738 Courses

SNMP training course description A hands-on generic look at the technical operation of SNMP. The course starts with an overview of all the components, which make up SNMP. Hands on starts early with configuration of a managed network. The major versions of SNMP are then put into perspective followed by a look at the SNMP protocol. MIBs are then studied both from the perspective of reading MIBs and writing MIBs. The course finishes with a look at the security implications of SNMP. What will you learn Describe the SNMP architecture. Analyse SNMP packets. Recognise the MIB structure. Describe the SMI. Recognise the strengths and weaknesses of SNMPv2 and SNMPv3. SNMP training course details Who will benefit: Network administrators. Network operators. Programmers writing MIBs and agents. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation for engineers Hands on experience of an SNMP management station would also be beneficial. Duration 3 days SNMP training course contents Network management What is network management? Benefits, issues. What is SNMP? SNMP architecture, SNMP MIBs, SMI, the SNMP protocol, polling security, alternatives to SNMP: CMIP, web based management. Configuring SNMP Auto discovery for management stations, NMS configuration, agent configuration, traps. Hands on Configuring agents and an NMS. SNMP background SNMP history, RFCs, standards, SNMP protocol versions, SNMPv1, SNMPv2, SNMPv3, SNMP SMI versions, which version should you use? Futures. SNMPv1 packets SNMP in the 7 layer model, port numbers, general packet format, BER, GET, GET-NEXT, tables, SET, TRAP, bandwidth issues, in band versus out of band management. Hands on Analysing SNMPv1 packets. SNMPv2 packets SNMPv2 improvements, error handling, GETBULK, v2traps, INFORM. Hands on Analysing SNMPv2 packets. SNMPv3 packets SNMPv3 packet format, use of SNMPv2 messages, REPORT PDU. MIB structure The internet MIB branch, standard mib-2, extra parts of mib-2, private enterprise MIBs, loading extra MIBs. Hands on MIB browsing. mib-2 The mib-2 groups, system group, interfaces group, IP group, ICMP group, TCP group, UDP group, transmission group, SNMP group, RMON. Hands on mib-2 browsing in detail. SMI The MIB layout, obtaining a private enterprise number, MIB definitions, IMPORT, Module identity, Textual conventions, object definitions, notifications, compliance statements, object groups, base SMI data types, application data types, scalars, instances, tables, table definition, writing agents, SMIng. SNMP security Community strings, SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c security practices, SNMPv3 security, SNMPv3 architecture, SNMP applications, the SNMP engine, the EngineID, security fields in SNMPv3 packets, USM, authentication, encryption, timeliness, VBAC, SNMPv3 configuration.

VoIP training course description Convergence of voice and data is now a common place mainstream technology. Our Voice Over IP course investigates the characteristics of voice transmission and then studies the impact on IP networks. Practical sessions with soft phones, hard phones and gateways allow the students to see all aspects of VoIP. Network analysers are used to study packets on the wire. What will you learn Describe the issues of voice and data convergence. Describe techniques, which can be used in IP to provide low uniform delay. Evaluate VoIP technologies. Design data networks, which will support voice. VoIP training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in the field of networking or telecommunications. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Intro to data communications & networking Duration 3 days VoIP training course contents What is VoIP Voice over IP, brief review of IP, brief review of telephones and voice. Configuring IP softphones What are softphones? Downloading, installing. Hands on Building the base IP network, a simple VoIP call with softphones, Internet telephony. Addressing E164, FQDN, IP addresses, URIs, DNS, SIP addressing, H.323 addressing. VoIP issues Bandwidth, Delay, Jitter, digitising voice, digitisation steps, coding, quality issues, MOS, voice compression, silence suppression, packetising voice, prioritising voice, jitter buffers. Hands on Simple packet analysis. Architectures Desktop, backbone, gateway, hard phones, PoE, integrating phones and PCs, carriers, Softswitches. Hands on Integrating Softphones, hard phones and analog phones. IP performance and QoS ITU delay recommendations, IP DSCP field, DiffServ, IP precedence, queuing strategies; FIFO, WFQ, custom, priority, RED, LLQ. VoIP protocol stack RTP, RTCP, mixers and translators, RSVP. Bandwidth, Erlang models, link layer overhead. Hands on Calculating VoIP bandwidth, analysing RTP packets. ITU Recommendation H.323 Architecture, protocols, terminals, Call setup, Gatekeepers, gateway discovery, H.323 registration with a gatekeeper. Hands on PC to PC using H.323. IETF - Session Initiation Protocol What is SIP? SIP protocol stack, SDP, Sip architecture, SIP messages, Initial SIP phone startup, SIP servers, proxy server, redirect server. Hands on PC to PC using SIP. Carrier networks Signalling systems, SS7, media gateways, Media gateway controllers, signalling gateways, MGCP, Megaco, SIGTRAN. Hands on PSTN interworking. Video over IP Video components, digital video, pictures and audio, video codecs, issues and solutions, video conferencing, multipoint video conferencing, video protocol stack. Appendix 1: Multicasting. Appendix 2: Voice/data integration without IP.

