458 Code courses in Cardiff delivered Live Online

Do you want to learn to code? Are you already on your way, but need a boost? Is the motivation a challenge and you want some external accountability? Do you want deeper technical discussions than you can find elsewhere? Or just want a frank chat about whether you have what it takes to succeed? Come study with me.

Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for System administrators and operators who are operating in the AWS Cloud Informational technology workers who want to increase the system operations knowledge. Overview Identify the AWS services that support the different phases of Operational Excellence, an AWS Well-Architected Framework pillar Manage access to AWS resources using AWS accounts and organizations and AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Maintain an inventory of in-use AWS resources by using AWS services, such as AWS Systems Manager, AWS CloudTrail, and AWS Config Develop a resource deployment strategy using metadata tags, Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), and AWS Control Tower to deploy and maintain an AWS cloud environment Automate resource deployment by using AWS services, such as AWS CloudFormation and AWS Service Catalog Use AWS services to manage AWS resources through CloudOps lifecycle processes, such as deployments and patches Configure a highly available cloud environment that uses AWS services, such as Amazon Route 53 and Elastic Load Balancing, to route traffic for optimal latency and performance Configure AWS Auto Scaling and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to scale out your cloud environment based on demand Use Amazon CloudWatch and associated features, such as alarms, dashboards, and widgets, to monitor your cloud environment Manage permissions and track activity in your cloud environment by using AWS services, such as AWS CloudTrail and AWS Config Deploy your resources to an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), establish necessary connectivity to your Amazon VPC, and protect your resources from disruptions of service State the purpose, benefits, and appropriate use cases for mountable storage in your AWS Cloud environment Explain the operational characteristics of object storage in the AWS Cloud, including Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and Amazon S3 Glacier Build a comprehensive cost model to help gather, optimize, and predict your cloud costs by using services such as AWS Cost Explorer and the AWS Cost & Usage Report This course teaches systems operators and anyone performing cloud operations functions how to manage and operate automatable and repeatable deployments of networks and systems on AWS. You will learn about cloud operations functions, such as installing, configuring, automating, monitoring, securing, maintaining, and troubleshooting these services, networks, and systems. The course also covers specific AWS features, tools, and best practices related to these functions. Prerequisites Successfully completed the AWS Technical Essentials course Background in either software development or systems administration Proficiency in maintaining operating systems at the command line, such as shell scripting in Linux environments or cmd/PowerShell in Windows Basic knowledge of networking protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP) 1 - Introduction to Cloud Operations on AWS What is Cloud Operations AWS Well-Architected Framework AWS Well-Architected Tool 2 - Access Management AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Resources, accounts, and AWS Organizations 3 - System Discovery Methods to interact with AWS services Tools for automating resource discovery Inventory with AWS Systems Manager and AWS Config Hands-On Lab: Auditing AWS Resources with AWS Systems Manager and AWS Config 4 - Deploy and Update Resources Cloud Operations in deployments Tagging strategies Deployment using Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) Deployment using AWS Control Tower 5 - Automate Resource Deployment Deployment using AWS CloudFormation Deployment using AWS Service Catalog Hands-On Lab: Infrastructure as Code 6 - Manage Resources AWS Systems Manager Hands-On Lab: Operations as Code 7 - Configure Highly Available Systems Distributing traffic with Elastic Load Balancing Amazon Route 53 8 - Automate Scaling Scaling with AWS Auto Scaling Scaling with Spot Instances Managing licenses with AWS License Manager 9 - Monitor and Maintain System Health Monitoring and maintaining healthy workloads Monitoring AWS infrastructure Monitoring applications Hands-On Lab: Monitor Applications and Infrastructure 10 - Data Security and System Auditing Maintaining a strong identity and access foundation Implementing detection mechanisms Automating incident