***Diploma in Leadership & Management*** This Level 7 Leadership & Management course will help you advance your career by providing you with the most up-to-date leadership and management information. The course requires no prior knowledge or experience, as candidates are introduced to the characteristics and qualities of an effective leader. The term 'leader' refers to someone who is followed by others, while 'manager' refers to someone who has people working for them. To guide his or her team to achieve organizational goals, a successful business owner must be both an influential leader and an active manager. Whether you are a novice or a seasoned pro, this Training Tale course will help you develop the leader within you. Learn how to build and optimize a high-performing team, cultivate an engaging organizational culture, and provide constructive feedback to coworkers by enrolling in this course. This Level 7 Leadership & Management course will help you get closer to your goals if you are new to leadership or looking to advance in your current position! By the end of the Leadership & Management course, you will have a solid understanding of what makes a great leader and how to put the strategies you have learned into practice to advance your career. Enrol in this Course to learn how to improve your leadership and management skills. Learning Outcomes After completing this Leadership & Management Course you will be able to: Become a successful leader. Distinguish between management and leadership and their impact. Encourage and reward workers who increase their production. Improve your professional communication skills. Examine various approaches, causes, and tactics that can help you advance your leadership skills and capabilities. Define the terms 'delegation' and 'leading by example.' Improve your team-building abilities. Give and receive positive reviews. Improve interviewing skills for effective employee recruitment. Why Choose Diploma in Leadership & Management Course from Us Self-paced course, access available from anywhere. Easy to understand, high-quality study materials of Leadership & Management Course. Leadership & Management Course developed by industry experts. Leadership & Management Course MCQ quiz after each module to assess your learning. Leadership & Management CourseAutomated and instant assessment results. 24/7 support via live chat, phone call or email. Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the Leadership & Management Course course. ***Diploma in Leadership & Management*** Course 01: Diploma in Leadership & Management Course 02: Level 2 Diploma in Business Administration Course 03: Level 3 Business Administration ***Other Benefits of Diploma in Leadership & Management Free 3 PDF Certificate Access to Content - Lifetime Exam Fee - Totally Free Free Retake Exam [ Note: Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the course ] Detailed course curriculum Module 1: Understanding Management & Leadership Module 2: Leadership over Yourself Module 3: Creativity and Innovation Module 4: Leadership and Teambuilding Module 5: Motivation and People Management Module 6: Communication and Leadership Module 7: Presentation, One-to-one Interview and Meeting Management Module 8: Talent Management Module 9: Strategic Leadership Module 10: Stress Management ---------------------------- Assessment Method After you have finished the Diploma in Leadership & Management Course, you will need to take an electronic multiple-choice exam or Assignment to see if you have grasped everything. To pass the exam and be eligible for the pending certificates, you must achieve at least 60%. As soon as you pass the examination, you will be qualified to request your certification. Certification After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Leadership & Management course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. It will act as proof of your extensive professional development. The certificate is in PDF format, which is completely free to download. A printed version is also available upon request. It will also be sent to you through a courier for £13.99. Who is this course for? This Leadership and Management Course is for anyone serious about their professional development. This Leadership and Management Course is designed primarily for group leaders, managers at all levels, and business professionals. Students and recent graduates who want to improve their resumes and gain experience are also welcome to enrol in this Leadership and Management Course. Requirements There are no specific requirements for this Leadership and Management Course because it does not require any advanced knowledge or skills. Students who intend to enrol in this Course must meet the following requirements: Good command of the English language Must be vivacious and self-driven Basic computer knowledge A minimum of 16 years of age is required Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included
This Leadership & Management course is designed for professionals who want to thrive in their profession. The course covers all the essential skills and knowledge needed to become specialised in this sector.
Unlock your leadership potential with our CPD certified online course. Gain practical skills in goal-setting, communication, project management, and more. Enroll now to become an exceptional leader and advance your career!
