604 Courses in London

Complete JavaScript training course description A hands on course covering JavaScript programming. Core JavaScript is covered first, including the basics, arrays, functions, classes, modules and Regular expressions. Client side JavaScript is then covered including JavaScript in browsers, Scripting CSS, the jQuery library and HTML APIs. What will you learn Read JavaScript. Write JavaScript. Debug JavaScript. Complete JavaScript training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to learn JavaScript. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Complete JavaScript training course contents CORE JAVASCRIPT Lexical structure: Character set, comments, literals, identifiers, and reserved words, optional semicolons.. Types, values and variables: Numbers, text, boolean values, null and undefines, the global object, wrapper objects, immutable primitive values and mutable object references, type conversions, variable declaration, variable scope. Expressions and operators: Primary expressions, object and array initializers, function definition expressions, property access expressions, invocation expressions, object creation expressions, operator overview, arithmetic expressions, relational expressions, logical expressions, assignment expressions, evaluation expressions, miscellaneous operators. Statements: Expression statements, compound and empty statements, declaration statements, conditionals, loops, jumps, miscellaneous statements, summary of JavaScript statements. Objects: Creating objects, querying and setting properties, deleting properties, testing properties, enumerating properties, property getters and setters, property attributes, object attributes, serializing objects, object methods. Arrays: Creating arrays, reading and writing array elements, sparse arrays, array length, adding and deleting array elements, iterating arrays, multi-dimensional arrays, array methods, FCMAScript 5 array methods, array type, array-like objects, strings as arrays. Functions: Defining functions, invoking functions, function arguments and parameters, functions as values, functions as namespaces, closures, function properties, methods and constructor, functional programming. Classes and modules: Classes and prototypes, classes and constructors, Java-style classes in JavaScript, augmenting classes, classes and types, object oriented techniques in JavaScript, subclasses, classes in ECMAScript 5, modules. Pattern matching and regular expressions: Defining regular expressions, string methods for pattern matching, the RegExp object. JavaScript subsets and extensions: JavaScript subsets, constants and scoped variables, destructuring assignment, iteration, shorthand functions, multiple catch clauses, E4X: ECMAScript for XML. Server-side JavaScript: Scripting Java with Rhino, asynchronous I/O with node. CLIENT SIDE JAVASCRIPT JavaScript in web browsers: Client side JavaScript, embedding JavaScript in HTML, execution of JavaScript programs, compatibility and interoperability, accessibility, security, client side frameworks. The Window object: Timers, browser location and navigation, browsing history, browser screen information, dialog boxes, error handling, document elements as window properties, multiple windows and frames. Scripting Documents: Overview of the DOM, selecting document elements, document structure and traversal, attributes, element content, creating, inserting and deleting nodes. Example: generating a table of contents, document and element geometry and scrolling, HTML forms, other document features. Scripting CSS: Overview of CSS, important CSS properties, scripting inline styles, querying computed styles, scripting CSS classes, scripting stylesheets. Handling events: Types of events, registering event handlers, event handler invocation, document load events, mouse events, mousewheel events, drag and drop events, text events, keyboard events. Scripted HTTP: Using XMLHttpRequest, HTTP by <script>: JSOMP, Comet with server-sent events. The jQuery library: jQuery basics, jQuery getters and setters, altering document structure, handling events with jQuery, Animated effects, Ajax with jQuery, Utility functions, jQuery selectors and selection methods, Extending jQuery with plug-ins. The jQuery UI library. Client side storage: localStorage and sessionStorage, Cookies, IE usingData persistence, Applicatioin storage and offline webapps. Scripted media and graphics: Scripting images, Scripting audio and video, SCG:scalable vector graphics, Graphics in a <canvas>. Scripted HTTP: Using XMLHttpRequest, HTTP by <script>: JSOMP, Comet with server-sent events. The jQuery library: jQuery basics, jQuery getters and setters, altering document structure, handling events with jQuery, Animated effects, Ajax with jQuery, Utility functions, jQuery selectors and selection methods, Extending jQuery with plug-ins. The jQuery UI library. Client side storage: localStorage and sessionStorage, Cookies, IE usingData persistence, Applicatioin storage and offline webapps. Scripted media and graphics: Scripting images, Scripting audio and video, SCG:scalable vector graphics, Graphics in a <canvas>. HTMLS APIs: Geolocation, history management, cross-origin messaging, web workers, type arrays and ArrayBuffers, blobs, the filesystem API, client side databases, web sockets.

