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Mastering Harvard Referencing: A Comprehensive Guide for UK Students
By Sophia Baker
Introduction When it comes to academic writing, referencing is crucial. It’s not just about giving credit where it’s due, but also about enhancing the credibility of your work. Among the various referencing styles, Harvard referencing for word essays is one of the most widely used, especially in the UK. But why is it so popular, and how can you master it? Let’s dive in! Understanding Harvard Referencing Harvard referencing is a system of citation that allows you to acknowledge the sources you’ve used in your academic writing. It’s an author-date system, which means you include the author’s surname and the year of publication within the text, and provide full details in a reference list at the end. Despite its name, Harvard references didn’t originate from Harvard University. The style was first used by a zoologist named Edward Laurens Mark in a paper published in 1881. Over time, it has evolved and become one of the most recognized citation styles worldwide. Harvard referencing consists of two main components: in-text citations and a reference list. In-text citations are brief and are placed within the body of your text, while the reference list provides full details of all the sources you’ve cited. The Basics of Harvard Referencing In-text citations in Harvard referencing include the author’s surname and the year of publication. If you’re quoting directly, you should also include the page number. For example: (Smith, 2020, p. 23). The reference list is where you provide full details of each source cited in your work. Each entry should include the author’s name, year of publication, title of the work, and other relevant information, depending on the type of source. A reference list includes only the sources you’ve directly cited in your text, while a bibliography may include all sources you’ve consulted, whether or not you’ve cited them. How to Cite Different Types of Sources When citing a book, you should include the author’s name, year of publication, title (in italics), edition (if applicable), place of publication, and publisher. For example: Smith, J. (2020). The Art of Referencing (2nd ed.). London: Academic Press. Journal articles should include the author’s name, year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal (in italics), volume number, issue number, and page numbers. For example: Brown, A. (2019). ‘Understanding Harvard Referencing’, Journal of Academic Writing, 12(3), pp. 45-67. For websites, include the author (or organization), year of publication (or last update), title of the webpage (in italics), and the URL. For example: University of Oxford. (2021). Harvard Referencing Guide. Available at: https://www.ox.ac.uk/harvard (Accessed: 10 September 2024). When citing a newspaper article, include the author’s name, year of publication, title of the article, title of the newspaper (in italics), date, and page number. For example: Doe, J. (2022). ‘The Future of Academic Writing’, The Times, 5 May, p. 12. For government documents, include the name of the government department, year of publication, title of the document (in italics), place of publication, and publisher. For example: UK Department for Education. (2020). Education Policy Report. London: HMSO. Cite conference papers by including the author’s name, year of publication, title of the paper, title of the conference (in italics), location, and date of the conference. For example: Jones, M. (2023). ‘Innovations in Academic Writing’, International Writing Conference, Manchester, 10-12 April. Harvard Referencing for Electronic Sources When citing e-books, the format is similar to print books, but you should include the format (e.g., Kindle) or the platform where it’s available. For example: Adams, R. (2018). Digital Referencing (Kindle ed.). Available at: Amazon.co.uk. For online journals, follow the same format as print journals, but include the DOI or the URL where the article can be accessed. For example: Taylor, S. (2021). ‘Harvard Referencing in the Digital Age’, Journal of Modern Research, 15(4), pp. 33-50. DOI: 10.1234/jmr.2021.0987. The format for websites remains the same as mentioned earlier, with the inclusion of the URL and the access date. For social media, include the author (or username), year, content of the post (in italics), platform, and the date of the post. For example: @AcademicWriterUK. (2023). The key to successful referencing is consistency. Twitter, 15 March. Advanced Harvard Referencing Techniques When you can’t access the original source and need to cite a secondary source, mention both the original and secondary source. For example: (Smith, 1989, cited in Brown, 2019). For works with multiple authors, list up to three authors in the in-text citation. For more than three, use “et al.” after the first author’s name. For example: (Jones, Smith, and Brown, 2020) or (Jones et al., 2020). If you’re citing different editions of a book, mention the edition in your reference. For example: Brown, A. (2018). Theories of Learning (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. If some information is missing, like the author or date, use “Anon.” for anonymous authors and “n.d.” for no date. Common Harvard Referencing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them Incorrect formatting can easily occur if you’re not careful. Make sure to follow the correct structure for each type of source, as this can significantly impact your grade. Leaving out essential details like the author’s name or the year of publication is a common mistake. Always double-check your references before submitting your work. Punctuation is crucial in Harvard referencing. Misplacing a comma or period can change the meaning of your citation. Pay attention to the details! Tools and Resources for Harvard Referencing Online citation generators can save you time, but be cautious—always double-check the generated citations for accuracy. Tools like EndNote or Zotero can help you manage your references and ensure consistency throughout your work. Many universities provide specific guidelines for Harvard referencing. Always refer to your institution’s guidelines to ensure you’re following the correct format. The Importance of Consistency in Harvard Referencing Consistency is key in Harvard referencing. Uniformity in your citations not only makes your work look professional but also enhances readability. Inconsistent referencing can confuse readers and may lead to a lower grade. Make sure your citations follow a consistent style throughout your work. Tips for Mastering Harvard Referencing Always double-check your references before submission. Small errors can add up and impact your overall grade. Keep a record of all the sources you consult. This will make it easier to create your reference list and avoid missing any citations. Using a Harvard style guide can help ensure that you’re following the correct format. It’s a handy tool for quick reference. Conclusion Mastering Harvard referencing may seem daunting at first, but with practice and attention to detail, it becomes second nature. Remember, proper referencing not only supports your arguments but also adds credibility to your work. So, take your time, be consistent, and use the resources available to you.
