287 Network Engineer courses in Cardiff

Network virtualization training course description This course covers network virtualization. It has been designed to enable network engineers to recognise and handle the requirements of networking Virtual Machines. Both internal and external network virtualization is covered along with the technologies used to map overlay networks on to the physical infrastructure. Hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer implementations. What will you learn Evaluate network virtualization implementations and technologies. Connect Virtual Machines with virtual switches. Explain how overlay networks operate. Describe the technologies in overlay networks. Network virtualization training course details Who will benefit: Engineers networking virtual machines. Prerequisites: Introduction to virtualization. Duration 2 days Network virtualization training course contents Virtualization review Hypervisors, VMs, containers, migration issues, Data Centre network design. TOR and spine switches. VM IP addressing and MAC addresses. Hands on VM network configuration Network virtualization What is network virtualization, internal virtual networks, external virtual networks. Wireless network virtualization: spectrum, infrastructure, air interface. Implementations: Open vSwitch, NSX, Cisco, others. Hands on VM communication over the network. Single host network virtualization NICs, vNICs, resource allocation, vSwitches, tables, packet walks. vRouters. Hands on vSwitch configuration, MAC and ARP tables. Container networks Single host, network modes: Bridge, host, container, none. Hands on Docker networking. Multi host network virtualization Access control, path isolation, controllers, overlay networks. L2 extensions. NSX manager. OpenStack neutron. Packet walks. Distributed logical firewalls. Load balancing. Hands on Creating, configuring and using a distributed vSwitch. Mapping virtual to physical networks VXLAN, VTEP, VXLAN encapsulation, controllers, multicasts and VXLAN. VRF lite, GRE, MPLS VPN, 802.1x. Hands on VXLAN configuration. Orchestration vCenter, vagrant, OpenStack, Kubernetes, scheduling, service discovery, load balancing, plugins, CNI, Kubernetes architecture. Hands on Kubernetes networking. Summary Performance, NFV, automation. Monitoring in virtual networks.

REST and RESTCONF training course description An introduction to REST and RESTCONF using Python. The course progresses from how to use them onto how they work and then looks at using them from within Python all the time on network devices. What will you learn Explain what REST and RESTCONF are. Use the REST API on network device. Use RESTCONF. REST and RESTCONF training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: Python for network engineers. Duration 1 day REST and RESTCONF training course contents Using REST Curl, Browser plugins, Postman, RESTClient, Python. Hands on Using the REST API on network devices. What is REST? What is REST? Architecture, APIs, RESTful APIs, APIs over HTTP/HTTPS, URIs, resources, HTTP methods, GET, POST, PUT, DELETE. CRUD. Comparison with other APIs. Hands on REST analysis with Wireshark. Rest conventions Passing parameters, return values, HTTP status, JSON. XML. Hands on Configuring REST on network devices, changing format of responses, POST requests, using parameters. Configuring network devices with REST Invoking multiple RPCs. Hands on Device configuration with REST. The request library RESTFUL APIs in Python, the request library, Installation, example to retrieve the interface configuration. Hands on Using the Python requests library on network devices. RESTCONF What is RESTCONF? YANG and NETCONF, relationship with REST, RESTCONF URIs, A RESTCONF example with ietf-interfaces, RESTCONF responses. PATCH. Hands on Using RESTCONF to update a network device configuration.

Streaming telemetry training course description An introduction to streaming telemetry. The course progresses from a brief look at the weaknesses of SNMP onto what streaming telemetry is, how it differs from the xflow technologies, the data formats available and how to configure it. What will you learn Describe streaming telemetry. Explain how streaming telemetry works. Describe the data presentation formats available. Configure streaming telemetry. Streaming telemetry training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers. Duration 1 day Streaming telemetry training course content What is streaming telemetry? SNMP weaknesses, Netflow, sflow, polling and the old models, push vs pull, What is streaming telemetry? Telemetry streaming architecture Model driven versus event driven telemetry, subscriptions, publications. Periodic versus on change, model selection and scalability. Telemetry streaming protocols TCP, UDP, SSH, HTTP, HTTP2, NETCONF, RESTCONF, gRPC, gNMI. Models and Encoding The role of YANG. YANG models and tools. XML/ NETCONF, JSON/RESTCONF, JSON over UDP. Protocol buffers/gRPC. Google Protocol Buffers Decoder ring, protocol definition file. GPB-KV, GPB-Compact. Keys. Streaming telemetry configuration Router: Destination, Sensor, subscription. Collector: YANG models, .proto file. Pipeline. ELK: Consume, store, visualise streaming data. Collection tools APIs, YANG development Kit, Downstream consumers, influxdata, Grafana, Kafka, Prometheus, others.