LTE Architecture and Protocols course description This course provides a comprehensive tour of the LTE architecture along with services provided and the protocols used. What will you learn Describe the overall architecture of LTE. Explain the information flows through LTE. Describe the LTE security. Describe LTE mobility management. Recognise the next steps for LTE. LTE Architecture and Protocols course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Duration 3 days LTE Architecture and Protocols course contents Introduction History, LTE key features. The 4G ITU process. The LTE 3GPP specifications. Specifications. System Architecture LTE hardware architecture. UE architecture and capabilities. E-UTRAN and eNB. EPC, MME functions, SGW, PGW and PCRF. System interfaces and protocol stacks. Example information flows. Dedicated and default bearers. EMM, ECM, RRC state diagrams. Radio transmission and reception OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO antennas. Air interface protocol stack. Logical, transport and physical channels. Frame and slot structure, the resource grid. Resource element mapping of the physical channels and signals. Cell acquisition, data transmission and random access. MAC, RLC, PDCP protocols. LTE spectrum allocation. Power-on procedures Network and cell selection. RRC connection establishment. Attach procedure, including IP address allocation and default bearer activation. LTE detach procedure. Security in LTE networks LTE security features, identity confidentiality, ciphering and integrity protection. Architecture of network access security in LTE. Secure key hierarchy. Authentication and key agreement procedure. Security mode command procedure. Network domain security architecture. Security associations using IKE and IPSec. Mobility management RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED. Cell reselection, tracking area updates. Measurement reporting. X2 and S1 based handovers. Interoperation with UMTS, GSM and non-3GPP technologies such as cdma2000. QoS, policy control and charging QoS in LTE, EPS bearers, service data flows and packet flows. The architecture and signalling procedures for policy and charging control. Data transport using GPRS, differentiated services and MPLS. Offline and online charging in LTE. Delivery of voice and text messages over LTE Difficulties and solutions for Voice over LTE. Architecture and call setup procedures for circuit switched fallback. Architecture, protocols and call setup procedures in IP multimedia subsystem. Enhancements in release 9 LTE location services. Multimedia broadcast / multicast service and MBSFN. Cell selection, commercial mobile alert service. LTE Advanced and release 10 Impact of carrier aggregation on LTE air interface. Enhanced MIMO processing on uplink and downlink. Relaying. Release 11 and beyond. OAM and self organising networks Operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning for LTE. Self-configuration of base station parameters. Fractional frequency re-use, inter-cell interference co-ordination. Self-optimisation of base station procedures. Self-healing to detect and recover from faults.

