, handover, interoperation with UMTS and GSM networks. Voice and text IMS, QoS, policy and charging.

CCNP training course description The Implementing and Operating Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies (ENCOR) v1.2 course provides the knowledge and skills needed to configure, troubleshoot, and manage enterprise wired and wireless networks. You'll learn to implement security principles within an enterprise network and how to overlay network design using solutions such as SDAccess and SD-WAN. Course content includes 3 days of self-study material. This course helps you prepare for the 350-401 Implementing Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies (ENCOR) exam What will you learn Configure, troubleshoot, and manage enterprise wired and wireless networks Implement security principles within an enterprise network Prepare you prepare to take the 350-401 Implementing Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies (ENCOR) exam CCNP training course details Who will benefit: Mid-level network engineers, Network administrators, Network support technicians, Help desk technicians. Prerequisites: Implementation of Enterprise LAN networks. Basic understanding of Enterprise routing and wireless connectivity, and Python scripting Duration 5 days CCNP training course content Cisco Enterprise Network Architecture: Access, distribution, core in the hierarchical network. Cisco Switching Paths: Switching mechanisms, TCAM, CAM, process switching, fast switching, and CEF. Implementing Campus LAN Connectivity: Troubleshoot L2 connectivity using VLANs and trunkingBuilding Redundant Switched Topology: STP Implementing Layer 2 Port Aggregation Troubleshoot link aggregation using Etherchannel EIGRP Implement and optimize OSPFv2/v3, including adjacencies, packet types, and areas, summarization, and route filtering for IPv4/v6 Implement EBGP interdomain routing, path selection, and single and dual-homed networkingImplementing Network Redundancy: HSRP and VRRP Implement static and dynamic NAT Virtualization Protocols and TechniquesVPNs and Interfaces: Overlay technologies such as VRF, GRE, VPN, and LISP Wireless Principles: RF, antenna characteristics, and wireless standards.Wireless Deployment: Models available, autonomous AP deployments and cloud-based designs within the centralized Cisco WLC architecture Wireless Roaming and Location ServicesWireless AP Operation: How APs communicate with WLCs to obtain software, configurations, and centralized managementWireless Client Authentication: EAP, WebAuth, and PSK wireless client authentication on a WLC. Troubleshoot wireless client connectivity issues using various available tools Troubleshoot networks using services such as NTP, SNMP, Cisco IP SLAs, NetFlow, and Cisco IOS EEM Explain network analysis and troubleshooting tools, which include show and debug commands, as well as best practices in troubleshootingMulticast Protocols: IGMP v2/v3, PIM DM/SM and RPs Introducing QoS: Concepts and features. Implementing Network Services: Secure administrative access for Cisco IOS devices using CLI access, RBAC, ACL, and SSH, and device hardening concepts to secure devices from less secure applications Using Network Analysis ToolsInfrastructure Security: Scalable administration using AAA and the local database, features and benefits Enterprise Network Security Architecture: VPNs, content security, logging, endpoint security, personal firewalls, and other security features. Automation and Assurance with Cisco DNA Center: Purpose, function, features, and workflow. Intent-Based Networking, for network visibility, proactive monitoring, and application experienceCisco SD-Access Solution: Nodes, fabric control plane, and data plane, VXLAN gatewaysCisco SD-WAN Solution: Components and features of Cisco SD-WAN solutions, including the orchestration, management, control, and data planesBasics of Python Programming: Python components and conditionals with script writing and analysis Network Programmability: NETCONF and RESTCONF APIs in Cisco DNA Center and vManage Labs: Investigate the CAM. Analyze CEF. Troubleshoot VLAN and Trunk Issues. Tuning STP and Configuring RSTP. Configure MSTP. Troubleshoot EtherChannel. Implement Multi-area OSPF. Implement OSPF Tuning. Apply OSPF Optimization. Implement OSPFv3. Configure and Verify Single-Homed EBGP. Implementing HSRP. Configure VRRP. Implement NAT. Configure and Verify VRF. Configure and Verify a GRE Tunnel. Configure Static VTI Point-to-Point Tunnels. Configure Wireless Client Authentication in a Centralized Deployment. Troubleshoot Wireless Client Connectivity Issues. Configure Syslog. Configure and Verify Flexible NetFlow. Configuring Cisco IOS EEM. Troubleshoot Connectivity and Analyze Traffic with Ping, Traceroute, and Debug. Configure and Verify Cisco IP SLAs. Configure Standard and Extended ACLs. Configure Control Plane Policing. Implement Local and Server-Based AAA. Writing and Troubleshooting Python Scripts. Explore JSON Objects and Scripts in Python. Use NETCONF Via SSH. Use RESTCONF with Cisco IOS XE.

