489 Engineer courses in Northfleet

Querying Microsoft SQL Server course description This course covers the technical skills required to write basic Transact-SQL queries for Microsoft SQL Server and provides the foundation for all SQL Server-related disciplines; namely, database administration, database development and business intelligence. This course helps prepare for exam 70-761. Note: This course is designed for SQL Server 2014or SQL Server 2016. What will you learn Write SELECT statements. Create and implement views and table-valued functions. Transform data by implementing pivot, unpivot, rollup and cube. Create and implement stored procedures. Add programming constructs such as variables, conditions, and loops to T-SQL code. Querying Microsoft SQL Server course details Who will benefit: Database administrators, database developers, and business intelligence professionals. SQL power users, namely, report writers, business analysts and client application developers. Prerequisites: Database fundamentals Duration 5 days Querying Microsoft SQL Server course contents Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server Management studio, creating and organizing T-SQL scripts, using books online. Hands on working with SQL Server tools. T-SQL querying Introducing T-SQL, sets, predicate logic, logical order of operations in SELECT statements, basic SELECT statements, queries that filter data using predicates, queries that sort data using ORDER BY. Hands on introduction to T-SQL querying. Writing SELECT queries Writing simple SELECT statements, eliminating duplicates with DISTINCT, column and table aliases, simple CASE expressions. Hands on writing basic SELECT statements. Querying multiple tables cross joins and self joins, write queries that use Inner joins, write queries that use multiple-table inner joins, write queries that use self-joins, write queries that use outer joins, write queries that use cross joins. Hands on querying multiple tables. Sorting and filtering data Sorting data, filtering data with predicates, filtering data with TOP and OFFSET-FETCH, working with unknown values, WHERE clause, ORDER BY clause, TOP option, OFFSET-FETCH clause. Hands on sorting and filtering data. SQL Server data types Introducing SQL Server data types, Character data, date and time data, queries that return date and time data, write queries that use date and time functions, write queries that return character data, write queries that return character functions. Hands on working with SQL Server data types. DML Adding data to tables, modifying and removing data, generating automatic column values, Inserting records with DML, updating and deleting records using DML. Hands on using DML to modify data. Built-in functions Queries with built-in functions, conversion functions, logical functions, functions with NULL, queries that use conversion functions, queries that use logical functions, queries that test for nullability. Hands on built-in functions Grouping and aggregating data Aggregate functions, the GROUP BY clause, filtering groups with HAVING, queries that use the GROUP BY clause, queries that use aggregate functions, queries that use distinct aggregate functions, queries that filter groups with the HAVING clause. Hands on grouping and aggregating data. Subqueries Self-contained subqueries, correlated subqueries, EXISTS predicate with subqueries, scalar and multi-result subqueries. Hands on subqueries. Table expressions Views, inline table-valued functions, derived tables, common table expressions. queries that use views, write queries that use derived tables, Common Table Expressions (CTEs), write queries that se inline Table valued expressions (TVFs). Hands on table expressions. Set operators The UNION operator, EXCEPT and INTERSECT, APPLY, queries that use UNION set operators and UNION ALL, CROSS APPLY and OUTER APPLY operators. Hands on set operators. Windows ranking, offset, and aggregate functions OVER, window functions, ranking functions, offset functions, window aggregate functions. Hands on; windows ranking, offset, and aggregate functions. Pivoting and grouping sets PIVOT and UNPIVOT, grouping sets, queries that use the PIVOT operator, queries that use the UNPIVOT operator, queries that use the GROUPING SETS CUBE and ROLLUP subclauses. Hands on pivoting and grouping sets Executing stored procedures Querying data with stored procedures, passing parameters to stored procedures, simple stored procedures, dynamic SQL, the EXECUTE statement to invoke stored procedures. Hands on executing stored procedures. Programming with T-SQL T-SQL programming elements, controlling program flow, declaring variables and delimiting batches, control-of-flow elements, variables in a dynamic SQL statement, synonyms. Hands on programming with T-SQL Error handling T-SQL error handling, structured exception handling, redirect errors with TRY/CATCH, THROW to pass an error message back to a client. Hands on implementing error handling. Implementing transactions Transactions and the database engines, controlling transactions, BEGIN, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, adding error handling to a CATCH block. Hands on implementing transactions.

