1245 Courses in Manchester

About this Training Course Geomechanical evaluations are about the assessment of deformations and failure in the subsurface due to oil & gas production, geothermal operations, CO2 storage and other operations. All geomechanical evaluations include four types of modelling assumptions, which will be systematically addressed in this training, namely: 1. Geometrical modelling assumption: Impact of structural styles on initial stress and stress redistribution due to operations 2. Formation (or constitutive) behaviour: Linear elastic and non-linear behaviour, associated models and their parameters, and methods how to constrain these using 3. Initial stress: Relation with structural setting and methods to quantify the in-situ stress condition 4. Loading conditions: Changes in pore pressure and temperature on wellbore and field scale This 5 full-day course starts with the determination of the stresses in the earth, the impact of different structural styles, salt bodies, faulting and folding on the orientation of the three main principal stress components. Different (field) data sources will be discussed to constrain their magnitude, while exercises will be made to gain hands-on experience. Subsequently, the concepts of stress and strain will be discussed, linear elasticity, total and effective stress and poro-elasticity in 1D, 2D and 3D, as well as thermal expansion. Participants will be able to construct and interpret a Mohr-circles. Also, different failure mechanisms and associated models (plastic, viscous) will be discussed. All these concepts apply on a material point level. Next, geomechanics on the wellbore scale is addressed, starting with the stress distribution around the wellbore (Kirsch equations). The impact of mudweight on shear and tensile failure (fracturing) will be calculated, and participants will be able to determine the mudweight window stable drilling operations, while considering well deviation and the use of oil-based and water-based muds (pore pressure penetration). Fracturing conditions and fracture propagation will be addressed. Field-scale geomechanics is addressed on the fourth day, focussing on building a 3D geomechanical model that is fit-for-purpose (focussing on the risks that need evaluation). Here, geological interpretation (layering), initial stress and formation property estimation (from petrophysical logs and lab experiments) as well as determining the loading conditions come together. The course is concluded with interpretation of the field-wide geomechanical response to reservoir depletion with special attention to reservoir compaction & subsidence, well failure and fault reactivation & induced seismicity. Special attention is paid to uncertainties and formulating advice that impacts decision-making during development and production stages of a project. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives Upon completing of this course, the participants will be able to: Identify potential project risks that may need a geomechanical evaluation Construct a pressure-depth plot based on available field data (density logs, (X)LOT, FIT, RFT) Employ log-based correlation function to estimate mechanical properties Produce a simplified, but appropriate geometrical (layered, upscaled) model that honours contrasts in initial stress, formation properties and loading conditions, including Construct and interpret a Mohr-circle for shear and tensile failure Calculate the mud weight that leads to shear and tensile failure (fracturing conditions) Identify potential lab experiments to measure required formation properties Describe the workflow and data to develop a field-wide fit-for-purpose geomechanical model Discuss the qualitative impact of pressure and temperature change on the risk related to compaction, well failure, top-seal integrity and fault reactivation Target Audience This course is intended for Drilling Engineers, Well Engineers, Production Technologists, Completion Engineers, Well Superintendents, Directional Drillers, Wellsite Supervisors and others, who wish to further their understanding of rock mechanics and its application to drilling and completion. There is no specific formal pre-requisite for this course. However, the participants are requested to have been exposed to drilling, completions and production operations in their positions and to have a recommended minimum of 3 years of field experience. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader has over 30 years of experience in the Oil & Gas industry, covering all geomechanical issues in the petroleum industry for Shell. Some of his projects included doing research and providing operational advice in wellbore stability, sand failure prediction, and oil-shale retortion among others. He guided multi-disciplinary teams in compaction & subsidence, top-seal integrity, fault reactivation, induced-seismicity and containment. He was also involved in projects related to Carbon Capture Storage (CCS). He is the founding father of various innovations and assessment tools, and developed new insights into the root causes seismicity induced by Oil & Gas production. Furthermore, he was the regional coordinator for technology deployment in Africa, and Smart Fields (DOFF, iField) design advisor for Shell globally. He was responsible for the Geomechanical competence framework, and associated virtual and classroom training programme in Shell for the last 10 years. He served as one of the Subject Matter Expert (SME) on geomechanics, provided Technical Assurance to many risk assessments, and is a co-author of Shell's global minimun standard on top-seal integry and containment. He has a MSc and PhD in Civil Engineering and computational mechanics from Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. Training experience: Developed and delivered the following (between 2010 and 2020): The competence framework for the global geomechanical discipline in Shell Online Geomechanical training programs for petroleum engineers (post-doc level) The global minimum standard for top-seal integrity assessment in Shell Over 50 learning nuggets with Subject Matter Experts Various Shell virtual Geomechanical training courses covering all subjects Developed Advanced