About this Course This 5 full-day course presents the most modern statistical and mathematical forecasting frameworks used by practitioners to tackle the load forecasting problem across short time and long time scales. The course presents practical applications to solving forecasting challenges, supported by real life examples from large control areas. It presents the weather impacts on the load forecasts and the methodologies employed to quantify the weather effect and building a repository of weather normal data. A good load forecast methodology must improve its forecasting accuracy and support a consistent load forecasting process. The load forecasting widely used in the power industry has evolved significantly with the advancement and adoption of Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Machine Learning. With the increased penetration of inverter-based resources, the operation of electric grids grew in complexity, leading to load forecasts that are updated more frequently than once a day. Furthermore, several jurisdictions adopted a smaller granularity than the hourly load forecasts in the effort to reduce the forecasting uncertainties. On the generation side, fuel forecasting professionals must meet energy requirements while making allowance for the uncertainty on both the demand and the supply side. This training course will also feature a guest speaker, who is a Ph.D candidate to provide insights into the most modern aspects of Artificial Intelligence in the context of load forecasting. Training Objectives This course offers a comprehensive approach to all aspects of load forecasting: Gain a perspective of load forecasting from both operators in the generating plant and system operators. Understand and review the advanced load forecasting concepts and forecasting methodologies Learn the application of Artificial Neural Networks and Probabilistic Forecasting methods to manage forecasting uncertainties in short time frames Appreciate market segmentation and econometric framework for long term forecasts Find out the most recent practical application of load forecasting as examples from large power companies Get access to recent industry reports and developments Target Audience Energy load forecasting professionals from power plant and system operators Energy planners and energy outlook forecasters and plant operators Fuel procurement professionals Planners and schedulers of thermal generating units Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course instructor is a Utility Executive with extensive global experience in power system operation and planning, energy markets, enterprise risk and regulatory oversight. She consults on energy markets integrating renewable resources from planning to operation. She led complex projects in operations and conducted long term planning studies to support planning and operational reliability standards. Specializing in Smart Grids, Operational flexibilities, Renewable generation, Reliability, Financial Engineering, Energy Markets and Power System Integration, she was recently engaged by the Inter-American Development Bank/MHI in Guyana. She was the Operations Expert in the regulatory assessment in Oman. She is a registered member of the Professional Engineers of Ontario, Canada. She is also a contributing member to the IEEE Standards Association, WG Blockchain P2418.5. With over 25 years with Ontario Power Generation (Revenue $1.2 Billion CAD, I/S 16 GW), she served as Canadian representative in CIGRE, committee member in NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada), and Senior Member IEEE and Elsevier since the 90ties. Our key expert chaired international conferences, lectured on several continents, published a book on Reliability and Security of Nuclear Power Plants, contributed to IEEE and PMAPS and published in the Ontario Journal for Public Policy, Canada. She delivered seminars organized by the Power Engineering Society, IEEE plus seminars to power companies worldwide, including Oman, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Portugal, South Africa, Japan, Romania, and Guyana. Our Key expert delivered over 60 specialized seminars to executives and engineers from Canada, Europe, South and North America, Middle East, South East Asia and Japan. Few examples are: Modern Power System in Digital Utilities - The Energy Commission, Malaysia and utilities in the Middle East, GCCIA, June 2020 Assessment of OETC Control Centre, Oman, December 2019 Demand Side management, Load Forecasting in a Smart Grid, Oman, 2019 Renewable Resources in a Smart Grid (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, GCCIA, Saudi Arabia) The Modern Power System: Impact of the Power Electronics on the Power System The Digital Utility, AI and Blockchain Smart Grid and Reliability of Distribution Systems, Cyme, Montreal, Canada Economic Dispatch in the context of an Energy Market (TNB, Sarawak Energy, Malaysia) Energy Markets, Risk Assessment and Financial Management, PES, IEEE: Chicago, San Francisco, New York, Portugal, South Africa, Japan. Provided training at CEO and CRO level. Enterprise Risk methodology, EDP, Portugal Energy Markets: Saudi Electricity Company, Tenaga National Berhad, Malaysia Reliability Centre Maintenance (South East Asia, Saudi Electricity Company, KSA) EUSN, ENERGY & UTILITIES SECTOR NETWORK, Government of Canada, 2016 Connected+, IOT, Toronto, Canada September 2016 and 2015 Smart Grid, Smart Home HomeConnect, Toronto, Canada November 2014 Wind Power: a Cautionary Tale, Ontario Centre for Public Policy, 2010 POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