NETCONF and YANG training course description An introduction to NETCONF and YANG. The course progresses from what they are, why they are needed, and how to configure them onto a more detailed analysis of how NETCONF works and how to read YANG models. What will you learn Recognise the limits and problems of SNMP and the CLI. Describe the relationship between NETCONF and YANG. Configure NETCONF on network devices. Use NETCONF to configure devices. Read YANG models. NETCONF and YANG training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: Network management technologies Duration 1 day NETCONF and YANG training course content What are NETCONF and YANG? Network management and configuration issues. What is NETCONF? What is YANG? Protocols, data models, architecture. Hands on Configuring NETCONF on network devices, using NETCONF. NETCONF NETCONF layers, Secure transport: SSH, Messages: rpc, Operations, Content. Base operations: <get>, <get-config>, <edit-config>, <copy-config>, <delete-config>, <lock>,<unlock>, <close-session>, <kill-session> NETCONF datastores: :candidate, :startup, running. Hands on Retrieving a configuration with NETCONF, Editing a configuration with NETCONF. NETCONF more details NETCONF traffic flows, NETCONF capabilities, hello, capabilities exchange., Filtering data, atomic transactions, validating configurations. Hands on Using NETCONF. YANG YANG models, IETF standard YANG models, tree diagrams, an example: YANG interface management, Module header, Imports and includes, Containers, Lists, leaves, Data types, typedef, Instance data, XML. Hands on Reading YANG data models, creating a configuration instance.

Definitive SRv6 course description This one day SRv6 training course is a condensed, intensive program designed to provide network professionals with a fast-track introduction to SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6). SRv6 is a revolutionary networking technology that combines the power of IPv6 with the flexibility of Segment Routing, enabling efficient and scalable network operations. In just one day, participants will gain essential knowledge and practical skills to understand, configure, and work with SRv6 in modern network environments. Hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer equipment. What will you learn Explain packet paths when implementing SLB. Explain how SRv6 works. Explain the difference between SR and SRv6. Implement SRv6. Troubleshoot SRv6. Definitive SRv6 course details Who will benefit: Network engineers, architects, and administrators who want to quickly grasp the fundamentals of SRv6 and its practical applications in their network. Prerequisites: Definitive Segment Routing for engineers Duration 1 day Definitive SRv6 course contents Introduction to SRv6 What is SRv6? Source based routing, difference between SR-MPLS and SRv6. IPv6 headers review, routing headers. SRv6 simplified solution. Hands on Enabling IPv6 in the legacy network. SRv6 transport Segment Routing Extension Header. SRv6 segment identifiers. End SID, End.X SID. ISIS distribution of SIDs. Header processing in a SRv6 topology. Locators. Hands on Configuring SRv6 transport. Analysing SRv6 operation. SRv6 services End.DT4 SID, End.DT6 SID. SRH encapsulation modes: Insert and Encap modes. SRv6 TE policy. Hands on Migrating to SRv6, TI-LFA protection. Micro loop avoidance. SRv6 integration with 'older' technologies MPLS. The role of iBGP and eBGP v6 sessions. Hands on Integration with legacy network. Troubleshooting SRv6 SRv6 ping and traceroute. Hands on: Used throughout the course during exercises.