Geomechanical training program for experienced staff in Shell Coaching of KPC staff on Geomechanics and containment issues on an internship at Shell in The Netherlands, Q4 2014 Lectured at the Utrecht University summer school (The Netherlands, 2020) on induced seismicity among renowned earthquake experts (Prof. Mark Zoback, Prof. Jean-Philippe Avouac, Prof. Jean-Pierre Ampuero and Prof. Torsten Dahm) (https://www.nwo.nl/onderzoeksprogrammas/deepnl/bijeenkomsten/6-10-juli-2020-deepnl-webinar-series-induced-seismicity) Lectured at the Danish Technical University summer school (Copenhagen, 2021) summer school on Carbon Capture and Storage (https://www.oilgas.dtu.dk/english/Events/DHRTC-Summer-School) Virtual Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Project Risks & How to Manage Them training course (October and November 2021) POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course There are various kinds of geophysical data available. They are separated into seismic and non-seismic (multi-physics) data. Non-seismic or multi-physics data (which includes gravity, magnetics, electrical, electromagnetics, spectral etc - apart from providing complimentary information to seismic) is the main source of information for very shallow subsurface applications such as engineering, mapping pollution, archaeology, geothermal energy, and related areas. This 5 full-day blended course will focus specifically on seismic data which is the main method used in the Oil & Gas industry. In this blended course, participants will be equipped to understand that seismic data represents the movement of the surface, resulting from waves generated by a source, dynamite or vibrator which are reflected by changes in the subsurface rocks. The basic principles of acquisition and processing will be explained and insights into advanced methods, allowing a much more accurate interpretation of seismic data than previously considered possible, will also be provided. This blended course contains an introduction to Machine Learning and its important role in all aspects of seismic acquisition, processing, and interpretation. There is no need to know in detail how the algorithms work internally but it is necessary to know how to use them correctly to achieve optimum results. Training Objectives By attending this course, participants will be able to acquire the following: Obtain an understanding of the strengths and limitations of geophysical methods, specifically seismic, and the costs and risks involved, and how to reduce these. Be able to communicate more effectively with staff in other disciplines. Understand the potential applications of seismic data and know how to formulate the requirements needed for prospect and field evaluation. Gain an awareness of modern seismic technology. Apply the learning in a series of practical, illustrative exercises. Know what types of questions to ask to assess the necessary quality of a seismic project in its role in a sequence of E&P activities Target Audience The blended course is intended for non-geophysicists who have intensive interaction with geophysicists. But it may be of interest to those who want to know about the recent progress made in geophysics, leading to amazing imaging results, which could not be imagined a decade ago. The blended course will bring to the attention of the geologists, petrophysicists and reservoir/petroleum engineers an awareness of how the data they will work with is acquired and processed by the geophysicist. It will introduce the concepts that are of importance in geophysics and thus relevant for non-geophysicists to know and be able to communicate with geophysicists as well as formulate their requests. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader has degree in Geology (University of Leiden), a Master's degree in Theoretical Geophysics (University of Utrecht) and a PhD in Utrecht on 'Full wave theory and the structure of the lower mantle'. This involved forward modelling of P- and S-waves diffracted around the core-mantle boundary and comparison of the frequency-dependent attenuation of the signal with those obtained from major earthquakes observed at long offsets in the 'shadow zone' of the core. These observations were then translated into rock properties of the D' transition zone. After his PhD, he joined Shell Research in The Netherlands to develop methods to predict lithology and pore-fluid based on seismic, petrophysical and geological data. He subsequently worked for Shell in London to interpret seismic data from the Central North Sea Graben. As part of the Quantitative Interpretation assignment, he was also actively involved in managing, processing and interpreting Offshore Seismic Profiling experiments. After his return to The Netherlands, he headed a team for the development of 3D interpretation methods using multi-attribute statistical and pattern recognition analysis on workstations. After a period of Quality Assurance of 'Contractor' software for seismic processing, he became responsible for Geophysics in the Shell Learning Centre. During that period, he was also a part-time professor in Applied Geophysics at the University of Utrecht. From 2001 to 2005, he worked on the development of Potential Field Methods (Gravity, Magnetics) for detecting oil and gas. Finally, he became a champion on the use of EM methods and became involved in designing acquisition, processing and interpretation methods for Marine Controlled Source EM (CSEM) methods. After his retirement from Shell, he founded his own company, specialising in courses on acquisition, processing and interpretation of geophysical data (seismic, gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic data), providing courses to International and National energy companies. In the last couple of years, he became keenly interested in the use of Machine Learning in Geophysics. Apart from incorporating 'Artificial Intelligence' in his courses, he also developed a dedicated Machine Learning course for geophysics. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Enhance your skills in promoting positive behavior and creating supportive environments for children with our PBS course. Evidence-based practices and collaboration emphasised.