If you have at least 5 years working experience and you would like to attain Gold Card status via the Experienced Worker route by joining the City & Guilds 2346 NVQ Level 3, you will also need to hold the below two pre-requisite qualifications: City & Guilds 2391-52 Inspection and Testing Course C&G 2382-22 BS7671 18th Edition

Payroll courses in London | Online Courses | Distance Learning Course Overview: Broken down into practical modules this course is a very popular and well-received introduction to moving from manual payroll to computerised payroll, and it incorporates all the new government requirements for RTI reporting Payroll is a vital role within any organisation. A career in payroll means specialising in a niche field with excellent progression opportunities. What support is available? Free high-quality course materials Tutorial support Highly equipped IT lab Student Discount with NUS card Exam fees and exam booking service Personalised individual study plan Specialist Career Management service State of the Art Virtual Learning Campus Free Sage Payroll Software Duration 6 Weeks Study Options Classroom Based - Osborne Training offers Daytime and Weekend sessions for Payroll Training Course from London campus. Online Live - Osborne Training offers Live Online sessions for Sage Payroll Training Classes through the Virtual Learning Campus. Distance Learning - Self Study with Study Material and access to Online study Material through Virtual Learning Campus. Benefits for Trainees Sage Payroll Qualifications open new doors to exciting careers, as well as extending payroll skills if you are currently employed. State of the Art Virtual Learning Campus Start your own payroll bureau Work in small businesses A payroll career can lead to great things Update your knowledge of Sage payroll Improve your employability prospects A career path into payroll Ideal Continuing Professional Development course Gain a qualification to boost your CV Option to gain IAB accredited qualification Start your training immediately without having to wait for the new term to begin Certification You will receive a certificate from Osborne Training once you finish the course. You have an option to get an IAB Certificate subject to passing the IAB exam or Sage certified exam. Syllabus Advanced processing of the payroll for employees Preparation and use of period end HMRC forms and returns preparation of internal reports Maintaining accuracy, security and data integrity in performing payroll tasks. Deductions - Pension schemes and pension contributions Processing the payroll -complex income tax issues Processing Payroll Giving Scheme Processing Statutory Adoption Pay (SAP) Advanced Income tax implications for company pension schemes Student Loan repayments Processing Holiday Payments Processing Car Benefit on to the Payroll System Attachment of Earnings Orders & Deductions from Earnings Orders Leavers with complex issues Advanced processing of statutory additions and deductions Recovery of statutory additions payments - from HMRC Completing the processing of the payroll Complex Reports and payments due to HMRC Introduction to Auto-enrolment Cost Centre Analysis Advanced, routine and complex payroll tasks Calculation of complex gross pay

Course Objectives At the end of this course you will be able to: Record and edit a Macro Assign macros to keyboard shortcuts, Quick Access Toolbar, Buttons and Shape objects. Use the Visual Basic Editor; change the properties of an object; add a module to a project; write the code for a procedure and then run it; and use the Object Browser to search procedures Manipulate data by declaring variables of different data types; combine data by using expressions; use functions to accept input and display output; and declare variables and procedures with the appropriate scope Use decision structures to create procedures that make decisions; and use loop structures to perform repetitive tasks Create an error handling routine in case things go wrong with VBA code ' 1 year email support service Take a closer look at the consistent excellent feedback from our growing corporate clients visiting our site ms-officetraining co uk Customer Feedback Best Training Ever! Just finished a bespoke 1-1 training course in Excel Advanced, Macros & VBA. Pedro is an excellent trainer, imparting his skills and knowledge in the best way - appropriately to audience skills, knowledge and ability. Pedro is always approachable, encouraging and supportive, giving delegates the optimum learning environment. I would not hesitate to recommend Pedro as a trainer, whatever your level of ability. Amanda