Advanced RF training course description This course provides a follow on to our popular RF fundamentals course for those that need to know more. What will you learn Explain RF propagation Describe the importance of transmission lines in RF systems. Recognise the issues in RF systems. Describe transmission measurements. Advanced RF training course details Who will benefit: Those working with RF systems. Prerequisites: RF fundamentals. Duration 3 days Advanced RF training course contents RF propagation The Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electromagnetic Radiation, Spherical Wave Front, The Space Wave, Receive Antenna below the Horizon, Bending the Space Wave , Surface Wave Path, Tilting of Surface Wave, Conductivity, Layers of the Atmosphere, Variations of the Ionosphere, Variations caused by Solar Activity, Multi Hop Transmission, Classification of Radio Waves, Fading, Fading Reduction, Free Space Path Loss, Shadowing of Radio Wave, Signal Levels after Shadowing, Radio Waves as Wavelets, Fresnel Zone. Transmission Lines Transmission Line Construction, Primary Line Constants, 'T' Networks, Input Impedence, Lossless Unbalanced Line, Standing Waves, Open Circuit / Short Circuit Termination, Short Circuit Standing Waves, Open Circuit Standing Waves, Voltage Standing Wave Pattern, Short Circuit Termination, Open Circuit Termination, The Directional Coupler, Effect of E and M Coupling, Practical Reflectometer. Antenna Theory The Open Circuit Line, Dipole V/I Distribution, Polar Diagram, Power Pattern ½ Wave Dipole, Half Wave Dipole, Vehicle Mount, Centre Fed Whip Antenna, Antenna Beamwidth, The Yagi Array, Uda Yagi array, Antenna Characteristics, 6 Element Yagi Polar Diagram, Log Periodic Antenna, Helical Antenna. Microwave Dish Array, Typical Microwave Dish Antenna. Transmission Measurements Transmission Measurements, Effective Isotropic Radiated Power, Fade Margin. Noise Noise in Communications, Noise Voltage Equivalent Circuit. Satellite Communications Satellite Communications, Large Earth Station, The Satellite Payload, Geo Stationary Orbit, Basic Orbits, VSAT Terminal, Iridium Phone, The Space Segment, Satellite Footprint, Typical System Hardware. Mobile Communications Mobile Evolution, The Path to UMTS, Technologies Bit Rate and Mobility, Systems and Specifications, Wireless Networks, Diffraction, Multi Path Propagation, Loss Models, GSM Architecture, OSI Model - GSM, OSI Reference Model, OSI Layers.

Satellite communications training course description This course starts by recaping some of the essential satellite knowledge required and proceeds to explore the deeper aspects of satellite communications, including hardware, communications and error control coding. What will you learn Explain how satellite communications work. Explain how RF works Explain the architecture of satellite systems. Use spectrum analysers. Satellite communications training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with satellite systems. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Satellite communications training course contents Basic Principles of Satellite Communications GEO, MEO and LEO satellites. Launching and orbits. Frequency bands and polarisation. Satellite footprints. Multibeam coverage. Power spectra. Link budgets. Modulation and coding. Access technologies. Earth station components. Space segment components. Satellite system services. Satellite operators. Radio frequency propagation Electromagnetic waves principles and generation. Reception of the EM wave. Space wave, sky wave and surface wave theory. The isotropic radiator. Types of antennae and their basic properties. Polar diagrams. International frequency allocation. Spectrum management and utilisation. Radio wave propagation. Line of sight propagation. Propagation for satellite comms. Free space path loss. Path attenuation. Noise and Interference. Power and its measurement. Satellite antennae and other hardware Power flux density. Effective aperture. Horn antennae. Parabolic reflector. Offset feed. Cassegrain and Gregorian antennae. Antenna feed systems - Horn, TMC, OMJ and polarizer. Antenna steering and mount systems. Array antennae. LNA, LNB, LNC. Microwave tubes - TWT and Klystron. Polarizers. Earth and Space Segments and the link Earth station antennae. Transponders. Antennae sub systems. Power supplies. Link budgets. System noise. System losses. Interference. Satellite switching. Ground Communications Equipment Baseband signals. Analogue and Digital systems. Overview of modulation - AM, FM, PM. Digital Modulation. Frequency conversion -up and down conversion. Filters, mixers, local oscillators, IF amplifiers and group delay equalisers. Access methods - single and multiple access systems. Data networks. Television transmission - analogue and digital. Digital signal compression. MPEG processing. Satellite Navigation Longitude, latitude, altitude, GPS, How GPS works, timing, alternatives to GPS. Mobile satellite services Voice and Phones, BGAN, TV, GPS to program aerial, VSAT. Error Control Coding The need for coding. Linear block codes. Cyclic codes. Convolution codes. Interleaving and concatenated codes. Coding gain. Turbo codes. Test and measurement Theory and practice of Spectrum Analysers.

