B12 Injection Course will teach you everything you need to know to safely and effectively perform this treatment. B12 Injections are made of a substance that is naturally found in the human body; however, some people may experience a B12 deficiency or may want to avoid this. Studies suggest that these injections can boost your clientele’s wellbeing and immune system. With reported effects promoting better sleep and moods.
Hyaluronic Acid Essential Settings & Injection Techniques - CPD Accredited Course Everything you need to know on consumables, products and injection techniques for peri-oral, naso-labial and glabellaWhat will you learn Learn the essential clinical settings for the practice of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) fillers in aesthetic medicine treatments Become familiar with treatment room requirements, products, medications and consumables needed for the safe administration of the treatment Guidance on local anaesthesia options HA syringe and needle assembly and handling Differences between the use of needles and cannulas Learn injection techniques for glabella, peri-oral and naso-labial areas RequirementsYou must be health professional (doctor, dentist, nurse, etc.) that is legally entitled to offer aesthetic injectable treatments in your country/state No experience in aesthetic medicine needed Course Description This CPD accredited course covers the essential clinical settings for the practice of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) dermal filler aesthetic treatments, together with treatment demonstrations for the most popular areas, peri-oral, naso-labials and glabella . You will become familiar with the treatment room requirements, products, medications and consumables needed for the safe administration of the treatment. Guidance on local anaesthesia options, differences between the use of needles and cannulas, HA syringe and needle assembly and handling is included, to help inexperienced practitioners choose the safest and most cost-effective products and techniques. This course is a perfect introduction to the use of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) in medical aesthetics. It is ideal for beginners, but it is also useful for professionals who have attended courses elsewhere and wish to re-establish a solid knowledge foundation. Great emphasis is placed on the safest and more effective techniques, which are used as a point of reference internationally. Our specialised training is aimed at doctors, dentists and other health professionals interested in starting their career in aesthetic medicine, improve their existing skills with the most established techniques, or simply expand their knowledge. We have used our experience of more than 20 years in the non-surgical aesthetic medicine industry as a base to develop specific training courses.
B12 is fundamental to us as human beings. Depletion of this vitamin prevents us from functioning the way that we should. Vitamin injections are becoming more in demand as people become aware of the many benefits, as well as the link between a lack of vitamins and various associated ailments or illnesses. Vitamin Injections are the best way of rapidly boosting your levels, having an almost instant impact on your health and well-being. Adding this service to your salon or clinic or adding this as a skill to an individual can boost their employment opportunities. If you are looking for an intensive training course on this topic, we encourage you to enrol today! Course prerequisites This course is suitable for both medics and non-medics. To enrol on to this course you will need to meet at least one of the following prerequisites: NVQ Level 3 in beauty therapy, ITEC or HND Medically qualified with current registration with the NMC, GMC or GDC, as a:Nurse, Doctor, Dentist 12 Months Needling Experience 6 Months of Needling Experience and Anatomy & Physiology Level 3 or above. Course Agenda This intensive course includes theory study via the e-learning portal and practical in-house training. All courses are kept intimate with a maximum of 6 learners in a class. Anatomy and physiology of the skin and tissues Infection control Sharps and hazardous waste First aid and anaphylaxis Pre-study B12 & vitamin C injection training Practical training 1 model per area Clinical set up Professional live demonstrations Frequently Asked Questions Is a deposit required to book? All enrolments are charged an administration fee which is non-refundable. When you enrol you can elect to pay a deposit of 10% plus the administration fee or pay the total training course in full. We have full details of the terms and conditions of training course enrolments here How can I book? We have a few options for you to book. You can book by selecting an available training date above here on our website, by contacting us through email at hello@cosmetic.college or by contacting us on 0333 015 5117. Where is the Cosmetic College The Cosmetic College is located at: 3 Locks Court, 429 Crofton Road, Orpington, BR6 8NL
