474 Engineer courses in Crawley

About this Training Course Wind has surpassed hydro-power generation in many countries recently. Wind energy offers many advantages, which explains why it's one of the fastest-growing energy sources in the world. The following are the advantages of wind power: Wind power is cost effective: Land-based utility-scale wind is one of the lowest-priced energy sources available today The fuel for wind power is free. This reduces the operation and maintenance cost of wind power plants significantly Wind is a clean source of power generation that does not pollute the air like power plants which rely on combustion of fossil fuel Wind power plants create jobs. Wind turbine technician is the fastest growing career in many countries Wind enables industry growth and competitiveness due to its low cost Wind power is a domestic source of energy. The wind supply is abundant and inexhaustible. The wind power generation capacity has become the largest source of renewable power in many countries Wind turbines can be built on existing farms and ranches. This greatly benefits the economy in rural areas, where most of the best wind sites are found. Wind power plant owners make rent payments to the farmers or ranchers for the use of their land, providing landowners with additional income This 5 half-day course covers all aspects of wind power plants including evaluation of a potential location for a wind power plant using wind data and using statistical distributions to approximate available wind energy at a wind power plant site. It provides also an in-depth understanding of all wind power plant equipment including wind turbines, generators, instrumentation and control systems, drive trains, gearboxes, doubly fed induction generators, synchronous generators, nacelles, towers, transformers, etc. The economics of a wind power plant including economic analysis of wind power generation, economic comparison between a large- and small-scale wind power plant, economic decision making, rate of return from a wind power plant, economic life and replacement of a wind power plant as well as the cost of electricity from wind power plants are covered in detail in this course. A thorough explanation of the design, operation and maintenance of on-shore and off-shore wind farms is presented in detail in this course as well as all the significant improvements that have been made to wind power generating plants during the last two decades. Training Objectives Evaluation of a Potential Location for a Wind Power Plant Using Wind Data: Learn how to evaluate the potential location for a wind turbine power plant using wind data. Using Statistical 'Rayleigh' Distribution to Approximate Available Power Generation from a Wind Turbine at a Specific Site: Learn how to use statistical 'Rayleigh' distribution to approximate available power generation from a wind turbine at a specific site. Calculate the Wind Energy Available at a Site: Gain an understanding on how to calculate the wind energy available at a site. Rated Capacity of a Wind Facility and Capacity Factor: Understand how to determine the rated capacity of a wind facility and its capacity factor. Designing a Wind Power Generating Plant: Learn how to design a wind power generating plant. Wind Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance: Understand the operation and maintenance requirements for all wind power plant equipment including wind turbines, generators, nacelles, towers, transformers, etc. Wind Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems: Gain a thorough understanding about the latest instrumentation and control systems of wind power plants. Economics of Wind Power Plants: Gain a thorough understanding of the economics of wind power plants including economic analysis of wind power generation, economic comparison between a large- and small-scale wind power plant, comparison of alternatives, rate of return from a wind power plant, financial statements for a wind power plant, cost of electricity from a wind power plant, and levelized cost of wind energy.   Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Training Methods Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a soft copy of the following materials written by the instructor: POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK' second edition, published by McGraw-Hill in 2012 (800 pages) Wind Power Generating Plant Manual (500 pages) POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT)  This 5 half-day course provides a detailed description of all performance testing methods for all thermal power plant equipment including boilers, turbines, condensers, pumps, fans, deaerators, and feedwater heaters. The methodology, and code requirements for the performance tests for all thermal power plant equipment will be explained in detail. The preparatory work and instrumentation required for each test will also be covered during the course. The efficiency calculations for all equipment used in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler and pulverized coal boiler power plants will be explained, including all processes, operational and maintenance activities, capital projects, technical options, potential initiatives and incentives to implement upgrades / repairs for increasing the power plant equipment efficiency. The course will also provide a thorough explanation of CFB and pulverized coal boiler technology including hydrodynamics, combustion, emissions, design considerations, gas-solid separators, design of CFB and pulverized coal boiler components, management of solid residues, materials, stoichiometric calculations, and model for sulfur capture. The operation, maintenance, testing, and