66 Circuit courses delivered Live Online

3G training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. 3G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days 3G training course contents D3GPP specifications 3GPP standards body, Evolution path, Frequency and bandwidth, Conceptual model, UMTS general architecture, UTRAN architecture & radio access bearer. CDMA principles CDMA principle, Code characteristics, Code requirements. CDMA requirements Synchronization, Power control, Soft handover, Rake receiver, Antenna consideration, Multi-user detection. Radio interface protocol architecture Access stratum & non-access stratum, Overall protocol structure, Logical and transport channels, Physical channels, Protocol termination. Layer 2 Protocols Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol, Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocol, Radio Interface for Broadcast/Multicast Services. Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol RRC Architecture, RRC Protocol State, Broadcast of information, RRC connection management, Radio bearer management, RRC connection mobility functions, Power control, Ciphering and Integrity. Mobile procedures Mobility management states and transitions, UMTS identities, Procedures in Idle mode (location updates, cell selection/ re-selection), Circuit-switched call set-up, Packet-switched context activation and context preservation, Data transfer initialization, Soft-handover procedure. Introduction to HSPA The need for high speed data, Fast HARQ, Improved scheduling, Additional channels, Soft combining, HS-DSCH codes, Uplink HSPA vs downlink HSPA, Full HSPA, Use of MIMO, Enhanced CELL_FACH.

Peering demystified training course description A concise overview course covering The Internet and peering. Particular emphasis is placed on the structure of the Internet, how IXs benefit the Internet, IX architectures, peering and the technical buzzwords behind the IX services. What will you learn Describe the structure of the Internet Explain the role of RIPE, ARIN and IXs in the Internet Explain how IXs connect ISPs and the benefits of using IXs. Describe peering from a technical perspective including the role of BGP and AS's. Peering demystified training course details Who will benefit: Non technical staff working for Internet companies. Prerequisites: None. Duration 1 day Peering demystified training course contents IP and routers IP as glue. What is a router? How routers join networks, benefits and disadvantages of routers, default gateways, routing tables, routing protocols. Addressing IP address format, rules of IP addressing, where to get IP addresses. Subnetting and groups of IP addresses. The Internet What is the Internet? The big picture, IP basics, registering IP addresses, DNS and registering domain names, whois, The IAB, IANA, ICANN, RIPE and other Internet organisations. ISPs Top ISPs, Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 ISPs, backbone providers, circuit providers, content providers, virtual ISPs, the internal network of ISPs. Customer connections to ISPs (DSL, Leased lines, MPLS…) ISP to ISP connections: Peering points Public peering versus private peering, NAPs, Internet Exchanges, Metropolitan Area Exchanges, LINX, other major peering points, the geography of the Internet. BGP and ASNs. How to peer. IRRs. IX architecture Ethernet switching.

WANs training course description A concise overview course covering Wide Area Networks with particular emphasis on the WAN options available including the use of the Internet. What will you learn Choose and evaluate WAN technologies. Recognise the role of service providers. Describe the benefits of VPNs. Describe how the Internet can be used as a WAN. Describe the equipment needed to connect LANS to WANS. List the speeds of various WAN technologies. WANs training course details Who will benefit: Anyone, although the course is particularly aimed at non-technical personnel needing some knowledge of WANS. Prerequisites: Network fundamentals Duration 1 day WANs training course contents WANS WAN architecture, Common WAN terms, Core vs access, service providers, relationship with 7 layer model, WAN equipment, how to choose a WAN. Layer 1 Copper, phone lines, fibre, coaxial, satellite, wireless. Cabling to the building, CPE cabling, interfaces. Layer 2 Dial up vs. Dedicated vs. packet switched networks and when to use them. Packet switching vs. circuit switching. Point to point and point to multipoint. Dialup access technologies Modems, ISDN, BRI, PRI. Access with dedicated lines XDSL, leased lines. WAN services X.25, SMDS, Frame Relay, CIR, ATM, Internet, MANS, dark fibre and other services. Case study: Selecting WAN technologies. Service provider technologies MPLS, SDH, WDM, DWDM. Routers Network addressing, default gateways, routing tables, routing protocols. Internet architecture Service providers, ISPs, private peering, public peering, core WANs in the Internet. VPNs Private networks, public networks, What are VPNs?, benefits of VPNs, tunnelling, encryption, IPSec. Case study: Specifying WAN connectivity.

