665 Courses in Cardiff delivered Online

Duration 4 Days 24 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is intended for: Network administrators Network engineers with little or no programming or Python experience Network managers Systems engineers Overview After taking this course, you should be able to: Create a Python script Describe data types commonly used in Python coding Describe Python strings and their use cases Describe Python loops, conditionals, operators, and their purposes and use cases Describe Python classes, methods, functions, namespaces, and scopes Describe the options for Python data manipulation and storage Describe Python modules and packages, their uses, and their benefits Explain how to manipulate user input in Python Describe error and exception management in Python Describe Python code debugging methods The Programming for Network Engineers (PRNE) v2.0 course is designed to equip you with fundamental skills in Python programming. Through a combination of lectures and lab experience in simulated network environments, you will learn to use Python basics to create useful and practical scripts with Netmiko to retrieve data and configure network devices. Upon completion of this course, you should have a basic understanding of Python, including the knowledge to create, apply, and troubleshoot simple network automation scripts. Course Outline Introducing Programmability and Python for Network Engineers Scripting with Python Examining Python Data Types Manipulating Strings Describing Conditionals, Loops, and Operators Exploring Classes, Methods, Functions, Namespaces, and Scopes Exploring Data Storage Options Exploring Python Modules and Packages Gathering and Validating User Input Analyzing Exceptions and Error Management Examining Debugging Methods

Embark on a dynamic journey in Journalism with our comprehensive course. From exploring its history, understanding laws, to mastering different media platforms and ethical dilemmas, this program prepares you to excel in the fast-evolving world of journalism.

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for This intermediate-level course requires students have incoming experience working with Oracle Database 18 or higher. Overview Working in a hands-on learning environment led by our expert facilitator, you'll explore: The Oracle Database Architecture Query Optimizer Tuning Container Databases and Pluggable Databases Oracle 19c Tuning features Evaluating Execution Plans Oracle Tuning Tools Using Automatic Workload Repository Join Types AWR Using Baselines Additional AWR performance tools Optimizer Statistics Monitoring a Service Bind Variables and database parameters Oracle's Real Application Testing (RAT) SQL Tuning Advisor Automatic Sql Tuning Sql Plan Management Shared Pool Tuning Tuning the database buffer cache Tuning the PGA (Program Global Area) Automatic Memory Management (AMM) Tuning Segment Space Utilization (ASSM) Automatic Storage Management Oracle 19C Database Tuning is an intermediate level course for Oracle database experienced attendees that explores core tuning skills such as Database parameters, SQL Tuning Advisor, SQL Access Advisor, Adaptive SQL plans and more. Overview Oracle Database Architecture Instance Definition Define SGA Define Background Processes Datafile Definition Query Optimizer SQL Parsing Optimizing Terms Optimizing Methods Query Plan Generation Query Plan Control Tuning Container Databases and Pluggable Databases Pluggable tuning parameters Define Container tuning structure Using PDB$SEED Create a new PDB Plug and unplug a PDB Oracle 12c Tuning features Identifying and Using Oracle's Heat Map 12c Compression Levels and Types Evaluating Execution Plans Defining SQL execution plans Automatic Workload Repository Reading execution plans Oracle Tuning Tools Monitoring tools overview Enterprise Manager Dynamic Performance Views Automatic Workload Repository Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor Sql Tuning Advisor SQL Access Advisor Sql Access Advisor DB operation Tuning DB operation Active Reporting Using Automatic Workload Repository Defining AWR AWR Settings Creating AWR Baselines Metrics, Alerts, and Thresholds Defining Metrics Setting Alerts Setting Corrective Actions User Defined Metrics Metric Dynamic Views Join Types Nested Loops Join Sort Merge join Hash Join and Cartesian Join Equijoins and Nonequijoins Outer Joins Semijoins AWR Using Baselines Creating AWR baselines Creating AWR Repeating baselines Moving Window Baseline Additional AWR performance tools Automatic Maintenance Tasks Segment Advisor Statistics Gathering Automatic Tuning Optimizer Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor Active Session History (ASH) Optimizer Statistics Optimizer Statistics Overview Table and Index Statistics Statistic Preferences Statistics Gathering e) Locking Statistics, Export/Import Statistics Pending and published statistics Optimizer Hints Optimizer Paths Cost Base