This CIMPSA accredited Inclusive Activity Programme will equip you with the skills to engage disabled people and people with long term health conditions more effectively in physical activity. Course description This CIMPSA accredited Inclusive Activity Programme will equip you with the skills to engage disabled people and people with long term health conditions more effectively in physical activity. Who is the course for? We want sport and activity to be a meaningful experience, no matter where or how disabled people choose to take part. This eLearning module will equip you with the knowledge to. Understand the benefits of being active and recognise potential participation barriers for disabled people. Develop an understanding of different inclusive approaches, including Activity Alliance’s Ten Principles, the Activity Inclusion Model and STEP Tool. Learn about the importance of inclusive communication. Receive an interactive online workbook to support your learning. The eLearning module takes approximately one hour to complete and includes a range of accessibility features. What is the value of this course? CIMSPA is the professional development body for the UK’s sport and physical activity sector. Their work is aimed at ensuring professional status for the workforce. Having our training endorsed by CIMSPA provides a stamp of approval, showing it has been designed around the knowledge, skills and competencies needed by sport and physical activity professionals.
Machine Learning for Business Professionals This Machine Learning for Business Professionals course provides an in-depth exploration of how machine learning and data science can revolutionise business decision-making. Starting with the basics of R programming, you’ll learn how to manage and visualise data effectively, progressing to more complex machine learning techniques. By the end of this course, you’ll be equipped to apply predictive models and generate insights that can significantly impact business strategies. Course Curriculum Data Science and Machine Learning Course Intro Getting Started with R Data Types and Structures in R Intermediate R Data Manipulation in R Data Visualization in R Creating Reports with R Markdown Building Webapps with R Shiny Introduction to Machine Learning Starting A Career in Data Science Resources (Learn more about this online course)
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The UK's first and only Level 4 qualification in Phlebotomy (equivalent to Ireland Level 6) FDSc (Foundation Degree Level) qualification Nationally Recognised certificate Dually accredited: Open College Network and CPD Covers both aspirated and evacuated systems Covers specialised blood collection systems & methods Classroom or Virtual Classroom learning options Comprehensive Training Kit is provided when booking our Virtual Classroom option (yours to keep) Complete your training from beginner to advanced level This course either follows on from our Introduction to Phlebotomy Course or can be combined with our introductory course as part of a course package (see below) Available to candidates who have completed (or are currently enrolled to complete) our Introduction to Phlebotomy Course or have previous phlebotomy practical experience.
