21088 Certificate of Business Continuity Programme (CBCI) courses

In today's dynamic landscape, starting a business or social enterprise is not just about profit; it's about making a meaningful impact. The Stone Soup Approach course equips individuals with essential skills to navigate this terrain. Understanding social entrepreneurship is crucial as it blends business acumen with societal welfare. Through modules like Introduction to Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship, Establishing Your Organisation, and Managing Funds, participants grasp the fundamentals of sustainable ventures. Learning to create a brand and manage a social enterprise ensures credibility and longevity in the market. This course is indispensable, offering practical insights applicable in daily life and professional endeavors. In the UK job market, where such skills are highly sought-after, completion of this course enhances employability. The median salary for roles in this sector averages £30,000 annually. As the demand for socially conscious ventures rises steadily, with an increase of 10% annually, the Stone Soup Approach course becomes a strategic investment for aspiring entrepreneurs and changemakers alike. Key Features: CPD Certified Starting a Business course Free Certificate Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access Course Curriculum: Module 01: Introduction to Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Module 02: Establishing Your Organisation Module 03: Creating a Brand Module 04: Managing Funds Module 05: Managing a Social Enterprise Learning Outcomes: Analyze Social Enterprise fundamentals for strategic entrepreneurial decision-making. Develop effective organisational structures for successful business or social enterprises. Craft compelling brand strategies aligning with the Stone Soup Approach ethos. Apply financial management techniques for efficient resource allocation in your enterprise. Implement strategies to balance social impact and business sustainability effectively. Demonstrate proficiency in overseeing and adapting to the unique challenges faced. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Starting a Business or Social Enterprise - The Stone Soup Approach course is accessible to anyone eager to learn more about this topic. Through this course, you'll gain a solid understanding of Starting a Business or Social Enterprise - The Stone Soup Approach. Moreover, this course is ideal for: Aspiring Entrepreneurs seeking to merge business success with social impact. Individuals with a passion for creating positive change through entrepreneurship. New Business Owners aiming for sustainable impact in their ventures. Social Innovators looking to establish and manage impactful enterprises. Those eager to cultivate a brand that reflects their social values. Requirements There are no requirements needed to enrol into this Starting a Business or Social Enterprise - The Stone Soup Approach course. We welcome individuals from all backgrounds and levels of experience to enrol into this Starting a Business or Social Enterprise - The Stone Soup Approach course. Career path Social Enterprise Manager - £25K to 45K/year Community Development Officer - £20K to 35K/year Social Innovation Consultant - £30K to 60K/year Impact Investment Analyst - £35K to 55K/year Corporate Social Responsibility Manager - £35K to 60K/year Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

In the thriving construction industry, bricklaying remains an essential skill, opening doors to numerous opportunities. As the UK experiences a consistent demand for skilled bricklayers, with over 10,000 new jobs expected each year, now is the perfect time to master this trade. "Bricklaying: Building Foundations for Success" provides comprehensive training, equipping you with the knowledge to excel in the field. This bricklaying course covers everything from the basics to advanced techniques, ensuring a solid foundation in bricklaying. With the construction industry projected to grow by 5% annually, your skills will be highly sought after. Enrol today and start building your future in bricklaying. Don't miss out on the chance to turn your passion for construction into a rewarding career. Join us and lay the groundwork for your success. Key Features: CPD Certified Bricklaying Course Free Certificate Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access Course Curriculum: Module 01: Introduction to Bricklaying Module 02: Tools of Bricklaying Module 03: Bonding of Bricklaying Module 04: Basic Techniques of Bricklaying Module 05: Constructing Walls Module 06: Basic Joint Finishes Module 07: Building Curved Arches Module 08: Building Curved Brickwork and Defects and Maintenance of Bricklaying Learning Outcomes: Identify essential tools and their functions in bricklaying practice. Understand various bonding techniques for structurally sound brickwork. Demonstrate proficiency in basic bricklaying techniques for foundation construction. Apply knowledge to construct walls using appropriate bricklaying methods. Execute basic joint finishes to enhance the aesthetic appeal of structures. Implement techniques for building curved arches and brickwork with precision. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Bricklaying course is accessible to anyone eager to learn more about this topic. Through this course, you'll gain a solid understanding of Bricklaying. Moreover, this course is ideal for: Construction enthusiasts seeking foundational bricklaying skills. Individuals pursuing careers in building and construction trades. Homeowners interested in DIY bricklaying projects. Apprentices and trainees in construction-related industries. Students exploring practical skills in building and construction. Requirements There are no requirements needed to enrol into this Bricklaying course. We welcome individuals from all backgrounds and levels of experience to enrol into this Bricklaying course. Career path After finishing this Bricklaying course you will have multiple job opportunities waiting for you. Some of the following Job sectors of Bricklaying are: Bricklayer - £25K to £40K/year. Construction Supervisor - £30K to £50K/year. Site Manager - £35K to £60K/year. Masonry Worker - £24K to £38K/year. Building Inspector - £30K to £45K/year. Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