Optimization Monitoring a Service Overview of what is an Oracle Service Creating an Oracle Service for Single instance and RAC Monitoring a Service Resource Management and a Service Enterprise Manager and a Service Bind Variables and database parameters Bind variable definition Cursor_sharing parameter Adaptive Cursor Sharing Oracle's Real Application Testing (RAT) Sql Performance Analyzer overview Sql Performance Analyzer Options Database Parameter changes Database version changes Creating SQL Tuning Sets Database Replay Overview Database Replay Configuration Database Replay Options SQL Tuning Advisor SQL Tuning Advisor: Overview SQL Tuning Advisor Limited Mode Sql Tuning Advisor Comprehensive mode Sql Tuning Profiles SQL Access Advisor SQL Access Advisor: Overview Sql Access Advisor options SQL Access Advisor and Sql Tuning Sets Sql Access Advisor and AWR Results and Implementation Automatic Sql Tuning Automatic Sql Tuning Maintenance Task Automatic Tuning Optimization implementation(ATO) Automatic Tuning Optimization Results Enable/Disable Automatic Tuning Optimization Sql Plan Management Sql plan Management and baseline overview Enable sql plan management Loading Sql Plan baselines into the SGA Adaptive plan management Shared Pool Tuning Shared pool architecture Shared pool parameters Library Cache Dictionary cache Large pool considerations and contents Tuning the database buffer cache Database buffer cache overview Database buffer cache parameters Oracle and Dirty reads and writes Automatic Shared Memory Management (ASMM) Buffer Cache goals and responsibility Buffer Cache pools Tuning the PGA (Program Global Area) PGA Overview PGA Database Parameters Temporary Segments Temporary Tablespace Sizing the PGA Automatic Memory Management (AMM) Oracle's Automatic Memory Management Overview Database Auto-tuned Parameters Database Non Auto-tuned Parameters Automatic Memory Management Hints and Sizing suggestions AMM versus ASMM Tuning Segment Space Utilization (ASSM) Overview of Automatic Segment Space Management Defining the DB_BLOCK_SIZE Defining DB_nk_CACHE_SIZE parameter The DB_BLOCK_SIZE Parameter Overview of table compression, block chaining, and block migration Automatic Storage Management Overview of ASM Definition of Grid Infrastructure ASM Instance ASM Diskgroups ASM Diskgroup parameters and templates ASMCMD

Learn the entire Know Your Client (KYC) process in detail. It is a process that financial institutions and other regulated companies use to verify the identity of their clients and assess their potential risks for money laundering or financing terrorism. The goal of KYC is to prevent these illegal activities by gathering information about customers and their financial transactions. This information helps the company to understand the customer's needs, business and financial position, and any potential risks involved in working with them. The KYC process collects and verifies the customer's personal and financial information. It may also include ongoing monitoring of the customer's transactions to ensure that they are consistent with the information provided during the KYC process. KYC is an integral part of financial regulation and is required by law in many countries. Financial institutions must comply with KYC regulations to prevent money laundering and other financial crimes. KYC is also essential for customer protection, as it helps to ensure that customers are not exposed to fraud or other financial risks. So, without further ado, Enrol this exclusive bundle course today. Along with this AML & KYC course, you will get 10 other premium courses. Also, you will get an original Hardcopy and PDF certificate for the title course and a student ID card absolutely free. This AML & KYC Bundle Consists of the following Premium courses: Course 01: Anti Money Laundering (AML) Regulation for AML Officers Diploma Course 02: Know Your Customer (KYC) Course 03: Financial Investigator Course 04: Level 3 Tax Accounting Course 05: Financial Analysis Course 06: English Law and Legal System Level 3 Course 07: Compliance & Business Risk Management Course 08: GDPR Data Protection Level 5 Course 09: Understanding Wills and Probate Laws - Level 2 Course 10: Effective Communication Skills Course 11: Decision-Making Enrol now in AML & KYC to advance your career, and use the premium study materials from Apex Learning. Learning Outcomes: Understand the purpose and importance of KYC in preventing money laundering and financing terrorism. Know the key elements of a KYC process, including customer identification, risk assessment, and ongoing monitoring. Be able to gather and verify customer information as part of a KYC process. Understand how to use KYC information to assess a customer's risk level and determine appropriate action. Know how to maintain and update customer KYC information as needed. Be familiar with relevant regulations and guidelines. Understand the role of technology in automating and streamlining