Morris - Treasury & Systems Accountant at Reall - Real Equity for All The trainer was very knowledgeable, kept everyone involved and was enthusiastic. A great experience.. Simon Harper - Lloyd's of London My learning experience was awesome. Perdinand Reagan - Subsea7 Very nice and relaxed approach to teaching. Was definitely a good learning experience. Jerome Pupe - S5 Agency World The Trainer – Very positive + patient + helpful + thorough Agnes Souza - Direct Wines ' With more than 20 years experience, we deliver courses on all levels of the Desktop version of Microsoft Office and Office 365; ranging from Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced to the VBA level. Our trainers are Microsoft certified professionals with a proven track record with several years experience in delivering public, one to one, tailored and bespoke courses. Our competitive rates start from £550.00 per day of training Tailored training courses: You can choose to run the course exactly as they are outlined by us or we can customise it so that it meets your specific needs. A tailored or bespoke course will follow the standard outline but may be adapted to your specific organisational needs. Introduction to Macros and VBA Introducing Visual Basic for Applications Recording a Macro Naming conventions for Macro Procedures Running a Macro Absolute or Relative Cell Referencing Saving and Opening Files with Macros Making macros always available Adding Macros to Keyboard Shortcuts, Quick Access Toolbar, Buttons and Shapes Editing a Macro in the Visual Basic Editor Understanding the Development Environment Customising the Editor Tips for General Typing in VBA Using Visual Basic Help Working with Procedures Program Design Understanding Modules Naming Rules Creating a Module Understanding Procedures Programming Macro Concepts Creating a Subroutine Creating a Function Understanding Arguments Exiting Procedures Calling Procedures Objects, Properties, Methods and Events Understanding Objects Properties, Methods, and Events Navigating the Object Hierarchy Understanding Collections Accessing a Member of a Collection Understanding Hierarchy Using the Object Browser Using the With Statement Working with Properties Working with Methods Creating an Event Procedure Reserved Macro Names Using Expressions, Variables and Intrinsic Functions Understanding Expressions and Statements Declaring Variables Understanding Data Types Determining the Value of Variables Working with Variable Scope Using Built-in VBA Functions Understanding Constants Using Message Boxes Controlling the Answer to a Message Box Using Input Boxes Declaring and Using Object Variables Controlling Program Execution Understanding Control-of-Flow Structures Using the If...End If Decision Structures Nested If Statements Using the Select Case ... End Select Structure Using the Do ... Loop Structure Using the For ... Next Structure Using the For Each ... Next Structure Guidelines for Use of Control-of-Flow Structures Debugging and Handling Errors Understanding Errors Using Debugging Tools Setting Breakpoints and Using Break Mode Stepping Through Code Trapping Errors with the On Error Statement Understanding the Err Object Working with Inline Error Handling Writing an Error-Handling Routine Working with Forms and Controls Understanding UserForms Creating a Form Displaying and Removing a Form Aligning and Sizing Controls Using the Toolbox Working with a Form's Properties, Methods, and Events Working with Form and Control Properties, Methods and Event Setting the Tab Order Populating a Control Who is this course for? Who is this course for? This course is designed to give proficiency in the Visual Basic Editor (VBE), predominantly making use of Excel objects, understanding Object's Properties, Events and Methods, basic VBA Object oriented programming, event handling, control structures, and debugging tools. Requirements Requirements Preferably, delegates should have attended the Excel Advanced course. Certificates Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included

IP security training course description Connection to the Internet is becoming an essential business tool. This course looks at firewalls, digital certificates, encryption and other essential topics for e-commerce sites. A generic course that looks at firewalls and VPNs. Hands on sessions include using hacking tools and configuring firewalls. What will you learn Describe: Basic security attacks RADIUS SSL IPSec VPNs Implement digital certificates Deploy firewalls to protect Web servers and users. Secure Web servers and clients. IP security training course details Who will benefit: Network administrators. Network operators. Security auditors Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 2 days IP security training course contents TCP/IP review Brief overview of the relevant headers. Hands on Download software for course, use analyser to capture passwords on the wire. Security review Policies, Types of security breach, denial of service, data manipulation, data theft, data destruction, security checklists, incident response. Security exploits The Internet