Leadership and Management Online Training This Leadership & Management will help you advance your career by providing you with the most up-to-date leadership and management information. The Leadership & Management course requires no prior knowledge or experience, as candidates are introduced to the characteristics and qualities of an effective leader. Learn how to build and optimize a high-performing team, cultivate an engaging organizational culture, and provide constructive feedback to coworkers by enrolling in this Leadership & Management course. This Leadership & Management course will help you get closer to your goals if you are new to leadership or looking to advance in your current position! By the end of the Leadership & Management, you will have a solid understanding of what makes a great leader and how to put the strategies you have learned into practice to advance your career. Enrol in this Leadership & Management course to learn how to improve your leadership and management skills. Special Offers of this Leadership Course This Leadership Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this Leadership Course Instant access to this Leadership Course Get FREE Tutor Support from Monday to Friday in this Leadership Course Diploma in Leadership Management Course 01: Diploma in Leadership Management Course 02: Minute Taking Course Course 03: Level 2 Diploma in Business Administration Course 04: Level 5 Diploma in Risk Management Course [ Note: Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the Leadership Management course ] Leadership: Leadership Course Curriculum Industry Experts Designed this Leadership & Management course into 10 detailed modules. Assessment of Leadership & Management After you have finished the Leadership & Management, you will need to take an electronic multiple-choice exam or Assignment to see if you have grasped everything. Certification of Leadership & Management After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Leadership & Management course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. Who is this course for? Leadership Management This Leadership and Management Course is for anyone serious about their professional development. This Leadership and Management Course is designed primarily for group leaders, managers at all levels, and business professionals. Students and recent graduates who want to improve their resumes and gain experience are also welcome to enrol in this Leadership and Management Course. Requirements Leadership Management Students who intend to enrol in this Leadership and Management Course must meet the following requirements: Leadership: Good command of the English language Leadership: Must be vivacious and self-driven Leadership: Basic computer knowledge Leadership: A minimum of 16 years of age is required Career path Leadership and Management Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included
Our Aim Is Your Satisfaction! Offer Ends Soon; Hurry Up!! Are you looking to improve your current abilities or make a career move? Our unique Management and Leadership Development Programme course might help you get there! Expand your expertise with high-quality training - study the Management and Leadership Development Programme course and get an expertly designed, great-value training experience. Learn from industry professionals and quickly equip yourself with the specific knowledge and skills you need to excel in your chosen career through theonline training course. The HR & Leadership Management Diploma Offers the Following Courses with Free Certificate: Course 01: Strategic Business Management Course 02: Financial Management Course 03: Diploma in Performance Analysis The Management and Leadership Development Programme course is broken down into several in-depth modules to provide you with the most convenient and rich learning experience possible. Upon successful completion of the Management and Leadership Development Programme course, an instant e-certificate will be exhibited in your profile that you can order as proof of your skills and knowledge. Add these amazing new skills to your resume and boost your employability by simply enrolling in this course. This Management and Leadership Development Programme training can help you to accomplish your ambitions and prepare you for a meaningful career. So, join us today and gear up for excellence! Why Prefer Us? Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by CPDQS. Get a free student ID card!(£10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery) Innovative and Engaging Content. Free Assessments 24/7 Tutor Support. Take a step toward a brighter future! *** Course Curriculum *** Here is the curriculum breakdown of the Management and Leadership Development Programme course: Introduction to Manager: Management Course Objectives Module 01: Grooming a New Manager Set Specific Goals Authority (What They Can and Can't Do) Create a Shared Vision The More They Learn, the More Responsibility They Get Module 02: Coaching and Mentoring (I) Writing Performance Reviews Provide Clear and Timely Feedback Praise in Public, Criticize in Private Make Sure Your Door is Always Open Module 03: Coaching and Mentoring (II) Offer Advice, Not the Solution Create a Supportive Environment Build Ownership 360 Degree Feedback Module 04: Measuring Performance Staying Within Their Budget Setting Measurable Objectives Skip Level Feedback Collaborate on Criteria to be Evaluated Module 05: Motivating Managers