1502 Electrical courses

FREE PDF & Hard Copy Certificate| PDF Transcripts| FREE Student ID| Assessment| Lifetime Access| Enrolment Letter

This training includes four (4) three-hour lessons, for a total of 12 contact training hours. Each lesson will include presentations, videos, interactive exercises, and a quiz. 1- Ladder and Lift Safety: In this lesson, we learn about different ladder options and how to choose the appropriate ladder(s) for a PV installation, based on the specific job site and task (accessing different roof surfaces, running conduit, etc.). We discuss how to properly inspect, set up and use ladders, and through interactive exercises we evaluate different installation sites to determine the best location to set up an extension ladder to access the PV array. In the second part of this lesson, we identify equipment and methods for safely lifting PV modules (and other materials) to the roof, including ladder lifts, boom lifts, reach forklifts, scaffolding, and cranes. 2- Fall Protection: Here, we review OSHA fall protection requirements and present different equipment options for working safely AND efficiently on a PV job site. We discuss the differences between fall restraint, positioning, and fall arrest systems; look at different anchor options for roof surfaces commonly seen on PV installations; and via interactive exercises determine where to place those anchors on the roof. 3- PV Mounting Safety: In this lesson, we identify job site hazards specific to PV mounting work, from array layout through securing modules to the racking system. We go step-by-step through a roof-mounted PV installation and call out ways to eliminate and/or control hazards through safe work practices, engineering controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Through interactive exercises and videos, we show best practice methods to safely handle PV equipment and manage small parts on a sloped roof. 4- Solar Electric Safety: In the final lesson of this series, we take an in-depth look at electrical hazards specific to PV installation and maintenance work, and discuss the requirements of OSHA, the NEC, and NFPA 70E to assure safe working conditions. We discuss shock and arc flash hazards and identify protective measures (including PPE and lockout / tagout). We dive even further into lockout / tagout and safe electrical testing methods in our interactive exercises and videos.

Essential optical transmission course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for fibre networks. The course aims to demystify the technologies involved by explaining all the buzzwords used in optical transmission. What will you learn Describe various optical transmission technologies. Explain how SDH and OTN work. Explain how WDM, CWDM and DWDM work. Explain PON, GPON and GEPON. Essential optical transmission course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Essential optical transmission course contents Transmission basics nsmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. Fibre transmission Fibre vs copper, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. OTN G.709, OTN interface structure, Optical transport modules, ONNI, OCh, OUT, ODU, OPU. G.709 amendments. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. FTTx Fibre installation and air blown fibre, FTTH, FTTC, FTTN, FTTD, FFTH topologies and wavelengths, active or passive optical network. PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), XG-PON, Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play.

24-Hour Flash Sale! Prices Reduced Like Never Before!! The UK's manufacturing and construction sectors are pivotal for its growth, contributing significantly to the economy and employing millions. However, within these industries, welding remains a critical skill. With an increasing demand for skilled welders and safety practitioners, there's never been a better time to acquire welding skills and relevant safety knowledge. The Welding Training bundle offers knowledge based on UK standards, addressing both skills and safety protocols necessary in today's job market. The course bundle encompasses topics ranging from foundational Welding Techniques and Manufacturing Engineering to specialised safety courses such as Working in Confined Spaces, Manual Handling, and Electrical Safety. It also covers critical compliance topics like Asbestos Awareness, COSHH Training, and Gas Safety Legislation. Designed for a holistic education, the curriculum balances welding skills with a strong emphasis on safety and regulatory knowledge, preparing participants for the multifaceted demands of the industry. Courses Included In this Welding Training Are: Course 01: Welding Training (UK