A comprehensive two days, delivered using a variety of teaching styles, by professionals who manage medical emergencies on a day-to-day basis. A number of the more common presenting conditions are covered providing a structured approach to the pathophysiology, initial assessment and management of the acutely ill medical patient.

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About this Training Course  Seismic interpretation requires an understanding of structural development and its interrelation with the stratigraphic system. Bias and misunderstanding have unfortunately resulted in countless dry holes. So go beyond tracing horizons and understand their context within the structural system by extracting key information from seismic surveys and other datasets. In this 5 full-day training course, participants will learn a variety of modern structural concepts and techniques and their role in the interpretation of seismic data. Using an applied 'hands-on' approach, participants will be exposed to a diversity of worldwide case examples with complementary exercises - both of an individual and group nature. The course is designed from an applied standpoint, with numerous examples and hands-on exercises from the petroleum industry. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives By the end of this course, the participants will be able to: Go beyond tracing horizons and marking faults and truly understand the structural and stratigraphic system. Understand the role of tectonics and deformation in the formation of various types and orientations of geologic structures. Understand the interaction of the structural system with the stratigraphic and sedimentologic environment for better prediction of reservoir formation. Integrate data from the large seismic scale to subseismic scale, including seismic anisotropy, to understand better the overall petroleum system. Learn about the common pitfalls of interpretation. Target Audience This course is intended for geologists, geophysicists, reservoir engineers, and exploration/production managers. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Geology from the now University of Louisiana-Lafayette in 1989 and 1990 respectively, and his Ph.D. as a National Science Foundation fellow at Baylor University, Waco, Texas, in 1993. From 1994 - 1996, he studied planetary tectonics as a NASA-funded postdoctoral fellow at Southern Methodist University. In 1996, he returned to UL-Lafayette, where he was awarded in 1997 the Hensarling-Chapman Endowed Professorship in Geology. He began independent consulting activities in 1991, and in 2001, he left academia for full-time consulting for clients ranging from one-man shops to supermajors. He rejoined UL-Lafayette as an adjunct professor from 2011 - 2018. He is an active researcher, receiving several million dollars in grants from federal, state, and industry sources, presenting numerous talks, including a 2019 AAPG Levorsen award, and publishing on a diversity of geoscience topics, including a Grover E. Murray Best Published Paper award in 2017. He is co-author of the inaugural GCAGS/GCSSEPM Transactions Best Student Paper award in 2018. He served as the GCAGS Publisher since 2006 and in various GCAGS/GCSSEPM Transactions editing capacities since 2006, including the 2014 and 2017 - 2022 Editor (named Permanent Transactions Editor in 2017), and Managing Editor since 2011, receiving a GCAGS Distinguished Service Award in 2018. He served as the General Chair for GeoGulf 2020 (70th GCAGS/GCSSEPM Convention), the 1st hybrid geoscience conference in the world. He is a Past President of the Lafayette Geological Society and served as its Editor and Publisher from 2002 - 2018. In 2018, he founded the Willis School of Applied Geoscience, reformulating decades of industry-training experience to provide alternative opportunities for graduate-level education. In 2020, he received an Honorary Membership from GCSSEPM. He also joined the LSU faculty as an adjunct professor in 2020. In 2021, he co-founded the Society of Applied Geoscientists and Engineers, serving as its President, General Chair for the SAGE 2022 Convention & Exposition, and Vice-Chair for the Benghazi International Geoscience & Engineering Conference 2022 (BIGEC 2022). POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

About this training This 5-day training course enables participants to learn and understand the fundamental concepts of well test analysis. The methodology described in the course, which has become the standard of the industry, presents a systematic way of interpreting well tests in homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs, including fissured and multilayered systems. Recommendations for designing tests in such formations, examples, and problem-solving sessions for practical experience and immediate application are included in the course. Training Objectives Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to: Understand the well test analysis methodology Present the straight line, log-log pressure, derivative and deconvolution analysis methods Learn the most common reservoir behaviours and boundary effects Carry out the gas and multiphase