remediation 11 - Operate Secure and Resilient Networks Building a secure Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) Networking beyond the VPC 12 - Mountable Storage Configuring Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) Sizing Amazon EBS volumes for performance Using Amazon EBS snapshots Using Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager to manage your AWS resources Creating backup and data recovery plans Configuring shared file system storage Hands-On Lab: Automating with AWS Backup for Archiving and Recovery 13 - Object Storage Deploying Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Managing storage lifecycles on Amazon S3 14 - Cost Reporting, Alerts, and Optimization Gaining AWS cost awareness Using control mechanisms for cost management Optimizing your AWS spend and usage Hands-On Lab: Capstone lab for CloudOps Additional course details: Nexus Humans Cloud Operations on AWS training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the Cloud Operations on AWS course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

LTE training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. LTE training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days LTE training course contents LTE Introduction The path to LTE, 3GPP. LTE to LTE advanced. LTE Architecture The core, Access, roaming. Protocols: User plane, Control plane. Example information flows. Bearer management. Spectrum allocation. LTE technologies Transmission, reception, OFDMA, multiple antenna, MIMO. LTE Air interface Air interface protocol stack. Channels, Resource Grid, cell acquisition. Up and downlink controls. Layer 2 protocols. Cell acquisition Power on, selecting networks and cells. RRC connection. Attach procedure. Mobility management Roaming, RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, cell reselection, handover, interoperation with UMTS and GSM networks. Voice and text IMS, QoS, policy and charging.

Security+ training course description A hands on course aimed at getting delegates successfully through the CompTia Security+ examination. What will you learn Explain general security concepts. Describe the security concepts in communications. Describe how to secure an infrastructure. Recognise the role of cryptography. Describe operational/organisational security. Security+ training course details Who will benefit: Those wishing to pass the Security+ exam. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 5 days Security+ training course contents General security concepts Non-essential services and protocols. Access control: MAC, DAC, RBAC. Security attacks: DOS, DDOS, back doors, spoofing, man in the middle, replay, hijacking, weak keys, social engineering, mathematical, password guessing, brute force, dictionary, software exploitation. Authentication: Kerberos, CHAP, certificates, usernames/ passwords, tokens, biometrics. Malicious code: Viruses, trojan horses, logic bombs, worms. Auditing, logging, scanning. Communication security Remote access: 802.1x, VPNs, L2TP, PPTP, IPsec, RADIUS, TACACS, SSH. Email: S/MIME, PGP, spam, hoaxes. Internet: SSL, TLS, HTTPS, IM, packet sniffing, privacy, Javascript, ActiveX, buffer overflows, cookies, signed applets, CGI, SMTP relay. LDAP. sftp, anon ftp, file sharing, sniffing, 8.3 names. Wireless: WTLS, 802.11, 802.11x, WEP/WAP. Infrastructure security Firewalls, routers, switches, wireless, modems, RAS, PBX, VPN, IDS, networking monitoring, workstations, servers, mobile devices. Media security: Coax, UTP, STP, fibre. Removable media. Topologies: Security zones, DMZ, Intranet, Extranet, VLANs, NAT, Tunnelling. IDS: Active/ passive, network/host based, honey pots, incident response. Security baselines: Hardening OS/NOS, networks and applications. Cryptography basics Integrity, confidentiality, access control, authentication, non-repudiation. Standards and protocols. Hashing, symmetric, asymmetric. PKI: Certificates, policies, practice statements, revocation, trust models. Key management and certificate lifecycles. Storage: h/w, s/w, private key protection. Escrow, expiration, revocation, suspension, recovery, destruction, key usage. Operational/Organisation security Physical security: Access control, social engineering, environment. Disaster recovery: Backups, secure disaster recovery plans. Business continuity: Utilities, high availability, backups. Security policies: AU, due care, privacy, separation of duties, need to know, password management, SLAs, disposal, destruction, HR policies. Incident response policy. Privilege management: Users, groups, roles, single sign on, centralised/decentralised. Auditing. Forensics: Chain of custody, preserving and collecting evidence. Identifying risks: Assets, risks, threats, vulnerabilities. Role of education/training. Security documentation.