worm, IP spoofing, SYN attack, hijacking, Ping o' Death… keeping up to date with new threats. Hands on Use a port scanning tool, use a 'hacking' tool. Firewalls Products, Packet filtering, DMZ, content filtering, stateful packet inspection, Proxies, firewall architectures, Intrusion Detection Systems, Viruses. Hands on Set up a firewall and prevent attacks. NAT NAT and PAT, Why use NAT, NAT-ALG, RSIP. Encryption Encryption keys, Encryption strengths, Secret key vs Public key, algorithms, systems, SSL, SSH, Public Key Infrastructures. Hands on Run a password-cracking program. Authentication Types of authentication, Securid, Biometrics, PGP, Digital certificates, X.509 v3, Certificate authorities, CRLs, PPP authentication, RADIUS. Hands on Using certificates. Web client and server security Cookies, browser certificates, censorship, PICS. Operating system security, Web server user authentication, Restricting access, Logging, Securing CGI scripts. Hands on Browser security. VPNs and IPSec What is a VPN, tunnelling, L2F, PPTP, L2TP, IPSec, AH, ESP, transport mode, tunnel mode.

Our foundation lip filler course is designed for learners wanting to enter the industry at a beginner level and specialise in lip augmentation. Our goal at the Cosmetic College is to deliver the highest quality training in dermal fillers using the safest and most up-to-date techniques. Our courses are carried out in small groups; This enables us to provide you with a training programme tailored to your needs, with more time and emphasis on the hands-on practical sessions. Course Prerequisites This course is suitable for those with or without a medical background. It is designed to provide the student with the ability to seek employment or start their own business upon qualification. At a minimum, students will be required to be qualified at least one of the following: Medically qualified as a nurse, doctor or dentist with current registration with the NMC, GMC or GDC. NVQ Level 3 in Beauty Therapy, ITEC or HND 12 months of needling experience 6 Months micropigmentation experience and Anatomy & Physiology Level 3 Please note that if your qualification does not appear above, we offer a fast track access course for those completely new to the industry.  Course Pre Study 40 hours of E-learning A series of online assessments 2 Days of Practical training Anatomy and physiology of the face Infection control Sharps and hazardous waste training First aid and anaphylaxis training Introduction to dermal filler injection techniques Elective and emergency dissolving Injection techniques practice Danger zones training Vessels, muscles, fat pads workshop Professional live demonstrations Legal requirements, obtaining consent with consultation techniques and documentation Practical training Clinical setup procedures Areas CoveredLips Professional KitDermal filler (Used for training) Numbing creamMassage gelChlorhexidine pre-injection wipesSterile treatment packsGlovesSurgical face masksSkin marker pencilsIce packConsultation forms

Scrum Product Owner Exam Prep This workshop prepares you for the Scrum.org PSPO™ I certification. A voucher for the exam and the access information you will need to take the exam will be provided to you via email after you have completed the course. NOTE: If you have participated in any of IIL's other Scrum workshops, you can bypass this program and focus on reading/studying the Scrum Guide and taking practice exams from Scrum.org The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team. The Product Owner must be knowledgeable, available, and empowered to make decisions quickly in order for an Agile project to be successful. The Product Owner's key accountability is the Product Backlog. Managing, maintaining, and evolving the Product Backlog involves: Establishing a clear vision that engages the Development Team and stakeholders Clearly expressing Product Backlog items Ordering the items in the Product Backlog to best achieve the vision and goals Ensuring that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all Working with the Development Team throughout the project to create a product that fits the customer's need What you will Learn You'll learn how to: Successfully prepare for the Scrum.org PSPO I exam Identify the characteristics of a successful Product Owner Create a powerful vision statement Apply techniques to understand your customers and the market Manage and engage stakeholders Write effective user stories with acceptance criteria Utilize techniques to visualize and prioritize the Product Backlog Participate in the 5 Scrum events as the Product Owner Understand the Product Owner's role in closing a Scrum project Getting Started Introductions Workshop orientation Exam prep preview Fundamentals Recap Agile Manifesto, values, and mindset Product Owner characteristics Good vs. great Product Owner Product Ownership Product ownership Project vision Understand your customers and market Personas Stakeholder management and engagement The Product Backlog User Stories and Acceptance Criteria Preparing User Stories for a Sprint The Product Backlog Visualizing the Product Backlog Product Backlog Prioritization Technical Debt Sprint Planning and Daily Standups Sprint Planning Planning Poker Team Engagement Daily Standups Sprint Review, Retrospectives, and Closing Sprint Reviews Key Agile Patterns Retrospectives Closing the Project