Signalling training course description An intensive course that defines and explores the signalling methods that are to be found in today's telecommunications services. What will you learn Describe the Functionality and Features of Signalling. Describe the Functionality of Analogue & Digital Subscriber Signalling. Describe the various types of signalling used on different network types. Describe the Functionality of Private Network Signalling. Describe the Functionality of Public Network Signalling. Signalling training course details Who will benefit: Personnel involved with systems design, implementation and support. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days Signalling training course contents Introduction What is Signalling?, Standards, ITU-T Recommendations, Signalling Categories - Supervisory Addressing, E.164, Call Information, Network Management, Network Components, Inband/Outband Switch Signalling, Analogue Vs Digital Signalling. Analogue Subscriber Signalling Analogue Local Loops/Switches/Trunks, Digital Switches/Local Loops, Telephone Handset, Accessing the Local Exchange, Pulse/Tone Dialling. Digital Subscriber Signalling Integrated Digital Access, DASS2 & DPNSS, DASS2 - Call, IMUX, Euro ISDN, Q.931 Call Control, Message Identification, Message Types, Call Establishment Messages, Call Clearing. Network Types Service Types, Circuit Switched, Packet Switched, Signalling Terminology, In-Channel Signalling, G.704, Performance and Quality, Digital Signalling, CAS, CAS Applications, Foreign Exchange, CCS, Break-In/Out Private Network Signalling Types Networking PABXs, Inter PABX Analogue Signalling Methods, E & M, Tone-On-Idle, Inter PABX Digital Signalling Methods, DPNSS, DPNSS Deployment, PABX Support for DPNSS, DPNSS Call, Q.Sig, Q.Sig support/functionality/protocol, Message Overview, Call Establishment. Public Network Signalling SS7, SS7 Operations, SS7 Topology, SSP, STP, SCP, Database Types - CMSDB NP LIDB HLR VLR, Signalling Modes, Link Types, Further Redundancy, Linksets, SS7 addressing, Point Codes, Sub-System, Global Title Addressing and Translation, ANSI PCs, ITU-T PCs, SS7 Protocol Stack, MTP Level 1, MTP Level 2, Flow Control, FISU, LSSU, MSU, MSU SIF, MTP Level 3, SCCP, TCAP, TUP, Facility Format, Main Facilities, Flow Control Negotiation, Closed User Groups, Reverse Charging, Fast Select Facility, Throughput Class Negotiation, Call Barring, On-Line Facility Registration. BTUP, ISDN ISUP, Supplementary Services, ISUP Call - IAM, Progress/Answer/Suspend/ Resume/Release Messages, Intelligent Network (IN) Introduction, IN Evolution, IN Conceptual Model, IN Target Services & Service Features, Service Independent Building Blocks

LTE Architecture and Protocols course description This course provides a comprehensive tour of the LTE architecture along with services provided and the protocols used. What will you learn Describe the overall architecture of LTE. Explain the information flows through LTE. Describe the LTE security. Describe LTE mobility management. Recognise the next steps for LTE. LTE Architecture and Protocols course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Duration 3 days LTE Architecture and Protocols course contents Introduction History, LTE key features. The 4G ITU process. The LTE 3GPP specifications. Specifications. System Architecture LTE hardware architecture. UE architecture and capabilities. E-UTRAN and eNB. EPC, MME functions, SGW, PGW and PCRF. System interfaces and protocol stacks. Example information flows. Dedicated and default bearers. EMM, ECM, RRC state diagrams. Radio transmission and reception OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO antennas. Air interface protocol stack. Logical, transport and physical channels. Frame and slot structure, the resource grid. Resource element mapping of the physical channels and signals. Cell acquisition, data transmission and random access. MAC, RLC, PDCP protocols. LTE spectrum allocation. Power-on procedures Network and cell selection. RRC connection establishment. Attach procedure, including IP address allocation and default bearer activation. LTE detach procedure. Security in LTE networks LTE security features, identity confidentiality, ciphering and integrity protection. Architecture of network access security in LTE. Secure key hierarchy. Authentication and key agreement procedure. Security mode command procedure. Network domain security architecture. Security associations using IKE and IPSec. Mobility management RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED. Cell reselection, tracking area updates. Measurement reporting. X2 and S1 based handovers. Interoperation with