311 Concept courses in Bradford

About this Training Course This course will provide a comprehensive, foundational content for a wide range of topics in power system operation and control. With the growing importance of grid integration of renewables and the interest in smart grid technologies, it is more important than ever to understand the fundamentals that underpin electrical power systems. Training Objectives Basic Terminology and Concepts of Electrical Systems: Gain an understanding of the basic terminology and concepts of electrical systems and the structure of a power system Transmission Line Parameters: Learn in detail all the transmission line parameters including line resistance, line inductance, transposition of transmission lines, and capacitance of transmission lines Insulators: Understand thoroughly all the various types of insulators, pin type insulators, suspension type or disc insulators, strain insulators, and testing of insulators High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Determine the advantages and disadvantages of high voltage direct current transmission, and gain an understanding of all the features of high-voltage direct current transmission Substations and Neutral Grounding: Gain a detailed understanding of all substation equipment, factors governing the layout of substations, station transformers, elements to be earthed in a substation, power system earthing, earthing transformers, bus bar arrangements and gas-insulated substations Distribution System: Learn about the effects of voltage on the conductor volume, distributor fed from one end, distributors fed from both ends at the same voltage, distributors fed from both ends at different voltages, and alternating current distribution Circuit Breakers: Learn about the classification of circuit breakers, plain-break oil circuit breakers, air break circuit breaker, air blast circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breakers, rating and testing of circuit breakers Relaying and Protection: Learn all the requirements of relaying, zones of protection, primary and backup protection, classification of relays, electromagnetic relays, induction relays, feeder protection, phase fault protection, reactance relay, static overcurrent relay, differential protection, transformer protection, Buchholz relays, alternator protection restricted earth fault protection, rotor earth fault protection, and negative-sequence protection Economic Operation of Power Systems: Gain an understanding of steam power plants, heat rate characteristics and characteristics of hydro plants Load Frequency Control: Learn about speed governing mechanism, speed governor, steady state speed regulations and adjustment of governor characteristics Voltage and Reactive Power Control: Gain an understanding of impedance and reactive power, system voltage and reactive power, voltage regulation and power transfer Renewable Energy Sources: Learn about solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and tidal power Restructuring of Electrical Power Systems: Gain an understanding of smart grids, smart grid components, smart grid benefits, and open smart grid protocol Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Explore the complexities of seismic interpretation in carbonates through our dynamic classroom training course. Energyedge delivers cutting-edge instruction and valuable insights.