Voice over LTE training course description This course provides a basic understanding of the 3G LTE Air Interface, SAE, as well as Voice over LTE options and LTE Advanced features. Investigating the standards for the EPS , formulated by the 3GPP standards body, the course will set out to examine and explain the 4G environment from user equipment to border gateway and beyond. This course will ensure the delegate has a grasp of all aspects of the current global deployments, the next steps in upgrades and the promise of things to come. What will you learn Describe the complete EPC architecture. Explain the use of QoS within the air interface & core network. Explore the features of LTE advanced. Describe the various methods of supporting voice services with 3G LTE. Describe IMS structure and control entities. Explain an IMS session. Voice over LTE training course details Who will benefit: Any engineers who are assisting in the deployment of voice services within their LTE networks. Prerequisites: Intro to Data comms & networking Telecommunications Introduction Duration 3 days Voice over LTE training course contents 3GPP standards body Release 8 - Release 12, Supported and expected features. The EPC revisited EPC revisited 3G LTE & EPC Architecture, NB, MME, SGW, PDNGW, PCRF, Interworking capabilities, Protocol stack explored, NAS signalling, Default EPS bearer, Slot allocation algorithms, Scheduling algorithms, Quality of Service requirements, Dedicated EPS bearers. VoLTE deployment strategies Common networks everywhere, GSM/WCDMA view, CDMA view. VoLTE system architecture LTE radio, LTE Radio background, LTE radio architecture, Evolved packet core, EPC entities & functions, EPS mobility management, MS entities, Home subscriber server, Policy & charging rules function. VoLTE functionality Radio functionality, Bearers & schedulers, Mobility, Circuit switched fall back handover, Mobility from 2G/3G back to LTE, Power Saving Features, Positioning services, UE radio access capabilities for VoLTE users. EPC functionalities, LTE subscriber identification, PDN connectivity establishment, EPS dedicated bearer setup, IMS identification, IP multimedia identification module, Public user identity, Private user identity, Relationship between public & private identity, identification of users device, identification of network entities, identification of services, identification without ISIM. IMS service provisioning, Enforcement of allowed services, Service triggering information, Selection of the AS, AS behaviour, Service provisioning in action. VoLTE end-to-end & signalling VoLTE subscription & device configuration. EPS attach for CSFB/IMS VoIP & default bearer. IMS registration, Constructing the REGISTER request, From UE to P-CSCF, From P-CSCF to I-CSCF, From I-CSCF to S-CSCF, S-CSCF challenges the UE, UE's response to the challenge, Registration at the S-CSCF, The 200 OK response, Third-party registration to application servers, Subscription to registration event package, Re-registration & re-authentication, De-registration, Related standards. IMS VoIP session, Constructing the INVITE request, Routing, Media negotiation, Media resource reservation & policy control, Charging, Session release. Voice continuity, PS - PS intersystem handover, Single radio voice call continuity. IMS emergency session, PDN Connection setup for emergency session, Emergency registration, Emergency session. CS fallback for EPS call case, Architecture of CS fallback in EPS, Description of SGs interface, Idle mode signalling reduction, Idle mode vs active mode, CS fallback attachment, Mobile originating call using CSFB, Mobile terminating call using CSFB, Call unrelated CSFB procedures, Mobile terminating roaming retry & forwarding. VoLTE Messaging, Native IMS messages, SMS interworking, Multimedia messaging service. Unstructured supplementary services data simulation in IMS. IMS services VoLTE radio performance Coverage, Latency, Capacity. LTE advanced features Carrier aggregation, Coordinated mMulti-point Operation (CoMP), ICIC & eICIC, Relay node deployment & donor eNBs, Improved cell edge coverage, Reduced control plane latency, Heterogeneous networks, HeNB, security gateways, HeNB gateways.

In this course we deepen participants understanding of systemic racism and the spectrum of privilege. It challenges the participants to examine their behaviours and take close looks at some of the views they have held since a very young age, e.g. this area is a “bad” area, because it has a high proportion of black/brown people living in it, or that young black men in tracksuits are “thugs”. We think about where these messages come from and how people are indoctrinated by the media. Course Category Inclusion Team Building Leadership Emotional needs Description In this course we deepen participants understanding of systemic racism and the spectrum of privilege. It challenges the participants to examine their behaviours and take close looks at some of the views they have held since a very young age, e.g. this area is a “bad” area, because it has a high proportion of black/brown people living in it, or that young black men in tracksuits are “thugs”. We think about where these messages come from and how people are indoctrinated by the media.  We explore the reasons why white people are so defensive when it comes to talking about race. We discuss having racial biases and the implications of them, such as unconsciously insulting people around us in the workplace. When we become aware of how our behaviours can affect people, we then look for solutions.  The course is designed for groups of professionals to come together as a team to try and take responsibility for the racism that goes on in their workplace – empowering the leadership to have difficult conversations with team members and create a paradigm shift across the entire organisation.  Please come with an open mind, and you might be surprised at what you find out. We are striving for a world where racism is an open conversation and not a topic that we shy away from.  Testimonials “That was a really insightful session and thought provoking. I would love to attend more sessions on racism. Thank you for the engaging questions and delivery” “Lots of things to reflect on!” Learning Objectives Participants will: Confront their own racism and unconscious biases Become aware of the ways they treat people differently based on race Think about practical changes they can make in their workplaces Who Is It For? Leadership teams seeking guidance and reflection Educators who want to get it right People who have had not had much contact with people outside their own race People who believe they are “not racist” Course Content Background – brief history of systemic racism Racism as a binary – the problem with thinking only “bad” people can be racist Trust – how do we feel around people we don’t trust? Difference – how do we act when we feel different? What do Good Manners look like around people of different cultures? What does Good Allyship look like in the workplace? Why don’t we talk about race? What does your race mean to you? Examining our privilege – activity Interracial friendship video Visioning – what does the ideal workplace look like? Setting Actions – what achievable actions can we set to bring us closer to our dream future?