UMTS, GSM and non-3GPP technologies such as cdma2000. QoS, policy control and charging QoS in LTE, EPS bearers, service data flows and packet flows. The architecture and signalling procedures for policy and charging control. Data transport using GPRS, differentiated services and MPLS. Offline and online charging in LTE. Delivery of voice and text messages over LTE Difficulties and solutions for Voice over LTE. Architecture and call setup procedures for circuit switched fallback. Architecture, protocols and call setup procedures in IP multimedia subsystem. Enhancements in release 9 LTE location services. Multimedia broadcast / multicast service and MBSFN. Cell selection, commercial mobile alert service. LTE Advanced and release 10 Impact of carrier aggregation on LTE air interface. Enhanced MIMO processing on uplink and downlink. Relaying. Release 11 and beyond. OAM and self organising networks Operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning for LTE. Self-configuration of base station parameters. Fractional frequency re-use, inter-cell interference co-ordination. Self-optimisation of base station procedures. Self-healing to detect and recover from faults.

CWISA training course description This CWISA course covers wireless technologies with reference to IoT. It examines from an IoT perspective how wireless works, and is an excellent introduction to IoT for the wireless engineer. Topics range from wireless technologies, RF, to mobile networks, IoT, and security. What will you learn Describe wireless networking and IoT technologies. Explain basic RF communications. Plan wireless solutions. Describe how to implement wireless solutions. Use best practices in implementing wireless solutions. CWISA training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with IoT technologies. Prerequisites: RF fundamentals. Duration 4 days CWISA training course contents Introduction to wireless technologies History of wireless, radio waves and frequencies, wireless technologies and related components, common components of wireless solutions, LAN networking requirements, Network security, Implementing wireless solutions, staging, documentation, security updates, Industry organizations, IEEE, compatibility and certification groups. Wireless network use cases Wireless BANs, Wireless PANs, Wireless LANs, Wireless MANs, Wireless WANs, Wireless sensor networks, New network driver-Internet of Things, IoT for industry (IIoT), IoT for connected vehicles, Residential environments, Retail, Education (K12), Higher education, Agriculture, Smart cities / Public access, Health care, Office buildings, Hospitality, Industry, Stadiums, arenas, and large public venues. Planning wireless solutions Identifying use cases and applications, common wireless requirements and constraints, performing a wireless system design, selecting and evaluating design parameters. RF communications RF wave characteristics, RF propagation behaviours, RF signal metrics, fundamentals of wireless modulation. other wireless carriers, common frequency bands. Radio frequency hardware Hardware levels, basic RF hardware components (circuit board level), RF link types (use category). RF device types. Mobile communications networks Mobile networks, LTE, 5G, Use cases. Short-range, low-rate, and low-power networks RF and speed, RF and range, RF and power, 802.11, 802.15.4, Bluetooth, LoRa (Long range) / LoRaWAN, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, NB-IoT and LTE-M. Wireless sensor networks What is a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)? WSN applications, Sensors and actuators, WSN architectures, Planning a WSN. Internet of Things (IoT) Internet of Things (IoT) defined, IoT history and its definition revisited, one more comment on the definition of IoT, IoT verticals, Oil & Gas, IoT structure/ architecture basics, IoT connected objects. Securing wireless networks Confidentiality, integrity and availability, Privacy, non-repudiation, authenticity & safety, Importance of authentication in wireless networks, Key cryptographic technologies & concepts, Authentication methods, Authorisation, OAuth 2.0 authorisation framework, monitoring. Troubleshooting wireless solutions Proper solutions design, designing and implementing wireless solutions, basic installation procedures, general configuration considerations, troubleshooting and remediation, troubleshoot common problems in wireless solutions. Programming, scripting and automation What is an API? categories of APIs, common API communication methods, choosing a language, why are we integrating systems? Application & integration architectures. Data structures & types, XML, YAML, API types.

