228 Courses in Birmingham

Join a Biodiversity collage workshop to learn about the biodiversity crisis and how to tackle it.

About this training Mature fields differ from green field developments in that major infrastructure is in place, static reservoir data has accumulated from development drilling and a growing volume of production and processing performance data has become available. Decisions therefore relate to incremental projects, which may be small in scope and are often economically marginal. A firm understanding of the technical fundamentals associated with reservoir, wells and surface facilities is therefore required to make quality decisions in this environment, supported by realistic uncertainty ranges, and consistent application of incremental project economics and risk analysis. Various strategies may be considered to manage the mature asset, from harvest to divest, and the selected incremental activities should support a clear chosen strategy. Training Objectives Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to: Characterize the overall challenges associated with mature field developments Evaluate critical insights from subsurface data and apply this to modelling options and recovery methods Assess associated well data, typical late life issues and drilling and completion options for mature developments Manage the role of risk and uncertainty when making mature field development planning decisions Prepare a strategy and implementation plan Target Audience The course is intended for individuals who play a part in evaluating, screening and maturing oil and gas field development opportunities. The following personnel will benefit from the knowledge shared in this course: Petroleum engineers Geoscientist Facilities engineers Commercial staffs Reservoir engineer Production engineer Drilling engineer Project manager Asset manager Field engineer Exploration manager Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader, boasts nearly four decades of experience in the upstream oil & gas industry. He began his career in the back in 1982, spending 13 years with Shell International across several global locations. During his tenure, he served primarily as a reservoir engineer, contributing to exploration prospect evaluation, field development planning, corporate business planning, and drilling operations. Throughout his career, he has executed a diverse range of reservoir engineering projects for multiple UK and international firms, and has successfully led several PE study teams. Furthermore, he has continuously provided reservoir engineering and commercial training to oil company staff on a national and international scale. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

RFID training course description This training course focuses on the technologies used in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). What will you learn Describe the RFID architecture. Design RFID systems. Evaluate tag types. Recognise common RFID problems. RFID training course details Who will benefit: RFID technologists and system engineers. Prerequisites: RF fundamentals. Duration 2 days RFID training course contents What is RFID? Review of RF basics, what is RFID, RFID history, RFID base system architecture, frequency bands used by RFID, comparison with barcodes. RFID applications Supply chain, asset tracking, theft reduction, retail, access control, tolls. Tags Tag features, types of tag, passive and active, chips, read only, read write, affixing tags, selecting location to affix a tag, tag orientation and location, tag stacking, impact of rate of movement, tag data formats. Interrogators/readers Interrogation zones, interrogator types, antennas, read distance tests, multiple interrogators, synchronisation, dense interrogator environment issues. RFID peripherals. Standards and regulations Global regulatory requirements, regional regulatory requirements, ISO, ETSI, FCC, EPC, safety regulations/issues. Testing and troubleshooting Read rate problems, improperly tagged items, tag failure. RFID system design Antenna types, interference, antenna location and spacing, how many antennas? How many interrogators? tag types, grounding considerations, cabling, site diagrams.