analysis Target Audience The course is intended for individuals who involved with the design and interpretation of well tests. The following personnel will benefit from the knowledge shared in this course: Petroleum Production Engineers Production and Wellsite Geologist Geophysicist Reservoir Engineer Drilling Engineer Trainer Your expert course leader has taught numerous well test interpretation industry courses around the world and has been involved in many consulting projects. He is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) since 1969, and he was elected a Distinguished Member in 2002 and an Honorary Member in 2009. He has chaired or organized many SPE Advanced Technology Workshops. He is a recognized expert in well test analysis and has published over one hundred technical papers and was responsible for many advances in well test interpretation, including: the use of Greens functions; wellbore storage and skin, fractured wells, and wells with double porosity behavior; the first major commercial computer-aided interpretation software; single-well and multi-well deconvolution; and a well test interpretation methodology which has become standard in the oil industry. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course Petrophysics remains a vital component to many facets of the petroleum industry, from quantification of hydrocarbon reserves to developmental strategies to real-time decision making for reservoir navigation. Targeted at awareness to knowledge level, this course addresses the tenets of petrophysics and formation evaluation, using integrative perspective of multiple datasets, including geological, geophysical, and logging and core data. Significant worldwide case histories are included, as well as several exercises designed to provide hands-on experience. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives By attending this course, the participants will be able to: Understand better the latest geological, geophysical, and logging/core technologies and their role in petrophysical analysis, formation evaluation, and reservoir characterization. Address the pros and cons of key datasets, with emphasis on need for integrative studies and calibration of datasets. Apply quick-look qualitative techniques as well as quantitative aspects to understand vital aspects such as volume of shale/clay, porosity, permeability, and water saturation determinations. Select tool combinations to resolve key issues and for specific applications. Assess uncertainty in petrophysical measurements and techniques and its influence on reserve estimation. Target Audience This course is recommended for development and exploration geologists, petrophysicists, log and core analysts, geophysicists, petroleum engineers, managers, and technical personnel. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Geology from the now University of Louisiana-Lafayette in 1989 and 1990 respectively, and his Ph.D. as a National Science Foundation fellow at Baylor University, Waco, Texas, in 1993. From 1994 - 1996, he studied planetary tectonics as a NASA-funded postdoctoral fellow at Southern Methodist University. In 1996, he returned to UL-Lafayette, where he was awarded in 1997 the Hensarling-Chapman Endowed Professorship in Geology. He began independent consulting activities in 1991, and in 2001, he left academia for full-time consulting for clients ranging from one-man shops to supermajors. He rejoined UL-Lafayette as an adjunct professor from 2011 - 2018. He is an active researcher, receiving several million dollars in grants from federal, state, and industry sources, presenting numerous talks, including a 2019 AAPG Levorsen award, and publishing on a diversity of geoscience topics, including a Grover E. Murray Best Published Paper award in 2017. He is co-author of the inaugural GCAGS/GCSSEPM Transactions Best Student Paper award in 2018. He served as the GCAGS Publisher since 2006 and in various GCAGS/GCSSEPM Transactions editing capacities since 2006, including the 2014 and 2017 - 2022 Editor (named Permanent Transactions Editor in 2017), and Managing Editor since 2011, receiving a GCAGS Distinguished Service Award in 2018. He served as the General Chair for GeoGulf 2020 (70th GCAGS/GCSSEPM Convention), the 1st hybrid geoscience conference in the world. He is a Past President of the Lafayette Geological Society and served as its Editor and Publisher from 2002 - 2018. In 2018, he founded the Willis School of Applied Geoscience, reformulating decades of industry-training experience to provide alternative opportunities for graduate-level education. In 2020, he received an Honorary Membership from GCSSEPM. He also joined the LSU faculty as an adjunct professor in 2020. In 2021, he co-founded the Society of Applied Geoscientists and Engineers, serving as its President, General Chair for the SAGE 2022 Convention & Exposition, and Vice-Chair for the Benghazi International Geoscience & Engineering Conference 2022 (BIGEC 2022). POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