Standard) Course 02: Manufacturing Engineering - Welding Course 03: Welding Basics and Safety Course 04: Abrasive Wheels Course 05: Manual Handling Interactive Training Course 06: Working in Confined Spaces Course 07: Basic Electricity Course Course 08: Portable Appliance Testing (PAT) - CPD Accredited Course 09: Professional Plumbing Course Course 10: Asbestos Surveying & Management Training Course 11: Asbestos Awareness Course 12: COSHH Training Course 13: PUWER Course 14: Workplace First Aid Level 4 Course 15: Working at Height Course 16: Lone Worker Safety Course 17: Construction Safety Course 18: Electrical and Fire Safety Training Course 19: Gas Safety Legislation Course 20: Ladder Safety Grab this opportunity to elevate your career in welding and construction safety. Whether you're starting out or looking to enhance your skills, this training bundle provides the knowledge and certification needed to stand out in the competitive job market. Join a community of professionals dedicated to excellence and safety in the welding industry and pave your way to a rewarding career today. Enrol now!! Learning Outcomes of this Welding Training Course Master foundational and advanced welding techniques. Understand manufacturing engineering principles in welding. Apply safety practices in welding and related activities. Navigate regulations with asbestos, COSHH, and gas safety training. Learn electrical and fire safety measures applicable in work environments. Ensure personal and workplace safety in confined spaces and heights. Why Prefer Us? Get a free CPD Accredited Certificate upon completion of the Welding course Get a Free Student ID Card with Welding Training The Welding course is Affordable and Simple to understand Lifetime Access to the Welding course materials The Welding course comes with 24/7 Tutor Support Welding is a procedure that involves using electricity and torches to generate heat and solder metal components together. This course is comprehensive, so you can be confident that all the information is correct and up to date. The course is incredibly lively and well-paced, allowing you to understand Welding easily. You'll learn how to perfect your skills while examining relevant and important topics. *** Course Curriculum *** Here is the curriculum breakdown of this course: Course 01: Welding Training (UK Standard) Module 01: Introduction Module 02: Getting Familiar with Metals Module 03: Exploring Methods Module 04: Knowing the Metals Module 05: Preparing Steel for Welding Module 06: Working with Stainless Steel Module 07: Working with Aluminium and Other Metals Module 08: MIG Tutorial Module 09: TIG Tutorial Module 10: Arc Tutorial Module 11: Illness Caused by Fume and Gases Module 12: Fume - Reducing the Risk Module 13: Hearing Loss and Vibration White Finger Module 14: Other Safety Issues Module 15: Protection During Welding Module 16: Safety in Gas Welding Course 02: Manufacturing Engineering - Welding Module 01: Introduction Module 02: Liquid State Welding Module 03: Solid-State Welding Module 04: Liquid-Solid State Welding Module 05: Miscellaneous Course 03: Welding Basics and Safety Module 01: The World of Welding Module 02: Welding Safety Module 03: Welding Tools and Preparation Module 04: Welding Methods =========>>>>> And 17 More Courses <<<<<========= How will I get my Certificate? After successfully completing the course, you will be able to order your Certificates as proof of your achievement. PDF Certificate: Free (Previously it was £12.99*20 = £260) CPD Hard Copy Certificate: Free (For The First Course: Previously it was £29.99) CPD 200 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone interested in learning more about the topic is advised to take this bundle. This bundle is ideal for: Aspiring welders Safety officers Manual workers Construction personnel Engineers Requirements You will not need any prior background or expertise to enrol in this Welding Course. Career path After completing this bundle, you are to start your career or begin the next phase of your career. Certified Welder - £25,000 to £40,000 Welding Inspector - £30,000 to £50,000 Construction Manager - £40,000 to £65,000 Manufacturing Engineer - £30,000 to £50,000 Electrical Safety Officer - £28,000 to £45,000 Certificates CPDQS Accredited Digital Certificate Digital certificate - Included Upon passing the Course, you need to order a Digital Certificate for each of the courses inside this bundle as proof of your new skills that are accredited by CPD QS for Free. CPDQS Accredited Hard Copy Certificate Hard copy certificate - Included If you are an international student, then you have to pay an additional 10 GBP as an international delivery charge.