Duration 4 Days 24 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is intended for: System engineers Technical support personnel Channel partners and resellers Overview After taking this course, you should be able to: Describe Cisco DWDM platform basics Describe DWDM network topologies Describe the management software used for managing Cisco DWDM networks List the different hardware components of the Cisco ONS and Cisco NCS DWDM systems Provision nodes and circuits in a Cisco DWDM network Perform node and multishelf configurations Implement SMR-based rings Provision optical circuit protection mechanisms Configure Any Rate cards Describe the function of Raman amplifiers Perform basic maintenance and troubleshooting of a Cisco DWDM network The Cisco Optical Technology Intermediate (OPT200) v3.0 course is designed to teach you the skills necessary to deploy the Cisco© Optical Networking System (ONS), 15454 Multiservice Transport Platform (MSTP), and Cisco Network Convergence System (NCS) 2000 Series Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) networks from installation to protection. Through a combination of lecture and hands-on experience, you will learn installation, configuration, circuit protection, maintenance, and basic troubleshooting using the Cisco Transport Controller for the Cisco ONS 15454 M6 and M12 shelves, and for the Cisco NCS 2016 shelf.Additionally, in this course you will review DWDM terminology and components, explore available chassis and cards, and discuss hardware installation. You will learn to use the Cisco Transport Controller server software to connect to the nodes, perform network turn-up and circuit creation, and deploy linear and single-module ROADM (SMR) DWDM multishelf topologies. Using this software, you will also configure Raman amplifiers and Any Rate cards, and configure protected and unprotected circuits. The course covers a variety of card options: controllers, transponders, multiplexer-demultiplexer, add/drop, Raman amplifiers, and Cisco Any Rate muxponder cards. You will use the various cards to configure terminal, amplifier, mesh, split, Optical Service Channel (OSC) regenerator, and Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing (ROADM) nodes. Finally, you will learn how to use many of the tools and features available with the Cisco Transport Controller to perform maintenance, testing, and basic troubleshooting of your optical network. Course Outline DWDM Optical Platform Foundation Chassis and Cards Hardware Installation Node Turn-Up and Circuit Creation Node and Multishelf Configurations SMR-Based Rings 10Gb Circuit Protection Any Rate Card Configuration Raman Amplifiers Maintenance and Basic Troubleshooting Additional course details: Nexus Humans Cisco Optical Technology Intermediate v3.0 (OPT200) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the Cisco Optical Technology Intermediate v3.0 (OPT200) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is for Network Engineers looking to specialize in Azure networking solutions. An Azure Network engineer designs and implements core Azure networking infrastructure, hybrid networking connections, load balance traffic, network routing, private access to Azure services, network security and monitoring. The azure network engineer will manage networking solutions for optimal performance, resiliency, scale, and security. This course teaches Network Engineers how to design, implement, and maintain Azure networking solutions. This course covers the process of designing, implementing, and managing core Azure networking infrastructure, Hybrid Networking connections, load balancing traffic, network routing, private access to Azure services, network security and monitoring. Learn how to design and implement a secure, reliable, network infrastructure in Azure and how to establish hybrid connectivity, routing, private access to Azure services, and monitoring in Azure. Prerequisites Prerequisite courses (or equivalent knowledge and hands-on experience): AZ-104T00 - Microsoft Azure Administrator 1 - Introduction to Azure Virtual Networks Explore Azure Virtual Networks Configure public IP services Design name resolution for your virtual network Enable cross-virtual network connectivity with peering Implement virtual network traffic routing Configure internet access with Azure Virtual NAT 2 - Design and implement hybrid networking Design and implement Azure VPN Gateway Connect networks with Site-to-site VPN connections Connect devices to networks with Point-to-site VPN connections Connect remote resources by using Azure Virtual WANs Create a network virtual appliance (NVA) in a virtual hub 3 - Design and implement Azure ExpressRoute Explore Azure ExpressRoute Design an ExpressRoute deployment Configure peering for an ExpressRoute deployment Connect an ExpressRoute circuit to a virtual network Connect geographically dispersed networks