the KYC process. Curriculum of Bundle Course 01: Anti Money Laundering (AML) Regulation for AML Officers Diploma Introduction to Money Laundering Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 Development of Anti-Money Laundering Regulation Responsibility of the Money Laundering Reporting Office Risk-based Approach Customer Due Diligence Record Keeping Suspicious Conduct and Transactions Awareness and Training How will I get my Certificate? After successfully completing the course you will be able to order your CPD Accredited Certificates (PDF + Hard Copy) as proof of your achievement. PDF Certificate: Free (Previously it was £6*11 = £66) Hard Copy Certificate: Free (For The Title Course: Previously it was £10) CPD 110 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? People aspiring to be KYC Analysts. Individuals who wish to conduct their own KYC profiles. Managers of Regulatory Compliance Analysts in AML/TF (Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing) Analysts in Corporate KYC/AML Anyone working in the financial compliance industry (private companies, regulated or non-regulated companies, banking, real estate, lawyers, or public sector employees). Requirements This KYC course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones. Career path KYC Analyst KYC/CDD Analyst KYC Onboarding Analyst Representative Team Lead Client/Customer Onboarding Analyst Client/Customer Onboarding Specialist AML Prevention Representative In the UK, the typical annual income for these professionals ranges from £25,000 to £80,000. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the Hard Copy certificate for the title course (Anti Money Laundering (AML) Regulation for AML Officers Diploma) absolutely Free! Other Hard Copy certificates are available for £10 each. Please Note: The delivery charge inside the UK is £3.99, and the international students must pay a £9.99 shipping cost.

Our Aim Is Your Satisfaction! Offer Ends Soon; Hurry Up!! Are you stressed? Do you easily get worried about things and feel pressure? Then it would help if you learned how to manage stress. This Stress Management course will teach you how you can manage pressure effectively. The Stress Management course is packed with 10 information-rich modules which will give you a deep understanding and will also teach you relaxation techniques and routines that will help you live a pressure-free life. This self-paced, comprehensive online Stress Management course is perfect for anyone who wants to live a better life, get rid of stress and be happy. Key Topics What is Stress? What is Eustress? Understanding the Triple 'A' Approach Creating a Pressure-Reducing Lifestyle Using Routines to Reduce Stress Environmental & Physical Relaxation Techniques Coping with Major Events Upon successful completion of the Stress Management course, an instant e-certificate will be exhibited in your profile that you can order as proof of your skills and knowledge. Add these amazing new skills to your resume and boost your employability by simply enrolling in this course. This Stress Management training can help you to accomplish your ambitions and prepare you for a meaningful career. So, join us today and gear up for excellence! Why Prefer Us? Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by CPD QS. Get a free student ID card! (£10 postal charges will be applicable for international delivery) Innovative and engaging content. Free assessments 24/7 tutor support. Take a step toward a brighter future! Skills You Will Gain Creative problem-solving Information gathering Analysing The ability to generate solutions and implement them The skill to evaluate and adapt The ability to identify improvement *** Course Curriculum *** Here is the curriculum breakdown of the Stress Management course: Module 01: Understanding Stress Module 02: Creating a Stress-Reducing Lifestyle Module 03: Altering the Situation Module 04: Avoiding the Situation Module 05: Accepting the Situation Module 06: Using Routines to Reduce Pressure Module 07: Environmental Relaxation Techniques Module 08: Physical Relaxation Techniques Module 09: Coping with Major Events Module 10: Our Challenge to You Assessment Process Once you have completed all the modules in the Stress Management course, you can assess your skills and knowledge with an optional assignment. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone interested in learning more about the topic is advised to take this Stress Management course. This course is open to everybody. Requirements You will not need any prior background or expertise to enrol in this course. Career path After completing this course, you are to start your career or begin the next phase of your career. Certificates Certificate Accredited by CPDQS Digital certificate - £10 Certificate Accredited by CPDQS Hard copy certificate - £29 If you are an international student, then you have to pay an additional 10 GBP as an international delivery charge.