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) Preventive and Predictive maintenance are not new concepts. Both have been used across industry all over the world and when done properly, can yield impressive results (cost reductions of 20% or greater and a leap forward in equipment reliability and performance are very achievable). However, for every company using these concepts effectively, there are many others who are not. This 8 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course has been derived from the Plant Performance Improvement Road Map developed by practitioners that guarantee the reliability of your operations. The VILT training focuses on how to improve profitability of any business by identifying the right maintenance strategy for any equipment. The aim of the VILT training is to help practitioners run programmes that will deliver real benefits as fast as possible with minimum zero wasted effort. The VILT training will also cover the core principles of Reliability Centred Maintenance, Total Productive Maintenance and Six Sigma and the increasingly important role of operations in achieving optimised asset performance. This is a certified course with the option of sitting for a short exam on the final day of the course to give participants the opportunity to gain a Certificate from petroEDGE and the Carcharodon Maintenance Academy. Training Objectives Master the critical skills by acquiring the following: An understanding of how maintenance can add profit The ability to develop improvement programmes that deliver maximum benefit in the shortest time A fundamental understanding of the principles of Preventive, Predictive and other maintenance types A practical understanding of the latest methods of solving problems at root cause level An appreciation of maintenance methodologies such as Reliability Centred Maintenance Strategies for ensuring your company gets value for money from your Contractors How to use the Maintenance Model of Excellence and Plant Performance Improvement Road Map Target Audience This VILT course has been designed for maintenance managers and engineers, reliability professionals, planners, project engineers, operations team members, and functional specialists. Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 8 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day. Course Duration: 8 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (32 hours in total). Trainer Your expert course leader is an award-winning consultant and trainer with 30 years' experience in maintenance and reliability improvement. He has worked across five continents, in a wide variety of environments from the world's largest oil refinery to a small drinks production line. He has 10 years of maintenance management experience in the process industry, so he brings a very practical approach to training. He moved into consulting with ABB Eutech as their global maintenance specialist where he led maintenance and reliability best practice panels, delivered a wide range of maintenance improvement projects and trained other consultants. He is a fully qualified CMRP professional, an approved SMRP* Proctor, authorised to conduct CMRP exams and a globally respected maintenance consultant and best practice trainer. He founded his consultancy and training business in 2002 to focus on maintenance and reliability improvement. As part of this, he developed a range of maintenance 'models of excellence' with inputs from authors, international lecturers and some of the world's leading consultants and operators. His work has been recognised as being at the leading edge of industry best practice, winning independent awards such as the UK Chemical Industries Association 'Excellence in Engineering' award. He remains close to the industry as a respected specialist helping operating companies to achieve changes in performance. This ongoing field work enables him to continue to refine and extend best practice and the learning from this is continually fed into his training. His unique experience of facilitating two major turnarounds when the Coronavirus escalated into lockdown have given him a unique insight into how events of this type can disrupt maintenance. Moreover, his involvement in developing management processes and leading a Coronavirus response on a major industrial asset means he can talk with direct experience about how to cope and innovate in this global pandemic. *SMRP refers to Society of Maintenance and Reliability Professionals. PetroEdge is not affiliated with SMRP POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Concise Cisco routers course description A fast paced practical hands on introduction to Cisco routers concentrating on basic product knowledge needed for the real world. Starts with the basics of routing through configuring static routes, RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP ending with access lists. Hands on sessions follow all the major chapters with a major practical at the end to reinforce all that was learnt in the course. What will you learn Use the Cisco setup script. Use the Cisco command line. Perform basic troubleshooting. Configure - Interfaces - RIP, IGRP - OSPF, EIGRP Concise Cisco routers course details Who will benefit: Anyone who will be working with Cisco routers. In