931 Mapping courses delivered Online

Overview This comprehensive course on Web Scraping and Mapping Dam Levels in Python and Leaflet Level 4 will deepen your understanding on this topic. After successful completion of this course you can acquire the required skills in this sector. This Web Scraping and Mapping Dam Levels in Python and Leaflet Level 4 comes with accredited certification from CPD, which will enhance your CV and make you worthy in the job market. So enrol in this course today to fast track your career ladder. How will I get my certificate? After successfully completing the course you will be able to order your certificate, these are included in the price. Who is This course for? There is no experience or previous qualifications required for enrolment on this Web Scraping and Mapping Dam Levels in Python and Leaflet Level 4. It is available to all students, of all academic backgrounds. Requirements Our Web Scraping and Mapping Dam Levels in Python and Leaflet Level 4 is fully compatible with PC's, Mac's, Laptop, Tablet and Smartphone devices. This course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones so you can access your course on Wi-Fi, 3G or 4G. There is no time limit for completing this course, it can be studied in your own time at your own pace. Career Path Having these various qualifications will increase the value in your CV and open you up to multiple sectors such as Business & Management, Admin, Accountancy & Finance, Secretarial & PA, Teaching & Mentoring etc. Course Curriculum 8 sections • 22 lectures • 04:20:00 total length •Introduction: 00:16:00 •Installing PostgreSQL and PostGIS: 00:08:00 •Creating the Application Database: 00:03:00 •Installing Django in a Python Virtual Environment: 00:08:00 •Installing the ATOM IDE: 00:09:00 •Creating the Django Base Project: 00:08:00 •Adding the Database Configuration to the settings.py File: 00:09:00 •Creating a Model in the models.py File: 00:07:00 •Extracting Data from the Web: 00:24:00 •Cleaning and Transforming the Data Part 1: 00:18:00 •Cleaning and Transforming the Data Part 2: 00:10:00 •Loading the Data into the Model: 00:12:00 •Adding the Web Map Tile Service Link in settings.py: 00:08:00 •Reading from the Model and Creating a GeoJSON Dataset: 00:12:00 •Adding Template Files (HTML): 00:10:00 •Adding a Layout and the Base Map: 00:25:00 •Plotting Circle Markers: 00:16:00 •Creating a Sliding Sidebar: 00:14:00 •Creating a Doughnut Chart: 00:19:00 •Creating a Multi-Bar Bar Chart: 00:12:00 •Creating a Multi-Bar Bar Chart: 00:12:00 •Resource: 00:00:00

🚀 Unlock Your Business Potential with 'Strategic Business Forecasting: Mapping Your Path to Expansion' 🚀   Are you ready to elevate your business to new heights? Introducing our comprehensive online course designed to empower you with the skills and knowledge needed to strategically forecast and map out your path to expansion.   🌐 MODULE 1: Introduction Dive into the fundamentals of strategic business forecasting. Understand the importance of foresight in the business world and learn how effective forecasting can be a game-changer for your organization. Lay the foundation for the exciting journey ahead. 📈 MODULE 2: Determine Your Growth Projections Discover the art and science behind growth projections. Uncover the methodologies and tools used by successful businesses to forecast their expansion. From market analysis to trend identification, this module equips you with the skills to make informed decisions and set realistic growth targets. 🛠️ MODULE 3: Workshop Put theory into practice with our hands-on workshop. Work through real-world scenarios and apply the strategic forecasting techniques you've learned. Receive personalized feedback from industry experts to fine-tune your approach. This module is your opportunity to refine your skills and gain confidence in your forecasting abilities.   🔥 Key Course Highlights: ✅ In-depth exploration of strategic forecasting principles. ✅ Practical techniques for growth projection and risk assessment. ✅ Interactive workshop for hands-on application. ✅ Expert insights and industry best practices. ✅ Networking opportunities with like-minded professionals.   🎓 Who Should Enroll: Business Owners Entrepreneurs Managers and Executives Decision-Makers Anyone aspiring to lead business expansion efforts   🌟 Why Choose 'Strategic Business Forecasting'?: In today's dynamic business landscape, the ability to anticipate and plan for the future is a key differentiator. This course not only provides you with the theoretical knowledge but also ensures that you can apply these concepts in a practical setting. Join us on this transformative journey and take control of your business's destiny.   🚨 Limited Seats Available! Secure Your Spot Today. Don't miss out on this opportunity to revolutionize your business strategy. Enroll now and gain the skills you need to confidently map your path to expansion.   🔗 [Enroll Now] - Your Future Awaits: [Course Link]   🌐 Strategic Business Forecasting: Mapping Your Path to Expansion - Because Success Favors the Strategically Prepared! 🚀   Course Curriculum Module 1- Introduction Market Growth Explained 08:42 Module 1- Determine Your Growth Projections Determining Your Growth Projections 01:06 Step 1 - Research Growth Rates 10:01 Step 2 - Position Your Business for Growth 04:19 Step 3 - Telling the Growth Story 01:00 Step 4 - Calculating Your CAGR 04:28 Drone Market Case Study (Optional) 05:41 Troubleshooting 00:53 Module 3- Workshop Workshop - Growth Projections in Action 03:45

Master JPA using Hibernate as the implementation. Learn the basics of JPA: entities, relationships, entity manager, annotations, JPQL and Criteria API. Take a step into the advanced world of JPA such as caching, performance tuning (n + 1 queries), and mapping inheritance hierarchies. Get a peek into the magic of Spring Data JPA and Spring Data REST.