Oracle Database 12c Admin training course description This Oracle Database 12c Administration course is designed to give the Oracle database administrator practical experience in administering, monitoring, tuning and troubleshooting an Oracle 12c database. Database administrators will gain an understanding of the architecture and processes of the Oracle database server. They will be able to ensure the integrity and availability of a company's data within the Oracle environment. They will be able to monitor the performance of the database, allocate resources with the Resource Manager and Schedule jobs. What will you learn Administer an Oracle database instance. Monitor an Oracle database. Configure the Oracle network environment. Create and manage database storage structures. Manage users, profiles, privileges and roles. Manage undo data and temporary segments. Monitor and resolve lock conflicts. Maintain database security. Implement database auditing. Monitor the performance of the Database. Load and unload data. Use the job scheduler. Configure a database for backup and recovery. Oracle Database 12c Admin training course details Who will benefit: This Oracle Database 12c Administration course is for anyone who needs to administer, monitor and support an Oracle 12c database. Prerequisites: An understanding of relational database concepts and good operating system knowledge. They should have attended the Oracle SQL course or have a good working knowledge of Oracle SQL. Knowledge of the usage of PL/SQL packages is highly recommended. Duration 5 days Oracle Database 12c Admin training course contents Introduction to Oracle database 12c Overview of the Oracle database 12c, Overview of the Oracle Cloud, Relational database concepts, database administration tasks. Oracle Database 12c Architecture Overview of the Oracle database architecture, The Oracle database instance, Oracle Database memory structures, Process architecture and structures, Server and client processes, The Oracle database storage architecture, Connect to the Oracle database instance. Administer a database instance Administrative tools available to a DBA, Use SQL*Plus in Oracle to manage a database instance, Use SQL Developer to manage a database instance, Administer the database using Enterprise Manager (EM), Overview of the Enterprise Manager framework, Access Enterprise Manager Database Express, The Enterprise Manager Database Express Home Page, Enterprise Manager Cloud Control, Initialization parameter files. Configure the Oracle network environment Overview of network configuration, Oracle Net Listener configuration and management, Oracle Net naming methods, Tools for configuring and managing the Oracle network, Using the Net Configuration Assistant, Configure client connections with Net Manager, View listener configuration, Start and stop the Oracle listener, Use TNSPING to test Oracle Net connectivity, Connect to the database, Configure Net Services with Enterprise Manager. Storage Structures Overview of data storage, The database block, Overview of tablespaces and datafiles, Use Enterprise Manager to view the storage structure of the database, Create and alter tablespace commands, Temporary tablespaces, Create and manage datafiles, Use OMF, Drop tablespaces and datafiles. Manage users Predefined database administration accounts, User accounts, Create a user account, User authentication, Change a user's password, Manage a user account, Drop a user account, Monitor user information, Terminate user sessions. Manage profiles and resources Overview of user profiles, Profile resource parameters, Create profile command, Manage passwords with profiles, Control resource usage with profiles, Maintain profiles. Manage privileges Database access, Oracle supplied roles, System and object level privileges, The grant and revoke commands, Create, modify and drop roles, Use predefined roles. Database auditing Overview of database security, Overview of database auditing, Security compliance, Standard auditing, Unified audit trail, Separation of audit responsibilities with the AUDIT_ADMIN and AUDIT_VIEWER roles, Configure the audit trail, Specify audit options. Data concurrency and lock conflicts Levels of locking in Oracle, Methods used to acquire locks, Data concurrency, Possible causes of contention, DML locks, Prevent locking problems, Detect lock contention, Resolve conflicts. Undo management Undo data overview, Monitor and administer undo, Configure undo retention, Switch undo tablespaces, Specify the retention period, Guarantee undo retention, Retention period for flashback queries, View undo space information, Use the undo advisor, Size the undo tablespace, Alter an undo tablespace to a fixed size. Proactive database management Database Maintenance, View the alert log, The Automatic Workload Repository, Statistic levels, The Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitoring, Monitor an Oracle database, Use the Advisors, Set up notification rules/ Performance management Tuning information sources, Performance monitoring, Tuning activities, Performance planning, Instance tuning, Performance tuning methodology, Performance tuning data, Monitoring performance, Managing memory. SQL tuning SQL tuning, The Oracle Optimizer, SQL Plan directives, Adaptive execution plans, SQL Advisors, Automatic SQL Tuning results, Implement automatic tuning recommendations , SQL Tuning Advisor. Moving data Create directory objects , Data Pump architecture, Data Pump data dictionary views, Data Pump interactive mode, Data Pump API, Use Data Pump to export and import