Are you ready to dive into the world of intelligence analysis and make a significant impact in national security and beyond? Our comprehensive Intelligence Analyst Certification is designed to equip you with the essential skills and knowledge needed to excel in this critical field. Key Features: CPD Certified Free Certificate Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In the Intelligence Analyst Certification course, learners delve into the fundamental aspects of intelligence analysis. They start by understanding the essence of intelligence analysis, its historical evolution, and current best practices. The course emphasizes the intelligence cycle, teaching how information is gathered, processed, and disseminated to support decision-making. Participants learn about their roles and responsibilities as analysts, honing critical thinking skills and techniques for organizing information effectively. Legal and ethical considerations in intelligence operations are also covered, ensuring analysts understand boundaries and responsibilities in their work. Lastly, the course explores the broader context of intelligence in national security, highlighting its importance and impact on policies and strategies. Overall, learners gain comprehensive knowledge and skills necessary to perform effectively as intelligence analysts in various professional settings. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to the Course Module 02: Defining Intelligence Analysis Module 03: Development of Intelligence Analysis Module 04: Intelligence Analysis and Best Practice Module 05: The Intelligence Cycle Module 06: Your Role, Responsibilities, and Functions as an Analyst Module 07: Critical Thinking and Structuring Module 08: Legal Issues and Ethics Module 09: Intelligence and National Security Learning Outcomes: Understand the fundamentals of Intelligence Analysis and its historical evolution. Apply critical thinking techniques to structure intelligence reports effectively. Comprehend legal and ethical considerations in the context of intelligence operations. Demonstrate proficiency in the Intelligence Cycle and its application in practice. Identify roles, responsibilities, and functions within the scope of intelligence analysis. Analyse the relationship between intelligence and national security issues. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Individuals aspiring to work in intelligence-related governmental departments. Professionals seeking to enhance their analytical skills in national security contexts. Graduates aiming to start a career in intelligence analysis roles. Military personnel transitioning to civilian intelligence roles. Law enforcement officers interested in intelligence gathering and analysis. Career path Intelligence Analyst Counterintelligence Officer Risk Assessment Analyst Security Intelligence Specialist National Security Analyst Cyber Intelligence Analyst Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

The aim of this course is to provide project managers, project engineers and project support staff with a toolkit they can use on their projects. The tools range from the simple that can be used on all projects to the advanced that can be used where appropriate. This programme will help the participants to: Identify and engage with stakeholders Use tools for requirements gathering and scope management Produce better estimates using a range of techniques Develop more reliable schedules Effectively manage delivery DAY ONE 1 Introduction Overview of the programme Review of participants' needs and objectives 2 Stakeholder management Using PESTLE to aid stakeholder identification Stakeholder mapping The Salience model Stakeholder engagement grid 3 Requirements management Using prototypes and models to elucidate requirements Prioritising techniques Roadmaps Requirements traceability 4 Scope management Work breakdown structures Responsibility assignment matrix 5 Delivery approaches Sequential Agile 6 Estimating Comparative estimating Parametric Bottom-up Three-point estimating Delphi and Planning Poker Creating realistic budgets DAY TWO 7 Scheduling Critical path analysis Smoothing and levelling Timeboxing Team boards Monte Carlo simulations Probability of completion 8 People management Situational Leadership The Tuckman model Negotiation Conflict management Belbin 9 Monitoring and control Earned value management 10 Course review and action planning Identify actions to be implemented individually Conclusion PMI, CAPM, PMP and PMBOK are registered marks of the Project Management Institute, Inc.