refurbishment options of all the equipment and systems used in CFB and pulverized coal power plants will be presented, including boilers, superheaters, reheaters, turbines, condensers, feedwater heaters, deaerators, pumps, compressors, fans, electric generators, instrumentation and control systems, and governing systems, etc. The participants will get equipped on all factors which affect the CFB and pulverized coal boiler power plant efficiency and emissions, all methods used to calculate the heat rate of CFB and pulverized coal power plants as well as all areas in CFB and pulverized coal boiler power plants where efficiency loss can occur. Updated information on the methods used to improve CFB boiler and pulverized coal boiler power plant heat rate will also be provided. It includes: Optimizing the combustion process and sootblowing Controlling the steam temperature Recovering moisture from boiler flue gas Performing steam turbine maintenance Lowering condenser back pressure Pre-drying high moisture coal and reducing stack temperature Training Objectives Thermal Plant Performance Testing: Gain a thorough understanding of all the performance testing methods for all thermal power plant equipment including boilers, turbines, condensers, pumps, fans, daerators, and feedwater heaters Performance Test Methodology and Code Requirements: Understand the methodology, and code requirements for performance tests of all thermal power plant equipment Performance Test Preparatory Work and Instrumentation: Learn about the preparatory work and instrumentation required for each equipment performance test in a thermal power plant Equipment Efficiency Calculations: Gain a thorough understanding of the efficiency calculations for all the equipment used in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers and pulverized coal boilers power plants Calculating the Heat Rate of CFB and Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plants: Learn all the methods used to calculate the heat rate of CFB and pulverized coal boiler coal power plants Benefits of Lowering the Heat Rate of CFB and Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plants: Understand all the benefits of lowering the heat rate of CFB coal power plants Methods Used to Improve CFB and Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plants Heat Rate: Gain a thorough understanding of all the methods used to improve the heat rate of CFB and pulverized boiler coal power plants Processes, Operational and Maintenance Activities in CFB and Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plants: Discover all the processes, operational and maintenance activities used to improve the heat rate of CFB and pulverized coal power plants Capital Projects Used to Improve the Heat Rate of CFB and Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plants: Learn about all the capital projects used to improve the heat rate of CFB and pulverized coal power plants Technical Options for Improving the Heat Rate of CFB and Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plants: Understand all the technical options used to improve the heat rate of CFB and pulverized coal boiler power plants Potential Initiatives and Incentives to Implement Upgrades / Repairs for Improving the Heat Rate of CFB and Pulverized Coal Bed Boiler Power Plants: Discover all the potential initiatives and incentives to implement upgrades / repairs for improving the heat rate of CFB and pulverized coal power plants Factors Affecting CFB and Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plants Efficiency and Emissions: Learn about all the factors which affect CFB and pulverized coal boiler power plants efficiency and emissions Areas in CFB and Pulverized Coal Power Plants where Efficiency Loss Can Occur: Discover all the areas in CFB and pulverized coal power plants where efficiency loss can occur Optimize the Operation of CFB and Pulverized Coal Power Plant Equipment and Systems to Improve the Plant Heat Rate: Understand all the techniques and methods used to optimize the operation of CFB and pulverized coal power plant equipment and systems to improve the plant heat rate CFB and Pulverized Coal Power Plant Equipment and Systems: Learn about the various types of CFB and pulverized coal power plant equipment and systems including boilers, superheater, reheaters, steam turbines, governing systems, deaerators, feedwater heaters, coal-handling equipment, transformers, generators and auxiliaries Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 5 sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Additionally, some self-study will be requested. Participants are invited but not obliged to bring a short presentation (10 mins max) on a practical problem they encountered in their work. This will then be explained and discussed during the VILT. A short test or quiz will be held at the end the course. The instructor relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all the delegates gain a complete understanding of all the topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Trainer Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a soft copy of the following materials written by the instructor: 'POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK' second edition published by McGraw-Hill in 2012 (800 pages) Excerpt of the relevant chapters from the 'POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE GUIDE' published by McGraw-Hill in 2012 (800 pages) THERMAL POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE TESTING MANUAL (includes practical information about all the performance testing methods for all thermal power plant equipment - 400 pages) POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