data, Overview of SQL Loader, Command line parameters, Record filtering, Control file keywords, Datafiles, SQL Loader data paths, External Tables. Automate tasks with the scheduler Introduction to the Scheduler, Access Rights, Scheduler components and workflow, Create a Job, Job Classes, Use time based, event based schedules, Create an event based schedule. Managing resources with Resource Manager Overview of the Database Resource Manage, Use the Resource Manager, Create Resource Plans, The default maintenance resource manager plan, Create Resource Plan Directives, Allocate resources for Resource Plans. Manage space Overview of space management, Block space management within segments, Segment types, Allocate extents, Allocate space, Row chaining and migration, Create tables without segments. Backup and recovery configuration Oracle backup solutions, Oracle suggested backup strategy, Overview of database backup, restore and recover, Flashback technology, Types of failure ,Instance recovery, Tune instance recovery, The MTTR Advisor, Media failure, Configure a database for recoverability Oracle support The Enterprise Manager Support Workbench, Register for security updates, Work with Oracle Support, My Oracle Support integration, Log Service Requests, Manage patches, Apply a patch

The “ISO 42001:2023 Lead Implementer Course” is designed to provide participants with the knowledge and skills necessary to lead the implementation of an Artificial Intelligence Management System based on ISO 42001:2023. This comprehensive course covers the key principles, requirements, and best practices for establishing and maintaining an effective Artificial Intelligence management system. Participants will learn how to develop, implement, and manage processes that comply with the ISO 42001 standard.

Management of Value (MoV®) Practitioner: In-House Training This interactive MoV® Practitioner course provides a modular and case-study-driven approach to learning Management of Value (MoV). The core knowledge is structured and comprehensive; and well-rounded modules cover the methodology and various techniques. A case study is used to help appreciate the relevance of MoV in its practical application. What you will Learn The MoV Practitioner Course prepares you for the MoV Practitioner exam. Individuals certified at the MoV Practitioner level will be able to: Apply Management of Value (MoV) principles, processes and techniques, and advocate the benefits of this application appropriately to the senior Management. Develop a plan of MoV activities for the whole lifecycle of small and large projects and programs. Plan an MoV study, tailoring it to particular projects or programs and developing practical study or workshop handbooks as required. Understand and articulate value in relation to organizational objectives. Prioritize value drivers using function analysis and use these to demonstrate how value might be improved. Quantify monetary and non-monetary value using the Value Index, Value Metrics and the Value for Money ratio. Describe and comment on the application of various techniques relevant to MoV. Monitor improvements in value realized throughout a project lifecycle and capture learning which can be transferred to future projects. Offer suggestions and guidance about embedding MoV into an organization, including policy issues, undertake a health check, assess maturity and competence, and provide guidance on typical roles and responsibilities. Understand and articulate the use of MoV within other Best Management Practice methods and its contributions to them Benefits of Taking This Course Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to: Organise and contribute constructively to a Management of Value (MoV) Study Demonstrate a knowledge of MoV principles, processes, approach, and environment Analyse a company, programme or project to establish its organisational value includes identification and weighting of Value Drivers Pass the AXELOS Practitioner Examination Function Analysis Customer FAST Diagram Value Tree Development Weighting Attributes Paired Comparisons Developing a Value Profile Developing a Value Index Value for Money Ratio Stimulating Innovation Value Engineering Option Evaluation and Selection Evaluation Matrix Value and Value for Money Timing and Planning Teams and Stakeholders MoV in the Organization Integrating with Best Management Practice Relationship between Process and Approach

Management of Value (MoV®) Foundation This interactive MoV® Foundation course provides a modular and case-study-driven approach to learning Management of Value (MoV). The core knowledge is structured and comprehensive; and well-rounded modules cover the methodology and various techniques. A case study is used to help appreciate the relevance of MoV in its practical application. What you will Learn Upon completion of an MoV course candidates should be able to discuss and explain: The main processes and techniques used within MoV and the reasons for using them How MoV may be applied at portfolio, program, project and operational levels The differences in applying MoV at different stages in a project and the expected outputs from a MoV Study at each stage The circumstances under which MoV should be used The concept of value and how value may be improved The main benefits arising from the use of MoV Approaches for implementing MoV How to respond to external and internal influences The principles of embedding MoV into an organization The key topics in document checklists, the toolbox, health check, organizational maturity and individual competence. Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to: Organize and contribute constructively to a Management of Value (MoV) Study Demonstrate a knowledge of MoV principles, processes, approach and environment Analyse a company, program or project to establish its organizational value; includes identification and weighting of Value Drivers Pass the AXELOS MoV Foundation Examination Introduction to value management and MoV Value and Value Management Capabilities, Outcomes, Benefits and Disbenefits What is Value? What is Management of Value (MoV)? Why use MoV? Where use MoV? When MoV should be used? What using MoV involve? Selected MoV benefits Relationship with other AXELOS Global Best Practices and Models How MoV fits with other AXELOS Global Best Practice Guides MoV principles Align with organization's objectives Focus on functions and required outcomes Balance the variables to maximise value Apply throughout the investment decision Tailor MoV to suit the subject Learn from experience and improve Assign clear roles and responsibilities and build a supportive culture MoV processes Frame the programme or project Gather information Analyse information Process information Evaluate and select Develop Value Improving Proposals Implement and share outputs MoV techniques Function Analysis Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) Traditional (or classic) FAST Technical FAST Customer FAST Value Trees Measuring value Value profiling (a.k.a. value benchmarking) Simple multi-attribute rating technique (a.k.a. SMART) Value index Value metrics Value for money (VfM) ratio Value Engineering / Analysis Common techniques used in MoV Analysis of information Benchmarking Process Mapping Root Cause Analysis Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Generating Ideas Brainstorming Evaluation and option selection Option Selection Matrix Idea selection Allocation to Categories Idea Selection Matrix Weighting techniques Paired Comparisons Points Distribution Developing VIPs Developing Proposals Cost Benefit Analysis Building Decisions Implementing VIPs Implementation Plans Feedback Following up Tracking Benefits Approach to Implementation Generic approach to MoV implementation Plan the MoV activities Understand and articulate value Prioritize value Improve value Quantify value Monitor improvements in value Learn lessons Environmental factors Portfolio Considerations Programme considerations Project considerations Operational Considerations Embedding MoV into an organization Benefits of Embedding MoV into an organization MoV Policy MoV Policy Composition Embedding MoV into an organisation Key steps Suggested MoV Management Structure Overcoming barriers We do it anyway It takes up too much time We can't afford to make the changes What's in it for me? Don't fix it if it ain't broke Fixed returns on investment MoV products Briefing Meeting Agenda (A.1) Communications Checklist (A.2) Equipment list for an Effective Study/Workshop (A.3) Invitation to join the Study Team (A.4) Option Evaluation Matrix (A.5) Plan the Study (A.6) Recording Idea Selection (A.7) Reporting Study outputs (A.8) Scoping the Study (A.9) Study or Workshop Handbook (A.10) Value-Improvement Proposal Forms (A.11) Value Improvement Tracking Report (A.12) MoV toolbox MoV health check and maturity model P3M3 Maturity Model MoV Maturity Model (aligned with P3M3)

BGP training course description A study of BGP for non engineers working in the Internet. The course starts with a review of the basics of routers and routing tables and then moves on to a simple overview of how BPG works with a focus on BGP metrics influencing the route traffic takes through the Internet. Hands on with routers follow the major sessions to reinforce the theory. Note these hands on sessions are more demonstrations by the trainer but some can be followed along and done by delegates (e.g. looking at Internet routing tables.) What will you learn Explain how routing tables influence Internet traffic. Describe how BGP works. Explain the methods BGP can use to influence Internet traffic. Use traceroute, peeringdb, route collectors and looking glasses to analyse traffic flows. Explain the difference between bi lateral and multilateral peering using a route server. BGP training course details Who will benefit: Non technical staff wishing to know more about BGP. Prerequisites: None. Duration 1 day BGP training course contents Networks, routers and routing tables What is a network, what is a router, routing tables, static routes, routing protocols. When an ISP uses static routes and when they use BGP. IP addresses, subnet masks, groups of IP addresses. IPv6. Hands on: Showing a full routing table. Seeing traceroute being used. Basic BGP What's BGP? BGP versus other routing protocols, ASs, AS numbers. RIPE database, peeringdb. Hands on: Finding AS numbers. Showing simple BGP configuration and routing tables in an EVENG example. How BGP works Simple walk through of BGP incremental updates and how routes change when links go down. Hands on: Showing packets and route changes when a link goes down/comes up. BGP path selection Transit, peering, routing policy and route filtering. Longest matching rule in routing tables, route selection order, Local preference, AS prepend, MEDs. Hands on: Seeing BGP influencing traffic. Looking at peering policies in RIPE and peeringdb. Route servers What are route servers? LINX route servers, route server policy control and communities, What are route collectors, Looking glasses. Hands on: Seeing the LINX route server details in peeringdb, using a looking glass.