This interactive 3-hour webinar is designed for teams who want to understand one another’s behavioural style and improve how the team interacts. Using the DISC framework, we'll uncover how people think, behave, and work differently. Participants will understand their own behavioural style and its impact on others. We'll explore how different styles prefer to communicate and collaborate, and how to adapt our messages to team members with diverse working styles and communication preferences.

This day will introduce you to the basic techniques and skills involved in doing graphic facilitation. Learn how to use a BIG piece of paper and a handful of pens to create a memorable summary of your training day, team meeting or your work with young people and families. Learn how to harvest the essence of an event in a visual representation. This is a ‘hands on’ interactive day built around demonstrations of graphic facilitation, coaching and the chance to try things out. Ideal for teams who can then go on together to practice, practice, practice. Learning Objectives To introduce you to the basic skills of graphic facilitation – no previous experience is needed To develop your capacity to ‘listen under the words’ and draw out the deeper messages To help you suspend your self-doubt – “I can’t draw!” and rediscover your capacity to create an effective visual representation of a meeting/training day/conversation etc Course Content The day will introduce you to the fundamentals of graphic facilitation and will include the following topics: Pens, Pastels and Paper – what you will need to get started The basic ‘grammar’ of graphic facilitation; the essential shapes, using colour, images, lettering, words, creating connection How to listen for the essence of what is being said and translate this into visual language A chance to do it live – with coaching

This workshop gives an opportunity to focus on the emotional needs of boys and how to meet these. We lift the lid on an emerging urgent inclusion issue,namely meeting the emotional needs of boys. Everyone knows a boy. They may be pupil, son, brother, parent or partner. Boys when they become adults are over represented in the prison, and mental health system. Course Category Meeting emotional needs Description This workshop gives an opportunity to focus on the emotional needs of boys and how to meet these. We lift the lid on an emerging urgent inclusion issue,namely meeting the emotional needs of boys. Everyone knows a boy. They may be pupil, son, brother, parent or partner. Boys when they become adults are over represented in the prison, and mental health system. In one recent year 1300 young men committed suicide in the UK. In the UK the commonest cause of death among those aged 16-35 is suicide. Three men for every one woman kill themselves every year (Guardian, June 2006). 1 in 4 women experience domestic violence and 2 women a week are killed by a current or ex partner. Boys and men are a major concern. We need to find ways to allow them to unclench their hearts and learn to experience, process, communicate and manage their own emotional lives for their own and for the good of the wider community. Testimonials ‘Thanks for a super day, lots of good ideas for our citizens of the future. We need to offer them the best and what we would offer our own children’?? ‘Enjoyed the day very much. Brilliant ideas and lots of food for thought. Will use the solution circle. A great tool!’ ‘went well and the ethos/participation was commendably facilititated. well done’. ‘Wonderful day!’ ‘Still getting lots of positive messages this end.’ Learning Objectives Increased understanding of boys’ emotional needs Access to a wider range of practical strategies to impact on meeting emotional and behaviour problems Deeper understanding of core values surrounding inclusion of boys Opportunity to reflect on professional attitudes and behaviour towards boys and their emotional challenges New skills and processes to make boys’ inclusion and achievement more successful Who Is It For ? Early years and school based practitioners Key workers Teaching Assistants with support roles Heads and deputies SENCOs Advanced skills teachers Primary and secondary classroom teachers Parents Local authority support services Course Content The course explores the questions : Is there a problem with boys? What can we do to meet the emotional needs of boys? What helps? What should our priority be with boys? This workshop will explore: Cultural and historical expectations of boys in our society Shared experiences of teaching and parenting boys Circle of Courage as away of understanding emotional needs Fathers, mothers and sons Drinking and drugs: filling the emotional void Depression and suicide Anger and violence Solution Circle Problem Solving around boys needs What boys really need