SMPTE 2110 training course description This course studies the new SMPTE ST 2110 suite of standards. The course covers all parts of the standard from SMPTE ST 2110-10 through to SMPTE ST 2110- 50. The course begins with an introduction to all IP studios and separating video and audio streams, then moves on to PTP and synchronisation. Video encapsulation is then followed by audio encapsulation. Handling ancillary data finishes the course. What will you learn Recognise the benefits of SMPTE ST 2110. Describe SMPTE ST 2110. Explain how the SMPTE 2110 standards work. Compare and contrast SMPTE 2110 and SMPTE 2022. SMPTE 2110 training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in broadcast. Prerequisites: IP broadcast fundamentals Duration 1 day SMPTE 2110 training course contents Introduction The all IP studio. Review of IP and RTP. Role of SMPTE, SMPTE 2022, What is SMPTE 2110, SMPTE 2022 versus 2110, SMPTE 2110 parts, multiplex standards, 2110 separate streams, Video, Audio, ANC. Essences. Separate streams and synchronisation The old way, blackburst, time code, DARS. SMPTE 2110-10, ST2059, PTP, PTP architecture, PTP accuracy, How PTP works, Offset and delay PTP clock types, Hardware time stamping SDP. Hybrids. Uncompressed video SMPTE 2110-20, 2110-21. Image support, raster sizes, bit depth, active video and no blanking, bandwidth and bandwidth savings, pgroups. Timestamps. Packing modes. Packet sizes, pixels per packet. Audio SMPTE 2110-30, 2110-31, PCM, AES3. Allowed versus required. Channels and streams. Ancillary data SMPTE 2110-40, RFC on RTP payloads for ST 291 ancillary data.

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for Students in this course are interested in Azure development or in passing the Microsoft Azure Developer Associate certification exam. This course teaches developers how to create end-to-end solutions in Microsoft Azure. Students will learn how to implement Azure compute solutions, create Azure Functions, implement and manage web apps, develop solutions utilizing Azure storage, implement authentication and authorization, and secure their solutions by using KeyVault and Managed Identities. Students will also learn how to connect to and consume Azure services and third-party services, and include event- and message-based models in their solutions. The course also covers monitoring, troubleshooting, and optimizing Azure solutions. Prerequisites To be successful in this course, learners should have the following: Hands-on experience with Azure IaaS and PaaS solutions, and the Azure Portal. Experience writing in an Azure supported language at the intermediate level. (C#, JavaScript, Python, or Java) Ability to write code to connect and perform operations on, a SQL or NoSQL database product. (SQL Server, Oracle, MongoDB, Cassandra or similar) Experience writing code to handle authentication, authorization, and other security principles at the intermediate level. A general understanding of HTML, the HTTP protocol and REST API interfaces. 1 - Explore Azure App Service Examine Azure App Service Examine Azure App Service plans Deploy to App Service Explore authentication and authorization in App Service Discover App Service networking features 2 - Configure web app settings Configure application settings Configure general settings Configure path mappings Enable diagnostic logging Configure security certificates 3 - Scale apps in Azure App Service Examine autoscale factors Identify autoscale factors Enable autoscale in App Service Explore autoscale best practices 4 - Explore Azure App Service deployment slots Explore staging environments Examine slot swapping Swap deployment slots Route traffic in App Service 5 - Explore Azure Functions Discover Azure Functions Compare Azure Functions hosting options Scale Azure Functions 6 - Develop Azure Functions Explore Azure Functions development Create triggers and bindings Connect functions to Azure services 7 - Explore Azure Blob storage Explore Azure Blob storage Discover Azure Blob storage resource types Explore Azure Storage security features Discover static website hosting in Azure Storage 8 - Manage the Azure Blob storage lifecycle Explore the Azure Blob storage lifecycle Discover Blob storage lifecycle policies Implement Blob storage lifecycle policies Rehydrate blob data from the archive tier 9 - Work with Azure Blob storage Explore Azure Blob storage client library Create a client object Manage container properties and metadata