Take your knowledge to the next level with EnergyEdge course on Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA). Enroll now to advance your career.

SAFe® Advanced Scrum Master: In-House Training Prepare to step into a SAFe® leadership role and learn how to facilitate Agile team, program, and enterprise success by becoming a SAFe® 5 Advanced Scrum Master (SASM). This course prepares current Scrum Masters for their leadership role in facilitating Agile team, program, and enterprise success in a SAFe® implementation. Explore facilitation of cross-team interactions in support of program execution and relentless improvement. Expand the Scrum paradigm with an introduction to scalable engineering and DevOps practices, the application of Kanban to facilitate the flow of value, and supporting interactions with architects, product management, and other critical stakeholders. Learn actionable tools for building high-performing teams and explore practical ways of addressing Agile and Scrum anti-patterns in the enterprise. What you will Learn To perform the role of a SAFe® Advanced Scrum Master, you should be able to: Apply SAFe® principles to facilitation, enablement, and coaching in a multi-team environment Build a high-performing team and foster relentless improvement at scale Address Agile and Scrum anti-patterns Support the adoption of engineering practices, DevOps, and Agile architecture Learn to apply Kanban and Extreme Programming (XP) frameworks to optimize flow and improve the team's work Facilitate program planning, execution, and delivery of end-to-end systems value Support learning through participation in communities of practice and innovation cycles Exploring the Scrum Master role in the SAFe® enterprise Applying SAFe® Principles: A Scrum Master's perspective Exploring Agile and Scrum anti-patterns Facilitating program execution Improving flow with Kanban and XP Building high-performing teams Improving program performance with Inspect and Adapt

LTE optimization training course description This course gives delegates an understanding of the Key Performance Indicators used within the 3G LTE (4G) network environment. We investigate the 3GPP standards for KPIs (including TR 32.814, TS 32.410 & TS 32.455) these cover GERAN, UMTS & LTE environments. The course details the optimisation procedures and the use of Self optimisation, Selforganising & Self-healing equipment now being deployed across all releases of mobile networks. What will you learn Explain the RF optimisation flowchart. Describe the importance of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). List many of the 3GPP recommended KPIs. Describe the concept of APN AMBR and UE AMBR within LTE. Describe the use of planning and optimisation computer tools. LTE optimization training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Essential LTE Duration 2 days LTE optimization training course contents Introduction to the cellular environment The architecture, 2G (GSM), GPRS/EDGE, The NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network), media gateway controller, 3GPP Rel99 the 3G introduction, HSPA deployments, 3G LTE (4G). Cellular network procedures GSM/GPRS call setup, GPRS data call setup, 3G UMTS data call setup, Data call (Voice over LTE) in LTE (using IMS), Circuit Switched Fall Back (CSFB) in LTE, IP packet session in LTE. Introduction to the standards The 3GPP specifications body, The numbering structure for KPIs, 2G KPIs, 3G/UMTS KPIs, 3G LTE KPIs, IMS KPIs. Introduction to the KPI definitions KPI definitions, accessibility KPIs, retainability KPIs, mobility KPIs, utilisation KPIs. In-depth overview of the air Interfaces GSM/GPRS FDMA & TDMA solution, 3G UMTS WCDMA solution, HSPA+ sharing spare power (Codes), The 3G LTE uplink & downlink interface explained, Initial attach procedures explained. Problem analysis Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), handover success rates, power adjustments, classification of coverage problems, weak coverage & coverage