Penetration testing training course description An advanced technical hands on course focusing on hacking and counter hacking. The course revolves around a series of exercises based on "hacking" into a network (pen testing the network) and then defending against the hacks. What will you learn Perform penetration tests. Explain the technical workings of various penetration tests. Produce reports on results of penetration tests. Defend against hackers. Penetration testing training course details Who will benefit: Technical support staff, auditors and security professionals. Staff who are responsible for network infrastructure integrity. Prerequisites: IP Security IP VPNs Duration 5 days Penetration testing training course contents Introduction Hacking concepts, phases, types of attacks, 'White hacking', What is penetration testing? Why use pen testing, black box vs. white box testing, equipment and tools, security lifecycles, counter hacking, pen testing reports, methodologies, legal issues. Physical security and social engineering Testing access controls, perimeter reviews, location reviews, alarm response testing. Request testing, guided suggestions, trust testing. Social engineering concepts, techniques, counter measures, Identity theft, Impersonation on social media, Footprints through social engineering Reconnaissance (discovery) Footprinting methodologies, concepts, threats and countermeasures, WHOIS footprinting, Gaining contacts and addresses, DNS queries, NIC queries, ICMP ping sweeping, system and server trails from the target network, information leaks, competitive intelligence. Scanning pen testing. Gaining access Getting past passwords, password grinding, spoofed tokens, replays, remaining anonymous. Scanning (enumeration) Gaining OS info, platform info, open port info, application info. Routes used, proxies, firewalking, Port scanning, stealth port scanning, vulnerability scanning, FIN scanning, Xmas tree scanning, Null scanning, spoofed scanning, Scanning beyond IDS. Enumeration concepts, counter measures and enumeration pen testing. Hacking Hacking webservers, web applications, Wireless networks and mobile platforms. Concepts, threats, methodology, hacking tools and countermeasures. Trojan, Backdoors, Sniffers, Viruses and Worms Detection, concepts, countermeasures, Pen testing Trojans, backdoors, sniffers and viruses. MAC attacks, DHCP attacks, ARP poisoning, DNS poisoning Anti-Trojan software, Malware analysis Sniffing tools. Exploiting (testing) vulnerabilities Buffer overflows,, simple exploits, brute force methods, UNIX based, Windows based, specific application vulnerabilities. DoS/DDoS Concepts, techniques, attack tools, Botnet, countermeasures, protection tools, DoS attack pen testing. SQL Injection Types and testing, Blind SQL Injection, Injection tools, evasion and countermeasures. Securing networks 'Hurdles', firewalls, DMZ, stopping port scans, IDS, Honeypots, Router testing, firewall testing, IDS testing, Buffer Overflow. Cryptography PKI, Encryption algorithms, tools, Email and Disk Encryption. Information security Document grinding, privacy.
Our students gain the product knowledge and practical skills needed to perform foundation anti-wrinkle injections to the upper third of the face. You will learn the fundamentals of facial anatomy, muscle structure, and the ageing process. By understanding these key concepts, you will be able to assess your client's needs accurately and create customised treatment plans to achieve optimal results. Through hands-on practical sessions, you will gain the confidence and proficiency to administer anti-wrinkle injections with precision. Our experienced trainers will guide you through various injection techniques, dosage calculations, and proper injection site selection. Patient safety is our top priority, and you will learn important safety protocols to minimise risks and manage potential complications. By implementing best practices, you will ensure a comfortable and secure experience for your clients. Course Entry Requirements: One or more of the following: Be a medical professional registered to a medical body (NMC, GMC, GDC, GPhC, etc.) Have Level 3 NVQ in Beauty Therapy. Have six months of experience in SPMU, Microblading, and Microneedling) and six months of Anatomy & Physiology Level 3. Have 12 months of experience in advanced beauty treatments (e.g SPMU, Microblading, Microneedling). Course Pre-Study/Practical & Length: Pre Study 1-day on-site training Course Agenda: Product History Face anatomy Injection techniques Ageing process Patient consultation & expectations Tutor demonstration Student practical session Delivery method Areas Glabella lines, Cross feet, Frown lines Course Benefits Student Benefits Enhanced Knowledge and Skills: You will gain in-depth knowledge of facial anatomy, muscle structure, and the ageing process, enabling you to accurately assess clients' needs and develop personalised treatment plans. Through practical training, you will acquire the skills and confidence to administer anti-wrinkle injections with precision. Professional Credibility: Completing this course will establish you as a qualified and competent practitioner in the field of anti-wrinkle injections. Your certification will enhance your professional credibility and increase your chances of securing employment in reputable medical spas, aesthetic clinics, or starting your own practice. Expanded Career Opportunities: The aesthetics industry is continuously growing, and there is a high demand for skilled professionals in the field of anti-wrinkle treatments. By enrolling in this course, you will position yourself for exciting career opportunities and the potential for career advancement. Client Benefits Personalised Treatment Plans: With your enhanced