LTE training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. LTE training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days LTE training course contents LTE Introduction The path to LTE, 3GPP. LTE to LTE advanced. LTE Architecture The core, Access, roaming. Protocols: User plane, Control plane. Example information flows. Bearer management. Spectrum allocation. LTE technologies Transmission, reception, OFDMA, multiple antenna, MIMO. LTE Air interface Air interface protocol stack. Channels, Resource Grid, cell acquisition. Up and downlink controls. Layer 2 protocols. Cell acquisition Power on, selecting networks and cells. RRC connection. Attach procedure. Mobility management Roaming, RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, cell reselection, handover, interoperation with UMTS and GSM networks. Voice and text IMS, QoS, policy and charging.

Network management technologies course description A comprehensive tour of the available network management technologies available for todays networks. The course starts with basic tools such as syslog along with Python network automation. SNMP is then covered with the *flow technologies and streaming telemetry. Configuration management with ansible, Python, NETCONF and RESTCONF is then studied. The final part of the course looks at SDN. Hands on sessions are used throughout to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer equipment. Note that sections are available as individual courses. What will you learn Evaluate network management technologies. Evaluate network management technologies. Recognise the weaknesses of SNMP versus NETCONF and streaming telemetry. Explain the role of NETCONF and RESTCONF. Compare & contrast *flow and streaming telemetry. Explain the role of SDN in network management. Automate network configuration with ansible and Python. Network management technologies course details Who will benefit: Those wishing to manage networks. (Previous Python experience is NOT needed) Prerequisites: Intro to data comms Duration 5 days Network management technologies course content Basic network management Network management What is network management? Benefits, issues. FCAPS model. Fault management, Configuration management, accounting, performance, security. What to manage, what not to manage. Managing network devices, managing servers. Monitoring networks Traditional network tools Ping..., SSH, syslog, TFTP for configurations. nmap. Wireshark. CLI. Web based management. Splunk. Nessus, snort, Kali. Hands on syslog, network inventories. Network automation using the CLI Programming and automating networks, netOps. Python, Git. Python network modules, SSH, paramiko, netmiko. EVE-NG. Hands onPython network modules. Structured versus unstructured data Problems with automation and unstructured data. XML, JSON, YAML. The role of YANG. Hands on Parsing data. SNMP SNMP architecture, SNMP MIBs, SMI, the SNMP protocol, polling security. Configuring SNMP. SNMPv1, v2, v3, SNMP security. Which version should you use? MIBs and MIB structure. mib-2, extra parts of mib-2, Private enterprise MIBs. Summary: What SNMP is good/bad at. Hands on Configuring agents and a NMS. MIB browsing. Server management Microsoft, Linux, application polling. WMI vs SNMP. Hands on: Application polling. Performance management *flow Polling, push vs pull, netflow, sflow, IPFIX, *flow. Flows. Where to monitor traffic. Comparing *flow with SNMP. Architecture: Generators and collectors. When flows are exported. NetFlow reporting products. SolarWinds. Hands on Netflow configuration. Collectors. Streaming telemetry Model driven telemetry, periodic/on change. Structured data. Telemetry protocol stack. gRPC and gNMI. Protobuf. gNMI operations. Telemetry architecture. Telegraf, databases, Grafana. Hands on Telemetry example. Configuration management Configuration management tools Chef, puppet, ansible, saltstack. Ansible architecture, controlling machines, nodes, agentless, SSH, modules. Inventories, playbooks, modules, network modules, jinja2 templates. Hands on Network configuration with ansible. NETCONF What is NETCONF? Protocol stack, Data stores, traffic flows, validating configurations, rollback. YANG data models and how YANG is used by NETCONF. XML. Explorers and other tools. Hands on anx, Python and NETCONF. RESTCONF The REST API, HTTP, What is RESTCONF? Tools including Postman. Comparison with NETCONF. Hands on Configuration with RESTCONF. Python network automation: configuration SSH issues. Using structured data. Jinja2. ncclient, requests, NAPALM, Nornir. Automated testing. Hands on Python network device configuration with nornir. Software Defined Networks and orchestration Classic SDN What is SDN? benefits. SDN architecture. SDN applications, SDN switches, SDN controllers, Network Operating Systems. Control plane, data plane. Northbound interfaces. SDN components. Southbound interfaces. OpenFlow. ONF, OpenFlow ports, Flow tables. Network virtualization Virtual networks, virtual switches, NfV. Service chaining. NfV and SDN. SDN implementations Classic SDN, Hybrid SDN, SDN via APIs, SDN via overlays. Data centre SDN, VXLAN, Service Provider SDN, SD WAN, Enterprise SDN, WiFi. SDN and open source OpenDaylight, OpenVSwitch, Open Networking Forum, Open Network Operating System. Hands onOpenStack. SD-WAN What is SD-WAN? Architecture: Edge, gateway, orchestrator, controller. Overlay and underlay. Use of MPLS, 4G/5G. Benefits and features. Secure Access Service Edge (SASE).