Provide the Needed Resources Bonuses and Incentives Give Credit for Good Work Keep Them Challenged Module 06: Signs of Poor Management Missed Deadlines Team Turnover Losing Customers Little or No Growth Module 07: Trust Your Team of Managers Do Not Micromanage Promote Open and Honest Communication Reward Initiative Trust, But Verify Module 08: When an Employee Complains About Their Manager Keep the Information Confidential Gather Information from Both Sides Coach or Delegate the Solution Follow-up with the Manager or Employee Module 09: When Do You Step In? Unsafe or Dangerous Events Legal Ramifications Severe Financial Costs Repeated Failures after Coaching Has Occurred Module 10: Remember These Basic Qualities Express Confidence in Their Abilities Practice What You Preach Have an Open Door Their Success is Your Success Assessment Process Once you have completed all the modules in the Management and Leadership Development Programme course, you can assess your skills and knowledge with an optional assignment. Certificate of Completion The learners have to complete the assessment of this Management and Leadership Development Programme course to achieve the CPDQS accredited certificate. Hard Copy Certificate: £29 (Inside UK) Hard Copy Certificate: £39 (for international students) CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone interested in learning more about the topic is advised to take this Management and Leadership Development Programme course. This course is open to everybody. Requirements You will not need any prior background or expertise to enrol in this course. Career path After completing this course, you are to start your career or begin the next phase of your career.
The Level 5 qualifications in Management and Leadership are aimed at those who are working as middle managers and those who are aspiring to be senior managers. This qualification is mainly focused on the improvement of the student’s capabilities and core management skills such as resource management, recruitment, and information management. The Level 5 Diploma in Management and Leadership has been devised for developing the key skills of middle managers and those who are striving to be senior managers. This diploma is a benchmark qualification for full CMI membership which will take you one step closer to the status of a Chartered Manager. We have a 100% pass rate due to the high levels of support delivered through our online learning platform and individual coaches/assessors are assigned to all students. Our speed of response is second to none and our 5-star rating from our students speaks for itself. We are delighted to have supported students to unleash their potential from a diverse range of organisations both within the UK and internationally from organisations that have most recently included: Michelin Barclays Firstsource Mercedes Benz Shangrila Hotels and Resorts Virgin Money UK Person College London North Norfolk District Council G&L Scientific Coca Cola New Balance PureGym As a CMI accredited Chartered Manager Centre, many of our students go on to achieve recognition as Chartered Managers through our centre. Study method Online, self-paced Duration 9 months Access to content Access until course completion Qualification Level 5 Diploma - Extended Diploma in Business and Management CPD 540 CPD hours / points Additional info Exam(s) / assessment(s) is included in price Tutor is available to students CPD 540 CPD hours / points Accredited by Chartered Management Institute Key Benefits Latest and emerging as well as classical leadership and management concepts, theories and models. Practical guidance and support from our coaches and assessors who are all CMI Chartered Managers or Fellows. An internationally – recognised professional qualification. The credits earned at this course can be transferred to other courses if the students want to pursue MBA or any other Masters. On successful completion of the programme, students will be able to demonstrate their understanding and ability to apply leadership and management good practice which will improve their attractiveness to employers. The programme covers a choice of the following Units to a Total Qualification Time of 540 hours: CMI 502 Developing, Managing and Leading Individuals and Teams to Achieve Success (60 Hours TUT) CMI 504 Managing Performance (50 Hours TUT) CMI 506 Managing Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (50 Hours TUT) CMI 514 Managing Change (50 Hours TUT) CMI 513 Managing Projects to Achieve Results (60 Hours TUT) CMI 515 Creating and Delivering Operational Plans (60 Hours TUT) CMI 517 Principles of innovation (50 Hours TUT) CMI 520 Managing finance (60 Hours TUT) CMI 523 Principles of marketing products and services (60 Hours TUT) CMI 524 Conducting a Management Project (100 Hours TUT) CMI 525 Using Reflective Practice to Inform Personal and Professional Development (50 Hours TUT) We also provide students with access to the full CMI syllabus and support them if they wish to choose alternative Units. What the programme offers Level 5 Diploma in Leadership & Management from Chartered Management Institute (CMI) Student membership of the Chartered Management Institute Full learning support and all course materials All registration and assessment fees (We don't believe in hidden costs) Unrivalled one-to-one tutor support throughout the entire learning journey. A dedicated Chartered Manager as your programme coach/assessor 24-7 access to our extensive