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course is designed with the aim of showing the degree of integration necessary in developing an offshore petroleum discovery, from field appraisal to development. The 5 half-day VILT course gives a comprehensive account of the methodology, processes and techniques utilised in developing an offshore oil or gas discovery. Technically, integration of expected reservoir behavior, well planning and design, and facilities concepts and selection are exemplified through detailed case histories, group discussions and exercises. Commercial aspects related to overall project evaluation are also covered. Training Objectives Course participants will obtain a comprehensive understanding of key aspects of offshore field development, from appraisal through to development planning and leading up to sanction. The VILT course covers the three key elements: reservoirs, wells and facilities, and covers the integration of these with commercial aspects, and the required management aspects, including uncertainty and risk. Target Audience This VILT course is designed for project managers, field development and planning engineers, asset managers, petroleum engineers, reservoir engineers as well as field geoscientists and managers who have an interest in or are involved in field development feasibility and planning. In particular, this VILT course would be of interest to managers leading multidisciplinary and diverse functional teams. Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 5 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day. Course Duration: 5 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (20 hours in total). Trainer Trainer 1: Your first expert course leader is a specialist in reservoir engineering, field development planning and petroleum management. Having worked for over 40 years in the petroleum industry, his most recent full-time position was Chief Operating Officer and Project Director for AED Oil and East Puffin (2007-09) for the Puffin offshore development, Timor Sea. Prior to his academic career (2001-2006), commencing in 2001 as head of the new School of Petroleum Engineering and Management at the UA, he worked for 16 years for BHP Petroleum (now BHP Billiton), most recently as Chief Reservoir Engineer for their worldwide operations. Other positions with BHP Billiton involved mainly technical and project management, and general management positions, including member of the BHP Board. He was project manager (feasibility) for two FPSO projects, the Skua and Griffin area fields, offshore Australia. He was also the Technical Manager for the Dai Hung project, offshore Vietnam where first oil was achieved in just 18 months from sanction. Before that time, he worked for Shell International (8 years) in the Netherlands, including two years as Senior Lecturer Reservoir Engineering at Shell's training centre and in Australia, seconded to Woodside Energy, with a key role in Australia's largest capital project (at the time), the Northwest Shelf Gas development. He started his career in Calgary, Canada, first with Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas and subsequently with the US consulting company, Scientific Software Corporation. He holds a BSc degree in Physics from the University of British Columbia and a MS degree in Nuclear Engineering from Stanford University. He has been an active member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, including Director for the Asia-Pacific region (1996-98) and as a member of the Board. He was an SPE Distinguished Lecturer during 2001-02 and a PESA Distinguished Lecturer during 2002. He has lectured at many institutions and was a visiting professor at Stanford University in 2000. He has published over 50 papers on both technical and managerial topics. His professional interests are in optimal planning and project management of offshore petroleum discoveries. His primary research interests are in the area of special core analysis and the development of predictive models for reservoir characterisation. Trainer 2: Your other course leader is currently an independent consultant and trainer after 37 years in the upstream petroleum industry. His previous roles included Chief Geologist for GALP Energy, Consultant/ Head of Exploration for Qatar Petroleum, Technical/ Asset Manager for SASOL, and various technical and technical management roles in BHP Billiton Petroleum and Chevron. He managed/ executed many projects in diverse locations: West Grimes gas field development - California; Port Arguello heavy oil development - offshore California; exploration & development projects - Nigeria; Tengiz field early development, Korolev appraisal - Kazakhstan; Nkossa field development, Moho/ Bilondo exploration - offshore Congo; PNG divestment, Bayu-Undan LNG development - Australia; Ohanet acquisition, appraisal & development - Algeria; Pande development, Pande/ Temane gas plant expansion & near field exploration - Mozambique; Pre-Khuff (HP/HT) exploration, multiple blocks & operators - Qatar; Coral/ Mamba appraisal - Mozambique; Blocks 14/32 exploration & development - Angola; exploration & appraisal - onshore & offshore Brazil. He has an MSc in Geophysics from Stanford, an MBA from St. Mary's College of California, and a BSc in Geology (Honors) from Western Illinois University. He is a member of SEG, AAPG, SPE, PESGB, and PESA and is a Fellow of the Energy Institute (UK). His professional interests centre around deploying this extensive and international experience base to add value to future projects via training and consultancy, and to provide the leadership needed to execute, deliver, and ensure profitability of new projects. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course This is an advanced chemistry training course for power plant chemists and boiler engineers wishing to expand their knowledge and skills, and to become more effective in their day-to-day roles dealing with thermal power plant chemistry. This 5 full-day course will provide ample opportunity for robust technical discussion and expand on advanced concepts in thermal power plant cycle chemistry. It focuses only on the steam/water aspects of the thermal power cycle. This course is a MUST for all power plant chemists and boiler engineers. It is also beneficial for anyone involved in power plant operation and maintenance because it provides guidelines and rules for improving power plant performance and reliability. Training Objectives Gain a significant increase in understanding of cycle chemistry in steam power plants and the inter-relationships between plant operation, cycle chemistry and potential failure modes due to corrosion and/or deposition throughout the cycle Gain a thorough understanding of all causes of corrosion in a steam power plant and all the methods used to reduce the corrosion rate in a steam power plant Become better equipped to effectively manage the corrosion and deposition risks in a thermal power plant Learn how to reduce failure rate in boilers and steam power plants and improve plant performance Understand condensate polishing and treatment of condensate return to industrial boilers Discover the causes of boiler water contamination and treatment programs Learn about layup and offline corrosion protection Understand water chemistry limits to prevent steam contamination by carryover Learn about boiler water chemistry guidelines and control of steam chemistry Understand high-purity make-up treatment methods Perform demineralizer calculations Perform system design calculations Gain a thorough understanding of mixed bed polishing and reverse osmosis Target Audience Power Plant Chemists Boiler Engineers Engineers involved in the operation and maintenance of power plants Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals (this seminar is suitable for individuals who do not have a background in chemical engineering) Course Level Advanced Training Methods Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: 'POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK' second edition, published by McGraw-Hill in 2012 in New York (800 pages) Water Chemistry for Thermal Power Plant Chemists and Boiler Engineers Manual (650 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