particular: Network Administrators, Field engineers, Network support personnel Prerequisites: None, although a knowledge of the TCP/IP protocols would be advantageous. Duration 3 days Concise Cisco routers course content Basics of routing What are routers? Network protocols, Routing protocols. The Cisco routers Router models, The IOS, DRAM, SRAM, NVRAM, Flash, ROM and boot flash. Getting started Accessing the router, installing a Cisco, using the setup script. The command line interface User and privilege modes, online help show, debug, basic troubleshooting Configuring Ciscos The configuration editor, Global, major and sub commands, enable, secret and other passwords, telnet. Miscellaneous exercises Buffered logging, web access, CDP… Subnetting IP addressing rules. The need for subnetting, subnet masks, Calculating network numbers. Configuring Interfaces Basics, Ethernet, Serial lines, PPP, DCE, loopback interfaces. Static routes Why use static routes? Configuring static routes, default routes. Configuring RIP and IGRP How they work, configuration, troubleshooting. OSPF Configuration and troubleshooting. EIGRP Configuration and troubleshooting. Housekeeping Configuration management, offline editing and TFTP usage. Cisco boot sequence, IOS upgrades. Bypassing Cisco passwords. Access lists What are access lists? General rules, basic and extended IP access lists. Putting it all together A series of exercises based around, installs, adds, moves, changes, upgrades and troubleshootin

IPv6 training course description IPv6 is the next generation Internet Protocol. This hands-on course looks at the benefits and features of the new protocol along with an assessment of the likely impact of the protocol and migration strategies. Practical exercises using PCs and routers follow the major sessions in order to reinforce the theory. What will you learn Configure PCs and routers for IPv6. Troubleshoot IPv6 networks. Analyse IPv6 packets. Plan migration strategies for IPv6. Integrate IPv6 and IPv4 networks. IPv6 training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in the field of networking. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation for engineers Duration 3 days IPv6 training course contents Introduction Reasons for IPv6, IPv4 weaknesses, what is IPv6? IPv4 solutions for solving address wastage, the origins of IPv6. hands on IPv6 on a PC, IPv6 on a router. IPv6 addressing IPv6 address allocation, address format, Prefixes but no masks, address categories, scope zones, aggregatable global unicast, link local, Unicast, Multicast, Anycast. Prefix delegation. hands on Link local addresses, manual address configuration, name resolution. Plug and play Plug and play addressing, ICMP neighbour discovery, router solicitation, DHCPv6, stateful autoconfiguration and stateless autoconfiguration. hands on Plug and play addresses and default gateways. The IPv6 header The IPv4 header, IPv6 header format, QoS, flow control, priority field, extension headers, hop by hop, destinations header, fragmentation header, security, IPsec, AH, ESP, TCP and UDP, ICMPv6. hands on IPv6 packet analysis. Migrating to IPv6 Overview, migration, dual stack, IPv4 compatible addresses, DNS, IPv6 DNS issues, AAAA records, IPv6 reverse delegation, DNS transport, protocol translators, NAT-PT, NAPT-PT, NAT64, DNS64, tunnelling, tunnel establishment, tunnel brokers, Tunnel types. hands on Dual stack operation, tunnelling, IPv6 name resolution. IPv6 routing IPv6 routing, RIPng packet format, RIPng for IPv6, OSPF for IPv6, MBGP, multiprotocol routing, MBGP and multicasts, MBGP and IPv6. hands on Base router setup for IPv6, IPv6 static routes, RIPng, OSPFv3. MBGP

About this Training Course Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has provided intercontinental mobility to natural gas, which now provides about 25% of the global primary energy. Being the cleanest fossil fuel, natural gas/LNG consumption is forecasted to grow in all future scenarios. With the entry of various players, including Trading companies, the LNG value chain is becoming increasingly complex, and a solid understanding of its economics and management of its interfaces have become crucial to identify and assess investment opportunities and risks. Recent market disturbances caused by COVID-19, Oil & Gas price instabilities - coupled with the political (Ukraine/Russia) challenges - make a deep understanding of LNG Value Chain Logistics and Economics even more essential to ensure the security of energy supplies sustainably and profitably. This intermediate level 3 full-day course starts with a concise introduction to the LNG business. Thereafter, the elements of the LNG value chain are described, and their individual economics analysed. A Business Activity Model along the value chain will be developed and discussed in depth, covering the following key processes: 'Buy Gas - Transport Gas - Liquefy Gas - Sell LNG/Products - Ship LNG - Regasify LNG' The integrated chain economics will then be developed and quantified. A hands-on group workshop/exercise developing the economic case of a full-sized Liquefaction project will be carried out, considering the forecasted cash flows throughout the project life, the location of the plant, its markets, project sensitivities and profitability