The main subject areas of the course are: the properties of asbestos and health effects of exposure to asbestos fibres an introduction to regulatory requirements types of asbestos and its uses in buildings types of asbestos surveys the asbestos register, risk assessment and management plan asbestos remediation

Essential 5G training course description This course is designed to give delegates an explanation of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. It is not a definitive set of descriptions but a possibility of the final deployment. we will investigate the 10 pillars for 5G which will include various Radio Access Technologies that are required to interwork smoothly. We will look at the 4G Pro features and other RATs. What will you learn List the ten pillars of 5G deployment. Describe the 5G Internet. Explain virtualization and RAT virtulization. Describe Software Defined Networks (SDN). Explain carrier aggregation. Describe the mobile cloud. Explain an overall picture of 5G architecture. Essential 5G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone looking for an understanding of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Essential 5G training course contents Drivers for 5G 5G Road Map, 10 Pillars of 5G, evolving RATs, oSON, MTCm, mm-wave, backhaul, EE, new spectrum, spectrum sharing, RAN virtualisation. 4G LTE Advanced MIMO technology in release 8, Downlink & uplink MIMO R8, MIMO technology in LTE advanced, Downlink 8-layer SU-MIMO, Downlink MU-MIMO, Uplink MU-MIMO, Uplink transmit diversity, Coordinated multi-point operation (CoMP), Independent eNB & remote base station configurations, Downlink CoMP. ICIC & eICIC ICIC, Homogeneous to heterogeneous network evolution, Introduction to eICIC, Macro-pico scenario, Macro-femto scenario, Time orthogonal frequencies. Almost Blank Subframe (ABS). Carrier aggregation Component carriers (CC), CC aggregation deployments, Intra-band contiguous solutions, Intra-band non-contiguous solutions, Inter-band non-contiguous solutions, CA bandwidth classes, Aggregated transmission bandwidth configurations (ATBC), Possible carrier aggregation configs. eIMTA TDD UL-DL reconfig. for traffic adaptation, Reconfig. mechanisms, Interference mitigation schemes, Dynamic & flexible resource allocation. 5G architectures 5G in Europe, horizon 2020 framework, 5G infrastructure PPP, METIS project, 5G in North America, academy research, company R&D, 5G specifications. The 5G internet High-level view of Cloud Services, The Internet of Things & context awareness, Network reconfiguration & virtualization support, server proliferation, how VMs fix underutilised server problem, enter the hypervisor, why are VM such a big deal? SDN, evolution of the data centre network, high availability, low latency, scalability, security, cost model explodes, service-oriented API. OpenFlow switches, OpenFlow controllers, how SDN works. The big picture, pulling it all together, why the network had to change, how SDN & NFV tie together. Evolutionary approach to the internet, architectures for distributed mobility management, MEDIEVAL & MEDIVO projects, a clean slate approach, mobility first architecture. VNet, INM, NetInf, ForMux, MEEM. Generic Path (GP) & anchorless mobility (AM), Quality of Service support, network resource provisioning, resourcing inside a network. IntServ, RSVP, DiffServ, CoS. Emerging approach for resource over- provisioning, example use case architecture for scalable resource control scenarios in the 5G internet. Integrating SDN/NFV for efficient resource over-reservation control, control information repository, service admission control policies, network resource provisioning, control enforcement functions, network configurations & operations. Small cells for 5G Average spectral efficiency evolution, WiFi & Femto cells, Capacity limits. Achievable gains with densifications, multi-antenna techniques, small cells. Mobile data demand, approach & methodology, subscriber density and traffic demand projections to 2020. Demand versus capacity, global mobile data traffic increase modelling, country level backhaul traffic projections, Small cell challenges, backhaul, spectrum, automation. Cooperation for next gen wireless networks Diversity & relaying strategies, cooperation & network coding, ARQ & MAC protocols, NCCARQ & PRCSMA packet exchange, Physical layer impact on MAC protocol analysis, NCCARQ overview, PHY layer impact, Case study on NCCARQ. Mobile clouds Mobile cloud, Mobile cloud enablers, mobile user domain, wireless technologies, WWAN WLAN and WPAN range, Bluetooth, IEEE.802.15.4 & software stacks, infrared, near field communications (NFC). Network coding, store & forward vs compute & forward, linear network coding, random linear coding. Security for 5G communications Potential 5G communication systems architectures, Security issues & challenges. Mobile malware attacks targeting the UE, 5G mobile botnets, access networks, attacks on 4G networks, C-RNTI & packet sequence number based UE location tracking, false buffer status reports attacks, message insertion attacks, HeNB attacks, physical attacks, credential attacks, configuration and protocol attacks, attacks on MON, user data & identity attacks, mobile operator's core network, DDoS attacks targeting MON, signalling amplification, HSS saturation, external IP networks.