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for New or junior administrators and operators; system managers accountable for staffing and training Horizon operators and administrators. Experienced system operators, administrators, and integrators responsible for managing and maintaining VMware Horizon solutions Overview By the end of the course, you should be able to meet the following objectives: Implement a structured approach to troubleshooting Resolve common issues that occur in a VMware Horizon environment Troubleshoot issues with linked and instant clones Configure the Windows client Identify the correct log level for gathering logs Optimize protocols for best end-user experience Discuss Horizon Connection Server advanced configurations List troubleshooting techniques for Horizon Connection Server common issues Interpret Horizon 8 Connection Server logs Identify Unified Access Gateway configuration and certificate issues List troubleshooting steps for Unified Access Gateway common issues Describe BLAST configuration verification using logs and settings Describe BLAST optimization recommendations for different use cases Describe Horizon 8 Connections and how to troubleshoot related issues Describe Horizon 8 certificates List troubleshooting steps for common issues with Horizon 8 certificates Leverage Horizon infrastructure troubleshooting steps to resolve issues  This five-day course builds your skills in resolving common issues that occur in a VMware Horizon© environment. You engage in a series of lab exercises to bring existing environment issues to resolution. The exercises mirror real-world troubleshooting use cases. These exercises equip learners with the knowledge and practical skills to manage typical challenges faced by virtual desktop administrators and operators and provides you with the advanced knowledge, skills, and abilities to troubleshoot VMware Horizon© 8 infrastructure related issues. This workshop teaches the required skill and competence for troubleshooting VMware Horizon© Connection Server?, VMware Unified Access Gateway?, protocols, connections, and certificates Course Introduction Introductions and course logistics Course objectives Overview of Virtual Desktop Troubleshooting Structured approach to troubleshooting configuration and operational problems Applying troubleshooting methods Documenting the steps to resolving the problem Command-Line Tools and Backup Options Using command-line tools Backing-up and restoring VMware Horizon databases Troubleshooting Horizon Linked Clone Desktops Only applicable for Horizon 7.x environments Describe the components that make up a VMware Horizon desktop Explain how the View Agent Direct-Connection plug-In is useful for diagnosing problems Highlight the best practice for optimizing a VMware Horizon desktop Troubleshoot common problems with VMware Horizon desktops Troubleshooting Instant Clones Discuss how instant clones are created Discuss what gets logged when an instant clone is created Discuss the keywords to look for in the logs when troubleshooting instant clones Discuss how to troubleshoot problems with instant clones Windows Client Correctly configure the Windows Client Identify the correct log level for gathering logs Enable the required SSL configuration level for the environment Ports and Protocols Discuss the key ports on a Horizon Environment Discuss protocols used in the Horizon Environment Understand the benefit of optimizing Blast Become familiar with the optimization features for Blast Implement GPO changes for Blast Become familiar with the causes for Black Screens Discuss how to troubleshoot Black Screen problems Identify problems encountered when applying GPOs Discuss how to troubleshoot GPO-related problems Horizon Connection Server Troubleshooting Discuss Horizon Connection Server general troubleshooting techniques Identity Horizon Connection Server common issues through logs Describe AD LDS replication Discuss Horizon Connection Server replication common issues Review and Interpret Horizon Connection Server logs Compare successful and unsuccessful logs from everyday infrastructure administration tasks Unified Access Gateway Troubleshooting List and identify common Unified Access Gateway deployment issues Monitor the Unified Access Gateway deployment to identify health and issues Identify and troubleshoot Unified Access Gateway certificate issues Monitor, test, and troubleshoot network problems Discuss general Unified Access Gateway troubleshooting processes BLAST Configuration Verification Discuss BLAST Codecs and Encoder Switch settings. Describe how to verify BLAST configuration using logs and settings BLAST Optimization List general BLAST optimization recommendations Summarize BLAST tuning recommendations that apply to WAN connections Summarize BLAST tuning recommendations that apply to work-from-home and home-office-to-cloud use cases Describe recommended tuning options to increase display protocol quality for all use cases and applications. VMware Horizon Connections Troubleshooting Explain Horizon connections Describe the role of Primary and Secondary protocols in Horizon connections Describe HTML client access connections Describe Horizon connections load balancing Describe timeout settings, supported health monitoring string, and suitable load balancer persistence values Identify troubleshooting steps for failing Horizon load balancer connections List troubleshooting steps for Horizon connections VMware Horizon Certificates Troubleshooting List Horizon certificate functions Describe Horizon certificates scenarios. Discuss potential challenges related to certificates in Horizon Describe the troubleshooting approach to Horizon certificate issues VMware Horizon Challenge Lab Leverage Horizon infrastructure troubleshooting steps to resolve issues