with ExpressRoute global reach Improve data path performance between networks with ExpressRoute FastPath Troubleshoot ExpressRoute connection issues 4 - Load balance non-HTTP(S) traffic in Azure Explore load balancing Design and implement Azure load balancer using the Azure portal Explore Azure Traffic Manager 5 - Load balance HTTP(S) traffic in Azure Design Azure Application Gateway Configure Azure Application Gateway Design and configure Azure Front Door 6 - Design and implement network security Get network security recommendations with Microsoft Defender for Cloud Deploy Azure DDoS Protection by using the Azure portal Deploy Network Security Groups by using the Azure portal Design and implement Azure Firewall Secure your networks with Azure Firewall Manager Implement a Web Application Firewall on Azure Front Door 7 - Design and implement private access to Azure Services Explain virtual network service endpoints Define Private Link Service and private endpoint Integrate private endpoint with DNS Integrate your App Service with Azure virtual networks 8 - Design and implement network monitoring Monitor your networks using Azure monitor Monitor your networks using Azure network watcher

LTE optimization training course description This course gives delegates an understanding of the Key Performance Indicators used within the 3G LTE (4G) network environment. We investigate the 3GPP standards for KPIs (including TR 32.814, TS 32.410 & TS 32.455) these cover GERAN, UMTS & LTE environments. The course details the optimisation procedures and the use of Self optimisation, Selforganising & Self-healing equipment now being deployed across all releases of mobile networks. What will you learn Explain the RF optimisation flowchart. Describe the importance of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). List many of the 3GPP recommended KPIs. Describe the concept of APN AMBR and UE AMBR within LTE. Describe the use of planning and optimisation computer tools. LTE optimization training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Essential LTE Duration 2 days LTE optimization training course contents Introduction to the cellular environment The architecture, 2G (GSM), GPRS/EDGE, The NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network), media gateway controller, 3GPP Rel99 the 3G introduction, HSPA deployments, 3G LTE (4G). Cellular network procedures GSM/GPRS call setup, GPRS data call setup, 3G UMTS data call setup, Data call (Voice over LTE) in LTE (using IMS), Circuit Switched Fall Back (CSFB) in LTE, IP packet session in LTE. Introduction to the standards The 3GPP specifications body, The numbering structure for KPIs, 2G KPIs, 3G/UMTS KPIs, 3G LTE KPIs, IMS KPIs. Introduction to the KPI definitions KPI definitions, accessibility KPIs, retainability KPIs, mobility KPIs, utilisation KPIs. In-depth overview of the air Interfaces GSM/GPRS FDMA & TDMA solution, 3G UMTS WCDMA solution, HSPA+ sharing spare power (Codes), The 3G LTE uplink & downlink interface explained, Initial attach procedures explained. Problem analysis Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), handover success rates, power adjustments, classification of coverage problems, weak coverage & coverage holes, lack of dominant cells, cross coverage, improper tilt settings, uplink/downlink imbalance, signal quality, Azimuths & tilts to reduce interference, Handover failure due to interference, Service drop causes. Mobile RF performance in 2G/3G Performance counters, KPIs, testing & measurement, Drive testing and survey, Data collection and post processing of data, LTE service optimization, bandwidth, poor coverage, Quality, optimization process, KPI optimization, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) applied to RF issues, optimization tools and software. Advanced LTE network planning & optimization LTE UE measurements (RSRP/RSRQ), LTE capacity planning, RF configuration parameters, LTE cell selection/reselection planning, LTE radio network KPIs, LTE user-centric KPIs, LTE network performance KPIs, LTE system utilization KPIs, LTE RF channel performance predictions, LTE channel information processing, LTE channel multiplexing, Physical layer and structure, MIMO in LTE, LTE resource plan LTE and Self-Organizing Networks (SON). Radio network optimization work flow Work flow, the existing network, Optimization team establishment and cluster division, Single site verification, Alarm check, Cell state check, Radio parameters check, Site verification, Statistics analysis, Coverage problem analysis. Mobile internet and QoS issues Cellular QoS reference models. How QoS impact on KPIs and measurements, Introduction to mobile internet, The concept of shared access technologies, Support for QoS in the WCDMA environment, The PDP context model, Supporting end-to-end QoS, EPS bearer concepts, Default EPS bearer, Dedicated EPS bearer, APN-AMBR, UE-AMBR.