LTE Backhaul training course description This course provides a concise insight into the LTE backhaul. Key parts of the course are detailed looks at the transport of messages and the S1 and X2 protocols. What will you learn Describe the overall architecture of LTE. Explain how data and signalling messages are transported in LTE. Describe the S1 protocol. Describe the X2 protocol. LTE Backhaul training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Duration 2 days LTE Backhaul training course contents Introduction In the first section of the course, we review LTE and its hardware and software architecture. Requirements and key features of LTE. LTE Architecture and capabilities of the UE. Architecture of the E-UTRAN, functions of the eNB. EPC architecture, and functions of the MME, SGW, PGW and PCRF. System interfaces and protocol stacks. Example information flows. Dedicated and default bearers. EMM, ECM and RRC state diagrams. Architecture of the radio access network In this section, we look in more detail at the architecture of the evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). Logical and physical architecture of the E-UTRAN. Numbering, addressing and identification. E-UTRAN functions. E-UTRAN protocol stacks. Timing and frequency synchronisation in LTE. Transport of data and signalling in LTE Here, we look in more detail at the techniques and protocols that are used to transport data and signalling messages across the evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network and the evolved packet core. Quality of service in LTE. The GPRS tunnelling protocol. Differentiated services Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS). The stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). The S1 application protocol This section gives a detailed account of the signalling procedures in the S1 application protocol, which the MME uses to control the operation of the eNB. The material looks at the procedures, messages and information elements, and relates them to the system-level procedures in which they are used. S1 setup procedure. UE context management procedures. Non access stratum information transport. Procedures for managing the evolved radio access bearer (E-RAB). Paging procedures. Mobility management procedures for S1-based handovers. Procedures in support of self-optimising networks. The X2 application protocol This section gives a detailed account of the signalling procedures in the X2 application protocol, which is used for peer-to-peer communication between eNBs. The material looks at the procedures, messages and information elements, and relates them to the system-level procedures in which they are used. X2 setup procedure. Mobility management procedures for X2-based handovers Procedures in support of self-optimising networks. High level system operation In the final section, we bring our discussions of the S1 and X2 application protocols together by reviewing the system-level operation of LTE. Attach procedure. Transitions between the states of RRC Idle and RRC Connected. Tracking area updates in RRC Idle. Handover procedures in RRC Connected.

3G training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. 3G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days 3G training course contents D3GPP specifications 3GPP standards body, Evolution path, Frequency and bandwidth, Conceptual model, UMTS general architecture, UTRAN architecture & radio access bearer. CDMA principles CDMA principle, Code characteristics, Code requirements. CDMA requirements Synchronization, Power control, Soft handover, Rake receiver, Antenna consideration, Multi-user detection. Radio interface protocol architecture Access stratum & non-access stratum, Overall protocol structure, Logical and transport channels, Physical channels, Protocol termination. Layer 2 Protocols Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol, Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocol, Radio Interface for Broadcast/Multicast Services. Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol RRC Architecture, RRC Protocol State, Broadcast of information, RRC connection management, Radio bearer management, RRC connection mobility functions, Power control, Ciphering and Integrity. Mobile procedures Mobility management states and transitions, UMTS identities, Procedures in Idle mode (location updates, cell selection/ re-selection), Circuit-switched call set-up, Packet-switched context activation and context preservation, Data transfer initialization, Soft-handover procedure. Introduction to HSPA The need for high speed data, Fast HARQ, Improved scheduling, Additional channels, Soft combining, HS-DSCH codes, Uplink HSPA vs downlink HSPA, Full HSPA, Use of MIMO, Enhanced CELL_FACH.

TETRA training course description This 2 day training course covers the network architecture required for TETRA. It also looks at the Air Interface, TETRA Functions and Procedures. What will you learn Describe the TETRA Architecture Describe the Air Interface Explain the TETRA Functions Explain the TETRA Procedures TETRA training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with TETRA. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days TETRA training course contents Introduction History of PMR, ETSI development, Tetra function, Tetra markets, Tetra standards, Tetra supplier base, Tetra Release 1, Tetra Release 2. Network Architecture Mobile network Identity, Mobile stations, Base station, Switching & Management, Addresses & Identitie. Air Interface Modulation, TDMA Format, FD, Framin, Burst format, Traffic Channel TCH, Dedicated Channel DCC, Common Control Channel CCC, Signalling Channel SCH, Logical Control mapping LCM, Protocol stack, Voice coded. TETRA Functions Trunked mode operation, User hierarchies, Individual calling, Group calling, Supplementary services, Voice and Data, Data services, Direct mode operation, Tetra WAP, Circuit mode priorities, Circuit mode data, Packet mode data, Discrete and Ambient listening. Automatic vehicle locator. TETRA Procedures MS operational modes, Mobility management, Cell selection, Security & Authentication, Decryption options, Cell setup, Channel assignment, Network management - internal, Network management -external, PSTN Gateway, ISDN Gateway, Control Room Gateway.

4G training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. 4G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days 4G training course contents LTE Introduction The path to LTE, 3GPP. LTE to LTE advanced. LTE Architecture The core, Access, roaming. Protocols: User plane, Control plane. Example information flows. Bearer management. Spectrum allocation. LTE technologies Transmission, reception, OFDMA, multiple antenna, MIMO. LTE Air interface Air interface protocol stack. Channels, Resource Grid, cell acquisition. Up and downlink controls. Layer 2 protocols. Cell acquisition Power on, selecting networks and cells. RRC connection. Attach procedure. Mobility management Roaming, RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, cell reselection, handover, interoperation with UMTS and GSM networks. Voice and text IMS, QoS, policy and charging.

Total GPRS training course description GPRS is a packet switched access mode for GSM systems, which will enable more efficient use of the radio resources leading to increased data speeds and capacity. It is an important migration step toward 3G networks. This course provides a detailed analysis of the workings and implications of GPRS. What will you learn Explain what GPRS is. Describe the GPRS protocol stack. Describe the GPRS architecture Total GPRS training course details Who will benefit: Anyone who needs to know more about GPRS. Prerequisites: Total GSM Duration 2 days Total GPRS training course contents GPRS network architecture Review of GSM architecture, the new network entities required for GPRS. How the existing GSM network entities needs to be upgraded. How GPRS roaming will work. How intra and inter PLMNs work together. How billing works in the GPRS network. IP over GPRS Brief review of IP, IP stack over GPRS, IP addressing in GPRS, DHCP, GPRS configuration for IP. IP packet flows. WAP and GPRS. GPRS interfaces Messaging scenarios used over the GPRS Gb, Gs and Gp Interfaces. How the handset performs a GPRS attach and detach. GPRS roaming and how it works. Links used between GPRS Roaming Exchanges (GRX). GPRS terminal attach message flow in the NSS, PDP context message flow in the NSS, GPRS paging message flow, GPRS terminal detach message flow. GPRS protocol stack The components of the protocol stack. How each component works. How encapsulated packets are sent. How each component links to the next component. GPRS air interface The new GPRS channels required. How the new channels work. How to map GPRS logical channels onto physical channels. How they enable session activation. The difference between master PDCHs and slave PDCHs. GPRS terminals The 3 classes of terminal available. How the handset performs a GPRS attach and detach.

GSM training course description GSM is in widespread use today. This seminar gives an comprehensive overview of GSM. What will you learn Explain what GSM is. Describe the architecture of the GSM network. Describe the GSM protocol stack. GSM training course details Who will benefit: Anyone who needs to know more about GSM. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days GSM training course contents Introduction History of GSM, analogue networks, digital networks, PCS1900. GSM services Telephony, digital encoding, data rates, Group 3 fax, SMS, Supplementary services. GSM architecture Mobile station Mobile Equipment (ME), Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). Base Station Subsystem Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller (BSC). Network Subsystem Mobile Services Switching Centre (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), Visitor Location Register (VLR), Equipment Identity Register (EIR), Visitor Location register (VLR), Authentication Centre (AuC) Radio Link Aspects Bands, FDMA, TDMA, Traffic channels, Control channels, Speech coding, Channel coding and modulation, Multipath equalisation, Frequency hopping. GSM signalling SS7 overview, GSM SS7 nodes, Base Station Subsystem Application Part (BSSAP), Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP), Mobile Application Part (MAP). Interfaces Um, Abis and A interfaces. Mobility and call processing in GSM Attach & location update process, mobile originate, mobile termination, handovers. GSM services Tele services, Bearer services, supplementary services, SMS, security. GSM futures GPRS, UMTS.