This radical way of building empathy is inspired by the work of the ‘Roots of Empathy’ organisation in Canada. Roots of Empathy (ROE) is dedicated to building caring and peaceful societies through the development of empathy in children. It is a parenting education programme for elementary school students (between the ages of 3 to 14 years) based on monthly visits to the classroom by a parent and infant from the school neighbourhood. Course Category Behaviour and Relationships Autism and Communication Meeting emotional needs Description This radical way of building empathy is inspired by the work of the ‘Roots of Empathy’ organisation in Canada. As Mary Gordon founder of this way of working describes: ‘By regular visits to the classroom of local mums and their children build an empathic relationship with the baby.MARY GORDON Roots of Empathy (ROE) is dedicated to building caring and peaceful societies through the development of empathy in children. It is a parenting education program for elementary school students (between the ages of 3 to 14 years) based on monthly visits to the classroom by a parent and infant from the school neighbourhood. We teach teachers and educators to help children to observe, over the school year, how their baby forms an attachment to his or her parent. Children are encouraged to record how the infants develop. The children learn to spot their babies cues and unique temperament, while celebrating developmental milestones. Children are prepared for responsible and responsive parenting as they increase their knowledge about human development, learning, and infant safety. The baby project program brings about the development of empathy and emotional literacy: As children learn to take the perspective of others they are less likely to hurt through bullying, exclusion, aggression, and violence. Children learn how to challenge cruelty and injustice in their own classroom. Messages of social inclusion and activities that are consensus-building contribute to a culture of caring that changes the tone of the classroom. Involving fathers and men provides rich models of male nurturance Testimonials ‘13% increase in empathy scores for our year 1s’ ‘Years 2s empathy had increased by 35%’ ‘Now that I am older I can be happy for other people’ (6 year old) ‘Everyone is special – thats the truth – but when I was small I thought its not fair when someone got a present and I didn’t’ (7 year old) Dramatic improvements in children taking responsibility for actions and being less defiant over the year of the project. Learning Objectives Understanding of method and approach to building empathy with babies Full understanding of background to this approach Practical advice received as to how to set up baby project in classrooms across school Who Is It For ? Teachers School leaders Project Coordinators Social Care Course Content We will provide theoretical and evidence back ground to impact of this work. We will describe existing UK school based work. We will inspire staff in attendance to want to actively engage in this work There may even be a baby to hold!!

Click to read more about this training, in which we demonstrate a live problem solving approach which is based on the active participation of family members. Course Category Inclusion Parents and Carers Behaviour and relationships Problem Solving Description In this training we demonstrate a live problem solving approach which is based on the active participation of family members. ‘Family Circles’ is an evolving new approach to problem solving with families and is based on our years of family work and the development and use of the Circle of Adults process. Inspired by our own Parent Solutions work and the Circle of Adults process as well as Family Group Conferencing and other Restorative Interventions we bring you Family Circles. Essentially the approach involves gathering a family together for a process that is facilitated but majors on the family members offering each other their wisdom and ideas. The approach is capacity focused, person centred approach to working with families rather than the dominant deficit oriented and ‘medical model’ of viewing and planning for or doing things to families. This training can be modelled with a group of professionals or better still with a family. In our work with families we develop the importance of naming stories or theories and seeking linkages and synthesis between what is found out and explored about the family situation and its history. We like participants to sit with the uncertainty, to reflect on the question ‘why’ but without judgement of each other. Deeper reflections may span a whole range of perspectives from ‘within person’ considerations, to situational or systemic possibilities. Health or emotional issues can be reflected on alongside organisational or transactional aspects of what is going on for the family. The better the shared understanding the better the strategy or actions which emerge from these meetings. Quality hypotheses with a close fit to reality lead to more effective implementation in the real world. We encourage ‘loose’ thinking, a search for connections, deeper listening, an ‘open mind’, speculation and exploration without moral judgements. From this stance self-reflection as well as reflection on the situation can produce remarkable insights. The quality of theories or new stories generated is directly influenced by family members’ experiences and the models of learning, behaviour and emotion, systems, educational development, change and so on that they have been exposed to.  