Overview ***Limited Time Offer*** ★★★ Enrolment Gift: Get Hard Copy + PDF Certificates + Transcript + Student ID Card worth £250 - Enrol Now! ★★★ There is always the chance to embark on a rewarding career as a Mechanic. To sum it up, whether you do it professionally or not, having a fundamental understanding of auto mechanics is really beneficial to you. This Mechanic Training course fills that need by providing you with all the knowledge you need about maintenance in clear, in-depth lessons. Whether you want to become a mechanic or are already one, this course will advance your knowledge, strengthen your resume, and award you a certificate attesting to your understanding of mechanics and maintenance. This Mechanic Training Bundle Consists of the following Premium courses: => Course 01: Car Mechanic and Repair Training Diploma => Course 02: Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) => Course 03: Motorbike Repairing and Maintenance Diploma => Course 04: Hybrid Vehicle Expert Training => Course 05: Supercharger Automobile Engineering => Course 06: Engine Lubricant System Training - Level 4 => Course 07: Energy Saving in Electric Motors => Course 08: Car Restoration => Course 09: PUWER => Course 10: A complete course on Turbocharging => Course 11: Basic Automotive Engineering: Onboard Diagnostics => Course 12: Digital Electric Circuits & Intelligent Electrical Devices => Course 13: Mechanical Engineering => Course 14: Welding Training => Course 15: Driving Instructor => Course 16: Bicycle Maintenance Course => Course 17: PAT Level 4 => Course 18: Manual Handling Training | Online Course => Course 19: Fire Safety Training => Course 20: Time Management | Online Course The Mechanic Training bundle incorporates basic to advanced level skills to shed some light on your way and boost your career. Hence, you can strengthen your Mechanic Training expertise and essential knowledge, which will assist you in reaching your goal. Key Features of the Course: FREE Mechanic Training CPD-accredited certificate Get a free student ID card with Mechanic training (£10 applicable for international delivery) Lifetime access to the Mechanic Training course materials The Mechanic Training program comes with 24/7 tutor support Get instant access to this Mechanic Training course Learn Mechanic Training from anywhere in the world The Mechanic Training is affordable and simple to understand The Mechanic Training is entirely online Description: Enrol in this Car Mechanic Bundle today and start your journey to becoming a successful Mechanic! ★★★ Course Curriculum of Car Mechanic Bundle ★★★ => Course 01: Car Mechanic and Repair Training Module 01: Introduction to Safety and Maintenance Module 02: General Maintenance for Car Mechanics Module 03: Vehicle Warning Lights Module 04: Tyres and Wheels Module 05: The Engine Module 06: The Cooling System Module 07: The Fuel System Module 08: The Electrical System Module 09: The Drivetrain Module 10: The Braking System Module 11: Car Restoration Plan Module 12: Restoring the Car's Interior Module 13: Restoring the Car's Exterior Module 14: Restoring the Engine Module 15: Reassemble & Test Drive Module 16: Hearing Conservation at Workplace Module 17: Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations Module 18: Selection and Conformity of Work Equipment Module 19: Safe Functionality of Work Equipment Module 20: Monitoring and Evaluation of Work Equipment Module 21: Maintenance of Work Equipment =========>>>>> And 19 More Related Courses <<<<<========= How will I get my Mechanic Certificate? After successfully completing the Mechanic course, you will be able to order your CPD Accredited Certificates (PDF + Hard Copy) as proof of your achievement. PDF Certificate: Free (Previously it was £9.99*20 = £199.7) Hard Copy Certificate: Free (For The Title Course: Previously it was £14.99) So, enrol now in this Mechanic Bundle to kickstart your career! Enrol now in Mechanic Training to advance your career, and use the premium study materials from Apex Learning. Who is this course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this Mechanic Training bundle. Requirements Our Mechanic Training course is fully compatible with PCs, Macs, laptops, tablets and Smartphone devices. Career Path Having this Mechanic Training expertise will increase the value of your CV and open you up to multiple job sectors.