knowledge and skills, you will be able to assess clients' unique facial features, concerns, and expectations. This will enable you to develop customised treatment plans tailored to their specific needs, ensuring optimal results. Safe and Effective Treatments: The comprehensive training you receive will prioritise patient safety and risk management. You will learn proper injection techniques, dosage calculations, and safety protocols, minimising risks and ensuring a safe and comfortable experience for clients. Youthful and Refreshed Appearance: By administering anti-wrinkle injections, you can help clients achieve a smoother, more youthful appearance. By reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, clients will experience increased confidence and satisfaction with their rejuvenated appearance. Earning Potential By completing this course, you can unlock significant earning potential. As a certified practitioner in anti-wrinkle injections, you can expect competitive salaries and income opportunities in the aesthetics industry. The exact earning potential may vary depending on factors such as your location, experience, and clientele. With the growing demand for anti-wrinkle treatments, you have the opportunity to build a successful career and secure a rewarding salary. Whether you choose to work in established clinics, medical spas, or start your own practice, the ability to offer anti-wrinkle injections can significantly enhance your earning potential. Enrol in our Foundation Anti Wrinkle Injections Training Course today and take the first step towards a lucrative career in aesthetics. Unlock your earning potential and make a positive impact in the lives of your clients. Frequently Asked Questions What topics are covered in the course curriculum? Our course curriculum covers essential topics such as facial anatomy, injection techniques, product selection, client consultation, and post-treatment care. You will receive comprehensive theoretical knowledge and hands-on practical training to ensure a well-rounded learning experience. Do I need to bring my own models for the practical training? No, it is not necessary to bring your own models for the practical training sessions. We provide models for you to practice on under the guidance of our experienced instructors. However, if you prefer to bring your own models, you are welcome to do so. Will I receive a certification upon course completion? Yes, upon successfully completing the course, you will receive a certification that recognises your proficiency in performing anti-wrinkle injections. This certification will enhance your professional credibility and open doors to career opportunities.
Our students will receive theoretical knowledge and practical skills for six key facial areas using dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle techniques for the face to ensure they understand the importance of facial harmony and balance. Our goal at the Cosmetic College is to deliver the highest quality training in dermal fillers using the safest and most up-to-date techniques. Our Essential dermal filler training courses are carried out in small groups. This enables us to provide you with a training programme tailored to your needs, with more time and emphasis on the hands-on practical sessions. Course Prerequisites This course is suitable for those with or without a medical background. It is designed to allow the student to seek employment or start their own business upon completion. At a minimum, students will be required to be qualified with one or more of the following: Medically trained as a nurse, doctor or dentist with current registration with the NMC, GMC or GDC. NVQ Level 3 in Beauty Therapy, ITEC or HND 12 months of needling experience 6 Months of micropigmentation experience and Anatomy & Physiology Level 3 Please note that if your qualification does not appear above, we offer a fast-track access course for those new to the industry. Course Agenda A mixture of online study, virtual lectures and practical onsite sessions A series of online and onsite assessments 3 days training program Course Structure This course is held over five days of intensive theory and practical sessions. All courses are kept intimate with a maximum of 4 students per course. Course Agenda Anatomy and physiology of the face Infection control Sharps and hazardous waste training First aid and anaphylaxis training Introduction to dermal filler injection techniques Elective and emergency dissolving Start Business up (How to set up a business, insurance, stockist, social media, managed, join our Instagram group) Injection techniques practice Danger zones training Vessels, muscles, fat pads workshop Professional live demonstrations Legal requirements, obtaining consent with consultation techniques and documentation Practical training Clinical setup procedures Areas Covered (Dermal Filler) Lips Nasolabial Folds (Smile lines) Marionette lines Areas Covered ( Anti-Wrinkle) Glabella lines Cross feet Frown Lines Professional Kit Dermal filler (For Training purposes) Numbing cream Massage gel Chlorhexidine pre-injection wipes Sterile treatment packs Gloves Surgical face masks Skin marker pencils Ice pack Consultation forms Course Benefits Student Benefits Comprehensive Training: By enrolling in this package, you will receive comprehensive training in two highly sought-after aesthetic treatments. You will gain