Duration 4 Days 24 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is intended for: Network administrators Network engineers with little or no programming or Python experience Network managers Systems engineers Overview After taking this course, you should be able to: Create a Python script Describe data types commonly used in Python coding Describe Python strings and their use cases Describe Python loops, conditionals, operators, and their purposes and use cases Describe Python classes, methods, functions, namespaces, and scopes Describe the options for Python data manipulation and storage Describe Python modules and packages, their uses, and their benefits Explain how to manipulate user input in Python Describe error and exception management in Python Describe Python code debugging methods The Programming for Network Engineers (PRNE) v2.0 course is designed to equip you with fundamental skills in Python programming. Through a combination of lectures and lab experience in simulated network environments, you will learn to use Python basics to create useful and practical scripts with Netmiko to retrieve data and configure network devices. Upon completion of this course, you should have a basic understanding of Python, including the knowledge to create, apply, and troubleshoot simple network automation scripts. Course Outline Introducing Programmability and Python for Network Engineers Scripting with Python Examining Python Data Types Manipulating Strings Describing Conditionals, Loops, and Operators Exploring Classes, Methods, Functions, Namespaces, and Scopes Exploring Data Storage Options Exploring Python Modules and Packages Gathering and Validating User Input Analyzing Exceptions and Error Management Examining Debugging Methods Course Summary

Writing clear and concise crime reports is essential for law enforcement professionals, as well as those working in related fields. This course offers a thorough guide on how to write effective crime reports, focusing on the nuances of language, structure, and the key components that make a report not only accurate but also compelling. Learners will gain insights into the importance of presenting facts without ambiguity, ensuring that every piece of information can be understood by both legal professionals and the public. Throughout the course, you will explore various techniques for organising and drafting crime reports that adhere to legal standards. Key topics include writing techniques that aid in creating factual and detailed reports, as well as understanding how to avoid common pitfalls such as over-explanation or leaving critical details out. By the end of the course, learners will be well-equipped to write reports that effectively communicate the situation while remaining precise, professional, and legally sound. This is an invaluable skill for those involved in law enforcement or any related profession. Key Features CPD Accredited FREE PDF + Hardcopy certificate Fully online, interactive course Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet and smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Crime Report Writing Module 02: Types of Crime Reports Module 03: Report Structure and Organisation Module 04: Writing Techniques for Clarity and Accuracy Module 05: Gathering and Documenting Information Module 06: Writing Effective Descriptions Module 07: Writing Objective and Impartial Reports Module 08: Legal and Ethical Considerations Module 09: Report Review and Editing Learning Outcomes: Develop precise and concise crime report writing skills. Demonstrate mastery in structuring organised and effective reports. Enhance descriptive writing techniques for impactful narratives. Apply objective and impartial language in report creation. Navigate legal and ethical considerations within crime reporting. Execute meticulous review and editing processes for polished reports. Accreditation This course is CPD Quality Standards (CPD QS) accredited, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in your chosen field. Certificate After completing this course, you will get a FREE Digital Certificate from Training Express. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Law enforcement professionals Criminal justice students Legal professionals Private investigators Security personnel Compliance officers Risk management specialists Anyone interested in effective crime reporting Career path Police Officer Crime Analyst Legal Researcher Private Investigator Security Consultant Compliance Specialist Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.