Essential OTN training course description An In-depth introduction to the terminology and technology that will comprise tomorrow's Optical Transport Networks. What will you learn Describe the problems with old technologies. Identify the purpose of new technologies. Describe the functionality of the various transmission mediums available Identify OTN features and functionality. Define the issues involved in equipment and application rollout. Essential OTN training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to learn OTN. Prerequisites: SDH foundation or Essential DWDM Duration 2 days Essential OTN training course contents Scope, References Terms and definitions, Abbreviations and Conventions Optical transport network interface structure Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates Optical transport module (OTM-n.m, OTM-nr.m, OTM-0.m and OTN 0.mvn) Physical specification of the ONNI Optical channel (OCh) Optical channel transport unit (OTU) Optical channel data unit (ODU) Optical channel payload unit (OPU) OTM overhead signal (OOS) Overhead description and maintenance signals Mapping of client signals and concatenation Mapping ODUk signals into the ODTUjk signal Forward error correction using 16-byte interleaved RS (255,239) codecs ODUk tandem connection monitoring (TCM) overhead OPUk Multiplex Overhead Amendment 2 including: OTN Multiplexing and Mapping, Basic signal structure, ODTU12, ODTU13, ODTU23, OPUk Multiplex Overhead, OPUk Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI). OPU2 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI), OPU3 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI), OPUk Payload Structure Identifier Reserved overhead (RES), ODU1 into ODU2 multiplexing, ODU2 into ODU3 multiplexing, ODU1 into ODU3 multiplexing Amendment 3 including: 40 Gbit/s ODU3/OTU3 and 100 Gbit/s ODU4/OTU4, Support of gigabit Ethernet services via ODU0, ODU2e, ODU3 and ODU4, ODU0 and ODUFlex, Multi-lane OTU3 and OTU4 interfaces, Support for InfiniBand Amendment 4 including: OTSn OTN synchronization messaging channel (OSMC) overhead, FC-1600 Amendment 5 Including: ODUk.ts, OTU0LL (OTU0 low latency), OTSiA (optical tributary signal assembly). OTSiG (optical tributary signal group), OTSiG-O (optical tributary signal overhead), CMEP (connection monitoring end- point), CMOH (connection monitoring overhead), MOTU (Multi-OUT), MOTUm (Multi-OTU with management), OTUCn-M (Optical Transport Unit-Cn, with n OxUC overhead instances and 5G tributary slots). SOTU (Single-OUT). SOTUm (Single-OTU with management). Modified bit rates and capacity for OTU1/2/3/4 OTM.nr.m, OTM.n.m, OTM.0.3v4, OTM 0.4v4 Mapping of CBR2G5, CBR10G, CBR10G3 and CBR40G signals into OPUk 64B/66B and 513B block code format PCS lane alignment marker for 40GBASE-R and 100GBASE-R PT=20/PT=21 and AMP/GMP options OTL 4.10 to OTL 4.4 gearbox ODU switching and Line protection Schemes 10 x 10 MSA Overview of current and future coherent and noncoherent technologies 40Gbit and 100Gbit compliant ROADM's Implementers Guide including replacement terms. Differing vendor's equipment and their implementations Individual and group planning exercises: Upgrade a customer STM-64/10G network to a 40G/ OTN network. Upgrade a customer old 16 Wavelength WDM network to be OTN compliant. Implement a new customer 40 wavelength OTU3 OTN compliant MSPP (DWDM) network. Design a cost-effective solution where we can hand over circuits using 'Optical Transport Lanes'.