in-depth knowledge about dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle injections, including the underlying anatomy, injection techniques, safety considerations, and client assessment. This comprehensive training will make you a confident and skilled practitioner in these treatments. Hands-on Experience: Our training package emphasises hands-on experience to ensure that you develop the practical skills necessary to perform dermal filler and anti-wrinkle injection treatments. Under the guidance of experienced instructors, you will have the opportunity to practice these techniques on models, allowing you to refine your skills and build confidence in delivering safe and effective treatments. Diversify Your Skill Set: By enrolling in this package, you will expand your skill set and offer a wider range of services to your clients. Dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle injections are versatile treatments that can address multiple aesthetic concerns, including volume loss, wrinkles, and fine lines. By mastering these techniques, you can cater to a broader client base and meet their individual needs. Enhanced Professional Credentials: Completing the Dermal Fillers and Anti-Wrinkle Training Package will enhance your professional credentials in the aesthetics industry. You will receive certifications for both dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle injections, which will validate your expertise and demonstrate your commitment to providing high-quality treatments. This can elevate your professional reputation and help you attract new clients. Client Benefits Comprehensive Treatment Options: Clients seeking facial rejuvenation and anti-aging solutions will benefit from your ability to offer both dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle injections. These treatments can address a wide range of concerns, including volume loss, deep wrinkles, and fine lines. By providing comprehensive treatment options, you can tailor your services to meet each client's unique needs and goals. Natural-Looking Results: With your comprehensive training, you will be able to deliver natural-looking results to your clients. Dermal fillers can restore lost volume, enhance facial features, and create a more youthful appearance. Anti-wrinkle injections can relax facial muscles and smooth out wrinkles, resulting in a more refreshed and rejuvenated appearance. Clients will appreciate your ability to achieve subtle and harmonious enhancements. Professional and Safe Treatments: Clients will have peace of mind knowing that you have received professional training in dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle injections. Your knowledge of the underlying anatomy, injection techniques, and safety considerations will ensure that treatments are performed with precision and care. Clients can trust that they are in safe hands and will receive high-quality treatments. Earning Potential Expanded Client Base: By offering both dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle injections, you can attract a wider range of clients seeking various aesthetic treatments. This can lead to an increase in client bookings and revenue potential. Client Retention and Referrals: Satisfied clients who receive effective and natural-looking results are more likely to become repeat customers. They may also refer their friends, family, and acquaintances to experience your services. Client retention and referrals can significantly contribute to your earning potential. Stay Competitive in the Industry: The demand for dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle treatments continues to grow as more individuals seek non-surgical options for facial rejuvenation. By mastering these techniques, you position yourself as a skilled practitioner in a competitive market. This can help you attract new clients and stay ahead of the competition
Our foundation lip filler course is designed for learners wanting to enter the industry at a beginner level and specialise in lip augmentation. Our goal at the Cosmetic College is to deliver the highest quality training in dermal fillers using the safest and most up-to-date techniques. Our courses are carried out in small groups; This enables us to provide you with a training programme tailored to your needs, with more time and emphasis on the hands-on practical sessions. Course Prerequisites This course is suitable for those with or without a medical background. It is designed to provide the student with the ability to seek employment or start their own business upon qualification. At a minimum, students will be required to be qualified at least one of the following: Medically qualified as a nurse, doctor or dentist with current registration with the NMC, GMC or GDC. NVQ Level 3 in Beauty Therapy, ITEC or HND 12 months of needling experience 6 Months micropigmentation experience and Anatomy & Physiology Level 3 Please note that if your qualification does not appear above, we offer a fast track access course for those completely new to the industry. Course Pre Study 40 hours of E-learning A series of online assessments 2 Days of Practical training Anatomy and physiology of the face Infection control Sharps and hazardous waste training First aid and anaphylaxis training Introduction to dermal filler injection techniques Elective and emergency dissolving Injection techniques practice Danger zones training Vessels, muscles, fat pads workshop Professional live demonstrations Legal requirements, obtaining consent with consultation techniques and documentation Practical training Clinical setup procedures Areas CoveredLips Professional KitDermal filler (Used for training) Numbing creamMassage gelChlorhexidine pre-injection wipesSterile treatment packsGlovesSurgical face masksSkin marker pencilsIce packConsultation forms