assessment. Participants will be provided with Excel based tools/models (LNG Liquefaction project development Net Present Value (NPV) analyses, Shipping Freight Calculations and Economics) to work through the exercises and also for their future personal use. Training Objectives After the completion of this course, participants will be able to: Understand how the LNG Value Chain operates, bound by the relevant Contracts and Agreements. Learn the basic economic parameters (operating, capital costs, financing, profitability) of each major element of the value chain. Appreciate the complexity of the value chain, and the associated opportunities and risks. Develop quantitative project evaluation skills. Explore options to maximise profitability in a given LNG value chain. Discuss best practices on how to manage, steer and govern these activities. Target Audience Technical, Operational, Shipping, Commercial, Project and Governance professionals who are already active in a specific section of the LNG Value Chain will directly benefit in developing a wider and deeper perspective on how the LNG Value Chain operations and can be optimised. Managers (Technical, Financial, Legal and Governance) less familiar with the specifics of the LNG Industry will also benefit from attending this VILT course, as they will obtain the required background to be able to set sharper targets, suitable performance indicators, and governance and performance assessment guidelines for units engaged in the chain. The course is most relevant for professionals engaged in the LNG industry at: National and International Oil & Gas/Energy Companies LNG Importers/Exporters/Traders/Shippers Government & Regulatory Agencies Finance Institutions It will also apply to the following audience: Business Development Managers Corporate Planning Professionals Project Developers Supply Planners & Scheduling Professionals Regulators Tax & Finance Advisors Compliance Officers Equity Analyst and Bankers Joint Venture Representatives, Board Directors Negotiators and Contracting Staff Trading Professionals Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader is an Oil & Gas/LNG professional with more than 35 years of international experience, majority of which was gained at Shell International Joint Ventures engaged in Oil Refining, Supply / Trading, Gas Supply and LNG Businesses in the Netherlands, France, Thailand, Dominican Republic and Nigeria. Since 2004, he has had several roles in the management of the LNG Value Chain including the Commercial Operational Management of Nigeria LNG (NLNG). He played an active role in the start-up and integration of LNG trains 4, 5 and 6 with NLNG becoming the 3rd largest LNG producer in the world in 2007. Commercial operations spanned 4 Gas Supply, 11 LNG Sales & Purchase Agreements, ad-hoc LPG and Condensate Sales and LNG Ship Chartering contracts. Under his supervision, more than 2,000 LNG cargoes were exported. He was part of the organizational transformation of the company from a Project-based set-up to a Production / Commercial based structure and implemented an 'Integrated Planning and Scheduling Department' in which he optimized the value chain (Buy-Gas - Liquify Gas to LNG - Sell - Ship LNG). Staff competence management was one of his focus areas during this period. He was also the NLNG representative on JV Technical, Commercial, Shipping Committees where he interfaced with Government & Regulatory authorities. In 2014, he was appointed as Shell Shareholder representative to NLNG and became a Non-Executive Board member to NLNG companies, including Bonny Gas Transport (BGT) managing 24 LNG Ships. During this period, he was involved in the Economic and Technical steering of the Shipping Fleet and Liquefaction Plant Rejuvenation projects and a further capacity expansion of liquefaction plant which resulted in the achievement of NLNG train 7 project FID in 2019. Since 2016, he has been active as an independent consultant. He co-authored 2 patents and more than 30 published papers/presentations. He holds a PhD from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and a MSc and BSc in Chemical Engineering from the University of Birmingham, UK. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Definitive Segment Routing course description This Segment Routing (SR) training course is a comprehensive program designed to equip network professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to implement and manage SR in modern networking environments. Segment Routing is a cutting-edge network architecture that enhances network flexibility, scalability, and efficiency. This course offers in-depth coverage of SR principles, protocols, and practical implementation techniques. Hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer equipment. What will you learn Explain packet paths when implementing SLB. Explain how Segment Routing works. Explain the relationship between SR and MPLS. Use SR for Traffic Engineering. Troubleshoot Segment Routing. Implement TI-LFA using Segment Routing Definitive Segment Routing course details Who will benefit: This course is ideal for network engineers, architects, and administrators who want to stay up-to-date with the latest networking technologies and enhance their expertise in Segment Routing. Prerequisites: Concise MPLS for engineers Duration 3 days Definitive Segment Routing course contents Introduction to Segment Routing (SR) What is SR? Source based routing, SPRING, history, segments, why SR? SR benefits.SR usage: Traffic Engineering, Shortest path, local protection. Relationship between SR and MPLS, SRv6. Hands on Investigating the base network. Segment Routing architecture SR domains, SR paths, SR segments. Segment types. Segment IDs, combining segments, IGP extensions, control plane components. Hands on Configuring SR, exploring how SR works, Segment Routing protocols SR-MPLS. MPLS label stack operations. Segment Routing Global Block (SRGB). SRLB. IS-IS and OSPF extensions for SR. Prefix segments, adjacency segments. SRGB/IGP interactions. Multidomain SR policies. SPF, Strict SPF. Hands on Analysing IGP SR extension operation. Investigating the SRGB. Segment Routing Traffic Engineering RSVP-TE versus SR-TE. SR policies. Anycast and binding SIDs. SR flexible algorithm flex-algo, Performance measurement delay. Hands on Optimising network paths for various applications. SR integration with 'older' technologies MPLS and LDP integration with SR. Hands on Integration. Topology Independent Loop Free Alternative Classic LFA and IP/MPLS protection mechanisms. TI-LFA protection options. Hands on TI-LFA operation with SR and LDP traffic. Scenarios SDN. Managing SR with SR controllers. Analyse, optimise, automate. Network slicing. BGP peering segments Path Computation Elements, BGP Link State. BGP prefix segments, BGP peer segments. Egress peer engineering. SR enabled VPNs. Hands onBGP segment routing. Troubleshooting Segment Routing IP toolkit: ping and traceroute. MPLS toolkit: MPLS ping, MPLS echo request/reply, MPLS ping, MPLS traceroute and path discovery. Router show commands. Hands on Used throughout the course during exercises. SRv6 Note this is an optional extra day. See our one day SRv6 course for details. IPv6 headers review, routing headers, IPv6 segment, SRv6 segment Identifiers. IPv6 Segment Routing Header. SRH procedures. Hands on Configuring SRv6, Analysing SRv6 operation.

Total IP multicast training course description This training course provides an advanced three day hands on study of IP multicast technology focusing on architectures, applications and protocols. All aspects of IP multicasting are covered including PC, server and switch implementations. Design, configuration, support and troubleshooting are all covered in the course. Hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific implementations. What will you learn Design multicast networks. Explain how multicast networks work. Compare and contrast the different multicast routing protocols, such as DVMRP, PIM, MBGP and SSM. Configure PCs, servers, switches and routers for multicasting. Configure multicast routing protocols including: PIM Dense Mode. PIM Sparse Mode BGP SSM Troubleshoot multicast networks. Total IP multicast training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with IP multicasts. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation for engineers Duration 3 days Total IP multicast training course contents Introduction What is multicasting? Why multicast? Why not multicast? Multicasting vs. multiple unicasts, Multicasting vs. broadcasts, multicasting applications, the use of unicast addressing for setting up multicast applications, multicast use within standard protocols such as OSPF. hands on Example multicast applications. Addressing Layer two multicast addresses, Class D addresses, mapping layer 3 addresses onto layer 2 multicast addresses. Multicast addresses on NBMAs, scoping multicast traffic, Multicast address blocks, GLOP, IPv6 and multicasting, anycasting. hands on Multicast addressing. Multicast architectures Where the different protocols are used, PC to router, router to router, how switches can get involved. hands on Analysing multicast packets. PC to router Configuring Class D addresses, IGMP, packet formats, queries, reports, maintaining groups, enhancements to IGMP (v2 and v3), Leaving a group, querier elections, hands on Analysing IGMP packets. Switches and multicasting Controlling multicast traffic with switches, VLANS, static bridge table entries, IGMP snooping, CGMP. hands on Configuring switches for multicast environments. Router to router MOSPF, DVMRP, PIM Sparse Mode, PIM Dense Mode, MBGP. hands on Simple router configuration for multicasting. Theory behind multicast routing protocols Distribution trees, source distribution trees, shared trees, core based trees. Reverse path forwarding, Multicast routing protocol types. PIM DM: Flooding, pruning, PIM designated routers, hands on configuring PIM DM. PIM Sparse mode Rendevous points, discovering RPs, hands on Configuring PIM SM, using different protocols for different groups. PIM SM with one RP, using multiple RPs, Auto RP. MBGP Multiprotocol routing, how does MBGP work? How MBGP carries multiple protocol information, MBGP and multicasts, MBGP and IPv6. hands on Configuring MBGP for multicasts. Internet multicasting The internet, ISPs, the MBone, tunnelling, Inter domain multicasting, the role of MBGP, Inter domain problem, MSDP, MSDP operation SSM, PIM-SM and shared trees, SSM, PIM-SSM operation, SSM benefits. hands on MSDP configuration. SSM configuration.