PfMP® Exam Prep: In-House Training This is an intensive PfMP® Exam preparation course. This learning experience guides you through the multi-faceted discipline of portfolio management by focusing on the related technical, leadership, and business skills required to navigate it in the real world. First and foremost, this is an intensive PfMP® exam preparation course. Over the course, we go beyond exam prep to provide selected practice in applying key portfolio management skills, tools, and techniques. This learning experience guides you through the multi-faceted discipline of portfolio management by focusing on the related technical, leadership, and business skills required to navigate it in the real world. The journey zooms in and out between governance context and specific operational activities. The ultimate goal is practical application, with the bonus of certification along the way. What You Will Learn By the end of this program, you will be able to: Align and manage the portfolio, strategically, to satisfy organizational objectives and priorities, through benefit realization Articulate and emulate the role of a portfolio manager Apply the principles and skills of a portfolio manager to your real-world environment Study and prepare for the PfMP® Examination Apply for the certification, per the PMI PfMP Handbook and pass the initial panel review on your application Getting Started Course Overview Details of the PfMP® Certification process Foundation Concepts Projects, program, and portfolios A portfolio management process Strategy and value The role of the portfolio manager The role of key stakeholders Life cycle management The Portfolio Life Cycle Overview of Life Cycle Portfolio Management Information System (PMIS) Governance within the Portfolio Life Cycle Strategic Management Strategy concepts Supporting documentation and the strategic plan Planning and optimization Organizational risk appetite Managing strategic change Governance Management Overview and Guiding Principles The Concept of Governance Effective Design Factors Governance Roles Capacity and Capability Management Overview and Guiding Principles Capacity Management and Planning Supply and Demand (Management and Optimization) Organization Capabilities (Assessment and Development) Performance Management (Reporting, Analytics, and Balance) Stakeholder Engagement The Importance of Stakeholders Overview and Guiding Principles Definition and Identification Analysis and Planning Communications Approaches and Management Value Management Overview (Guiding Principles, Definition, and Components) Negotiating Expected Value Maximizing Value Assuring Value Realizing Value Measuring and Reporting Value A Look at Tools Risk Management Overview and Guiding Principles Portfolio Risk Planning Portfolio Risk Identification Portfolio Risk Assessment Portfolio Risk Response Examination Content Outline (ECO) Overview Structure Strategic Tasks Mapping Governance Tasks Mapping Performance Tasks Mapping Risk Tasks Mapping Communication Tasks Mapping List of Knowledge and Skills Exam Prep and Practice Overview Documenting experience Submitting the application Preparing to sit for the exam

CPRI training course description This course is designed to give the delegate a technical overview of the CPRI protocols and link setup. We will explain the industry cooperation to define the key internal interface between the radio equipment control (REC) and the radio equipment (RE). Also explained will be the SAP that the CPRI link supports for IQ Interface, frame synchronisation, link control and management and the master and slave ports. We will investigate the CPRI block diagram and together with the data formats and sample mapping solutions. The CPRI frame hierarchy and hyperframe construction will be detailed during this three day overview course. What will you learn Explain the CPRI Block diagram. Understand hyperframing capabilities. Explain the CPRI frame format. Understand how the synchronisation is compliant with 3GPP & WiMAX requirements. Understand the two electrical characteristics of CPRI standard. Understand the CPRI standards structure. Understand the CPRI system & Interface definitions. List the four standard bit rates of the CPRI specification. Understand the CPRI Protocol stacks. CPRI training course details Who will benefit: Anyone looking for a technical overview of the CPRI protocols and link set up. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days CPRI training course contents System Description Subsystems. Nodes. Protocol layers. Protocol data planes. User data planes. Antenna carriers. Service Access Points (SAP). Link. Passive Link. Hop. Multi-hop Connection. Logical Connection. Master Port & Slave Port. System Architecture Basic System Architecture & Common Public Radio Interface Definition. System Architecture with a link between Res. Reference configurations: Chain topology, Tree topology, Ring topology. RECs & REs in both chain & tree topology Functional description Radio Functionality. Functional Decomposition between REC and RE: For UTRA FDD, For WiMAX & E-UTRA, For GSM. CPRI Control Functionality. Interface Baseline Interface Specification. Protocol Overview. IQ Data. Synchronisation. L1 Inband Protocol. C & M Data. Protocol Extensions. Vendor Specific Information. Physical Layer Specifications Line Bit Rate. Physical Layer Modes. Electrical Interface. Optical Interface. Line Coding. Bit Error Correction/Detection. Frame Structure. Mapping Methods. Container Blocks. Hyperframes. GSM, UMTS & WiMAX Timing. Link Delay Accuracy & Cable Delay Calibration. Link Maintenance Data Link Layer (Layer 2) Specification Layer 2 Framing for Fast & Slow C & M Channels. Medium Access Control/Data Mapping. Flow Control. Start-up Sequence General. Layer 1 Start-up Timer. State Description. Transition Description. Interoperability Reserved Bandwidth. Version Numbers. Supplementary Specification Details Delay Calibration Example. Reference Test Points. List of Abbreviations & Gloss