Historical Association webinar series: Direct history teaching Presenters: Mike Hill and Jacob Olivey In this third session, Jacob and Mike will argue that a history teacher should always be a sage on the stage – and not a guide on the side. They will share strategies that allow history teachers to drive learning for an entire class, ensuring that all pupils pay attention, take part in the lesson, and feel successful. To use your corporate recording offer on this webinar please fill in this form: https://forms.office.com/e/Qr1PfgRHSS We are able to offer the webinars in this series at a subsidised cost as the presenters' time has been partially funded by their school, Ark Soane Academy. We are open to developing partnerships across schools and trusts. If you are interested in discussing this further, please contact Mel Jones at melanie.jones@history.org.uk
HA Webinar: Responding to historical questions and engaging in extended writing
(1)By Historical Association
Historical Association webinar series: Building different types of historical knowledge Presenters: Claire Holliss This second session will consider how teachers have helped their students to develop coherent explanations of historical processes and to form judgments in response to historical questions. The session will then engage with the rich tradition of practitioner research on students’ writing at A-level, particularly focusing on how teachers have helped students engage with historical writing in order to gain a more sophisticated understanding of the discipline and to strengthen their written work. To use your corporate webinar offer on this webinar please fill in this form: https://forms.office.com/e/9JZCQ0RUkJ
Our Virtual (via Zoom) course provide the same high-quality tuition as our classroom-based sessions. Quarterly meetings will take place at the Academy Dental Nursing Diploma with National Examining Board for Dental Nurses (NEBDN) is an internationally recognised qualification that will allow you to work as a Dental Nurse in hospitals, NHS and private dental practices. Successful completion of Dental Nursing Diploma course will enable you to register as a Dental Care Professional with the General Dental Council (GDC) and practice as a qualified Dental Nurse. Discover the exciting world of dental nursing and be a part of a growing field that offers endless opportunities for growth and development. How will you learn? In addition to our traditional class-based tuition, we also offer Virtual (via Zoom) Learning courses to cater to different learning preferences. Our Virtual Learning courses provide the same high-quality tuition as our classroom-based sessions. To participate, you will need a laptop, PC, smart phone or tablet with a built-in or external camera and microphone. From the comfort of your own home, you will have the opportunity to communicate with your tutor and classmates through video chat, using your phone or computer camera. This allows for seamless interaction, discussions, and collaborative learning. Quarterly meetings at the Academy To ensure a well-rounded learning experience, you will be required to attend face-to-face lessons at the Academy on a quarterly basis, which means every three months. These sessions serve several important purposes: Practical Units: Some aspects of the course require hands-on practical training. The face-to-face lessons will cover these practical units, allowing you to gain valuable experience and apply the knowledge you have acquired during the virtual learning sessions. Tests and Mock Exams: These assessments are important for evaluating your progress, identifying areas for improvement, and preparing you for the final exams. The Academy will provide a controlled and supervised environment to ensure the integrity and fairness of these assessments. Attending quarterly face-to-face lessons provides a balanced approach to your learning journey. It combines the convenience and flexibility of virtual learning with the benefits of in-person interactions, practical training, and assessments. By participating in these sessions, you will have the opportunity to reinforce your knowledge, receive personalized feedback, and build a stronger connection with your tutor and classmates. The Academy is dedicated to supporting your growth and success in dental nursing field, and the face-to-face lessons are an integral part of that commitment. Being a Dental Nurse can be an exciting and fulfilling career that allows you to make a positive impact on people’s lives while enjoying a variety of work and opportunities to learn and grow. You’ll get to work with an amazing dental team and get to know patients, helping them to feel at ease and comfortable during their visit. You’ll be the one behind the scene making sure everything runs smoothly, and you’ll be the one that patients will turn to for assistance. You’ll also get to be a part of the latest advancements in dental technology and treatment. And on top of all that, you get to have a flexible schedule and a good earning potential, with the potential to advance in your career. All in all, being a dental nurse is one of the most exciting and fulfilling career that you can have, and you’ll get to leave work every day knowing you’ve made a real difference in the lives of others. The course is delivered by Team of Dental Professionals who are examiners, dentists and experienced Dental tutors with years of experience in teaching Dentistry. Dental Nurses are involved in a wide range of procedures, from routine check-ups to complex surgeries, which can make the job interesting and varied. Patient-centered care: Dental Nurses have a direct impact on the patient’s experience and can make a positive difference in people’s lives by providing them with quality care. Professional development: Dental Nurses have the opportunity to continue their education and expand their skills, leading to advancement and new opportunities in the field. No previous experience required – we will teach you from A to Z. Do you need a job? Yes, you will have 3 months’ time from the start of your course to find a placement. The Academy provides a list of Private and NHS Dental Surgeries, who are regularly contacting us when looking for more Trainee Dental Nurses, so you can contact them directly as a registered student at the Academy. This is a paid job, unless you would like to work voluntary for personal reasons. We also provide a reference letter to the employee in case you need it. The course is ideal for you if: You are looking for a qualification that leads to employment You intend