Our students will receive theoretical knowledge and practical skills for 3 key facial areas using dermal fillers techniques for the face to ensure they understand the importance of facial harmony and balance. Our goal at the Cosmetic College is to deliver the highest quality training in dermal fillers using the safest and most up-to-date techniques. Our Essential dermal filler training courses are carried out in small groups. This enables us to provide you with a training programme tailored to your needs, with more time and emphasis on the hands-on practical sessions. Course Prerequisites This course is suitable for those with or without a medical background. It is designed to allow the student to seek employment or start their own business upon completion. At a minimum, students will be required to be qualified with one or more of the following: Medically trained as a nurse, doctor or dentist with current registration with the NMC, GMC or GDC. NVQ Level 3 in Beauty Therapy, ITEC or HND 12 months of needling experience 6 Months of micropigmentation experience and Anatomy & Physiology Level 3 Please note that if your qualification does not appear above, we offer a fast-track access course for those new to the industry. Course Agenda A mixture of online study, virtual lectures and practical onsite sessions A series of online and onsite assessments 1 day online webinar followed by 2 days onsite training program Course Structure All courses are kept intimate with a maximum of 4 students per course Course Agenda Anatomy and physiology of the face Infection control Sharps and hazardous waste training First aid and anaphylaxis training Introduction to dermal filler injection techniques Elective and emergency dissolving Start Business up (How to set up a business, insurance, stockist, social media, managed, join our Instagram group) Injection techniques practice Danger zones training Vessels, muscles, fat pads workshop Professional live demonstrations Legal requirements, obtaining consent with consultation techniques and documentation Practical training Clinical setup procedures Areas Covered (Dermal Filler) Lips Nasolabial Folds (Smile lines) Marionette lines Professional Kit Dermal filler (For Training purposes) Numbing cream Massage gel Chlorhexidine pre-injection wipes Sterile treatment packs Gloves Surgical face masks Skin marker pencils Ice pack Consultation forms Course Benefits Student Benefits Comprehensive Knowledge: By enrolling in this training, students will gain in-depth knowledge about dermal fillers, including facial anatomy, product selection, injection techniques, and patient assessment. This knowledge will provide a solid foundation for performing dermal filler treatments effectively and safely. Practical Skills: The course includes hands-on training, allowing students to develop practical skills in administering dermal fillers. Through supervised practice on live models, students can refine their techniques and gain confidence in delivering natural-looking results. Professional Advancement: Acquiring expertise in dermal fillers can significantly enhance a student's career prospects in the aesthetics industry. Client Benefits Natural-Looking Results: Clients can expect natural-looking results from trained professionals who have a thorough understanding of facial anatomy and the skill to administer dermal fillers effectively. The training ensures that students are equipped to enhance facial features and address specific concerns with precision. Safety and Care: Clients can have confidence in the skills and knowledge of practitioners who have undergone comprehensive training. Trained professionals prioritise client safety, follow proper hygiene protocols, and provide appropriate aftercare instructions. Earning Potential Earning potential and salary in the field of dermal fillers can vary depending on several factors, including geographic location, experience, and the number of clients. As professionals gain experience and build their reputation, they may have the potential to earn a competitive income. It's important to note that individual earning potential may vary and is influenced by various factors in the aesthetics industry. Additionally, continuing education and expanding your skill set by taking advanced courses and staying updated with the latest techniques and trends can also contribute to your earning potential. This allows you to offer a wider range of services and attract more clients seeking specialised treatments. Frequently Asked Questions Is prior experience required to enrol in the course? No, this course is suitable for both beginners and experienced practitioners. It provides a comprehensive foundation in dermal fillers, covering essential knowledge and practical skills. Are live models provided for the practical training? Yes, live models will be provided for the practical training sessions. This allows you to practice your skills under the guidance and supervision of experienced instructors.