Level 5 Diploma(FREE QLS Endorsed Certificate)| 11 CPD Courses+11 PDF Certificates| 150 CPD Points|CPD & CiQ Accredited

Overview When new employees join the workplace, it can be difficult for them to understand the safety procedures or what to do in case of emergencies. If they receive training, the whole process can become a lot easier for them. This is where our Safety Awareness Training for New Employees course comes in. This course aims to educate the new employees on safety awareness. In this course you will learn how to assess hazards and risks in a workplace. The course will help you develop the ability to handle emergency situations. In addition, you will get detailed lessons on electrical, chemical and fire safety. The course will also teach you the principles of ergonomics and manual handling. You will also get the chance to understand the strategies of violence and harassment prevention.  This course can be your ultimate guide, so enrol now and start learning! Course Preview Learning Outcomes Understand the principles of workplace hazards and risk assessment Develop the skills to take action in emergency situations Learn how to ensure fire, chemical and electrical safety Enhance your knowledge of ergonomics and manual handling Know the essentials of violence and harassment prevention in the workplace Why Take This Course From John Academy? Affordable, well-structured and high-quality e-learning study materials Engaging tutorial videos, materials from the industry-leading experts Opportunity to study in a user-friendly, advanced online learning platform Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result Earn UK & internationally recognised accredited qualification Easily access the course content on mobile, tablet, or desktop from anywhere, anytime Excellent career advancement opportunities Get 24/7 student support via email. What Skills Will You Learn from This Course? Hazard and risk assessment Emergency response Manual handling Fire, chemical and electrical safety Who Should Take This Safety Awareness Training for New Employees? Whether you're an existing practitioner or an aspiring professional, this course is an ideal training opportunity. It will elevate your expertise and boost your CV with key skills and a recognised qualification attesting to your knowledge. Are There Any Entry Requirements? This Safety Awareness Training for New Employees is available to all learners of all academic backgrounds. But learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. And a good understanding of the English language, numeracy, and ICT will be helpful. Certificate of Achievement After completing this course successfully, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. Certificates & Transcripts can be obtained either in Hardcopy at £14.99 or in PDF format at £11.99. Career Path​ This exclusive Safety Awareness Training for New Employees will equip you with effective skills and abilities and help you explore career paths such as  Health and Safety Officer Employees HR Manager Module 01: Introduction to Workplace Safety Introduction to Workplace Safety 00:09:00 Module 02: Workplace Hazards and Risk Assessment Workplace Hazards and Risk Assessment 00:12:00 Module 03: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 00:13:00 Module 04: Emergency Preparedness Emergency Preparedness 00:15:00 Module 05: Fire Safety Fire Safety 00:16:00 Module 06: Ergonomics and Manual Handling Ergonomics and Manual Handling 00:15:00 Module 07: Electrical Safety Electrical Safety 00:16:00 Module 08: Chemical Safety Chemical Safety 00:14:00 Module 09: Workplace Violence and Harassment Prevention Workplace Violence and Harassment Prevention 00:18:00 Module 10: Health and Wellness Health and Wellness 00:14:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

24-Hour Knowledge Knockdown! Prices Reduced Like Never Before Did you know the UK engineering sector employs over 2.3 million people, with a predicted growth of 5% by 2028? This bundle equips you with the in-demand skills to thrive in this dynamic field, empowering you to design, build, and maintain the machines that shape our world. This Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering bundle covers the fundamentals of mechanical engineering, internal combustion engines, HVAC systems, and electrical power, equipping you with the skills to excel in various technical fields. With this Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering course, you will get 18 CPD Accredited PDF Certificates, Hard Copy Certificate of Mechanical Engineering and our exclusive student ID card absolutely free. Courses Are Included In Bundle: Course 01: Mechanical Engineering Course 02: Internal Combustion Engine Basics Course 03: Rotating Machines Course 04: HVAC Basics and Load Calculation Masterclass Course 05: Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) Technician Course 06: Electric Power Metering for Single and Three-Phase Systems Course 07: Short Circuit Analysis for HV Three-Phase Systems Course 08: MATLAB Simulink for Electrical Power Engineering Course 09: Automotive Engineering: Onboard