STP alternatives training course description The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) dates from 1985. This course explores the technologies that can be used as an alternative to STP, including FabricPath, SPB and TRILL. What will you learn Explain how STP and RSTP work. Explain how TRILL works. Explain how SPB works. Explain how FabricPath works. STP alternatives training course details Who will benefit: Technical network staff. Prerequisites: Definitive Ethernet switching for engineers Duration 1 day STP alternatives training course contents Introduction Layer 2 versus Layer 3, STP problems: One path, convergence, MAC explosion, STP alternatives. STP 802.1D, how STP works, root bridge, convergence times, single path. RSTP 802.1w, Improvements, convergence times. Link aggregation 802.3ad, Multi system Link aggregation. IS-IS Concepts, Discovery, topology exchange, flooding. Changes for TRILL, FabricPath and SPB. FabricPath Overview, architecture, control plane protocols, DRAP, STP interactions, packet forwarding, configuration. TRILL Concepts, RBridge, TRILL frames, control plane, data plane, learning MAC addresses. SPB 802.1aq, Node ID, Backbone Edge Bridges, Backbone MAC address, customer MACs, I-SID, forwarding database.

Total H.248 training course description A course focusing purely on the H.248 protocol. Anyone working through the ITU standards documents can testify to the need of a training course to explain how H.248 really works. This course already assumes knowledge of other VoIP protocols and starts by positioning H.248 in relation to the other protocols. The course then looks at H.248 architectures and concepts before analysing H.248 messages and call flows. What will you learn Describe what H.248 is Recognise where H.248 fits in relation to other VoIP protocols. Explain how H.248 works. Analyse H.248 packets Total H.248 training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with H.248 Prerequisites: Voice Over IP. Duration 2 days Total H.248 training course contents What is H.248? Review of VoIP protocols: RTP, RTCP, SIP, SDP, H.323. The PSTN and SS7. Where H.248 fits into the picture. H.248 history. MGCP. The IETF. Megaco. ITU standards. H.248v1, v2, v3. H.248 architectures Media Gateways, Media Gateway Controllers, Gateway Control functions, Signalling Gateways. Reference architectures: IMS/TISPAN: IBCF, IWF, I-BGF, SPDF. MSF: S-SBG-NC, D-SBG-NC. GSMA: IPX Proxy. Softswitches. H.248 concepts The connection model, terminations, streams, contexts. Termination properties: descriptors, context properties. Events, signals, packages. H.248 messages Protocol stack, UDP, TCP. Message structure. Transactions, actions, commands. Requests, replies, acknowledgements. Sample message flows. Binary encoding, ASN syntax, Text encoding. H.248 commands Termination manipulation: Add, Subtract, Move, Modify. Event reporting: Notify. Management: AuditCapability, AuditValue, ServiceChange. H.248 Descriptors What are descriptors? Relationship with messages and commands. Basic descriptors, Descriptors composed of other descriptors. The 19 descriptors. Defaults. H.248 Transactions Groups of commands, transaction Ids, relationship with actions and commands. Requests and replies. H.248 wrap up What is a package? Basic packages. H.248 security. H.248 - SIP interoperation. H.248 interoperation with other protocols.