Microsoft Lync training course description This course teaches IT staff how to plan, design, deploy, configure, and administer a Microsoft Lync Server solution. The course emphasizes Lync Server Enterprise Unified Communications features focussing particularly on coexisting with and migrating from legacy communication services. The labs in this course create a solution that includes IM and Presence, Conferencing, and Persistent Chat. This course helps prepare for Exam 70-336. What will you learn Describe the Lync Server architecture. Install and deploy Lync Server. Use Lync Server management interfaces. Deploy and manage clients. Manage and administer dial-in conferencing. Design audio and video for web conferencing. Plan for instant message and presence Federation. Deploy and configure persistent chat in Lync. Configure archiving and monitoring services. Troubleshoot Lync Server. Describe the required daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance tasks. Use SIP commands and analyze SIP logs. Configure high availability features in Lync. Design load balancing in Lync Server. Backup and restore Lync Server data. Microsoft Lync training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with Microsoft Lync. Prerequisites: Supporting Windows 2008 or 2012. Duration 5 days Microsoft Lync training course contents Microsoft Lync Server architecture Lync Server architecture, Lync core capabilities, Lync design process, assessing infrastructure requirements and updating the design, planning for all Microsoft solutions framework phases. Designing a Lync Server topology Infrastructure requirements for Lync Server, using the planning tool, using topology builder, server infrastructure, documentation. Hands on Environment preparation and Lync Server pools. Users and rights in Microsoft Lync Server Managing Lync Server, role based access control. Hands on Using the management shell, configuring role-based access control. Client/device deployment and management Deploy and manage clients, prepare for device deployment, IP phones. Hands on Clients. Conferencing in Lync Server Introduction to conferencing in Lync Server, designing for audio\video and web conferencing, dial-in conferencing in Lync Server, managing and administering conferencing. Hands on Conferencing in Microsoft Lync. Designing and deploying external access Conferencing and external capabilities of Lync Server, planning for IM and presence federation, designing edge services. Hands on Deploying Edge Server and Configuring Remote Access, Validating the Edge Server. Deploying Lync Server persistent chat Overview of persistent chat architecture in Lync Server, designing persistent chat, deploying and persistent chat. Hands on persistent chat server. Monitoring and archiving The archiving service, the monitoring service, configuring archiving and monitoring. Hands on Archiving and monitoring in Lync Server. Administration and maintenance of Lync Lync Server troubleshooting tools, Lync Server operational tasks, Lync Server troubleshooting techniques. Hands on Lync administration tools, centralized logging service, analysing Lync Server logs and traces. High Availability in Lync Server High availability in Lync Server, configuring high availability in Lync Server, planning for load balancing, designing load balancing. Hands on Configuring database mirroring, experiencing a scheduled SQL Server outage, experiencing an unscheduled SQL Server outage. Disaster recovery in Lync Server Disaster recovery in Lync Server, tools for backing up and restoring Lync Server, critical Lync Server data to back up and restore, critical data to export and import, designing branch site resiliency. Hands on Configure pool pairing, experiencing a pool failure or outage. Planning a migration to Lync Server Coexistence and migration, migration steps, planning for clients and devices. Designing a client migration and device migration strategy. Hands on Creating a migration plan, documenting the migration phases.