by using .NET Set and retrieve properties and metadata for blob resources by using REST 10 - Explore Azure Cosmos DB Identify key benefits of Azure Cosmos DB Explore the resource hierarchy Explore consistency levels Choose the right consistency level Explore supported APIs Discover request units 11 - Work with Azure Cosmos DB Explore Microsoft .NET SDK v3 for Azure Cosmos DB Create stored procedures Create triggers and user-defined functions Explore change feed in Azure Cosmos DB 12 - Manage container images in Azure Container Registry Discover the Azure Container Registry Explore storage capabilities Build and manage containers with tasks Explore elements of a Dockerfile 13 - Run container images in Azure Container Instances Explore Azure Container Instances Run containerized tasks with restart policies Set environment variables in container instances Mount an Azure file share in Azure Container Instances 14 - Implement Azure Container Apps Explore Azure Container Apps Explore containers in Azure Container Apps Implement authentication and authorization in Azure Container Apps Manage revisions and secrets in Azure Container Apps Explore Dapr integration with Azure Container Apps 15 - Explore the Microsoft identity platform Explore the Microsoft identity platform Explore service principals Discover permissions and consent Discover conditional access 16 - Implement authentication by using the Microsoft Authentication Library Explore the Microsoft Authentication Library Initialize client applications 17 - Implement shared access signatures Discover shared access signatures Choose when to use shared access signatures Explore stored access policies 18 - Explore Microsoft Graph Discover Microsoft Graph Query Microsoft Graph by using REST Query Microsoft Graph by using SDKs Apply best practices to Microsoft Graph 19 - Implement Azure Key Vault Explore Azure Key Vault Discover Azure Key Vault best practices Authenticate to Azure Key Vault 20 - Implement managed identities Explore managed identities Discover the managed identities authentication flow Configure managed identities Acquire an access token 21 - Implement Azure App Configuration Explore the Azure App Configuration service Create paired keys and values Manage application features Secure app configuration data 22 - Explore API Management Discover the API Management service Explore API gateways Explore API Management policies Create advanced policies Secure APIs by using subscriptions Secure APIs by using certificates 23 - Explore Azure Event Grid Explore Azure Event Grid Discover event schemas Explore event delivery durability Control access to events Receive events by using webhooks Filter events 24 - Explore Azure Event Hubs Discover Azure Event Hubs Explore Event Hubs Capture Scale your processing application Control access to events Perform common operations with the Event Hubs client library 25 - Discover Azure message queues Choose a message queue solution Explore Azure Service Bus Discover Service Bus queues, topics, and subscriptions Explore Service Bus message payloads and serialization Explore Azure Queue Storage Create and manage Azure Queue Storage and messages by using .NET 26 - Monitor app performance Explore Application Insights Discover log-based metrics Instrument an app for monitoring Select an availability test Troubleshoot app performance by using Application Map 27 - Develop for Azure Cache for Redis Explore Azure Cache for Redis Configure Azure Cache for Redis Interact with Azure Cache for Redis by using .NET 28 - Develop for storage on CDNs Explore Azure Content Delivery Networks Control cache behavior on Azure Content Delivery Networks Interact with Azure Content Delivery Networks by using .NET

Python Data Analytics with Python using Numpy, Pandas, Dataframes. Most attendees are in-work Data Professional. Private individuals are very welcome. Our Style: Hands-on, Practical Location: Online, Instructor-led