Diagnostics Course 10: Engine Lubricant System Training Course 11: Turbocharging A to Z Course 12: Diploma in Supercharger Automobile Engineering Course 13: Hybrid Vehicle Expert Training Course 14: Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) Course 15: Electronic & Electrical Devices Maintenance & Troubleshooting Course 16: PUWER Course 17: Car Maintenance & Servicing Course 18: Mechanic Training Embarking on Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering is more than just taking an online course; it's an investment in your future. By completing this Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering bundle, you'll not only gain invaluable skills but also open doors to new career opportunities and advancements, boosting your earning potential. Don't miss this chance to elevate your career and skillset. Enrol in Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering today and take the first step towards achieving your goals and dreams. Why buy this Bundle? Free CPD Accredited Certificate upon completion of this Bundle Get a free student ID card with this Bundle Lifetime access to the course materials Get instant access to these courses Learn from anywhere in the world 24/7 tutor support with this Bundle course. This Bundle is an entirely online, interactive lesson with voiceover audio. Start your learning journey straightaway! Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering premium bundle consists of 18 precisely chosen courses on a wide range of topics essential for anyone looking to excel in this field. Each segment of Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering is meticulously designed to maximise learning and engagement, blending interactive content and audio-visual modules for a truly immersive experience. Certification You have to complete the assignment given at the end of the Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering course and score a minimum of 60% to pass each exam. Our expert trainers will assess your assignment and give you feedback after you submit the assignment. After passing the Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering exam You will be entitled to claim a PDF & Hardcopy certificate accredited by CPD Quality standards completely free. CPD 180 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This bundle is ideal for: Students seeking mastery in this field Professionals seeking to enhance their skills Anyone who is passionate about this topic Requirements This Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering doesn't require prior experience and is suitable for diverse learners. Career path This Mechanical Engineering, HVAC Training & Automotive Engineering bundle will allow you to kickstart or take your career in the related sector to the next stage. Certificates CPD Accredited Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included CPD Accredited Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included If you are an international student, then you have to pay an additional 10 GBP for each certificate as an international delivery charge.

Description Fire Scene Investigation Diploma Introducing the Fire Scene Investigation Diploma: an online course tailored for those passionate about understanding the intricate details and science behind fire scene investigations. This diploma aims to provide learners with comprehensive knowledge about the various facets of fire scene investigations, ensuring they are equipped with the skills and expertise needed in this specialised field. The course commences with 'Setting the Scene: An Introduction to Fire Investigation.' This module lays the foundation, ensuring that students grasp the basics and are prepared for the advanced topics that follow. Students will learn the importance of initial observations and first response actions at a fire scene. The journey then leads to 'Understanding Fire Dynamics', shedding light on the complex nature of fires and how they develop and spread. This is pivotal for any investigator, as knowing the behaviour of fire can offer clues about its origin and cause. Subsequently, 'The Fire Scene: Evidence and Clues' module assists learners in identifying and analysing evidence from a fire scene. Every charred remnant or burn pattern can tell a story, and it's crucial to interpret these signs accurately. 'Investigative Methodologies' takes students through systematic processes that professionals use to investigate fires. This methodology ensures all aspects are covered, and no evidence goes unnoticed. As one proceeds, 'The Chemistry of Fire' explains the underlying science. By understanding how different materials react to fire, investigators can better deduce how, why, and where a fire started. Then, the course covers 'Electrical Fires and Their Tell-Tale Signs.' Electrical fires have unique characteristics that set them apart from other fires. Being able to identify these signs can sometimes make or break a case. 'Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Fire Investigation' emphasises the importance of working with professionals from other fields. Fire investigation isn't a solo task. Collaboration often reveals insights that might otherwise remain hidden. Legal ramifications are crucial in any investigation. 