Securing UNIX systems training course description This course teaches you everything you need to know to build a safe Linux environment. The first section handles cryptography and authentication with certificates, openssl, mod_ssl, DNSSEC and filesystem encryption. Then Host security and hardening is covered with intrusion detection, and also user management and authentication. Filesystem Access control is then covered. Finally network security is covered with network hardening, packet filtering and VPNs. What will you learn Secure UNIX accounts. Secure UNIX file systems. Secure UNIX access through the network. Securing UNIX systems course details Who will benefit: Linux technical staff needing to secure their systems. Prerequisites: Linux system administration (LPIC-1) Duration 5 days Securing UNIX systems course contents Cryptography Certificates and Public Key Infrastructures X.509 certificates, lifecycle, fields and certificate extensions. Trust chains and PKI. openssl. Public and private keys. Certification authority. Manage server and client certificates. Revoke certificates and CAs. Encryption, signing and authentication SSL, TLS, protocol versions. Transport layer security threats, e.g. MITM. Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl for HTTPS service, including SNI and HSTS. HTTPD with mod_ssl to authenticate users using certificates. HTTPD with mod_ssl to provide OCSP stapling. Use OpenSSL for SSL/TLS client and server tests. Encrypted File Systems Block device and file system encryption. dm-crypt with LUKS to encrypt block devices. eCryptfs to encrypt file systems, including home directories and, PAM integration, plain dm-crypt and EncFS. DNS and cryptography DNSSEC and DANE. BIND as an authoritative name server serving DNSSEC secured zones. BIND as an recursive name server that performs DNSSEC validation, KSK, ZSK, Key Tag, Key generation, key storage, key management and key rollover, Maintenance and resigning of zones, Use DANE. TSIG. Host Security Host Hardening BIOS and boot loader (GRUB 2) security. Disable useless software and services, sysctl for security related kernel configuration, particularly ASLR, Exec-Shield and IP / ICMP configuration, Exec-Shield and IP / ICMP configuration, Limit resource usage. Work with chroot environments, Security advantages of virtualization. Host Intrusion Detection The Linux Audit system, chkrootkit, rkhunter, including updates, Linux Malware Detect, Automate host scans using cron, AIDE, including rule management, OpenSCAP. User Management and Authentication NSS and PAM, Enforce password policies. Lock accounts automatically after failed login attempts, SSSD, Configure NSS and PAM for use with SSSD, SSSD authentication against Active Directory, IPA, LDAP, Kerberos and local domains, Kerberos and local domains, Kerberos tickets. FreeIPA Installation and Samba Integration FreeIPA, architecture and components. Install and manage a FreeIPA server and domain, Active Directory replication and Kerberos cross-realm trusts, sudo, autofs, SSH and SELinux integration in FreeIPA. Access Control Discretionary Access Control File ownership and permissions, SUID, SGID. Access control lists, extended attributes and attribute classes. Mandatory Access Control TE, RBAC, MAC, DAC. SELinux, AppArmor and Smack. etwork File Systems NFSv4 security issues and improvements, NFSv4 server and clients, NFSv4 authentication mechanisms (LIPKEY, SPKM, Kerberos), NFSv4 pseudo file system, NFSv4 ACLs. CIFS clients, CIFS Unix Extensions, CIFS security modes (NTLM, Kerberos), mapping and handling of CIFS ACLs and SIDs in a Linux system. Network Security Network Hardening FreeRADIUS, nmap, scan methods. Wireshark, filters and statistics. Rogue router advertisements and DHCP messages. Network Intrusion Detection ntop, Cacti, bandwidth usage monitoring, Snort, rule management, OpenVAS, NASL. Packet Filtering Firewall architectures, DMZ, netfilter, iptables and ip6tables, standard modules, tests and targets. IPv4 and IPv6 packet filtering. Connection tracking, NAT. IP sets and netfilter rules, nftables and nft. ebtables. conntrackd Virtual Private Networks OpenVPN server and clients for both bridged and routed VPN networks. IPsec server and clients for routed VPN networks using IPsec-Tools / racoon. L2TP.