online Academy and CMI's Management Direct learning platform. All assessment and support materials are accessible through our online learning platform Assessment feedback within 48 hours to keep students motivated and on track The opportunity to progress to become recognised as a Chartered Manager upon successful completion Who is this course for? Middle Managers, potential middle managers and senior managers/business owners who want to consolidate their understanding of leadership and management good practice and gain formal recognition of their leadership and management abilities from the Chartered Management Institute – the only worldwide Chartered leadership and management professional body. Requirements None - we offer an inclusive and welcoming learning environment to all our students and there are no barriers to entry. Prospective students should be aware this CMI level 5 qualification is approximately equivalent to an academic degree level. Students will be required to submit assignments to this level. Career path A career in leadership and management. A possible progression route on successful completion of a Level 5 qualification in Strategic Management and Leadership would be to, Progress to other qualifications at the next level (e.g. from Level 5 Certificate to Level 6 or 7 Certificate)
Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management Online Training This Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management course will help you advance your career by providing you with the most up-to-date Leadership & Management information. The Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management course requires no prior knowledge or experience, as candidates are introduced to the characteristics and qualities of an effective leader. The term 'leader' refers to someone who is followed by others, while 'manager' refers to someone who has people working for them. To guide his or her team to achieve organizational goals, a successful business owner must be both an influential leader and an active manager. Whether you are a novice or a seasoned pro, this Training Tale course will help you develop the leader within you. By the end of the Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management course, you will have a solid understanding of what makes a great leader and how to put the strategies you have learned into practice to advance your career. Enrol in this Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management course to learn how to improve your Leadership & Management skills. Main Course: Leadership and Management Course Free Courses: Course 01: Level 7 Business Management Course 02: Level 5 Negotiation Skills Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management Training Course Curriculum Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management Module 01: Understanding Management and Leadership Module 02: Leadership over Yourself Module 03: Creativity and Innovation Module 04: Leadership and Teambuilding Module 05: Motivation and People Management Module 06: Communication and Leadership Module 07: Presentation, One-to-one Interview and Meeting Management Module 08: Talent Management Module 09: Strategic Leadership Module 10: Stress Management Assessment Method of Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management After completing each module of the Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management Course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Certification of Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. Who is this course for? Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management Online Training This Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management course is for anyone serious about their professional development. Requirements Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management Online Training There are no specific requirements for this Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management course because it does not require any advanced knowledge or skills. Career path Level 7 Diploma in Leadership & Management Online Training Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included
Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for Delegates attending this course must have successfully achieved the ITIL 4 Foundation Qualification; your certificate must be presented as documentary evidence to gain admission to this course. Ideally candidates should have at least two years professional experience working in IT Service Management. The ITIL 4 HVIT Qualification would most likely suit the following delegates: Individuals continuing of their journey in service management ITSM managers and aspiring ITSM managers IT managers and practitioners involved in digital services or working in digital transformation projects, working within or towards high velocity environments Existing ITIL qualification holders wishing to develop their knowledge The above list is a suggestion only. Delegates may take as few or as many Intermediate qualifications as they require, and to suit their needs. Overview This course has been created to help IT service management practitioners working in organizations that are becoming more digitally enabled. The practitioners are familiar with traditional IT service management concepts, and now want to be able to discuss ?digital? with more confidence, to develop practical competences, and to be valued contributors in the digital domain. They