The COLP role goes beyond just ensuring your firm follows the rules in the SRA Standards and Regulations, it also comes with a personal accountability factor that demands your attention. Fear not! This 3 hour course will usher you through the intricacies of being a COLP, ensuring you not only meet but excel in your regulatory obligations.  The course will cover: Navigating the Regulatory Landscape: Understanding the Framework for COLPs Dive into the intricate regulatory framework that Compliance Officers for Legal Practice (COLPs) operate under. Shouldering the Responsibility: Unpacking the Duties of a COLP Explore the multifaceted responsibilities that come with the role of a COLP. Choosing the Right Leader: Identifying the Ideal COLP Candidate Learn the criteria for selecting the most suitable individual to take on the crucial role of COLP. Cracking the Codes: Key Elements of Codes and SRA Principles Delve into the essential components of the Codes and SRA Principles that form the backbone of legal compliance. Building a Robust Foundation: Understanding Compliance Systems for All Firms Explore the concept of compliance systems, what they entail, and why every firm should have one in place. Reporting Matters: Recognising 'Serious' Issues, SRA Enforcement Strategy, and Reporting Protocols Uncover the definition of 'serious' matters, grasp the SRA Enforcement Strategy, and gain practical insights on making effective reports to the SRA. Paper Trails Matter: Effective Record Keeping, Including Non-material Breaches Master the art of comprehensive record-keeping, including strategies for recording non-material breaches, and understand why it's integral to compliance. Personal Liability: Understanding and Mitigating Risks Navigate the landscape of personal liability for COLPs and develop strategies to mitigate associated risks. Staying Ahead: Keeping Abreast of Regulatory Changes and Guidance Develop effective strategies for staying up to date with dynamic regulatory changes and evolving guidance. Planning for Compliance: Crafting a Robust Strategy, Assessing Risk, and File Reviewing Formulate a comprehensive plan for tackling compliance, including risk assessment, maintaining risk registers, and implementing effective file reviewing. Across the Board: Legal and Regulatory Compliance Areas Every COLP Must Master Gain a high-level overview of crucial legal and regulatory compliance areas, including AML, transparency rules, and other pivotal aspects that demand the attention of all COLPs. Target Audience This online course is suitable for those new to the COLP role, or those supporting the COLP and for those that would like a refresher of the role and their responsibilities. Resources Comprehensive and up to date course notes will be provided to all delegates which may be useful for ongoing reference or cascade training. Please note a recording of the course will not be made available. Speaker Helen Torresi, Consultant, DG Legal Helen is a qualified solicitor with a diverse professional background spanning leadership roles in both the legal and tech/corporate sectors. Throughout her career, she has held key positions such as COLP, HOLP, MLCO, MLRO and DPO for law firms and various regulated businesses and services. Helen’s specialised areas encompass AML, complaint and firm negligence handling, DPA compliance, file review and auditing, law management, and operational effectiveness in law firms, particularly in conveyancing (CQS).

Linux engineer certification training course description LPIC-2 is the second certification in LPI's multi level professional certification program. This course teaches the skills necessary to pass the LPI 201 exam; the first of two LPIC-2 exams. Specifically, the course covers the administration of Linux systems in small to medium sized mixed networks. What will you learn Perform advanced administration tasks. Perform advanced file system administration. Linux engineer certification training course details Who will benefit: Linux administrators. Prerequisites: Linux system administration (LPIC-1) Duration 5 days Linux engineer certification fundamentals training course contents Part I The LPI 201 Exam Starting a System The Linux Boot Process, Firmware Startup, BIOS Startup, UEFI Startup, Linux Bootloaders, GRUB Legacy, GRUB 2, Alternative Bootloaders, Secure Bootloaders, Process Initialization, SysV Method, systemd Method, Upstart Method, System Recovery, Kernel Failures, Root Drive Failure. Maintaining the System Fluid Messaging, Static Messaging, System backups, Backup Strategies, Performing Backups, Installing Programs from Source, Obtaining and unpacking Installation Files, Compiling Programs, Resource Usage: Managing, measuring, predicting and troubleshooting. Mastering the Kernel What Is the Kernel? Kernel Features, Parts of the Kernel, Kernel Versions, Obtaining Source Code, Creating the Configuration File, Compiling and Installing the Kernel, Compiling and Installing Modules, Creating an Initial RAM