Complete Python training course description Python is an agile, robust, expressive, fully objectoriented, extensible, and scalable programming language. It combines the power of compiled languages with the simplicity and rapid development of scripting languages. This course covers Python from the very basics of 'hello world!' through to object oriented programming and advanced topics such as multi threading. Hands on follows all the major sections in order to reinforce the theory. What will you learn Read Python programs. Write Python programs. Debug Python programs. Use Python's objects and memory model as well as its OOP features. Complete Python programming training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to learn Python. Prerequisites: None. Duration 5 days Complete Python programming training course contents Welcome to Python: What is Python? Origins, features. Downloading and installing Python, Python manuals, comparing Python, other implementations. Getting started: Program output, the print statement, "hello world!", Program input, raw_input(), comments, operators, variables and assignment, numbers, strings, lists and tuples, dictionaries, indentation, if statement, while Loop, for loop. range(), list comprehensions. Files, open() and file() built-in functions. Errors and exceptions. Functions, Classes, Modules, useful functions. Python basics: Statements and syntax, variable assignment, identifiers, basic style guidelines, memory management, First Python programs, Related modules/developer tools. Python Objects: Other built-in types, Internal Types, Standard type operators, Standard type built-in functions, Categorizing standard types, Unsupported types. Numbers: Integers, Double precision floating point numbers, Complex numbers, Operators, Built-in and factory functions, Other numeric types. Sequences: strings, lists, and tuples: Sequences, Strings, Strings and operators, String-only operators, Built-in functions, String built-in methods, Special features of strings, Unicode, Summary of string highlights, Lists, Operators, Built-in functions, List type built-in methods, Special features of lists, Tuples, Tuple operators and built-in functions, Tuples special features, Copying Python objects and shallow and deep copies. Mapping and set types: Mapping Type: dictionaries and operators, Mapping type built-in and factory functions, Mapping type built-in methods, Dictionary keys, Set types, Set type operators, Built-in functions, Set type built-in methods. Conditionals and loops: If, else and elif statements, Conditional expressions, while, for, break, continue and pass statements, else statement . . . take two, Iterators and iter(), List comprehensions, Generator expressions. Files and input/output: File objects, File built-in functions [open() and file()], File built-in methods and attributes, Standard files, Command-line arguments, File system, File execution, Persistent storage modules. Errors and exceptions: What are exceptions? Detecting and handling exceptions, Context management, Exceptions as strings, Raising exceptions, Assertions, Standard exceptions, Creating Exceptions, Why exceptions, Exceptions and the sys module. Functions: Calling, creating and passing functions, formal arguments, variable-length arguments, functional programming, Variable scope, recursion, generators. Modules: Modules and files, Namespaces, Importing modules, Module import features, Module built-in functions, Packages, Other features of modules. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Classes, Class attributes, Instances, Instance attributes, Binding and method invocation, Static methods and class methods, Composition, Sub-classing and derivation, Inheritance, Built-in functions for classes, and other objects, Customizing classes with special methods, Privacy, Delegation, Advanced features of new-style classes (Python 2.2+), Related modules and documentation. Execution environment: Callable and code Objects, Executable object statements and built-in functions, Executing other programs. 'Restricted' and 'Terminating' execution, operating system interface. Regular expressions: Special symbols and characters, REs and Python, Regular expressions example. Network programming: Sockets: communication endpoints, Network programming in Python, SocketServer module, Twisted framework introduction. Internet client programming: What are internet clients? Transferring files, Network news, E-mail. Multithreaded Programming: Threads and processes Python, threads, and the global interpreter lock, The thread and threading Modules. GUI programming: Tkinter and Python programming, Tkinter Examples, Brief tour of other GUIs. Web programming: Web surfing with Python: creating simple web clients, Advanced Web clients, CGI: helping web servers process client data, Building CGI applications, Using Unicode with CGI, Advanced CGI, Web (HTTP) Servers. Database programming: Python database application programmer's interface (DB-API), ORMs. Miscellaneous Extending Python by writing extensions, Web Services, programming MS Office with Win32 COM, Python and Java programming with Jython.