Junos Service Provider Switching training course description This course provides students with an overview of switching concepts such as LANs, Layer 2 address learning, bridging, virtual LANs (VLANs), provider bridging, VLAN translation, spanning-tree protocols, and Ethernet Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM). This course also covers Junos operating system-specific implementations. Junos Service Provider Switching is an intermediatelevel course. What will you learn Describe carrier Ethernet. Describe the function of an Ethernet LAN. Implement VLAN tagging. Describe the components of provider bridging. Identify and use available tools to resolve network issues. Configure and monitor Ethernet OAM, ERP, LAG, STP, the RSTP, the MSTP, and the VSTP. Junos Service Provider Switching training course details Who will benefit: Individuals responsible for configuring and monitoring devices running the Junos OS. Prerequisites: Junos Intermediate Routing Duration 2 days Junos Service Provider Switching training course contents Ethernet Switching and Virtual LANs Ethernet LANs Bridging Configuring and Monitoring VLANs Automating VLAN Administration Configuring and Monitoring IRB Layer 2 Address Learning and Forwarding Layer 2 Firewall Filtering Ethernet Switching and VLANs Lab Virtual Switches Routing Instances Overview Configuring and Monitoring Virtual Switches Interconnecting Routing Instances Logical Systems Virtual Switches Lab Provider Bridging Expanding the Bridged Network Provider Bridging Configuring and Monitoring Provider Bridging Provider Bridging Lab Spanning-Tree Protocols Overview of STP Overview of RSTP Overview of MSTP Overview of VSTP Configuring and Monitoring Spanning-Tree Protocols Understanding BPDU, Loop, and Root Protection MSTP Lab Ethernet OAM OAM Overview LFM CFM Configuring and Monitoring Ethernet OAM Ethernet OAM Lab High Availability and Network Optimization ERP Overview Configuring and Monitoring ERP Link Aggregation Group Overview Configuring and Monitoring a LAG MC-LAG Overview Configuring and Monitoring an MC-LAG High Availability and Network Optimization Lab Troubleshooting and Monitoring Introduction to Troubleshooting and Monitoring Troubleshooting and Monitoring Tools Troubleshooting Case Study: Network Congestion Troubleshooting and Monitoring Lab Appendix A: Carrier Ethernet Ethernet in the WAN Ethernet Standards Organizations MX Series Layer 2 Features Appendix B: Deprecated Syntaxes Appendix C: MX Series Overview

OpenView training course description A hands-on course focusing on network management using HP OpenView network node manager on Microsoft Windows or UNIX. What will you learn Recognise the benefits of ADSL. Describe the network management architecture. Use HP OpenView. Diagnose faults using HP OpenView. Recognise the MIB structure. OpenView training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff wanting to learn DNS. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation Duration 2 days OpenView training course contents Network management What is network management?, Benefits, issues, demonstration. Getting started with HP OpenView Starting HP OpenView, IP discovery, IP monitoring, controlling IP discovery. Using HP OpenView Mapping devices, map layouts, maps and submaps, objects and symbols, object attributes, colour codings, polling. Agents Configuring Cisco devices for SNMP support, communities, traps, syslog. Parts of SNMP SNMP architecture, MIB's, The protocol. HP OpenView SNMP configuration HP OpenView alarm browser HP OpenView alarms, alarm categories, filtering alarms, alarm details window. MIB's MIB1, MIB2, The MIB2 groups, additional MIB's, MIB compilers, vendor MIB's. HP OpenView MIB loader and browser. Monitoring devices Polling, obtaining MIB information. Diagnostic tools Poll node, the ping window, protocol test, locate route HP OpenView fault management Alarms, polling, fault management, setting thresholds and configuring traps.