WAN training course description A hands on Introduction to Wide Area Networks for engineers. This course covers all current major WAN technologies from a perspective of design, evaluating technologies available as well as hands on to consolidate the theory What will you learn Describe the seven-layer model and realise how it applies to the real world. Evaluate and describe WAN technologies. Describe the architecture of WANs in the core. Use WANS to interconnect LANS. WAN training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff wishing to find out more about how their WAN works. Prerequisites: Intro to data communications & networking Duration 5 days WAN training course contents Introduction LANs, MANS and WANS, protocols, the OSI seven layer model, ITU-T, ETSI, DTE, DCE, and the overall picture. WAN architectures Service providers, core, access, DTE, DCE, CPE, dialup, circuit switched, packet switched, how to choose a WAN, common bandwidths, site to site, remote access. Topologies: Star, Full mesh, partial mesh. History of WANs Before IP was ubiquitous, The PSTN, Dial up networks, modems, ISDN, Stat mux, TDM, 64k, N*64, E1, X25, Frame Relay The role of IP and routers The growth of IP, the role of routers, routing tables, routing protocols. Hands on: IP and routing. Layer 1 Physical Copper, Fibre, Wireless, Microwave, Phone lines, FTTC, FTTH, mobile networks. Service provider technologies The transport plane, SDH, SONET, DWDM. WAN access Phone lines, leased lines, xDSL, WiMax, satellite, the role of PPP. Broadband adband xDSL, ADSL, SDSL, local loops, DSLAM, DSL architecture. ATM Cell switching principles, ATM switching, Virtual paths, QOS, CBR, VBR, ABR, UBR, AAL1 to AAL5, MPOA, LANE, Voice over ATM. The Internet VPNs, IPSEC, QOS. What is MPLS? Core MPLS, MPLS and the 7 layer model, MPLS protocol, MPLS standard, MPLS runs on routers, MPLS history, Why MPLS? MPLS architecture LSRs, PE and P router roles, FEC, swapping labels, MPLS packet format, Loops, TTL control. Ethernet What is Ethernet? LANs, MANs, WANs, Ethernet and switches in the LAN. Traditional LAN/WAN integration, routers. The Ethernet interface for the WAN. Standards: Transporting carrier Ethernet.

Telecomms training course description A comprehensive tour of the telecommunications technologies and terminology currently in use, and under development. What will you learn List and describe components of the PSTN. Explain how calls are made over the PSTN Compare analog and digital transmission methods. Describe the technologies within the transport plane. Recognise the benefits of extra features available in today's telephone networks. Telecomms training course details Who will benefit: Anyone new to the Telecommunications industry. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Telecomms training course contents Telephone network architecture Handsets, local loop, distribution points, Local exchanges, main telephone switches, PBXs. Making a call - some basics Telephone call components, how a telephone call works, accessing the local exchange, loop disconnect, DTMF, standards, E.164, PSTN routing, Intelligent Networks, Special Rate Services. Analogue vs Digital Voice characteristics, PSTN bandwidth, analogue signalling, Digital encoding, PCM and the 64k, ADPCM and other voice compression methods. PBXs PABX, Call processing, networking PBXs, PBX facilities, bandwidth, blocking probability and Erlangs, Erlang models, using Erlang tables. Transmission methods Two wire transmission, 64k circuits, Nx64, E1, 2 wire to 4 wire conversion, echo, echo suppression, echo cancellers, twisted pair, coax, fibre optic, power lines, satellite systems, microwave. Signalling Analogue signalling, loop start, earth calling, E&M, AC15. Digital signalling -CAS, robbed bits and E1 slot 16 signalling. Digital signalling CCS, Q.931, SS7, Q.SIG, DPNSS, DASS2. Transport planes PDH, PDH issues, SDH, SDH architecture, SDH standards, SDH bit rates, SDH mulitplexors, DWDM. Networks Circuit Switched Networks, TDM, Packet Switched Networks, Frame Relay, Message Switching, Circuit Switching, STDM, Cell Switching, ATM, ATM cells, ATM traffic parameters, ATM QoS, MPLS. Other network access Modems, modulation, speeds, ISDN, BRI, PRI, xDSL, SDSL, ADSL. Other Services Centrex, VPNs, FeatureNet, CTI, Call Processing Systems, Voice Mail, Automated Attendant Systems, Interactive Voice Response, Call Management Systems, Call Conferencing, Star Services. Mobile communications 3 types of wireless telephone, mobile generations, base stations, cells, GSM, GPRS, 3G, UMTS, WCDMA, 4G, LTE. VoIP overview What is VoIP, VoIP benefits, What is IP? The IP header, Packetising voice, VoIP addressing, H.323, SIP, RTP. Bandwidth requirements.