Voice over LTE training course description This course provides a basic understanding of the 3G LTE Air Interface, SAE, as well as Voice over LTE options and LTE Advanced features. Investigating the standards for the EPS , formulated by the 3GPP standards body, the course will set out to examine and explain the 4G environment from user equipment to border gateway and beyond. This course will ensure the delegate has a grasp of all aspects of the current global deployments, the next steps in upgrades and the promise of things to come. What will you learn Describe the complete EPC architecture. Explain the use of QoS within the air interface & core network. Explore the features of LTE advanced. Describe the various methods of supporting voice services with 3G LTE. Describe IMS structure and control entities. Explain an IMS session. Voice over LTE training course details Who will benefit: Any engineers who are assisting in the deployment of voice services within their LTE networks. Prerequisites: Intro to Data comms & networking Telecommunications Introduction Duration 3 days Voice over LTE training course contents 3GPP standards body Release 8 - Release 12, Supported and expected features. The EPC revisited EPC revisited 3G LTE & EPC Architecture, NB, MME, SGW, PDNGW, PCRF, Interworking capabilities, Protocol stack explored, NAS signalling, Default EPS bearer, Slot allocation algorithms, Scheduling algorithms, Quality of Service requirements, Dedicated EPS bearers. VoLTE deployment strategies Common networks everywhere, GSM/WCDMA view, CDMA view. VoLTE system architecture LTE radio, LTE Radio background, LTE radio architecture, Evolved packet core, EPC entities & functions, EPS mobility management, MS entities, Home subscriber server, Policy & charging rules function. VoLTE functionality Radio functionality, Bearers & schedulers, Mobility, Circuit switched fall back handover, Mobility from 2G/3G back to LTE, Power Saving Features, Positioning services, UE radio access capabilities for VoLTE users. EPC functionalities, LTE subscriber identification, PDN connectivity establishment, EPS dedicated bearer setup, IMS identification, IP multimedia identification module, Public user identity, Private user identity, Relationship between public & private identity, identification of users device, identification of network entities, identification of services, identification without ISIM. IMS service provisioning, Enforcement of allowed services, Service triggering information, Selection of the AS, AS behaviour, Service provisioning in action. VoLTE end-to-end & signalling VoLTE subscription & device configuration. EPS attach for CSFB/IMS VoIP & default bearer. IMS registration, Constructing the REGISTER request, From UE to P-CSCF, From P-CSCF to I-CSCF, From I-CSCF to S-CSCF, S-CSCF challenges the UE, UE's response to the challenge, Registration at the S-CSCF, The 200 OK response, Third-party registration to application servers, Subscription to registration event package, Re-registration & re-authentication, De-registration, Related standards. IMS VoIP session, Constructing the INVITE request, Routing, Media negotiation, Media resource reservation & policy control, Charging, Session release. Voice continuity, PS - PS intersystem handover, Single radio voice call continuity. IMS emergency session, PDN Connection setup for emergency session, Emergency registration, Emergency session. CS fallback for EPS call case, Architecture of CS fallback in EPS, Description of SGs interface, Idle mode signalling reduction, Idle mode vs active mode, CS fallback attachment, Mobile originating call using CSFB, Mobile terminating call using CSFB, Call unrelated CSFB procedures, Mobile terminating roaming retry & forwarding. VoLTE Messaging, Native IMS messages, SMS interworking, Multimedia messaging service. Unstructured supplementary services data simulation in IMS. IMS services VoLTE radio performance Coverage, Latency, Capacity. LTE advanced features Carrier aggregation, Coordinated mMulti-point Operation (CoMP), ICIC & eICIC, Relay node deployment & donor eNBs, Improved cell edge coverage, Reduced control plane latency, Heterogeneous networks, HeNB, security gateways, HeNB gateways.