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Junos Operating System training course description This course provides students with the foundational knowledge required to work with the Junos OS and to configure Junos devices. The course provides a brief overview of the Junos device families and discusses the key architectural components of the software. The course then delves into foundational routing knowledge and configuration examples including general routing concepts, routing policy, and firewall filters. Delegates will gain experience in configuring and monitoring the Junos OS and monitoring basic device operations. This course is based on Junos OS Release 15.1X49. What will you learn Describe the design architecture of the Junos OS. Navigate within the Junos CLI and perform tasks within the CLI operational and configuration modes. Configure and monitor network interfaces. Navigate within the Junos J-Web interface. Identify where you might use firewall filters. Explain basic routing operations and concepts. Identify key factors in Juniper Networks' security. Junos Operating System training course details Who will benefit: This course benefits individuals responsible for configuring and monitoring devices running the Junos OS. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 3 days Junos Operating System training course contents Junos Operating System Fundamentals The Junos OS Traffic Processing Overview of Junos Devices User Interface Options-The Junos CLI User Interface Options The Junos CLI: CLI Basics The Junos CLI: Operational Mode The Junos CLI: Configuration Mode User Interface Options-The J-Web Interface The J-Web GUI Configuration Lab 1: User Interface Options Initial Configuration Factory-Default Configuration Initial Configuration Interface Configuration Lab 2: Initial System Configuration Secondary System Configuration User Configuration and Authentication System Logging and Tracing Network Time Protocol Archiving Configurations SNMP Lab 3: Secondary System Configuration Operational Monitoring and Maintenance Monitoring Platform and Interface Operation Network Utilities Maintaining the Junos OS Password Recovery System Clean-Up Lab 4: Operational Monitoring and Maintenance Interface Configuration Examples Review of the Interface Configuration Hierarchy Interface Configuration Examples Using Configuration Groups Routing Fundamentals Routing Concepts: Overview of Routing Routing Concepts: The Routing Table Routing Concepts: Routing Instances Static Routing Dynamic Routing Lab 5: Routing Fundamentals Routing Policy Routing Policy Overview Case Study: Routing Policy Lab 6: Routing Policy Firewall Filters Firewall Filters Overview Case Study: Firewall Filters Unicast Reverse-Path-Forwarding Checks Lab 7: Firewall Filters Class of Service CoS Overview Traffic Classification Traffic Queueing Traffic Scheduling Case Study: CoS Lab 8: Class of Service JTAC Procedures Opening a Support Case Customer Support Tools Transferring Files to JTAC Juniper Security Concepts Security Challenges Juniper's Security Focus Appendix A: IPv6 Fundamentals IPv6 Addressing Protocols and Services Configuration

Database fundamentals training course description This three-day training course helps you prepare for Microsoft Technology Associate Exam 98-364, and build an understanding of these topics: Core Database Concepts, Creating Database Objects, Manipulating Data, Data Storage, and Administering a Database. What will you learn Describe core database concepts. Create database objects. Manipulate data. Describe data storage. Administer a database. Create a relational database consisting of 3 related tables. Database fundamentals training course details Who will benefit: Those working with databases. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days Database fundamentals training course contents Understanding core database concepts Flat-type databases, hierarchical databases, relational databases, database fundamentals, relational database concepts, using the SQL Server Management Studio Interface. Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Definition Language (DDL), using DDL statements. Creating database objects Defining data types, using built-in data types, using exact numeric data types, using approximate numeric data types. Creating and using tables. Creating views. Creating stored procedures, SQL injections. Manipulating data Using Queries to select data, combining conditions, using the BETWEEN clause, using the NOT clause, using the UNION clause, using the EXCEPT and INTERSECT clauses, using the JOIN clause. Using Queries to insert data, Inserting data. Updating data and databases, Using the UPDATE statement. Deleting data, Using the DELETE statement, truncating a table with TRUNCATE TABLE, deleting a table with DROP TABLE, using referential integrity. Understanding data storage Normalising a database, normalization, first normal form, second normal form, third normal form, fourth normal form, fifth normal form. Primary, foreign and composite keys, clustered and non-clustered indexes, creating a non-clustered table. Administering a Database Securing Databases, server-level security, database-level security, Windows security, SQL authentication, database server roles, granting access to a database, fixed database roles, object permissions, managing roles, ownership chains, reviewing a sample security model. Backing up and restoring databases, recovery models, backup devices.

XSLT training course description This course has been designed as a follow on course for the XML primer course. The course looks at the use of XSLT in the transforming and styling XML documents. What will you learn Transform and style XML documents using XSLT. XSLT training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with XSLT. Prerequisites: XML primer Duration 2 days XSLT training course contents Introduction Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL), transforming and formatting XML. XML refresher The basic rules for building an XML document. An introduction to XSLT The basic concepts of XSLT, xsl:output, xsl:template, xsl:value-of. XML documents as trees How the original XML is transformed into a set of nodes, the general terms for manipulating node trees. Paths (XPath) Use of path matching to select required nodes for transformation. Using templates xsl:apply-templates, xsl:template match, nested templates, xsl:copy , <comment> and <element> , default templates, parameters. Control xsl:if, xsl:choose, xsl:for-each, xsl:sort. Constructing the result tree xsl:output, xsl:attribute, xsl:attribute-set, xsl:comment, xsl:processing-instruction, xsl:text, xsl:value-of, xsl:variable. Combining templates xsl:include, xsl:import, xsl:apply-imports. Transforming to text