About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This 5 half-day VILT course will comprehensively cover the technical aspects of gas processing. The scope will be from the wellhead through the typical gas processing plant and discuss gas gathering (pipeline hydraulics), natural gas treating (H2S, CO2 removal), acid gas injection and sulfur recovery. One unique aspect of this training course is the operations and troubleshooting discussions in each module. This VILT course is suited to technical personnel or technical management. Training Objectives After the completion of this VILT course, participants will be able to: Grasp the key specifications of natural gas and liquid products Understand the physical and transport properties of gases and liquids and liquid-vapor phase behavior Explore the various technologies for processing natural gas and to make the specifications Examine the design of the technologies Learn how to diagnose operating problems to keep facilities running reliably Target Audience This VILT course is intended for all surface technical personnel such as process engineers & technologists, facility engineers and production engineers & technologists. This VILT course will greatly benefit but not limited to: Process, petroleum and production engineers Field operators and technicians Personnel involved in gas treatment and processing Managers and Supervisors involved with gas processing operations Course Level Basic or Foundation Intermediate Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 5 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day. Course Duration: 5 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (20 hours in total). The maximum number of participants for this course is 20 persons. Case studies and Exercises: This VILT course will use actual case references throughout its duration in various forms. This will allow the application of the participants' newly-acquired knowledge. Case studies also stimulate independent thinking and discussion among the participants Trainer Your expert course leader has written several papers that have been published in both academic and industry journals. He has over 30 years of industry experience, specializing in gas processing (pipeline hydraulics, separation, dehydration, treating, sulphur recovery and refrigeration processes) and also has experience with crude oil dehydration, stabilization and micro-refining topping plants. He has experience with developing new technology and is recently involved in lithium, waste biomass and used motor oil pyrolysis and geothermal projects. He has recognized expertise in thermodynamics and physical and transport properties of fluids. He has consulted for several EPC and operating companies through his company Chem-Pet Process Tech., and currently holds the role of Director of Technology in an integrated engineering and solutions provider to the energy industry. He is currently involved with a small power-based carbon capture project as well as helping clients determine the best options for utilities decisions. He has been involved with CO2 dehydration and CO2 flood gas treating as well as acid gas injection projects for several years. Highlighted Achievements: Developed ORC geothermal model to determine the available power from wells in Alberta Acting on the Technical Advisory Board for E3 Metals, extracting lithium from formation water. Acted as a Subject Matter Expert for assessing the performance of the Plains Midstream Canada, Empress 1 Deep Cut Straddle Plant in a potential litigation. Acted as an Expert Witness for JL Transportation patent defence of a dense phase technology. Process engineer lead on the addition of the new Orloff gas plant for Deltastream. Also troubleshooted the oil battery shipping pump, plate exchanger and FWKO and treater. Evaluated gas processing and sulphur recovery options for new feeds to the Zhaikmunai Zelenovsky Gas Plant, Kazakhstan (with PM Lucas, Serbia). Completed capacity analysis for hydrocarbon dew point versus liquid recovery of three trains at Birchcliff Pouce Coupe facility including amine unit, refrigerated gas plant and acid gas injection. Completed process design for CO2 flue gas dehydration for Husky Energy Inc (with Status Engineering) Provided simulations of EnCana Foster Creek and Christina Lake and Husky McMullen SAGD facilities (with Vista Projects). Performed process engineering for Cenovus Pelican Lake SAGD pilot (with GRB Engineering) Bear Lake heavy oil polymer injection pilot (with GRB Engineering). Lead process engineer on the design of IEC Kerrobert crude oil micro-refinery (topping plant). Provided engineering support and troubleshooting for Enerchem Slave Lake Crude tower and product blending (with Status Engineering). POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations