IP CCTV training course description This hands on course covers the technologies used in IP CCTV systems. The focus is not on operating or cabling but more advanced configuration and troubleshooting. Hands on sessions are used to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer equipment. What will you learn Install IP CCTV. Configure IP CCTV. Explain how IP CCTV protocols work. Troubleshoot IP CCTV. IP CCTV training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with IP CCTV. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days IP CCTV training course contents Introduction What is IP CCTV? Camera types, Video, Audio, two way audio, IP CCTV software. Hands on Installing IP CCTV. CCTV architecture Components, servers, storage, LANs, WANs. Centralised versus decentralised. Hands on Using IP CCTV. Ethernet What is Ethernet? Ethernet cabling, Inside versus outside, hubs, switches, PoE, VLANs. Hands on Ethernet connectivity. Wireless WiFi, other wireless solutions, 802.11, variations, frequencies, Access Points, bridges, repeaters. WEP, WPA, WPA2, Hands on WiFi Configuration Ways to configure, IP addresses, subnet mask, default gateway, DHCP, NAT, access from the Internet. Hands on CCTV configuration. How IP CCTV works TCP, UDP, IP, RTP, RTSP, SIP, PTZ, NTP, Wireshark. Port numbers. Hands on Using Wireshark to troubleshoot IP CCTV. Network issues with IP CCTV Bandwidth, video resolution, compressions, codecs, frame rates, audio. QoS. One way versus two way traffic. Hands on Analysing CCTV traffic. Security VPNs, Firewalls. Hands on CCTV through a firewall. Troubleshooting ping, tracert, arp, ipconfig, pathping, tracert. Cable issues, switch issues, WiFi issues.CCTV issues. Hands on CCTV troubleshooting. Miscellaneous Design issues, multicasting, gateways. DVR technology. Calculating storage requirements.
ADO.NET training course description This ADO.net training course is designed to enable developers to use the toolset provided with.NET for data access including ADO.net objects, data controls, designers and interoperability with earlier ADO objects. The course is applicable for those using C# or VB.NET with ADO.NET What will you learn Retrieve and manipulate data using Microsoft's ADO.NET library. Work with the ADO.NET object model. Update data, including handling stored procedures, parameters, and return value. Search, sort and filter data. Leverage the power of XML. ADO.NET training course details Who will benefit: Programmers working with ADO.Net. Prerequisites: Effective programming with VB.NET or Concise introduction to C# Duration 2 days ADO.NET training course contents Introducing ADO.Net Traditional Data Access Architecture. ADO.Net Disconnected Data Access Architecture. Different components of ADO.Net. A review of basic SQL queries SQL SELECT Statement. SQL INSERT Statement. SQL UPDATE Statement. SQL DELETE Statement. Common data access tasks with ADO.Net Accessing Data using ADO.Net. Defining the connection string. Defining a Connection. Defining the command or command string. Defining the Data Adapter. Creating and filling the DataSet. A Demonstration Application The Interface. Loading the table. Filling the controls on the Form. Navigating through the records. Updating Data Steps for updating the table. Building the Application. Loading the table and displaying data in the form's controls. Initialising Commands. Adding Parameters to the commands. The ToggleControls() method of our application. Editing (or Updating) Records. Event Handler for the Save Button. Event Handler for the Cancel Button. Inserting Records. Deleting a Record. Using Stored Procedures Sample Stored Procedures. UPDATE Stored Procedure. INSERT Stored Procedure. DELETE Stored Procedure. SELECT Stored Procedure. Using Stored Procedures with ADO.Net.
Employees in the construction sector who operate at heights need to understand the risks to their health and safety as well as their legal obligations. There are numerous risks associated with working at height, so it's critical to take the appropriate precautions in order to work carefully and safely. For people who are overseeing or working at height, there is a comprehensive training course called Working at Height. You will gain knowledge about HSE law, personal protective equipment, legal requirements for employers and employees, and much more. The most frequent reasons for falls from heights, how to recognize and assess health and safety hazards at work, and what to do in an emergency are all covered in this Working at Height course. You will also receive detailed instructions on construction safety, including how to carry out comprehensive risk assessments and put in place an efficient emergency rescue plan. Key Features: This Working at Height - Level 3 CPD UK Accredited Course Includes: This Working at Height Course is CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access This course on Working at Height is intended for employees, supervisors, and anyone else who conducts work near excavations or at an elevated height. It outlines all of the possible dangers associated with this kind of employment as well as the best ways to avoid any situations that can result in fatalities or serious injuries. After completing the Working at Height course, students will be equipped with the information and skills necessary to conduct risk assessments, utilize the proper equipment, and adhere to all UK legislation that are in place to protect people from the risks associated with working at heights. This material is organized into three thorough modules that don't require any prior knowledge to comprehend or finish. Course Curriculum: Working at Height - Level 3 CPD UK Accredited Module 1: Overview, Guidelines, and Responsibilities This lesson gives information on the most frequent occurrences that occur in the UK and explains what is meant by "Working at Height." We also examine the legal obligations that companies and employees have when it comes to this kind of labor, as well as the UK legislation (WAHR 2005) that control it. Module 02: Evaluation and Preventive Measures The complete process of applying risk assessment to planned work where height-related tasks must be completed is covered in Working at Height Module Two. It describes the various kinds of risks you can face and how to lessen the likelihood that someone would suffer harm. Module 3: Using Equipment to Work at Heights The course looks at the various kinds of equipment that a worker might need to employ when working at a height in Working at Height Module Three. This results in recommendations for the safest operation of equipment like scaffolding and MAWPs, as well as important inspection standards for equipment like podium stairs and step-ladders. Learning Outcomes Working at Height - Level 3 CPD UK Accredited: Understand regulations governing Working at Height, demonstrating legal compliance and accountability. Assess potential risks and apply preventive measures in various height-related scenarios. Identify and proficiently use appropriate equipment for safe work at elevated locations. Demonstrate responsibility by adhering to safety standards and workplace regulations. Evaluate working conditions and implement effective strategies to mitigate height-related hazards. Develop a comprehensive understanding of responsibilities related to working at heights. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by The CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Working at Height - Level 3 CPD UK Accredited course is accessible to anyone eager to learn more about this topic. Through this course, you'll gain a solid understanding of Working at Height. Moreover, this course is ideal for: Construction workers Maintenance personnel Health and safety officers Supervisors in various industries Facilities management staff Requirements There are no requirements needed to enrol into this Working at Height - Level 3 CPD UK Accreditedcourse. We welcome individuals from all backgrounds and levels of experience to enrol into this Working at Height course. Career path After finishing this Working at Height course you will have multiple job opportunities waiting for you. Some of the the following Job sectors of Working at Heightare: Window cleaning: £37,000 - £40,000 per annum Construction worker: £27,000 - £28,000 per annum Firefighting: £25,000 - £27,000 per annum bricklaying: £21,000 - £37,000 per annum Roofing: £25,000 - £45,000 per annum Certificates Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.
This Level 1 Working With Children is an introductory course designed for learners, regardless of employment status, who want or need to develop their understanding of the main issues in childcare learning and development. The Level 1 Working With Children qualification provides students with a good understanding of the practical skills required for working with young children and employment in general. This Level 1 Working With Children course covers healthy eating and planning and participating in activities to encourage children to eat healthily. This Level 1 Working With Children course also covers supporting the provision of a safe learning environment for young children, health and safety requirements and the importance of keeping all children safe from harm, designing a range of play activities for young children aimed at their age and stage of development. Learning Outcomes After completing Level 1 Working With Children course, the learner will be able to: Understand how to encourage children to eat healthily. Understand how to create a safe environment for young children. Understand the features of effective teamwork. Understand the role in promoting children's rights. Understand how to provide a variety of appropriate play activities for young children. Why Choose Level 1 Working With Children Course from Us Self-paced course, access available from anywhere. Easy to understand, high-quality study materials. Working with Children Course developed by industry experts. MCQ quiz after each module to assess your learning. Automated and instant assessment results. 24/7 support via live chat, phone call or email. Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the course. ***Courses are included in this Working With Children - Bundle Course Course 01: Level 1 Working With Children Course 02: Level 2 Diploma for the Early Years Practitioner Course 03: Level 2 Certificate in Behaviour that Challenges in Children Course 04: Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Common Childhood Illnesses Affecting Children Course 05: Level 2 Award in Babysitting Course 06: Level 2 Award in Support Work in Schools and Colleges Course 07: Child Protection and Risk Assessment Course 08: Level 3 Award in Childcare and Education Course Course 09: Nursery Nurse Course Course 10: Childcare and Nutrition Course 11: Autism Diploma Course Course 12: Diploma in Special Education Needs (SEN) ***Other Benefits of Working With Children - Bundle Course Free 12 PDF Certificate Lifetime Access Free Retake Exam Tutor Support [ Note: Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the Level 1 Working With Children course ] Course Curriculum Of Level 1 Award in Working With Children Module 01: Encouraging Children to Eat Healthily Module 02: Create a Safe Environment for Young Children Module 03: Working in a Team Module 04: Contribute to Equality of Opportunity in Support of Young Children's Development Module 05: Provide a Range of Appropriate Play Activities for Young Children >> ---------------- << Assessment Method After completing each module of the Level 1 Working With Children Course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Certification After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Level 1 Working With Children course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. The certificate is in PDF format, which is completely free to download. A printed version is also available upon request. It will also be sent to you through a courier for £13.99. Who is this course for? The Level 1 Working With Children course is ideal for motivated students who want to improve their personal and professional skills while also preparing for their dream job! This Course is also ideal for those who want to learn in-depth about this topic and value staying up to date on the most recent facts and expertise. Requirements There are no specific requirements for Level 1 Working With Children course because it does not require any advanced knowledge or skills. Career path This Level 1 Working with Children course does not provide a direct job qualification. However, you must deal with children as a parent, teacher, family member, or other professional. That is why it is critical to understand the Working with Children Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included
PRINCE2® Practitioner: Virtual In-House Training Projects fail for a variety of reasons including poor planning, lack of defined quality criteria, poor understanding of the business drivers, inadequate control, and lack of senior management involvement in other words, lack of a structured best practice approach to project delivery. PRINCE2® (6th Edition is the current version) is a structured, process-based approach for project management providing a methodology which can be easily tailored and scaled to suit all types of projects. It is the de facto standard for project management in the UK Government and is also used extensively in more than 150 countries worldwide with in excess of 20,000 organizations already benefitting from its powerful approach. It can be used easily in combination with PMI®'s PMBOK® Guide to provide a robust project methodology, or to augment an existing PMBOK®-based methodology with additional rigor around areas such as Quality, Organization, and Benefits Realization. The goals of this course are to take participants to the next level of understanding and application of the PRINCE2® methodology and to prepare them to sit the Practitioner exam. Using APMG provided sample exam papers and additional project case studies, participants will learn how to apply what they learned during the Foundation course and how to approach the OTE Practitioner exam, which is aimed at testing their ability to apply PRINCE2® in an actual project environment simulated via a case study provided as part of the exam. What you will Learn You'll learn how to: Tailor and apply the principles, themes, process structure, techniques, and management products of PRINCE2® within a work environment, via carefully selected case studies Define the PRINCE2® 6th Edition method at the Practitioner level Prepare for and take the Practitioner exam Getting Started Introductions Course structure Course goals and objectives Tailoring PRINCE2® Tailoring PRINCE2® Adopting PRINCE2® Tailoring PRINCE2® to suit different projects Adopting PRINCE2® in an organizational environment Controlled Start Recap management products Study business case and risk Study activities and responsibilities in: Starting up a project Initiating a project Controlled Progress Study management products and risk Study activities and responsibilities in: Getting work done Monitoring and reporting Issues and escalation Controlled Close Study Activities and Responsibilities in Closing a Project Activities and roles Roles and Responsibilities Principles Exercise Product-basedPlanning Producing a product breakdown structure (PBS) Producing a product flow diagram (PFD) Linking product breakdown structures and product flow diagrams to product descriptions
About this Training Course Exploration and production technology, equipment specification and processes have a unique language that must be conquered by executives such as you. A confident understanding of the technical jargon and a visual appreciation of the various pieces of equipment used provides for an overall 'big picture' of industry value chain. This serves as an excellent foundation for smooth communication and increased efficiency in inter-department project team efforts. Gain a comprehensive overview of the entire value chain and process of oil & gas upstream operations and business in this 3 full-day training course. Training Objectives By attending this industry fundamentals training course, participants will be better able to: Appreciate the dynamics of world energy demand & supply and its impact on pricing Understand the formation of petroleum reservoirs and basic geological considerations Examine the exploration process to gain an overview of the technical processes involved Gain a comprehensive overview of drilling activities - from pre-drilling preparation, through to well drilling, well evaluations and post drilling activities Get familiarised with the common production methods and the different stages of its processes Integrate your understanding of asset maintenance and downstream supply chain activities Better visualise through video presentations the various exploration equipment/ technologies and understand the major cost components Target Audience This course will be useful and applicable, but not limited to: Accounting Administration Business Development Commercial Construction E & P IT / Data Finance Finance & Treasury Health & Safety Human Resource Joint Venture Co-ordinators Legal Logistics Materials Planning Procurement Sales & Marketing Senior Management Sourcing Strategic Planning Supply Chain Tender Contract Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods Multi-media presentation methodology to enable better understanding and appreciation technical jargon and equipment applied in the field A pre-course questionnaire to help us focus on your key learning objectives Detailed reference manual for continuous learning and sharing Limited class size to ensure one to one interactivity Trainer Your expert course leader worked for BP for 28 years as a Research Associate and Team Leader, working on Feasibility Studies and acting as a trouble shooter covering all aspects of BPs businesses. These covered field Development Project in the North Sea and several novel resource recovery techniques which were taken from Concept to Field Pilot trials in Canada. His specific work in the offshore area covered Subsea Robotics / Automation, Seabed Production Concepts, Seabed Excavation Methods, Underwater Repair Techniques, Flexible Riser Studies and Maintenance Cost Reductions. After leaving BP in 1992, he continued working in the offshore oil industry through Azur Offshore Ltd, including activities in the assessment of Emerging and Novel Technologies, Technical and Economic Audits, Studies, Production Sharing Agreement Evaluations, Safety and Environmental issues. Clients have included Chevron UK, BP Exploration, British Gas, Technomare, Trident Consultants, Fina UK and Cameron France. He is a regular University lecturer at Crandfield School of Industrial Sciences (UK) and is a course Group Project external examiner for Crandfield. He also lectures on offshore oil industry activities at ENSIETA (France), the Technical University of Delft (Holland) and the Northern Territories University in Darwin (Australia). He is an active member of the UK Society for Underwater Technology (SUT) and serves on their Subsea Engineering and Operations Committee. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations
(HR) Human Resources: Preventing Sexual Harassment at Work Master HR guidelines on preventing workplace sexual harassment. Learn HR practices for legal compliance and effective incident response. Equip your HR toolkit with robust prevention measures. Learning Outcomes: Define HR role in sexual harassment identification. Analyze HR-related legal implications of harassment. Detect HR-critical instances of workplace harassment. Implement HR-endorsed harassment response protocols. Establish HR-driven preventive workplace measures. More Benefits: LIFETIME access Device Compatibility Free Workplace Management Toolkit (HR) Human Resources: Preventing Sexual Harassment at Work Course Syllabus HR Guidelines for Understanding Harassment: Grasp the multifaceted HR perspectives on what constitutes sexual harassment in workplaces. Legal HR Frameworks on Harassment: Explore HR's role in understanding the legal implications and necessary compliance measures related to sexual harassment. HR Skills in Identifying Harassment: Acquire HR competency in recognizing sexual harassment instances proactively. HR Protocols for Harassment Responses: Master HR-endorsed strategies for responding to sexual harassment effectively, fostering a secure workplace. HR Measures for Harassment Prevention: Learn HR-approved proactive measures for establishing a harassment-deterrent work environment. Employee Rights Under HR: Understand the HR obligations in safeguarding the rights and protections for employees who report sexual harassment.
Duration 2 Days 12 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is designed for people who know how to create basic list and group reports and need to create reports that include subreports, cross-tabs, advanced formulas, and charts based on more than one data series. They may also need to build tools that make it easier for other people to create reports. They may or may not have programming and/or SQL experience. Overview In this course, you will create complex reports using tools in Crystal Reports 2016. You will: Create automatic and manual running totals. Work with cross-tab reports. Add subreports. Create drill-downs in a report. Use SQL statements in report processing. Create complex formulas. Add charts to reports. Enhance report functionality. In this course, students will create complex reports & data sources using the tools in Crystal Reports 2016. Students will not only create more complex reports including sub-reports and cross-tabs, but will also increase their speed and efficiency. 1 - CREATING RUNNING TOTALS Topic A: Create a Running Total Field Topic B: Modify a Running Total Field Topic C: Create a Manual Running Total 2 - WORKING WITH CROSS-TABS Topic A: Create a Cross-Tab Report Topic B: Format a Cross-Tab Report Topic C: Create Groups in Cross-Tab Reports 3 - ADDING SUBREPORTS Topic A: Insert a Subreport Topic B: Edit a Subreport Topic C: Share Variables 4 - CREATING DRILL-DOWNS IN A REPORT Topic A: Create a Drill-Down Topic B: Create Headings for Drill-Down Data 5 - USING SQL STATEMENTS IN REPORT PROCESSING Topic A: Create a Report Using SQL Queries Topic B: Summarize Report Data Topic C: Create Joins Using SQL Topic D: Create Subqueries Topic E: Create an SQL Expression Field 6 - CREATING COMPLEX FORMULAS Topic A: Work with Loops Topic B: Work with Arrays 7 - ADDING CHARTS TO REPORTS Topic A: Create Charts Topic B: Create a Chart with Drill-Down Topic C: Create a Top N Chart Topic D: Create a Cross-Tab Chart Topic E: Create Charts for Grouped Data Topic F: Format a Chart Topic G: Create a Chart Template 8 - ENHANCING REPORT FUNCTIONALITY Topic A: Organize Data Based on a Hierarchy Topic B: Create a Dynamic Image Topic C: Create a Report Alert Topic D: Create a Geographic Map 9 - APPENDIX Appendix A: Managing Reports Appendix B: Processing Data on the Server Appendix C: Detecting and Fixing Problems
Begin a transformative learning experience with 'Back Injury Prevention Strategies for the Workplace,' designed to reshape your understanding of workplace health. This course kicks off with a thorough introduction to the essentials of preventing back injuries, setting a foundation for safer, healthier work practices. It's not just about learning the mechanics; it's about cultivating a mindset of proactive health management in your professional environment. As the course progresses, it delves into identifying risk factors for back injuries, equipping you with the knowledge to spot and mitigate potential hazards before they lead to injury. Journey through practical modules that teach the essentials of maintaining proper posture and safe lifting techniques, vital skills for preserving back health in various occupational settings. The course goes beyond simple guidelines; it provides an in-depth exploration of back-friendly exercises and activities that promote spinal health. Concluding with strategies for injury prevention and creating a safe work environment, this course offers a holistic approach to back care. By the end of this program, you will have the tools and understanding necessary to implement effective back injury prevention measures in your workplace, fostering a culture of health and safety. Learning Outcomes Understand the fundamentals of back injury prevention in the workplace. Identify and assess risk factors contributing to back injuries. Master the principles of maintaining proper posture in work settings. Learn and apply safe lifting techniques to minimize injury risks. Develop strategies for incorporating back-friendly exercises and creating safer work environments. Why choose this Back Injury Prevention Strategies for the Workplace course? Unlimited access to the course for a lifetime. Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by the CPD Quality Standards and CIQ after completing this course. Structured lesson planning in line with industry standards. Immerse yourself in innovative and captivating course materials and activities. Assessments designed to evaluate advanced cognitive abilities and skill proficiency. Flexibility to complete the Course at your own pace, on your own schedule. Receive full tutor support throughout the week, from Monday to Friday, to enhance your learning experience. Unlock career resources for CV improvement, interview readiness, and job success. Who is this Back Injury Prevention Strategies for the Workplace course for? Employees across various sectors seeking to prevent workplace injuries. Health and safety officers in organizations focusing on employee well-being. Managers and supervisors responsible for staff training and safety. Physical therapists and healthcare professionals interested in workplace health. Individuals aiming to learn more about personal back care and injury prevention. Career path Health and Safety Manager: £30,000 - £50,000 Occupational Therapist: £27,000 - £40,000 Workplace Wellness Coordinator: £25,000 - £45,000 Ergonomics Consultant: £28,000 - £55,000 Physical Rehabilitation Specialist: £26,000 - £42,000 Corporate Trainer (Health and Safety): £29,000 - £48,000 Prerequisites This Back Injury Prevention Strategies for the Workplace does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning.This Back Injury Prevention Strategies for the Workplace was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Certification After studying the course materials, there will be a written assignment test which you can take at the end of the course. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £4.99 Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £8. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Back Injury Prevention Introduction to Back Injury Prevention 00:13:00 Module 02: Identifying Risk Factors for Back Injuries Identifying Risk Factors for Back Injuries 00:13:00 Module 03: Maintaining Proper Posture Maintaining Proper Posture 00:16:00 Module 04: Safe Lifting Techniques Safe Lifting Techniques 00:17:00 Module 05: Back-Friendly Exercises Back-Friendly Exercises 00:15:00 Module 06: Injury Prevention Strategies and Creating a Safe Environment Injury Prevention Strategies and Creating a Safe Environment 00:19:00
Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for The primary audience for this course is Enterprise Desktop Support Technicians (EDSTs). These technicians provide Tier 2 support to users with domain-joined computers running the Windows 11 OS, typically in medium to large enterprise organizations. Overview Important Windows 11 features How these features are used in an Active Directory How to troubleshoot these features This is a 5-day ILT course that is designed to provide you with the knowledge and skills required to support and troubleshoot Windows 11 PCs and devices in an on-premises Windows Server Active Directory domain environment. 1: Introducing Windows 11 Overview of Windows 11 Recommendations for typical troubleshooting procedures Troubleshooting installation and deployment Introduction to management and troubleshooting tools 2: Administering Windows 11 remotely Using Windows Admin Center Using Windows PowerShell Implementing Remote Management 3: Troubleshooting startup and performing system recovery Recovering Windows 11 Configuring the Registry Troubleshooting Windows 11 startup Implementing and troubleshooting BitLocker Troubleshooting OS service Issues 4: Troubleshooting devices and device drivers Overview of hardware troubleshooting Troubleshooting device drivers 5: Configuring and troubleshooting network connectivity Configuring network connectivity Troubleshooting network connectivity Implementing and troubleshooting name resolution Implementing and troubleshooting remote access 6: Troubleshooting Group Policy Overview of Group Policy Resolve GPO application issues on client devices 7: Configuring and Troubleshooting Security Settings Implementing network security Implementing Windows 11 security features Configuring and troubleshooting user accounts 8: Configuring and Troubleshooting User State Implementing and troubleshooting user state Implementing and troubleshooting Folder Redirection 9: Configuring and Troubleshooting Resource Access Configuring and troubleshooting file access. Configuring and troubleshooting shared folders. Implementing and troubleshooting Work Folders. Managing and troubleshooting printers. Recovering files. 10: Troubleshooting apps Troubleshooting desktop apps Troubleshooting app compatibility Managing UWP apps 11: Monitoring and Maintaining Windows 11 Monitoring Windows 11 Optimizing Windows 11 performance Managing Windows 11 updates