MEF Carrier Ethernet training course description The course progresses from a overview of the Carrier Ethernet service and how it works onto looking at the concepts in depth. Service attributes and management follow with the course finishing with studies of practical Carrier Ethernet. What will you learn Discuss and understand key Carrier Ethernet Concepts. Understand tasks related to designing, deploying and maintaining a Carrier Ethernet network. Offer effective solutions to implementing a Carrier Ethernet enterprise network given available customer resources and requirements. Carry out informed discussions using industry Carrier Ethernet 'vocabulary. Pass the MEF CECP 2.0 professional accreditation exam. MEF Carrier Ethernet training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with Carrier Ethernet Prerequisites: The course attendees need to be conversant with data networks, as well as Ethernet and IP technologies. Duration 5 days MEF Carrier Ethernet training course contents Section One: Introduction to Carrier Ethernet Introduction to Carrier Ethernet: What is Carrier Ethernet? Evolution, advantages, The MEF, MEF specifications; UNI, EVC, OVC, EPL/EVPL, EP-LAN/ EVP-LAN, EP-Tree/EVP-Tree, etc, overview. How Carrier Ethernet Works: Service Frame Handling. Carrier Ethernet at Customer Premises, metro and core. Carrier Ethernet Workings, UNI attributes, Service Attributes (EVC and EVC per UNI attributes), Bandwidth Profiles, service multiplexing, L2 protocol processing; Carrier Ethernet equipment, CPE, aggregation and homing nodes, core equipment; management systems. The Setting Up of a Carrier Ethernet Service: Step 1: Choose service type, EPL/EVPL, EP-LAN/EVP-LAN, EPTree/EVP-Tree, EVLine...; Step 2: CPE tasks, UNI-C tasks (UNI attributes, service attributes (EVC and EVC per UNI) and bandwidth profiles), UNI-N tasks (L2 protocol handling). Step 3: Non-CPE tasks, Access, metro and core connections set up. Section Two: Carrier Ethernet Concepts in depth Carrier Ethernet Definitions in Depth: UNI, UNI I & II, UNI-N and UNI-C, etc.; NNI/ENNI; EVC; OVC, OVC type (P2P, M2M, Rooted MP), OVC end point (root, leaf, trunk), OVC end point map, OVC end point bundling; Service types in detail, EPL/EVPL, EP-LAN/EVP-LAN, EP-Tree/EVP-Tree, EVLine, Access EPL, Access EVPL . Carrier Ethernet Service Frame Handling: Unicast, multicast and broadcast frame delivery, Tagged, untagged and priority; Tagging, C and S-Tags, 802.3, 802.1d, 802.1q, 802.1ad, 802.1ah evolution, VLAN ID translation/preservation. CoS preservation. Other Key Carrier Ethernet Concepts: MTU, MTU at UNI, MTU at ENNI; Physical Layer Attributes, FE, GbE and 10GbE, Service Multiplexing and Bundling Concept and detail, rules and implications; Hairpin Switching Managing Bandwidth in a Carrier Ethernet Network: Token Bucket Algorithm, EIR, CIR, CBS, EBS, Coupling Flag; Frame Colors, recoloring, Color Awareness attribute, Color Forwarding; Bandwidth Profiles, rules and concepts. MEF CoS identifiers, DEI bit (in S-Tag), PCP bit (in C-Tag or S-Tag), or DSCP (in IP header), Multiflow bandwidth concepts; CoS Label/Color Identification. Section Three: Carrier Ethernet Service Attributes Overview: Carrier Ethernet 2.0; Blueprint C Service Attributes: Per UNI, Physical interfaces, Frame format, Ingress/egress Bandwidth Profiles, CEVLAN ID/EVC Map, UNI protection. EVC per UNI, Ingress/egress Bandwidth Profiles, etc.; Per EVC, CEVLAN ID Preservation, CoS ID Preservation, Relationship between SLA and SLP, Class of Service, etc. OVC, ENNI, OVC End Point per UNI and OVC End Point per ENNI, Ingress/egress bandwidth profiles, etc. Section Four: Managing Carrier Ethernet Networks Overview: MEF Service Lifecycle.Carrier Ethernet maintenance: Port, Link & NE failure, Service Protection Technologies, Fault Identification and Recovery, LAG, Active/Standby EVC, Single EVC with transport protection, G.8031, G.8032, MPLS FRR. SOAMs: Connectivity fault management, connectivity Monitoring, Loopback, Linktrace; Performance Management, Frame Delay, Inter Frame Delay Variation, Availability, Frame Loss Ratio, Resiliency, HLI, DMM, DMR, SLM, SLR; Key Concepts, Single vs dual ended, ordered UNI pair calculations. LOAMs: Link discovery, link monitoring, etc. Terminology and Concepts: MEG levels, MIPs. Section Five: Practical Carrier Ethernet Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies:Layer 1: SDH. Layer 2: Bridging, provider bridging, PBB, PBBTE. Layer 2.5: MPLS VPWS, MPLS VPLS, MPLS-TP. Carrier Ethernet Access Technologies: fiber, SDH, active fiber, PON, GPON, 10G PON, OTN, WDM; copper, PDH, G-SDSL, 10Pass-TS, HFC; packet radio. Optimising mobile backhaul with Carrier Ethernet Key challenges solutions: Market pressure, LTE evolution, elements and architecture (RAN BS, NC, GWIF.), synchronization, bandwidth management. Circuit Emulation over Ethernet: Purpose, needs and applications. Synchronization: Phased, ToD, External Reference source, SynchE ,NTP, IEEE-1588 v2/ PTP, ACR; MEF Service Definitions for emulated circuits. Applying what you know: Practical examples and scenarios, Carrier Ethernet solutions; Practice Scenarios, Given a scenario, determine appropriate Ethernet services