Disk, Booting the New Kernel, Creating a Kernel Package, Maintaining the Kernel, Working with Module Files, Module Commands, Working with Hardware, Automatically Detecting Hardware, Troubleshooting the Kernel. Managing the Filesystem The Linux Filesystem, Filesystem Structures, Filesystem Types, Making Filesystems, Attaching Filesystems, Memory-Based Linux Filesystems, the Btrfs Filesystem, Btrfs Subvolumes, Btrfs Snapshots, Optical Filesystems, Swap Filesystems, Network-Based Filesystems, Auto-Mounting, Encrypted Filesystems, Maintaining Linux Filesystems, Adjusting a Filesystem, Checking and Repairing a Filesystem, SMART. Administering Advanced Storage Devices Configuring RAID, Implementing RAID on Linux, Managing a RAID Array, Adjusting Storage Devices, Looking at Drive Interface Concepts, Testing and Tuning Drives, Implementing iSCSI, Managing Logical Volumes, LVM, Creating Logical Volumes, Supporting Logical Volumes, Understanding the Device Mapper. Navigating Network Services Networking Basics, The Physical Layer, The Network Layer, The Transport Layer, The Application Layer, Configuring Network Features, Network Configuration Files, Graphical Tools, Command-Line Tools, Basic Network Troubleshooting, Checking the Log Files, the ARP Cache, Sending Test Packets, Testing Network Routes, Testing Client/Server Connectivity, Finding Host Information, Network Security, Advanced Network Troubleshooting, Viewing Open Network Connections, Viewing Network Statistics, Scanning the Network, Capturing Network Traffic.

XML primer training course description This course has been designed for web and intranet developers who want to accelerate their learning of XML and its applications without the grind of book learning. Although a basic knowledge of HTML and JavaScript is assumed, it is also assumed you know very little about XML and how to use it. On completion of this course you should understand the benefits of using XML and be able to design XML solutions where applicable to your company's Internet/intranet requirements. The course will be particularly beneficial if you want to know how to communicate data to diverse applications over the Internet or company intranet. What will you learn Write XML. Debug XML. Examine existing code and determine its function. XML primer training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with XML. Prerequisites: HTML5 development fundamentals Duration 3 days XML primer training course contents The origins of XML Markup languages, SGML, document type definitions and validity, introducing XML, IE and XML, accessing content and adding style. Basic XML XML document structure, elements and attributes, grammar, well formed documents, other XML elements and references. Document Type Definition (DTDs) Creating a DTD, basic declaration, declaring elements, content definitions, entities, entity declarations, notations, defining attributes, attribute types, forcing inclusion or exclusion of DTD sections, validation. Namespaces Declaring namespaces, scoping, removing and changing namespaces, qualified names, attribute namespaces. An introduction to schemas Constructing schemas, defining the root element and its contents,<ELEMENTTYPE>, defining root element contents, adding attributes definitions, <ATTRIBUTETYPE>, <ELEMENT>, <ATTRIBUTE>. XML & the Document Object Model (DOM) What the DOM offers, DOM and W3C. Basic DOM concepts XML documents as trees, terminology of tree elements. Key DOM Objects: The document object and its creation, base objects, IE specifics, the XML node hierarchy. Programming DOM Viewing a DOM model as XML, getting the root element of a document, iterating nodes of a DOM, basic node properties, collection objects, searching for specific values, filtering a nodelist by tagname, more filtering methods, selecting nodes from their attributes. Amending Content and Structure Creating/saving a DOM as XML, changing content/structure, dynamically building a DOM. Using ASP and other techniques ASP techniques, HTTPREQUEST object, XSL, transforming and formatting XML. Formatting Using CSS. CSS And XML. XSL Transformations - XSLT Introduction, the XSL root element, applying XSL stylesheets to XML, XSL elements and operations, instructions - creating text nodes and applying templates, a 'drill-down' approach, simple output formatting, pattern filters - patterns based on position, the Match and Select attributes and their patterns, formatting output, creating new XML in output.