Cyber security training course description This cyber security course focusses on the network side of security. Technologies rather than specific products are studied focussing around the protection of networks using firewalls and VPNs. What will you learn Describe: - Basic security attacks - RADIUS - SSL - VPNs Deploy firewalls and secure networks Explain how the various technologies involved in an IP VPN work. Describe and implement: - L2TP - IPsec - SSL - MPLS, L3, VPNs. Cyber security training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in the security field. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 5 days Cyber security training course contents Security review Denial of service, DDOS, data manipulation, data theft, data destruction, security checklists, incident response. Security exploits IP spoofing, SYN attacks, hijacking, reflectors and amplification, keeping up to date with new threats. Hands on port scanning, use a 'hacking' tool. Client and Server security Windows, Linux, Log files, syslogd, accounts, data security. Hands on Server hardening. Firewall introduction What is a firewall? Firewall benefits, concepts. HAnds on launching various attacks on a target. Firewall types Packet filtering, SPI, Proxy, Personal. Software firewalls, hardware firewalls. Firewall products. Hands on Simple personal firewall configuration. Packet filtering firewalls Things to filter in the IP header, stateless vs. stateful filtering. ACLs. Advantages of packet filtering. Hands on Configuring packet filtering firewalls. Stateful packet filtering Stateful algorithms, packet-by-packet inspection, application content filtering, tracks, special handling (fragments, IP options), sessions with TCP and UDP. Firewall hacking detection: SYN attacks, SSL, SSH interception. Hands on SPI firewalls. Proxy firewalls Circuit level, application level, SOCKS. Proxy firewall plusses and minuses. Hands on Proxy firewalls. Firewall architectures Small office, enterprise, service provider, what is a DMZ? DMZ architectures, bastion hosts, multi DMZ. Virtual firewalls, transparent firewalls. Dual firewall design, high availability, load balancing, VRRP. Hands on Resilient firewall architecture. Testing firewalls Configuration checklist, testing procedure, monitoring firewalls, logging, syslog. Hands on Testing firewalls. Encryption Encryption keys, Encryption strengths, Secret key vs Public key, algorithms, systems, SSL, SSH, Public Key Infrastructures. Hands on Password cracking. Authentication Types of authentication, Securid, Biometrics, PGP, Digital certificates, X.509 v3, Certificate authorities, CRLs, RADIUS. Hands on Using certificates. VPN overview What is a VPN? What is an IP VPN? VPNs vs. Private Data Networks, Internet VPNs, Intranet VPNs, Remote access VPNs, Site to site VPNs, VPN benefits and disadvantages. VPN Tunnelling VPN components, VPN tunnels, tunnel sources, tunnel end points, tunnelling topologies, tunnelling protocols, which tunnelling protocol? Requirements of tunnels. L2TP Overview, components, how it works, security, packet authentication, L2TP/IPsec, L2TP/PPP, L2 vs L3 tunnelling. Hands on Implementing a L2TP tunnel. IPsec AH, HMAC, ESP, transport and tunnel modes, Security Association, encryption and authentication algorithms, manual vs automated key exchange, NAT and other issues. Hands on Implementing an IPsec VPN. SSL VPNs Layer 4 VPNs, advantages, disadvantages. SSL. TLS. TLS negotiation, TLS authentication. TLS and certificates. Hands on Implementing a SSL VPN. MPLS VPNs Introduction to MPLS, why use MPLS, Headers, architecture, label switching, LDP, MPLS VPNs, L2 versus L3 VPNs. Point to point versus multipoint MPLS VPNs. MBGP and VRFs and their use in MPLS VPNs. Hands on Implementing a MPLS L3 VPN. Penetration testing Hacking webservers, web applications, Wireless networks and mobile platforms. Concepts, threats, methodology. Hands on Hacking tools and countermeasures.