want to improve how they and their co-workers: Help get customers? jobs done ? helping customers become who they seek to become Keep raising the bar ? taking things to a significantly higher level Trust and are trusted ? as professional knowledge workers in a healthy workplace Accept ambiguity and uncertainty - not scared of not knowing an answer Commit to continual learning ? all as part of their daily work The scope of the course is the primary activities in the digital value chain. In other words, what the practitioner does and which resources they use across the lifecycle of digital products, in order to: Make the right digital investments Realize and deliver digital products and services quickly Provide digital products and services that are highly resilient to disruption Ensure that the service consumer realizes value from the digital products and services Assure conformance of activities with governance, risk and compliance requirements. Understand and know how to use the key principles and methods of Organizational Change Management to direction, planning and improvement Understand and know how to use the key principles and methods of measurement and reporting in directing, planning and improvement Understand and know how to direct, plan and improve value streams and practices ITIL 4 is a framework for quality IT service management (ITSM) through proven best practice, providing practical and flexible guidance to support your organization on its journey to digital transformation while empowering your IT teams to continue to play a crucial role in the wider business strategy. This course highlights the ways in which digital organizations and digital operating models function in high-velocity environments, including the use of working practices such as Agile and Lean, and technical practices and technologies such as Cloud, Automation, and Automatic Testing. This class includes an exam voucher. Prerequisites ITIL© 4 Foundation 1 - THE NATURE OF HIGH-VELOCITY IN A DIGITAL WORLD Overview of the key ITIL 4 high-velocity terminology Understand when the transformation to high velocity IT is desirable and feasible Understand the five objectives associated with digital products ? to achieve: Valuable investments ? strategically innovative and effective application of IT Fast development - quick realization and delivery of IT services and IT-related products Resilient operations - highly resilient IT services and IT-related products Co-created value - effective interaction between service provider and consumer Assured conformance - to governance, risk and compliance (GRC) requirements. 2 - ITIL OPERATING MODEL ? DIGITAL PRODUCT LIFECYCLE Understand how high velocity IT relates to: The four dimensions of service management The ITIL service value system The service value chain The digital product lifecycle 3 - FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS FOR DELIVERING HVIT Understand the following concepts: Ethics Safety culture Toyota Kata Lean / Agile / Resilient / Continuous Service-dominant logic Design thinking Complexity thinking Use the principles, models and concepts to contribute to: Help get customers? jobs done Trust and be trusted Commit to performance Deal with uncertainty Improve by being inquisitive 4 - ACHIEVING VALUE WITH DIGITAL PRODUCTS Know how the service provider ensures valuable investments are achieved. Know how to use the following practices to contribute to achieving valuable investments: Portfolio management Relationship management Know how the service provider ensures fast deployment is achieved Know how to use the following practices to contribute to achieving fast deployment: Architecture management Business analysis Deployment management Service validation and testing Software development and management Know how the service provider ensures resilient operations are achieved Know how to use the following practices to contribute to achieving resilient operations: Availability management Capacity and performance management Monitoring and event management Problem management Service continuity management Infrastructure and platform management Know how the service provider ensures co-created value is achieved Know how to use the following practices to contribute to achieving co-created value with the service consumer: Relationship management Service design Service desk Know how the service provider ensures assured conformance is achieved Know how to use the following practices to contribute to achieving assured conformance: Information security management Risk management
Overview The challenging and stressful job of leading a team towards a goal can be quite easy if you have the right skills. Develop the key skills and expertise required to be a proficient leader with our Leadership & Management Diploma Complete Bundle. This 8-in-1 bundle includes the following courses. LEADERSHIP AND PEOPLE MANAGEMENT DIPLOMA PROFESSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT DIPLOMA EMERGENCY PLANNING TRAINING LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP DIPLOMA PERSONAL LEADERSHIP TIME MANAGEMENT TRAINING DELEGATION SKILLS FOR MANAGERS This bundle course is the perfect training ground for those who aspire to be great leaders. In this course, you will learn the core theories of leadership. The informative modules will teach you effective techniques for people management, emergency planning and project management. You will get the chance to develop the skills required for effective