holes, lack of dominant cells, cross coverage, improper tilt settings, uplink/downlink imbalance, signal quality, Azimuths & tilts to reduce interference, Handover failure due to interference, Service drop causes. Mobile RF performance in 2G/3G Performance counters, KPIs, testing & measurement, Drive testing and survey, Data collection and post processing of data, LTE service optimization, bandwidth, poor coverage, Quality, optimization process, KPI optimization, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) applied to RF issues, optimization tools and software. Advanced LTE network planning & optimization LTE UE measurements (RSRP/RSRQ), LTE capacity planning, RF configuration parameters, LTE cell selection/reselection planning, LTE radio network KPIs, LTE user-centric KPIs, LTE network performance KPIs, LTE system utilization KPIs, LTE RF channel performance predictions, LTE channel information processing, LTE channel multiplexing, Physical layer and structure, MIMO in LTE, LTE resource plan LTE and Self-Organizing Networks (SON). Radio network optimization work flow Work flow, the existing network, Optimization team establishment and cluster division, Single site verification, Alarm check, Cell state check, Radio parameters check, Site verification, Statistics analysis, Coverage problem analysis. Mobile internet and QoS issues Cellular QoS reference models. How QoS impact on KPIs and measurements, Introduction to mobile internet, The concept of shared access technologies, Support for QoS in the WCDMA environment, The PDP context model, Supporting end-to-end QoS, EPS bearer concepts, Default EPS bearer, Dedicated EPS bearer, APN-AMBR, UE-AMBR.

Essential IMS training course description The IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) is defined by 3GPP as a new mobile infrastructure. This course studies the discreet elements in the IMS. What will you learn Describe the IMS. Describe the IMS architecture. Explain how charging, security and QoS is handled in the IMS. Explain how the IMS supports service enablers such as Push to talk and Presence. Essential IMS training course details Who will benefit: Telecommunications staff. Prerequisites: Mobile communications overview Duration 2 days Essential IMS training course contents Mobile communications review The role of IP in telecommunications. GSM to IMS. Enhanced multimedia services, Push To, convergence, conferencing, roaming. What is IMS? What it is, why IMS, standard bodies: 3GPP, IETF, OMA, IMS services. MMD comparison. IMS architecture blocks Overview, IMS functions, IMS interfaces, IMS protocols, IMS elements, IMS reference points. Access network, IMS in GSM, CDMA, WiFi & PSTN networks. Core network. Application, Control and Call planes. HSS - User database Identification. The user database, role of HSS, SLF and multiple HSSs. 'Normal' identities, IMPI, IMPU. IMS signalling: SIP What is SIP? SIP URI, contact address, UAs, Proxies, basic SIP call flow, SIP sessions. IMS other protocols Megaco, Diameter, XML, XCAP, COPS, RTP/RTCP, SDP, H.324M, IM and MSRP. Call/Session Control Call Session Control Functions (CSCF). Domains. Home networks, visited networks. CSCF and SIP. P-CSCF, P-CSCF discovery, P-CSCF functions. I-CSCF, DNS and I-CSCF. S-CSCF, S-CSCF functions, ENUM lookups. QoS. Example call flows. IMS services Open service platform, Application Servers, profiles, AS interface with S-CSCF. 'Normal' services (Caller ID, Call waiting, transfer…) Push to talk Over Cellular (PoC), IMS conferencing, Group management, IMS Presence, IMS Messaging. Other possible applications. Media servers. (MRFC, MRFP). Gateways IMS PSTN procedures, BGCF, PSTN interface. SGW, MGCF, MGW Charging Architecture, Offline, online and flow based charging, charging reference points, CCF, DIAMETER, ICID, IOI. IMS security IMS security architecture, identities, AAA, public and private user ID, service filters, Cx interface, RADIUS, Diameter protocol, 3GPP AKA, integrity, privacy, NDS, IPSEC, trust, assertion.