Scrum Product Owner Exam Prep: In-House Training This workshop prepares you for the Scrum.org PSPO™ I certification. A voucher for the exam and the access information you will need to take the exam will be provided to you via email after you have completed the course. NOTE: If you have participated in any of IIL's other Scrum workshops, you can bypass this program and focus on reading/studying the Scrum Guide and taking practice exams from Scrum.org The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team. The Product Owner must be knowledgeable, available, and empowered to make decisions quickly in order for an Agile project to be successful. The Product Owner's key accountability is the Product Backlog. Managing, maintaining, and evolving the Product Backlog involves: Establishing a clear vision that engages the Development Team and stakeholders Clearly expressing Product Backlog items Ordering the items in the Product Backlog to best achieve the vision and goals Ensuring that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all Working with the Development Team throughout the project to create a product that fits the customer's need What you will Learn You'll learn how to: Successfully prepare for the Scrum.org PSPO I exam Identify the characteristics of a successful Product Owner Create a powerful vision statement Apply techniques to understand your customers and the market Manage and engage stakeholders Write effective user stories with acceptance criteria Utilize techniques to visualize and prioritize the Product Backlog Participate in the 5 Scrum events as the Product Owner Understand the Product Owner's role in closing a Scrum project Getting Started Introductions Workshop orientation Exam prep preview Fundamentals Recap Agile Manifesto, values, and mindset Product Owner characteristics Good vs. great Product Owner Product Ownership Product ownership Project vision Understand your customers and market Personas Stakeholder management and engagement The Product Backlog User Stories and Acceptance Criteria Preparing User Stories for a Sprint The Product Backlog Visualizing the Product Backlog Product Backlog Prioritization Technical Debt Sprint Planning and Daily Standups Sprint Planning Planning Poker Team Engagement Daily Standups Sprint Review, Retrospectives, and Closing Sprint Reviews Key Agile Patterns Retrospectives Closing the Project

DWDM training course description A concise overview of Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) with both Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) being covered. The course starts with a review of the relevant elements of fibre transmission and multiplexing before then studying WDM components and architectures. Reliability, resilience and management are then followed by WDM services and futures. What will you learn Explain the benefits of WDM. Describe Dispersion and four way mixing. Describe the different WDM equipment components. Describe different WDM architectures. Explain How DWDM works. DWDM training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with CWDM/DWDM. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days DWDM training course contents Fibre communications review Optical transmission, Fibre characteristics, Fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. CWDM ITU G.694.2, channels, channel spacing. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channels, channel spacing. WDM Equipment Components Equipment components and building blocks. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. WDM/DWDM Hubs. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Types of Cross Connects (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. WDM Architectures WDM network sections. Point-to-Point, Optical switches, mesh, ring and star topology. Example of combined WDM and other technology network. Wavelength converting transponders, 1R, 2R, 3R. Protection for WDM Sub 50ms failover. Equipment protection. Card protection. Y cable, Splitter protection. Far end laser control. Line protection. OMSP 1+1, OMSP 1:1, OMSP 1: N. Self healing optical ring. Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP). Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON). WDM Management Options In band management. Out of band management. The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC). OSC capabilities. WDM services WDM Access. Bit rates, Transparent Networks. Modulation, DQPSK. SDH over WDM. Migrating from SDH to DWDM. Ethernet over WDM, IP over WDM. Optical Transport Networks G.709, 'digital wrapper', Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU), Optical Channel Transport Unit ( OTU), Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU). OTU1, OTU2, OTU3, OTU4. WDM Futures All optical amplification, Raman amplification, distributed, lumped. Bit rates. Solitons. Coherent technologies.