Learning Objectives To provide opportunities for: Shared problem solving in a safe exploratory climate in which the family will find its own solutions. Individuals to reflect on their own actions and strategies An exploration of whole-family processes and their impact Emotional support and shared understandings of issues at a child, parent, family, school and community level. Feed back to each other on issues, ideas and strategies that are agreed to be worth sharing with them. Who Is It For? Anyone interested in working with families in a way that builds and makes use of their capacities rather than focus on their challenges and difficulties. Social Care teams School staff Community organisers Educational Psychologists Course Content True family empowerment Deepening shared stories and understandings Facilitating groups Problem solving process Handling family group communication Allowing direct feedback and challenge between participants in a safe way Building relationships Process: Family members are welcomed: Introductions are carried out, ground rules and aims clarified whilst coffee is drunk. A recap from the last session is carried out: To follow up developments and reflections after the last meeting. One issue is selected for the main focus Issue presentation: The family member who raised the concern is asked questions to tell the ‘story’ of the issue or problem. Additional questions/information from the group about the problem are gathered: Ground rules may need to be observed carefully here. Individual participants need to be kept focused and prevented from leaping to premature conclusions or to making ‘helpful’ suggestions about strategy. Relationship aspects to the problem are explored. Metaphors and analogies are invited. How would a fly on the wall see your relationship? If you were alone together on a desert island, what would it be like? Impact of previous relationships/spillage from one relationship to another are explored. Eg what situation they are reminded of? For instance, does this situation remind you of any of those angry but helpless feelings you had with your other son when he was an adolescent? This provides opportunities to reflect on how emotions rub off on other people. The parent feels really frustrated, and on reflection we can see that so does the child System/Organisation factors (Family system/school and community systems and so on): What aspects help or hinder the problem? For instance, does the pastoral system of the local school provide space, or time and skilled personnel able to counsel this young person and work actively with their parents? Synthesis. At this stage the Graphic facilitator summarises what they have heard. They then go on to describe linkages and patterns in what they have heard. This can be very powerful. The person doing the graphic work has been able to listen throughout the presentation process and will have been struck by strong messages, emotions and images as they have arisen. The story and meaning of what is happening in the situation may become a little clearer at this point. Typical links may be ‘mirrored emotions’ strong themes such as loss and separation issues, or repeated processes such as actions triggering rejection. This step provides an excellent grounding for the next process of deepening understanding. What alternative strategies/interventions are open to be used? Brainstormed and recorded. ’Either/ors’ need to be avoided at this time also. This needs to be a shared session in which the family member who is presenting the concern contributes as much as anyone. Care is needed to ensure that this person is not overloaded with other people’s strategies. The final selection of strategy or strategies from the brainstormed list is the problem presenter’s choice. Strategies might include: a special time for the young person, a meeting with the child’s parents to explore how she is being managed at home and to share tactics, a home-school diary, counselling, or an agreed action plan that all are aware of, agreed sanctions and rewards and so forth. Strategies may productively involve processes of restitution and restoration, when ‘sorry’ is not enough. Making it right, rather than punishments or rewards, may then becomes the focus. First Steps. The problem presenter is finally asked to agree one or two first steps which they can carry out over the next 3-7 days. It can help to assign a ‘coach’ who will check in with them to ensure they have carried out the action they have named. This is a time to be very specific. Steps should be small and achievable. The person is just ‘making a start’. A phone call, or making an agreement with a key other person not present at the meeting would be ideal examples. Final reflections. Sometimes referred to as a ‘round of words’ help with closure for all involved. Reflections are on the process not the problem. In large families this is best done standing in a circle. In smaller groups all can remain sitting. Passing around a ‘listening stick’ or something similar such as a stone or light heighten the significance of the process ending and improve listening. Finally the problem presenter is handed the ‘Graphic’ this is their record of the meeting and can be rolled and presented ceremoniously by the facilitators for maximum effect! If you liked this course you may well like: Parent Solutions