communication and employee motivation. Furthermore, you will be able to polish your delegation and time management skills. At the end of this bundle course, you will receive a certificate of achievement. This certificate will vouch for your leadership skills and open new doors of career opportunities. Join now! Learning Outcomes Understand the basic principles of people management Learn about different stages of the project life cycle Get introduced to the key elements of the emergency response procedure Familiarise yourself with the leadership theories Know how to keep the employees motivated Develop the ability to effectively communicate as a leader Improve your time management and delegation skills Why Take This Course From John Academy? Affordable, well-structured and high-quality e-learning study materials Meticulously crafted engaging and informative tutorial videos and materials Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result Earn UK & internationally recognised accredited qualification Easily access the course content on mobile, tablet, or desktop from anywhere, anytime Excellent career advancement opportunities Get 24/7 student support via email What Skills Will You Learn from This Course? Project Management Time Management Delegation People Management Communication Motivation Who Should Take This Leadership & Management Diploma Complete Bundle? Whether you're an existing practitioner or an aspiring professional, this course is an ideal training opportunity. It will elevate your expertise and boost your CV with key skills and a recognised qualification attesting to your knowledge. Are There Any Entry Requirements? This Leadership & Management Diploma Complete Bundle is available to all learners of all academic backgrounds. But learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. And a good understanding of the English language, numeracy, and ICT will be helpful. Certificate of Achievement After completing this course successfully, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. Certificates & Transcripts can be obtained either in Hardcopy at £14.99 or in PDF format at £11.99. Career Pathâ This exclusive Leadership & Management Diploma Complete Bundle will equip you with effective skills and abilities and help you explore career paths such as Project Manager Human Resources Manager: Team Supervisor Consultant Entrepreneur
Give a compliment to your career and take it to the next level. This Leadership and People Management bundle will provide you with the essential knowledge to shine in your professional career. Whether you want to develop skills for your next job or elevate your skills for your next promotion, this Leadership and People Management bundle will help you stay ahead of the pack. Throughout the Leadership and People Management programme, it stresses how to improve your competency as a person in your chosen field while also outlining essential career insights in the relevant job sector. Along with this Leadership and People Management course, you will get 10 premium courses, an original hardcopy, 11 PDF certificates (Main Course + Additional Courses) Student ID card as gifts. This Leadership and People Management Bundle Consists of the following Premium courses: Course 01: Leadership & Management Diploma Course 02: Team Building Masterclass Course 03: Leadership Skills for The Future Course 04: People Management Skills Level 3 Course 05: Equality and Diversity Course 06: Effective Communication Skills Diploma Course 07: Conflict Management Course 08: Change Management Level 3 Course 09: Motivation Skills Course 10: Dealing With Difficult People Training Course Course 11: Enrol now in Leadership and People Management to advance your career, and use the premium study materials from Apex Learning. The bundle incorporates basic to advanced level skills to shed some light on your way and boost your career. Hence, you can strengthen your Leadership and People Management expertise and essential knowledge, which will assist you in reaching your goal. Moreover, you can learn from any place in your own time without travelling for classes. Course Curriculum: Leadership & Management Diploma Understanding Management and Leadership Leadership Theories Improving Management and Leadership Performance High Performance Teams Motivating Employees Organisational Skills Talent Management Succession Planning Business Process Management Communication Skills Negotiation Techniques Managing Meetings and Giving Feedback Managing Change Time Management Stress Management Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Managing Conflict Dealing with Office Politics Risk Management Corporate Responsibility and Ethics And 10 more courses ... CPD 110 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this Leadership and People Management bundle. Requirements This Leadership and People Management course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones. Career path Having this expertise will increase the value of your CV and open you up to multiple job sectors. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included Cost of PDF Certificates is included in course price Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the Hard Copy certificate for the title course (Leadership & Management Diploma) absolutely Free! Other Hard Copy certificates are available for £10 each. Please Note: The delivery charge inside the UK is £3.99, and the international students must pay a £9.99 shipping cost.