'Legal Aspects of Fire Investigation' will familiarise learners with the legalities surrounding fires, ensuring that all investigations are conducted ethically and lawfully. Advancements in technology have immensely benefited the field of fire scene investigation. 'Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Fire Investigation' introduces students to state-of-the-art tools and methods, further enhancing their investigative skills. Finally, 'Case Studies and Lessons Learned' will provide learners with real-world scenarios. By analysing previous cases, students can gain insights, learn from mistakes, and apply best practices in their future investigations. In conclusion, the Fire Scene Investigation Diploma offers a meticulously crafted curriculum, ensuring that every student emerges with a robust understanding of fire scene investigations. This online course is ideal for both novices wanting to enter the field and professionals looking to enhance their skills. Equip yourself with the knowledge and expertise you need and embark on a rewarding journey into the world of fire scene investigations. What you will learn 1:Setting the Scene: An Introduction to Fire Investigation 2:Understanding Fire Dynamics 3:The Fire Scene: Evidence and Clues 4:Investigative Methodologies 5:The Chemistry of Fire 6:Electrical Fires and Their Tell-Tale Signs 7:Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Fire Investigation 8:Legal Aspects of Fire Investigation 9:Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Fire Investigation 10:Case Studies and Lessons Learned Course Outcomes After completing the course, you will receive a diploma certificate and an academic transcript from Elearn college. Assessment Each unit concludes with a multiple-choice examination. This exercise will help you recall the major aspects covered in the unit and help you ensure that you have not missed anything important in the unit. The results are readily available, which will help you see your mistakes and look at the topic once again. If the result is satisfactory, it is a green light for you to proceed to the next chapter. Accreditation Elearn College is a registered Ed-tech company under the UK Register of Learning( Ref No:10062668). After completing a course, you will be able to download the certificate and the transcript of the course from the website. For the learners who require a hard copy of the certificate and transcript, we will post it for them for an additional charge.

DWDM training course description A concise overview of Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) with both Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) being covered. The course starts with a review of the relevant elements of fibre transmission and multiplexing before then studying WDM components and architectures. Reliability, resilience and management are then followed by WDM services and futures. What will you learn Explain the benefits of WDM. Describe Dispersion and four way mixing. Describe the different WDM equipment components. Describe different WDM architectures. Explain How DWDM works. DWDM training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with CWDM/DWDM. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days DWDM training course contents Fibre communications review Optical transmission, Fibre characteristics, Fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. CWDM ITU G.694.2, channels, channel spacing. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channels, channel spacing. WDM Equipment Components Equipment components and building blocks. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. WDM/DWDM Hubs. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Types of Cross Connects (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. WDM Architectures WDM network sections. Point-to-Point, Optical switches, mesh, ring and star topology. Example of combined WDM and other technology network. Wavelength converting transponders, 1R, 2R, 3R. Protection for WDM Sub 50ms failover. Equipment protection. Card protection. Y cable, Splitter protection. Far end laser control. Line protection. OMSP 1+1, OMSP 1:1, OMSP 1: N. Self healing optical ring. Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP). Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON). WDM Management Options In band management. Out of band management. The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC). OSC capabilities. WDM services WDM Access. Bit rates, Transparent Networks. Modulation, DQPSK. SDH over WDM. Migrating from SDH to DWDM. Ethernet over WDM, IP over WDM. Optical Transport Networks G.709, 'digital wrapper', Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU), Optical Channel Transport Unit ( OTU), Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU). OTU1, OTU2, OTU3, OTU4. WDM Futures All optical amplification, Raman amplification, distributed, lumped. Bit rates. Solitons. Coherent technologies.