In the captivating world of modern science, there exists a gateway to understanding the intricate workings of life at its most fundamental level. Delve into the microscopic universe with our comprehensive online journey, where every click opens doors to new realms of knowledge. From the mysterious realm of Bacteriology to the captivating intricacies of Immunology, embark on an odyssey that promises to enlighten and empower. Key Features: CPD Certified Free Certificate Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access Within these digital halls of learning, discover the secrets of viruses, from the enigmatic DNA entities to the elusive RNA strands, each holding keys to unlocking nature's mysteries. Traverse through the labyrinthine landscapes of Parasites and Fungi, and learn to navigate the delicate balance between their existence and ours. Engage with the arsenal of Antifungal Medicines and Antibiotics, understanding their vital role in combating the unseen threats that lurk in the shadows. And as the journey unfolds, delve into the realms of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, gaining insights that transcend mere understanding, leading to informed action and empowered decision-making. In this online haven of intellectual exploration, seize the opportunity to broaden horizons and deepen understanding. Enrich your mind and equip yourself with knowledge that transcends boundaries, opening doors to new possibilities and unlocking the secrets of the unseen world around us. Join us on this exhilarating voyage, where curiosity meets enlightenment, and every discovery brings us closer to the essence of life itself. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Microbiology Bacteriology Viruses DNA Viruses Positive-Strand RNA Viruses Negative-Strand RNA Viruses Module 02: Parasites Fungi Antifungal Medicines Immunology Antibiotics Sexually Transmitted Diseases Learning Outcomes: Identify different types of microbes and their characteristics accurately. Understand the structure and function of bacteria and viruses comprehensively. Analyze the role of parasites and fungi in microbiological contexts. Demonstrate knowledge of immunology principles and their applications effectively. Evaluate the mechanism of action of antibiotics and antifungal medicines critically. Recognize the transmission and management of sexually transmitted diseases proficiently. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Module 01: 1:18:13 1: Introduction to Microbiology 12:44 2: Bacteriology 18:16 3: Viruses 11:19 4: DNA Viruses 14:11 5: Positive-Strand RNA Viruses 12:05 6: Negative-Strand RNA Viruses 09:38 Module 02: 1:09:46 7: Parasites 09:07 8: Fungi 08:16 9: Antifungal Medicines 10:23 10: Immunology 18:34 11: Antibiotics 10:45 12: Sexually Transmitted Diseases 11:41 13: CPD Certificate - Free 01:00 Who is this course for? Biology enthusiasts seeking specialised knowledge. Healthcare professionals expanding their expertise. Students pursuing careers in medical research. Individuals interested in laboratory-based careers. Anyone fascinated by the microscopic world of pathogens. Career path Microbiologist Laboratory Technician Clinical Research Associate Infection Control Practitioner Pharmaceutical Sales Representative Public Health Officer Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Are you fascinated by the enigmatic allure of Ancient Egypt? Dive into the world of pharaohs, pyramids, and hieroglyphs with our captivating course, "Understanding Egyptology". Unravel the secrets of one of the world's most intriguing civilizations through nine immersive modules designed to take you on an unforgettable journey through time. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this course, students will explore the fascinating world of ancient Egypt. They will start by understanding the basics of Egyptology, including its history and significance. They will delve into the language, writing, and numeral system of ancient Egypt, gaining insight into how communication and record-keeping were conducted. Students will learn about daily life in ancient Egypt, covering topics such as social structure, family life, and occupations. They will also study the dynasties that ruled ancient Egypt and the key figures that shaped its history. Exploring the rich mythology, students will discover the gods and goddesses worshipped by the ancient Egyptians and their significance. The course will also delve into the governance and society of ancient Egypt, examining the role of pharaohs and the structure of government. Additionally, students will learn about trade, military force, art, and architecture, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the civilization's cultural and socio-political aspects. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Egyptology Module 02: Language, Writing and Numeral System Module 03: Living in Ancient Egypt Module 04: The Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Module 05: Gods and Goddesses Module 06: Pharaoh, Government and Society Module 07: Trade and Military Force of Ancient Egypt Module 08: Art of Ancient Egypt Module 09: Architecture of Ancient Egypt Learning Outcomes: Identify key features of ancient Egyptian culture and civilization. Understand the Egyptian language, writing system, and numeral system. Describe the daily life, customs, and traditions of ancient Egyptians. Analyze the chronological development of ancient Egyptian dynasties. Explain the roles and significance of gods and goddesses in Egypt. Evaluate the political, social, and religious structures of ancient Egypt. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? History enthusiasts seeking in-depth knowledge of ancient Egypt. Students of archaeology and anthropology interested in ancient civilizations. Art historians exploring the art and architecture of ancient cultures. Scholars of religious studies focusing on ancient Egyptian beliefs. Educators looking to enrich their teaching with Egyptology insights. Career path Museum Curator Archaeological Researcher Egyptology Lecturer Historical Consultant Cultural Heritage Manager Artifacts Conservator Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Every pet owner dreads the moment their furry friend faces a medical emergency. Our comprehensive Pet First Aid Training course is designed to equip you with essential knowledge and skills to handle any situation with confidence and care. Whether you're a pet owner, pet sitter, or animal lover, this course provides invaluable training to ensure your pet's health and safety in critical moments. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this Pet First Aid Training course, learners will gain essential skills to handle various emergency situations involving pets. They will learn how to administer basic first aid effectively, including techniques like CPR and managing breathing problems. The course covers how to deal with fractures, injuries, and emergencies such as impalement, drowning, and choking. Learners will understand how to recognize and manage shock, conduct regular check-ups, and treat stings, bites, burns, and other wounds. They'll also learn about handling situations like diarrhea, vomiting, fainting, fever, and dehydration in pets. Practical tips for safely managing pets during emergencies and specific treatments for difficult situations like labor complications and poisoning will be taught, equipping learners with the skills to respond promptly and effectively to pet health crises. Course Curriculum Module 01: Basics of First Aid Module 02: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Module 03: First Aid for Breathing Problems Module 04: Handling Fracture and Injuries Module 05: Impalement Injuries, Drowning and Choking Module 06: Shock and Regular Check-Ups Module 07: Stings, Bites and Burns Module 08: Straining, Sunburn and Wounds Module 09: Diarrhoea and Vomiting Module 10: Pet First Aid for Fainting, Fever and Dehydration Module 11: Tips for Handling Pets Module 12: Treatment for Difficult Labour and Poisoning Learning Outcomes Understand basic first aid techniques for pets. Perform CPR correctly on a pet in need. Apply first aid for common breathing issues in pets. Demonstrate proper handling of fractures and injuries in pets. Identify and manage impalement injuries, drowning, and choking in pets. Administer first aid for shock and conduct regular pet check-ups. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Pet owners and animal enthusiasts. Veterinary assistants and animal shelter staff. Pet groomers and pet sitters. Wildlife rescue volunteers. Dog trainers and kennel staff. Career path Animal Welfare Officer Veterinary Nurse Animal Control Officer Pet Groomer Wildlife Rehabilitator Dog Walker Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Explore the critical aspects of lead awareness with our comprehensive online training course. From understanding the basics of lead and its health implications to practical measures for prevention at home and in the workplace, each module delves into vital topics such as biochemical effects, lead poisoning, and legal considerations. Equip yourself with essential knowledge to safeguard your health and comply with regulations effectively. Ideal for professionals and individuals seeking to enhance their awareness and proactive approach towards lead safety. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this lead awareness online training, learners will gain a comprehensive understanding of lead and its impact on health. They will explore how lead exposure occurs and its effects on the body. The training covers the biochemical and toxicological effects of lead, detailing how lead poisoning happens and its symptoms. Learners will also learn about lead paint hazards and prevention strategies, both at home and in the workplace. They will understand the legal aspects related to lead exposure, including regulations and responsibilities. By the end of the course, learners will be equipped with knowledge on identifying lead risks, implementing preventive measures, and ensuring safety in environments where lead exposure is a concern. This training aims to empower learners with the information needed to protect themselves and others from the dangers associated with lead exposure. Course Curriculum: Module 01: Introduction to Lead Module 02: Lead and Your Health Module 03: Exposure to Lead Module 04: Biochemical and Toxicological Effects of Lead Module 05: Lead Poisoning Module 06: Lead Paint Module 07: Lead Poisoning Prevention at Home Module 08: Preventive Measures for Lead Toxicity in Workplace Module 09: Lead and the Law Learning Outcomes: Identify sources and uses of lead in various environments. Explain the health risks associated with lead exposure. Describe methods of measuring exposure to lead. Discuss the physiological effects of lead on the human body. Recognise symptoms and treatment of lead poisoning. Apply preventive measures to reduce lead exposure risks. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Workers in industries with potential lead exposure. Homeowners concerned about lead in their environment. Public health officials and policymakers needing comprehensive understanding. Environmental consultants and inspectors assessing lead risks. Health educators aiming to inform communities about lead hazards. Career path Environmental Health Officer Occupational Health Advisor Construction Site Supervisor Public Health Inspector Industrial Hygienist Environmental Consultant Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Our extensive Call Centre & Customer Service Training course will help your call center workforce reach its full potential. Our 10-module programme covers all the essentials for providing great customer service, from learning the fundamentals to honing communication skills and creating goals. Develop your questioning skills, master phone etiquette, and improve your public speaking abilities. Equip yourself with the instruments required to succeed in the fast-paced field of customer service with an emphasis on pragmatism and benchmarking. Become a light of excellence for your call center by partnering with us. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access Throughout this course, participants will first gain an understanding of the core competencies and knowledge required for work in contact centres and customer service. The nuances of phone etiquette will then be covered in detail, enabling them to speak with professionalism and effectiveness when on the phone. Learners will explore different types of questions and how to respond to them appropriately, enhancing their ability to assist customers efficiently. They'll also learn techniques to speak confidently and skillfully, aiming to provide stellar customer service experiences. The curriculum emphasises key steps in handling customer interactions, setting achievable goals, and effectively closing conversations. Learners will gain insights into benchmarking performance and utilising various tools to support their customer service efforts effectively. Overall, this curriculum equips learners with the essential skills and knowledge needed to excel in call centre and customer service roles. Course Curriculum: Module 01: The Basics (I) Module 02: The Basics (II) Module 03: Phone Etiquette Module 04: Types of Questions Module 05: Speaking Like a Star Module 06: Key Steps Module 07: Goal Setting Module 08: Closing Module 09: Benchmarking Module 10: Tools Learning Outcomes: Understand fundamental principles of call centre and customer service operations. Master phone etiquette for effective communication in customer interactions. Develop skills to handle various types of customer inquiries confidently. Enhance verbal communication techniques to engage and assist customers effectively. Implement key steps and strategies to achieve customer service goals. Utilise benchmarking and tools for continuous improvement in service quality. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Individuals aspiring for customer service or call centre roles. Professionals seeking to enhance customer communication and service skills. Job seekers aiming for entry-level positions in customer support. Anyone interested in understanding call centre operations and customer service. Individuals aiming to improve their communication skills in service-oriented roles. Career path Customer Service Representative Call Centre Operator Customer Support Assistant Helpdesk Support Agent Client Relationship Manager Sales Support Executive Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

With our in-depth course, learn the fundamentals of landscape architecture! From mastering landscape ecology and green-scaping to designing captivating water features, walls, and pathways, each module offers practical insights and hands-on experience. Learn the art of planting and maintaining trees and shrubs, setting goals in sports, and creating entertaining, eco-friendly projects. Transform your outdoor spaces into stunning, sustainable landscapes with expert guidance and innovative techniques. Join us and start shaping your environment today! Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this course, learners will explore the art and science of Landscape Architecture. They will understand how landscapes affect the environment and people through topics like Landscape Ecology and Green-scaping. They will learn to design and integrate water features, walls, and fences into landscapes to enhance functionality and aesthetics. The course covers planting trees, shrubs, and creating pathways, focusing on practical techniques and design principles. Learners will gain skills in maintaining plant life and ensuring landscapes thrive over time. Additionally, they will delve into the broader applications of landscape architecture, such as in sport facilities and entertainment areas, including innovative recycling projects. Overall, the curriculum equips learners with foundational knowledge and practical skills to design, manage, and enhance outdoor spaces effectively and sustainably. Course Curriculum: Module 01: Introduction to Landscape Architecture Module 02: Landscape Ecology Module 03: Green-scaping Module 04: Water Features Module 05: Walls and Fences Module 06: Planting Trees and Shrubs Module 07: Pathways Module 08: Maintenance of Planting Module 09: Goal Setting in Sport Module 10: Entertainment and Recycling Projects Learning Outcomes: Identify principles of landscape architecture and its historical significance. Analyse ecological factors influencing landscape design and planning strategies. Implement sustainable practices in landscaping for environmental conservation. Design water features integrating aesthetic appeal and functional considerations. Construct walls and fences for delineation and privacy in landscapes. Apply techniques for planting trees and shrubs suitable to varied environments. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Individuals interested in environmental design and urban planning. Students aspiring to create aesthetically pleasing outdoor spaces. Professionals seeking to enhance their landscaping knowledge and skills. Environmental enthusiasts passionate about sustainable practices. Beginners looking to explore the basics of landscape architecture. Career path Landscape Architect Urban Designer Environmental Planner Garden Designer Landscape Technician Park Ranger Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Unlock your potential and step into the dynamic world of leisure management with our meticulously designed training program. Whether you're an aspiring professional or a seasoned expert looking to broaden your horizons, our course offers the perfect blend of theoretical knowledge and practical insights to propel your career forward. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In the Leisure Management Training course, learners will gain a broad understanding of the leisure industry, including travel, tourism, and recreation. They will learn how to plan and provide leisure services, ensuring they meet customer needs and expectations. The course covers marketing strategies to promote leisure activities and services effectively. Students will also learn about health, safety, and welfare standards, ensuring a safe environment for both customers and staff. The curriculum includes human resource management, focusing on recruiting, training, and managing staff within the leisure industry. Leadership skills are developed to prepare learners for managing teams and leading projects. Additionally, the course teaches how to manage and maintain leisure facilities and handle operations in hotels and lodging. Overall, the training equips learners with the skills needed to successfully run and manage various aspects of leisure services. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Leisure Management Module 02: Travel, Tourism and Leisure Module 03: Planning for Leisure Services Module 04: Marketing of Leisure and Recreation Module 05: Health, Safety and Welfare Module 06: Human Resource Management in Leisure Industry Module 07: Leadership in Leisure Industry Module 08: Managing and Maintaining a Leisure Facility Module 09: Managing Hotel and Lodging Learning Outcomes: Understand core concepts in Introduction to Leisure Management. Explore connections between Travel, Tourism, and Leisure. Develop skills for Planning Leisure Services effectively. Learn strategies for Marketing Leisure and Recreation. Implement Health, Safety, and Welfare protocols. Manage Human Resources in the Leisure Industry. Cultivate Leadership in Leisure Industry settings. Oversee operations of a Leisure Facility. Manage Hotel and Lodging operations efficiently. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Aspiring leisure managers seeking foundational knowledge. Tourism professionals expanding into leisure management. Facility managers enhancing operational skills. HR specialists in the leisure industry. Marketing professionals targeting leisure and recreation. Career path Leisure Centre Manager Tourism Development Officer Hotel Manager Recreation Facility Manager Health and Safety Officer Human Resources Manager in Leisure Industry Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Prepare for a vital role in healthcare with our comprehensive Pharmacy Assistant Training course. Designed to equip you with essential skills and knowledge, this program covers every aspect of pharmacy operations, from customer interaction to medication dispensation. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this Pharmacy Assistant Training curriculum, learners will gain essential knowledge and skills for working effectively in pharmacy settings. They will understand the role and responsibilities of pharmacy assistants and technicians, including health and safety practices and pharmaceutical terminology. Communication skills specific to pharmacy environments will be developed, ensuring clear interaction with customers and colleagues. Inventory management techniques will be learned to maintain efficient pharmacy operations. Learners will also be trained in dispensing methods, using Electronic Prescription Service (EPS), and minimizing dispensing errors. They will gain insights into prescription handling and the importance of following Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for safety and compliance. Understanding the dynamics of the pharmacy team and their practices will prepare them for collaborative work environments. Additionally, they will be equipped with the necessary skills for patient counselling, enhancing their ability to provide valuable healthcare advice and support to pharmacy clients. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Pharmacy Assistant and Pharmacy Technician Module 02: Health and Safety Risks Assessment and Pharmaceutical Terminology Module 03: Communication in Pharmacy Settings Module 04: Inventory Control and Management in Pharmacies Module 05: Dispensing Methods, EPS, Minimising Dispensing Errors in Pharmacies Module 06: Prescription and Dispensing in Pharmacies Module 07: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Module 08: The Pharmacy Team and Practices Module 09: Job Role of Pharmacy Technicians Module 10: Pharmacy Assistant Patient Counselling Guide Learning Outcomes Understand roles of pharmacy assistants and technicians in healthcare settings. Apply pharmaceutical terminology and assess health and safety risks effectively. Demonstrate effective communication within pharmacy environments. Manage pharmacy inventory and implement control measures efficiently. Execute dispensing methods, including Electronic Prescription Service (EPS), to minimize errors. Provide patient counselling adhering to standard operating procedures (SOPs). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Individuals aspiring to work in pharmacy settings. Those interested in healthcare support roles. Students aiming for entry-level pharmacy assistant positions. Career changers seeking roles in pharmaceutical environments. Anyone looking to enhance knowledge in pharmacy operations. Career path Pharmacy Assistant Pharmacy Technician Dispensary Assistant Pharmaceutical Administrator Prescription Assistant Healthcare Support Worker Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.