SIP in IMS training course description The IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) is defined by 3GPP as a new mobile infrastructure. This advanced course looks at the use of SIP in the IMS. What will you learn Describe the role of SIP in the IMS. Explain how SIP works in the IMS Describe the SIP architecture in the IMS. Explain how SIP and SDP are used in basic IMS procedures. SIP in IMS training course details Who will benefit: Technical telecommunications staff. Prerequisites: SIP for engineers. Duration 2 days SIP in IMS training course contents Introduction SIP review, SIP elements, Simple SIP call flow, What is IMS? Why IMS? Why SIP in the IMS? SIP and IMS relationship. Standards 3GPP, IETF, 3GPPr5, 3GPPr6, 3GPP SIP extensions. SIP and IMS IMS architecture, SIP interfaces. Server functions Registration, home and away, location and directory services, stateful and stateless servers. SIP servers P-CSCF, I-CSCF, S-CSCF, PSTN gateways SIP registration in the IMS SIP REGISTER, IMS identities, registration process, P-CSCF discovery, S-CSCF assignment, IMS subscriber and IMS registrar signalling flow. IMS routing in the registration process. Re and De-registration. SIP sessions in the IMS SIP INVITE, Establishing IMS SIP sessions, User at home network, user roaming, IMS offer answer architecture, SIP preconditions, QoS, reserving resources, IMS bearer network interactions, IMS subscriber and IMS service signalling flow. Typical call flows. SIP services in the IMS IMS specifications, IMS service procedures, call scenarios, call services. IMS multimedia related procedures. IMS presence, IMS messaging, IMS conferencing, IMS PoC. SIP-T SIP and the PSTN, URIs and ENUM, NAPTR, SRV, ISUP numbers and URI mapping, IAM and INVITE, SIP to PSTN/ISUP mapping, PSTN/ISUP to SIP mapping, PSTN to PSTN over SIP. MIME media types for ISUP, DTMF transmission, CLIP and CLIR in SIP, ring tone, split gateways SIP-I ISO standards, translation versus tunnelling. IMS SIP extensions Security (RFC 3310, 3329), Resource reservation (RFC 3312), Media authorisation (RFC 3313), SigComp (RFC 3320), P Headers (RFC 3325, 3455), Mobile registration (RFC 3327, 3608), Reg event (RFC 3680), Preconditions (RFC 4032) Security IMS security architecture, identities, HTTP digest, TLS. Affect of security on SIP media sessions.

Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for The target audience for the DevOps Leader course are professionals including: Anyone starting or leading a DevOps cultural transformation program, Anyone interested in modern IT leadership and organizational change approaches, Business Managers, Business Stakeholders, Change Agents, Consultants, DevOps Consultants, DevOps Engineers, IT Directors, IT Managers, IT Team, Leaders, Lean Coaches, Practitioners, Product Owners, Scrum Masters, System Integrators, Tool Providers Overview The learning objectives for DOL include a practical understanding of: - DevOps and time to market - The business and IT perspectives - Key differences between DevOps IT and traditional IT - Planning and organizing - Understanding performance and culture - Measurement differences - Designing a DevOps organization - Focusing on what matters - Ideas for organizing workflows - Sharing information - Defining meaningful metrics - Value stream mapping - The Spotify Squad model - Managing culture change - Popular tools and key practices - Putting it all together The DevOps Leader course is a unique and practical experience for participants who want to take a transformational leadership approach and make an impact within their organization by implementing DevOps. Leading people through a cultural transformation requires new skills, innovative thinking, and transformational leadership. Leaders up, down and across the IT organization must align and collaborate to break down silos and evolve the organization. The course highlights the human dynamics of cultural change and equips participants with practices, methods, and tools to engage people across the DevOps spectrum through the use of real-life scenarios and case studies. Upon completion of the course, participants will have tangible takeaways to leverage when back in the office such as understanding Value Stream Mapping. Prerequisites DevOps Foundation 1 - DevOps and Time What Is DevOps? Why Do DevOps Companies Doing DevOps The Magic Equation 2 - Key Differences Between DevOps IT and Traditional IT What Sets DevOps IT apart from Traditional IT How DevOps IT is Organized Differently How to Perform to a Different Standard How to Use Different Measurements 3 - Becoming a DevOps organization Transformational Leadership Redesigning An Organization for DevOps Design Principles Focus Work Information Metrics 4 - Value Stream Mapping What is Value Stream Mapping? Why Do We Need to Use this Framework? Types of Maps How to Create a Value Stream Map? Types of Data to Collect How to Handle Exceptions 5 - Value Stream Mapping Exercise 6 - Squad Organizational Model Conway's Law The Problem with Silos Spotify?s Squad Organization Model (Structure, Roles) Squads Tribes Chapters Guilds How to Reorganize in Order to Move to this Model 7 - Managing Culture Change What is Culture and How Does it Impact Performance? Types of IT Culture Cultural Traits of a DevOps Organization How to Manage Change 8 - Culture and its Impact on Performance Types of IT Culture What is a DevOps Culture How To Manage Change The Three Phases Of Change Types of Changes That Need to be Implemented 9 - Popular DevOps Tools and Practices DevOps Tools Periodic Table Top DevOps Tool Categories Common and Popular Practices 10 - Building a Business Case 11 - Bringing it all Together 12 - Additional Sources of Information 13 - Exam Preparations Exam Requirements, Question Weighting, and Terminology List Sample Exam Review Additional course details: Nexus Humans DevOps Leader (DevOps Institute) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the DevOps Leader (DevOps Institute) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

SDH training course description Our SDH training course is designed for those with a basic knowledge of the principles of telecommunication digital transmission techniques. An overview of the existing transmission hierarchies and their limitations is provided with an introduction to the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). The advantages of SDH are explained fully. What will you learn Identify the major limitations of the PDH network. Outline the advantages of using the SDH. Illustrate the various SDH equipment and network topologies. Describe the principles of the SDH multiplexing structure. SDH training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with SDH. Prerequisites: It should be noted that this course will assume some basic telecommunication transmission knowledge from the delegates attending. This may be accomplished by attending the Introduction to Telecommunications course. Duration 2 days SDH training course contents Introduction to SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH SDH Multiplexing Techniques The multiplexing principles of SDH, mapping and aligning a 2Mbit/s tributary into a TU-12, aligning the VC-12 in a TU-12, multiplexing TU-12's into a TUG-2, multiplexing TUG-2's into a TUG-3, multiplexing TUG-3's into a VC-4, the VC-4 path overhead, the STM-1 frame, the AU-4 pointer, the STM-1 section overheads, multiplexer section protection, transmission at rates higher than STM-1, concatenation line transmission functions in SDH SONET Multiplexing Techniques Mapping a DS1 tributary into a virtual tributary, aligning the VT-SPE into a VT frame, mapping the VTGs into a STS-1 SPE, the STS-1 synchronous payload envelope, the STS-1 frame SONET network sections and lines transmissions at higher rates than STS-1 SDH Functions and Facilities SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, synchronisation of SDH networks, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, SDH performance monitoring, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, network management and SDH, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), future services and technologies OSI Telecommunications Network Management Definition of network management, managing telecom equipment, the managed object library, the management information base, the telecommunications management network (TMN), the Q3 protocol.