to participate within dentistry and make a positive contribution to the dental health You wish to learn how to maintain high standards of hygiene, cleanliness, health & safety You enjoy interacting with multidisciplinary team and different people The curriculum is based on the GDC (General Dental Council) registration requirements for dental nurses. It sets out the knowledge, skills and behavioural requirements that should be developed and demonstrated. These are set out in terms of professional competencies, with the assessment method clearly outlined (e.g. how the skills and knowledge will be assessed in the final examinations – via written questions such as multiple choice (MCQ) or extended matching questions (EMQ) or via Objective Structured Clinical Examinations – OSCEs). We are proud to announce that our Dental Nursing students has the highest examination pass rate in OSCE examinations! Free services– workshops, mock exams, eRoE marking and internal moderation. Earn while you learn could be another benefit for doing this course. We provide a list of Private Surgeries who have been working with us for the last 14 years and looking to recruit more Trainee Dental Nurses. Working together – At our Dental Department, we prioritise working together with our learners every step of the way. We firmly believe in providing unwavering support, equipping you with the necessary tools, skills, and assistance to ensure your success. We take immense pride in the achievements of our students, with a long list of graduates boasting remarkable success stories. Our commitment to your success serves as the foundation for our own accomplishments What Can You Expect to Earn as a Dental Nurse? Compared to other caring professions, Dental Nursing is well paid and offers plenty of opportunity for continued training and development. This is great for those looking on a the long-term plan for their career and those who wish to work their way up the ladder through continued learning, experience & hard work. Trainee Dental Nurse salary for standard working week will be around £23,000 per annum. Average wage for a qualified Dental Nurses between £40,417 to £42,350 p.a. When are the exams? There are two exams: 1. Multiple choice theory exam. November and March. 2. Practical exam. January and June. Record of Experience (eROE) To be eligible to sit your first exam, you have to complete your electronic Record of Experience (eROE). The eROE has to be submitted to your tutor by 31st Jan for March exam, and 31st August for November exam. London Waterloo Academy supports Mouth Cancer Research Foundation and encouraging learners to raise the awareness and participate in annual 10k walk. Study mode – virtual (via Zoom) live stream lessons combined with a quarterly meetings Saturday/Sunday at the Academy Duration – 1 year (part time) Virtual (via Zoom) classes – once a week Quarterly meetings at the Academy – date are discussed with the group in advance Next Intake/start dates (please choose one for your course to start): 21 September 2024, Saturday classes from 9am to 11am Registration fee – £300 (includes: administration, workshops, mock exams, RoE marking, internal moderation of RoE) Tuition Fees – £1,400 (we offer payment plan, and accept instalments) Exam fee – £510 will be charged at the point of candidate registration with NEBDN One day introduction course – for those who are considering/not sure whether to step up into the Dental Industry £50.00 Call us +44 (0) 7484 014980 or email to info@waterlooacademy.co.uk or Facebook – London Waterloo Academy Office location: The Foundry, 156 Blackfriars Rd, London SE1 8EN (Southwark Station (2-3 min walk) and Waterloo/Blackfriars Station (10 min walk))
The Real Estate Analyst course has been taught non-stop to global real estate firms over the last 25 years, and is without doubt the core financial modelling training in your career portfolio. Whether you have an upcoming financial modelling test for a new job or an APC exam, the Real Estate Analyst course is the choice for you.
Historical Association webinar series: Building different types of historical knowledge Presenters: Claire Holliss This third session will focus on how a range of different teachers have dealt with student misconceptions about interpretations. It will first consider how teachers have helped their students to read the work of historians sensitively and will then discuss how teachers have designed teaching sequences to build students’ understanding of this aspect of the discipline. To use your corporate webinar offer on this webinar please fill in this form: https://forms.office.com/e/9JZCQ0RUkJ
EFQM Foundation Training - Online - 2025
By Centre for Competitiveness
The essential course for anyone who wants to find out about the EFQM Model and RADAR and how these tools can benefit their organisation. Whilst this training is effective as a stand-alone course, it is also the starting point for all EFQM qualification routes. Who is it for? This course is suitable for anyone who wants to understand the new EFQM Model and how it can be used to make their organisation more effective. It provides a good overview for consultants who want to add the Model/RADAR to their portfolio of products and services. It is also a pre-requisite for anyone considering one of the EFQM qualification routes as a way of progressing their management development and career. Pre-requisites for this course None Benefits By the end of the course, participants will be able to: explain how the EFQM Model could benefit their organisation and how it could be used to overcome current and future challenges explain how the Model is structured and how the different elements apply to their organisation apply RADAR, the diagnostic and assessment tool, to identify strengths and areas for improvement conduct a high-level health check of their organisation Following the welcome and introduction, this course comprises of 9 modules: Module 1 Why we need a model to face & master complexity? Why the EFQM Model? Module 2 Introduction to the EFQM Model Module 3 The Model (part 1): Direction Module 4 The EFQM Model Module 5 The Model (part 3): Results Module 6 RADAR Module 7 Assessment Module 8 Data & Insights Module 8 Next steps Delivery The course is delivered through a virtual trainer led live class Cost £450 + VAT which includes the training course, the EFQM Model e-book and your EFQM Foundation Certificate. If you are not yet a member but are already thinking about joining CforC, you can find more information on how to become a member and the benefits by clicking here.
